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Title: The Ohio Naturalist, Vol. II, No. 1, November, 1901
Author: Various
Language: English
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*** Start of this Doctrine Publishing Corporation Digital Book "The Ohio Naturalist, Vol. II, No. 1, November, 1901" ***
NO. 1, NOVEMBER, 1901 ***
THE
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_The_ “Ohio Naturali_s_t.”
A journal devoted more especially to the natural history of Ohio. The
official organ of THE BIOLOGICAL CLUB OF THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY.
Published monthly during the academic year, from November to June (8
numbers). Price 50 cents per year, payable in advance. To foreign
countries, 75 cents. Single copies, 10 cents.
_Editor-in-Chief_, JAMES S. HINE.
_Associate Editors._
J. A. BOWNOCKER, Geology,
J. H. SCHAFFNER, Botany,
F. L. LANDACRE, Zoology,
W. C. MILLS, Archaeology,
MAX MORSE, Ornithology,
F. J. TYLER, Ecology.
_Advisory Board._
Prof. W. A. KELLERMAN.
Prof. HERBERT OSBORN.
Prof. CHARLES S. PROSSER.
Address THE OHIO NATURALIST,
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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Volume II. NOVEMBER, 1901. No. 1.
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Announcements 131
Geophilous Plants of Ohio—FREDERICK J. TYLER 132
Notes on Nesting of Warblers at Ft. Ancient, O.—RAY DENSMORE 134
Ohio Fungi Exsiccati.—W. A. KELLERMAN 135
Helps in Entomological Study 140
An Abnormal Salamander.—E. B. WILLIAMSON 141
The Summer’s Work at Sandusky 141
The Maximum Height of Plants.—JOHN H. SCHAFFNER 142
The Birds of Cedar Point, Sandusky.—R. L. BAIRD 143
Meeting of the Biological Club 145
ANNOUNCEMENTS.
With this issue the OHIO NATURALIST begins its second volume. With
brighter prospects before us we shall endeavor to make improvements over
the first volume and to give our subscribers as good a publication as we
possibly can. The subscription price remains the same as last year and
we send out a large number of sample copies of this issue, with the
desire that when you receive your copy, if you are not already a
subscriber, you will conclude to become one and send us fifty cents and
order the current volume sent to your address. A number of complete sets
of Volume I., or any single number of that volume, are for sale at the
regular subscription price. Address the OHIO NATURALIST, Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio.
* * * * *
It is suggested that we introduce a correspondence department into our
journal. To that end we announce that hereafter we shall be pleased to
publish letters, or parts of letters, from our correspondents, whenever
we consider such of sufficient general interest to our subscribers.
Also, whenever desired, questions of importance sent in by
correspondents will be answered in these columns. Members of the
Advisory Board have promised to take charge of this department of the
work.
GEOPHILOUS PLANTS OF OHIO, II.
FREDERICK J. TYLER.
The underground parts of plants are often of value as a means of
characterization, and if the plant is a weed they become of the greatest
importance; as the worst weeds are almost invariably geophytes. Very
little information is given in most of the manuals upon this subject,
and what is given is not always satisfactory.
[Illustration: _Figure 1._]
The terms used in describing geophytes are in every day use, except
one—the crown. This term is applied to an herbaceous perennial which has
but one upright stalk the first year. This dies to the surface of the
ground at the end of the season, but the short, upright, underground
stem survives. It then sends up lateral branches, which in some cases
grow out several feet, in others only an inch or so before coming to the
surface. This branching, however, usually takes place in the Autumn and
often the entire crown of lateral branches is formed some time before
the parent plant is cut down by frost.
The following notes, and others, to be given later, are intended to
supplement the notes on Geophilous Plants of Ohio in the _O. S. U.
Naturalist_, 1:21:
Hypericum ascyron L. A large woody root, surmounted by a close crown.
Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. An oblique rhizome, about 2 in. long, with
numerous fleshy roots showing root contraction.
Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt. A small bulb, sending out the
coralloid roots from the base.
Lespedeza frutescens (L.) Britton. A long woody tap root, surmounted by
a close crown.
Lespedeza procumbens Michx. A close crownformer.
Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pars. A long tap-root and close crown, sending
up from 10 to 20 annual shoots.
Lespedeza hirta (L.) Ell. A crownformer.
Meibomia pauciflora (Nutt.) Kuntze. A rhizomatous crownformer. The
rhizomes are slender, a foot or more in length, and branching. At the
point of emergence there is usually a cluster of annual stems.
Thalictrum purpurascens L. A crownformer.
Coreopsis tripteria L. Rhizome composed of annual segments which are
about 1 inch in length.
Epigaea repens L. Rhizomes long and slender, close to the surface of the
ground.
Cypripedium acaule Ait. Rhizome 2 or 3 in. long, sending out numerous
strong roots. The annual growth in length is very small. In one specimen
examined the growth of four years amounted to only 6 lines.
Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt. Rhizome 4 to 12 in. long,
slender. Lateral branches numerous.
Plantago cordata Lam. An oblique rhizome of unique habit. The rhizomes
of large plants are ½ to ¾ in. thick, and are solid for 2 or 3 in., but
back of this the center rots away, leaving a shell which splits up to
the base. In small plants it splits but once, forming a flat or slightly
incurved ribbon. This becomes rounded, and seems to perform the function
of a root. It, however, dies off gradually at the posterior parts. In
fig. 1 the split portion is still united near the middle of one of the
specimens, and a portion of the posterior end is dead. The root-like
portion of the rhizome is much longer than the true rhizome.
Plantago rugellii Dec. A short, upright rhizome.
Plantago major L. A short, upright rhizome.
Lobelia syphilitica L. A close crownformer.
Geum canadense Jacq. A short, horizontal rhizome.
* * * * *
A specimen of the large Noctuid moth, Erebus odora Linn., was taken by
members of the class in geology who were out for a field excursion on
October 5th. So far as I am aware this is the first record for the
capture of this species in Central Ohio. The specimen was said to be in
excellent condition when taken, but was slightly rubbed and torn in
bringing it in.
NOTES ON NESTING OF WARBLERS.
At Fort Ancient, Ohio.
RAY DENSMORE.
During the latter part of May of the present year Mr. Tyler and myself
spent some time collecting in and around Fort Ancient, Warren County,
Ohio. The Fort is situated on the summit of a hill surrounded by gullies
200 to 300 feet deep, with rather steep sides. The Little Miami River
runs by on the west.
The sides of the gullies are springy and covered by enough bushes and
small trees to make it an ideal resort for many of the warblers. The
most common was the yellow-breasted chat. Nearly every clump of bushes
was inhabited by one or more pairs of these well named birds. Several
nests were found and two sets of four eggs each were taken. One set is
heavily marked with reddish blotches; the other is typical in
coloration, but one egg is nearly a runt. Oven birds were numerous, but
no nests were found. Kentucky warblers were abundant in the lower part
of the gullies. Three nests were found, one containing four eggs in an
advanced stage of incubation, one containing three fresh eggs and a cow
bird’s egg and one nest just completed. There was but little variation
in the material used in construction, appearance or location of the
nests. The foundations were composed of tightly packed leaves, the bases
of which were outward, and a lining of fine rootlets or in one a small
amount of horse hair.
A nest of the worm-eating warbler, containing six eggs, was found by Mr.
Tyler in a depression in the side of a bank under a bush. The bird sat
very close and allowed us to approach within three or four feet before
she would leave the nest. We were able to identify her very certainly.
The species must have been rare in the locality, for no other specimens
were seen during our trip. The nest was composed of a foundation of
leaves, loosely placed, and lined with fine rootlets and weed stems.
The Louisiana water thrush was abundant along the streams. One nest was
found containing four young birds about a week old. It had a foundation
of weed stems and twigs and was lined with rootlets. Its situation was
in the side of a bank a few feet above the water.
A Maryland yellow throat was heard on the flats of the Little Miami
River, and two other warblers were seen that I was unable to identify,
although one may have been the chestnut-sided.
Perry, Lake County, Ohio.
OHIO FUNGI EXSICCATI.
(With Reprint of Original Descriptions.)
W. A. KELLERMAN, Ohio State University.
It is proposed to distribute exsiccata of the Ohio species of Fungi,
issuing small fascicles from time to time as material may be available.
The original descriptions of all the species, or that given in
connection with the first use of the binomial or technical designation,
will be printed on the labels in addition to the data usually given.
Complete synonomy will not be attempted.
The number of copies will be limited, but it is hoped that all
mycologists who might be especially interested in the specimens, and
those wishing to exchange, may be furnished with the fascicles as they
appear.
Fascicle 1, containing Nos. 1 to 16, issued November 20, 1901,
represents the following species:
1. Aecidium impatientis Schw., on Impatiens biflora Walt.
2. Aecidium porosum Peck, on Vicia americana Muhl.
3. Aecidium sambuci Schw., on Sambucus canadensis L.
4. Cintractia sorghi (Link), on cultivated Sorghum (S. vulgare Pers.)
5. Cintractia sorghi (Link), obtained by inoculation.
6. Cintractia sorghi (Link), on Broom Corn (S. vulgare Pers.)
7. Cintractia sorghi (Link), obtained by inoculation.
8. Peronospora arthuri Farl., on Onagra biennis (L.) Scop.
9. Phyllosticta asiminae E. & K., on Asimina triloba (L.) Dun.
10. Puccinia helianthi Schw., on Helianthus divaricatus L.
11. Puccinia helianthi Schw., on Helianthus mollis Lam.
12. Puccinia marie-wilsoni Clinton, on Claytonia virginica L.
13. Puccinia podophylli Schw., on Podophyllum peltatum L.
14. Puccinia smilacis Schw., on Smilax glauca Walt.
15. Septoria podophyllina Peck, on Podophyllum peltatum L.
16. Ustilago zeae (Beckm.) Ung., on Zea mays L.
Thanks are extended to the mycologists who have rendered advice and
assistance, especially to Messrs J. B. Ellis, J. C. Arthur, A. P.
Morgan, and C. G. Lloyd. Acknowledgment for assistance in collecting
will be found on the labels accompanying the several specimens.
The labels to the sixteen specimens of the first Fascicle are here
reproduced.
1. Aecidium impatientis Schw.
On Impatiens biflora Walt.
Columbus, Ohio. June 1, 1901.
Coll. W. A. Kellerman.
“Aecidium impatientis Sz. V. effusum magnum expallescens, peridiis in
centro sparsis, crenatis, sporidiis majoribus luteo-fuscis simplicibus.
“Frequens Maio in foliis Impatientis maculatae. Folia bullata reddit, et
macula lata lutescente, in centro obscuriore inquinat.” L. de
Schweinitz, Synopsis Fungorum Carolinae Superioris (excerpta), p. 41.
No. 442. (1822).
2. Aecidium porosum Peck.
On Vicia americana Muhl.
Lakeside, Ottawa Co., O. May 17, 1901.
Coll. W. A. Kellerman.
“Aecidium porosum, Pk. Spots none; cups crowded, deep-seated, broad,
wide-mouthed, occupying the whole lower surface of the leaf to which
they give a porous appearance; spores orange-colored, subangular,
.0008–.001 inch in length.” Botanical Gazette, =3=:34. April, 1878.
3. Aecidium sambuci Schw.
On Sambucus canadensis L.
Columbus, Ohio. June 24, 1901.
Coll. W. A. Kellerman.
“Aecidium sambuci Sz. V. maculaeforme magnum crassum folia contorquens
aurantium exalbicans, peridiis minutis, sporidiisque simplicibus
pallidis.
“In foliis inprimis ad venas majores et in petiolis Sambuci Canadensis.
Folia contorquet. Color aurantio-croceus; peridia sparsa pulvere
pallido, lutescente-albo.” L. de Schweinitz. Synopsis Fungorum Carolinae
Superioris (excerpta), p. 41. No. 441. (1822).
“Diagnosis ulterior sequens [sub nom. Caeoma, subgen. Aecidium,
sambuciatum]. C. maculis intumescentibus saepe maximis (i. e. 2
uncialibus) in petiolis, pallescentibus. Pseudoperidiis magnis,
crebris elevatis, aurantiacis aut pallidis, margine fusco.
Sporidiis aurantiofulvis, decolorantibus. In foliis omnia multo
minora—pseudoperidiis densim aggregatis.” L. de Schweinitz,
Synopsis Fungorum in America Boreali media degentium, p. 294. No.
2897. (1834).
4. Cintractia sorghi (Link)
Sporisorium sorghi Link. Ustilago sorghi (Lk.) Pass.
On cultivated Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.)
Columbus, Ohio. September 15, 1900.
Coll. F. J. Tyler and O. E. Jennings.
“Sporisorium sorghi. Sp. acervis ovalibus, sporidiis globosis nigris
germinum.
“Diagn. Substantia farinosa germinum Sorghi vulgaris primum rimis variis
separatur ita ut semina hient. Tum sporidia oriuntur, usque dum tota
compages interior germinis in sporidia dilapsa sit. Excrescunt quoque
glumae in apicibus ramulorum paniculae, sporidia et partes floris
mutilas continentes. Sub microscopio composito acervi compacti
conspiciuntur, aqua adfusa non diffluentes, e quibus flocci simplices
aut semel ramosi exeunt tenues septati, pauci tantum e singulo acervo.
Sporidia compressis acervis in conspectum prodeunt exacte globosa sat
magna, minora majoribus intermixta.” H. F. Link in Linné Species
Plantarum, =6=^2:86.
5. Cintractia sorghi (Link)
Sporisorium sorghi Link. Ustilago sorghi (Lk.) Pass.
On cultivated Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.)
Columbus, Ohio. November 10, 1900.
Coll. W. A. Kellerman.
Supplement to No. 4.
Obtained by inoculating the Sorghum seed with smut spores.
6. Cintractia sorghi (Link)
Sporisorium sorghi Link. Ustilago sorghi (Lk.) Pass.
On cultivated Broom Corn (Sorghum vulgare Pers.)
Columbus, Ohio. November 21, 1901.
Coll. W. A. Kellerman.
Supplement to No. 4.
7. Cintractia sorghi (Link)
Sporisorium sorghi Link. Ustilago sorghi (Lk.) Pass.
On cultivated Broom Corn (Sorghum vulgare Pers.)
Columbus, Ohio. November 21, 1901.
Supplement to No. 4.
Obtained by inoculating the Broom Corn seed with the Sorghum smut.
8. Peronospora arthuri Farl.
Conidial stage.
On Onagra biennis (L.) Scop.
Columbus, Ohio. June 5, 1901.
Coll. W. A. Kellerman.
“P. arthuri n. sp. Conidiophores rather short and rigid, several times
dichotomous. Tips rather short and rigid. Conidia broadly ellipsoidal,
obtuse, 22–26 mmm. by 19 mmm., slightly violet-colored. Oospores large,
dark brown, 34–42 mmm. in diameter, exospore covered with short, blunt
papillae.” W. G. Farlow, Botanical Gazette, =8=:315. October, 1883.
9. Phyllosticta asiminae E. & K.
On Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal.
West Alexandria, Preble Co., Ohio. July 4, 1901.
Coll. W. A. Kellerman.
“Phyllosticta asiminae E. & K. Spots pale brownish, of irregular shape
(½–1 cm.), bordered by a distinct, dark raised line; perithecia
subglobose, deeply immersed, their apices barely visible on the upper
surface of the leaf, scattered, 100–120 mmm. diam.; spores yellowish
with a slightly greenish tinge, obovate, 7–9 x 5–6 mmm.” The American
Naturalist, =17=:1165. November, 1883.
10. Puccinia helianthi Schw.
On Helianthus divaricatus L.
Columbus, Ohio. October 10, 1901.
Coll. W. A. Kellerman and F. J. Tyler.
“Puccinia helianthi Sz. P. minor orbicularis aggregata nigra, sporidiis
globoso-ovalibus bilocularibus longissime pedicellatis.
“In plurimus Helianthis vulgaris. Sporidia fusco-lutea, pedicello albo,
pellucido.” L. de Schweinitz, Synopsis Fungorum Carolinae Superioris
(excerpta), p. 47. No. 495. (1822).
11. Puccinia helianthi Schw.
On Helianthus mollis Lam.
Sandusky, Erie Co., Ohio. September 17, 1901.
Coll. W. A. Kellerman.
Supplement to No. 10.
12. Puccinia marie-wilsoni Clinton.
Aecidial stage.
Caeoma [Aecidium] claytoniatum Schw.
On Claytonia virginica L.
Arlington, Hancock Co., Ohio. May 1, 1901.
Coll. W. A. Kellerman.
“C. A. Claytoniatum, L. v. S. C. fere simplex et sine macula, occupans
tota folia. Pseudoperidiis latis sparsis. Sporidiis aurantiacis.” L. de
Schweinitz, Synopsis Fungorum in America Boreali media degentium, p.
294. No. 2892. (1834).
13. Puccinia podophylli Schw.
Aecidial stage.
Aecidium podophylli Schw.
On Podophyllum peltatum L.
New Plymouth, Vinton Co., Ohio. May 10, 1901.
Coll. W. A. Kellerman.
“Aecidium podophylli Sz. A. maximum orbiculare demum effusum
flavo-aureum crassissimum, sporidiis subelevatis bilocularibus.
“Folia et caules Podophylli saepe ingenti clade late longeque tegit,
colore pulchro oculos alliciens.” L. de Schweinitz, Synopsis Fungorum
Carolinae Superioris (excerpta), p. 40. No. 435. (1822).
14. Puccinia smilacis Schw.
Teleutospores only.
On Smilax glauca Walt.
Mineral Springs, Adams Co., Ohio. Oct. 30, 1900.
Coll. W. A. Kellerman.
“Puccinia smilacis Sz. P. major confluens difformis et stellata
nigro-fusca.
“In Smilace rotundifolia omnia folia subexsiccata occupat.” L. de
Schweinitz, Synopsis Fungorum Carolinae Superioris (excerpta), p. 46.
No. 494. (1822).
15. Septoria podophyllina Peck.
On Podophyllum peltatum L.
Columbus, Ohio. June 9, 1901.
Coll. W. A. Kellerman.
“Septoria podophyllina. Spots large, indefinite, reddish-brown;
perithecia epiphyllous, few, clustered on or near the center of the
spot, pallid or blackish, slightly prominent, collapsing when dry;
spores filiform, variable in length, straight or slightly curved,
.0008–.0015 of an inch long.” Chas. H. Peck. Botanical Gazette, =4=:170.
June, 1879.
16. Ustilago zeae (Beckm.) Unger.
Lycoperdon zeae Beckm.
On Zea mays L.
Columbus, Ohio. September 30, 1901.
Coll. O. E. Jennings.
For full account of the synonomy with citations and notes, see J. C.
Arthur, Botanical Gazette, =23=:46, from which the following is taken:
To the translation by Johann Beckmann of Tillet’s account of the species
contained in the Royal Academy of Paris, 1776, where it is stated that,
“Son dernier effet consiste à convertir cette excroissance en une
poussière noirâtre et assez semblable à celle qui sort du lycoperdon ou
vesse de loupe.”—a foot note is added by the translator proposing the
binomial designation, as follows:
“Meiner Meynung nach, ist das hier beschriebene Gewaechs allerdings ein
Staubschwamm (Lycoperdon) und zwar eine Species parasitica, deren in
Lin. Syst. Nat. schon drey befindlich sind, unter welchen also dieser
Art, etwa unter dem Namen Lycoper. zeae ein Platz anzuweisen waere.” J.
B., Hannoverisches Magazin, =6=:1330.
HELPS IN ENTOMOLOGICAL STUDY.
Persons who are anxious to learn something of the habits of insects are
often at a loss to select reliable books. Some recent additions to the
list formerly available will make this task less difficult. The “Insect
Book,” by Dr. L. O. Howard, published by Doubleday, Page & Company,
covers the groups of insects, exclusive of the butterflies, moths and
beetles. It gives figures of a large number of species, some of them in
natural colors, and while some of the figures fail to give all the
detail necessary for the exact identification of species, most of them
are very satisfactory. The keys, descriptions, typical life histories
and directions for making collections, are written especially for the
class of students who do not have access to specific collections,
libraries or instruction.
Another book of great interest at the present time (also by Dr. Howard)
is entitled “Mosquitoes, How they Carry Disease, How they Live, How they
are Classified, How they May be Destroyed.” This deals in a remarkably
clear and attractive manner with the habits of mosquitoes, their
breeding grounds, the different species and their distribution, their
relation to malaria and yellow fever, and the measures by which their
numbers may be reduced. It furnishes incidentally a most excellent guide
to the methods of life history study for aquatic insects. It is
published by McClure, Phillips & Co.—H. O.
AN ABNORMAL SALAMANDER.
(Explanation of Figures.)
E. B. WILLIAMSON.
Mr. John Russi during the past summer collected a newt, Diemyctelus
viridescens, Raf., near Salem, Ohio, with a fifth foot growing from the
dorsal surface of the left thigh, as shown in figure 1. The newt is a
young one, 48 millimeters in length.
[Illustration: Newt]
The left femur is slightly longer than the right, and is shown much
enlarged at figure 2 in anterior view. Near its middle is a section of
cartilege which allows of the femur being bent slightly in any
direction. Tendons from the fifth foot pass to the femur at this point.
Figure 3 shows a much enlarged drawing of the skeletal elements of the
foot from dorsal view. The salamander was kept alive for some time but
so far as was seen made no use of and exercised no control over its
extra foot. I am indebted to Mr. Russi for the privilege of examining
this interesting specimen which he has donated to the Salem High School
Museum.
THE SUMMER’S WORK AT SANDUSKY.
The work at the Lake Laboratory at Sandusky the past summer was very
encouraging and indicates a steady growth in this branch of university
work. Aside from a number of instructors and students from the
Departments of Botany and Zoology and Entomology of the University,
there were in attendance representatives of a number of other Ohio
colleges and high schools. Courses in General Zoology, Botany,
Entomology, Invertebrate Morphology, Embryology and Ornithology were
given. Collecting trips to different portions of the bay, the lake
shore, and the country adjacent to the laboratory were productive of
many interesting objects for study, and reports on some of these will
appear in later numbers of the NATURALIST. Special excursions to
Castalia, Lakeside, Kelley’s Island, Put-in-Bay and Green Island were
not only enjoyable, but furnished much of profit in the way of
collections. One of the most appreciated feature was a visit to the U.
S. Fish Commission Hatchery at Put-in-Bay, which furnished an
opportunity to watch the plankton work done on the Shear Water under the
direction of Prof. H. B. Ward.
A series of Friday afternoon lectures on biological problems, with
titles, “Adaptation in Animal Life,” “Aquatic Life,” “Air-breathing
Animals,” “Some Phases of Evolution,” “Some Problems in Applied
Zoology,” “Mimicry and Protective Resemblance in Nature,” were given by
Prof. Osborn, and one on “Natural Selection,” by Prof. Landacre.
THE MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF PLANTS III.
JOHN H. SCHAFFNER.
During the past summer, the plants mentioned below were measured by the
writer in northern Kansas. A number of species grew far beyond the
height mentioned in our manuals, although there was a very severe
drought the entire summer. The height given probably approaches the
maximum in but few cases and a better growing season might produce a
very noticeable increase in size. The measurements are given in
comparison with those of Britton and Brown’s Flora.
Britton. Measured.
Polygonum lapathifolium L. 3 ft. 8 ft.
Polygonum camporum Meisn. 3 6¼
Froelichia floridiana (Nutt.) Moq. 4 5
Chenopodium album L. 10 12½
Anemone virginiana L. (Ohio) 3 3½
Polanisia trachysperma T. & G. 1½ 2¾
Cassia chamaecrista L. 2½ 5⅔
Astragalus carolinianus L. 4 5½
Meibomia illinoensis (Gr.) Ktz. 4 7
Euphorbia dentata Michx. 1¼ 4
Euphorbia hexagona Nutt. 1⅔ 5
Euphorbia nutans Lag. 2 3¼
Ceanothus ovatus Desf. 4
Ammannia coccinea Rottb. 1⅔ 3
Gaura parviflora Dougl. 5 12
Stenosiphon linifolium (Nutt.) Britt. 5 8
Onosmodium molle Michx. 2 2½
Lycopus americanus Muhl. 2 5
Mentha canadensis L. 2½ 3
Mimulus ringens L. 3 3½
Lacinaria punctata (Hook.) Ktz. 2½ 3
Helianthus giganteus L. (Ohio) 12 13
Coreopsis tripteris L. (Ohio) 8 9
Carduus altissimus L. 10 11
THE BIRDS OF CEDAR POINT, SANDUSKY.
R. L. BAIRD.
The following list of birds I observed on Cedar Point within two miles
of its extremity, from July 30th to August 20th, 1901, while a student
at the O. S. U. Lake Laboratory. The list is not so complete as it might
be. I found the birds I did for the most part in short daily visits of
about an hour each, generally in the afternoon. One whole day I spent on
the Point and two half days. With one exception, that of the American
Herring Gull, I think all the species named nest in the neighborhood of
Cedar Point. The list ought to be much extended by going over the part
nearer the mainland. I think at least fifteen or twenty more species
ought to be found there as summer residents.
I rode from Oberlin to Sandusky several times and the additional species
I saw in Erie county I shall add in a list by themselves. The most
noticeable of these were the Bank Swallows. They were in immense flocks
along the road from Sandusky to Huron. Sometimes as many as five hundred
would alight on two lengths of telephone wire.
The Long-billed Marsh Wrens were quite common all the time in the reeds
to the west of the Point. They were not singing, however, after August
5th. The swamps upon the Point supplied many of the shore birds. In a
flock there were generally Bartramian, Pectoral, Spotted and
Semipalmated Sandpipers, Semipalmated Plover, and Killdeers. It was a
common thing during the last week to hear the Coots in the marsh west of
the Point. Pied-billed Grebes were also tolerably common there. The Bald
Eagles were probably a pair which had a nest nearer the mainland. The
American Bittern I quote on the authority of Mr. Field, of Dennison
College.
I use the order of the latest A. O. U. check-list. The following
abbreviations I add after each species: C.—common; Tc.—tolerably common;
Fe.—few; figures indicate the exact number seen.
CEDAR POINT LIST.
6. Pied-billed Grebe, Podilymbus podiceps. Tc.
51_a_. American Herring Gull, Larus argentatus smithsonianus. 1.
70. Common Tern, Sterna hirundo. C.
77. Black Tern, Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis. Fe.
190. American Bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus. Fe.
191. Least Bittern, Ardetta exilis. Fe.
194. Great Blue Heron, Ardea herodias. Tc.
201. Green Heron, Ardea virescens. Tc.
212. Virginia Rail, Rallus virginianus. Tc.
214. Sora, Porzana carolina. Tc.
221. American Coot, Fulica americana. Tc.
228. American Woodcock, Philohela minor. Fe.
239. Pectoral Sandpiper, Tringa maculata. Tc.
246. Semipalmated Sandpiper, Ereunetes pusillus. Fe.
248. Sanderling, Calidris arenaria. Tc.
261. Bartramian Sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda. Tc.
263. Spotted Sandpiper, Actitis macularia. C.
273. Killdeer, Ægialitis vocifera. Fe.
274. Semipalmated Plover, Ægialitis semipalmata. Tc.
289. Bob-white, Colinus virginianus. Fe.
316. Mourning Dove, Zenaidura macroura. Fe.
331. Marsh Hawk, Circus hudsonius. Fe.
333. Cooper’s Hawk, Accipiter cooperi. Fe.
352. Bald Eagle. Haliætus leucocephalus. 2.
364. American Osprey, Pandion haliaetus carolinensis. 1.
387. Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus. Tc.
388. Black-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus erythrophthalmus. Tc.
390. Belted Kingfisher, Ceryle alcyon. Tc.
393. Hairy Woodpecker, Dryobates villosus. Fe.
394_c_. Downy Woodpecker, Dryobates pubescens medianus. Fe.
406. Red-headed Woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus. C.
412_a_. Northern Flicker, Colaptes auratus luteus. Tc.
423. Chimney Swift, Chætura pelagica. C.
428. Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Trochilus colubris. Fe.
444. Kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus. C.
452. Crested Flycatcher, Myiarchus crinitus. Fe.
461. Wood Pewee, Contopus virens. C.
465. Green-crested Flycatcher, Empidonax virescens. Fe.
477. Blue Jay, Cyanocitta cristata. C.
488. American Crow, Corvus americanus. Fe.
494. Bobolink. Dolichonyx oryzivorus. Tc.
495. Cowbird, Molothrus ater. Fe.
498. Red-winged Blackbird, Agelaius phœniceus. C.
506. Orchard Oriole, Icterus spurius. 1.
507. Baltimore Oriole, Icterus galbula. Tc.
511_b_. Bronzed Grackle, Quiscalus quiscula æneus. C.
529. American Goldfinch, Astragalinus tristis. Tc.
563. Field Sparrow, Spizella pusilla. Fe.
581. Song Sparrow, Melospiza melodia. Tc.
587. Towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus. Fe.
593. Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis. Fe.
598. Indigo Bunting, Cyanospiza cyanea. C.
608. Scarlet Tanager, Piranga erythromelas. Fe.
611. Purple Martin, Progne subis. C.
613. Barn Swallow, Hirundo erythrogaster. C.
616. Bank Swallow, Clivicola riparia. C.
619. Cedar Waxwing, Ampelis cedrorum. C.
624. Red-eyed Vireo, Vireo olivaceous. C.
627. Warbling Vireo, Vireo gilvus. Tc.
636. Black and White Warbler, Mniotilta varia. Fe.
652. Yellow Warbler, Dendroica æstiva. C.
681. Maryland Yellow throat, Geothlypis trichas. Tc.
683. Yellow-breasted Chat, Icteria virens. Fe.
687. American Redstart, Setophaga ruticilla. Fe.
704. Catbird, Galeoscoptes carolinensis. Tc.
705. Brown Thrasher, Harporhynchus rufus. Tc.
718. Carolina Wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus. Fe.
725. Long-billed Marsh Wren, Cistothorus palustris. Tc.
727. White-breasted Nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis. Fe.
731. Tufted Titmouse, Parus bicolor. Fe.
735. Chickadee, Parus atricapillus. Fe.
755. Wood Thrush, Hylocichla mustelina. Fe.
756. Wilson’s Thrush, Hylocichla fuscescens. Fe.
761. American Robin, Merula migratoria. Fe.
766. Bluebird, Sialia sialis. Fe.
ADDITIONAL ERIE COUNTY LIST.
360. American Sparrow Hawk, Falco sparverius. Fe.
373. Screech Owl, Megascops asio. Fe.
501. Meadowlark, Sturnella magna. Fe.
540. Vesper Sparrow, Poocætes gramineus. Tc.
546. Grasshopper Sparrow, Ammodramus savannarum passerinus. Fe.
560. Chipping Sparrow, Spizella socialis. Tc.
617. Rough-winged Swallow, Stelgidopteryx serripennis. Tc.
622. Loggerhead Shrike, Lanius ludovicianus. Fe.
721. House Wren, Troglodytes aedon. Tc.
Oberlin, Ohio.
MEETING OF THE BIOLOGICAL CLUB.
The Biological Club met in the Zoological lecture room on the evening of
October 7th, at seven o’clock. Professor Osborn presided over the
meeting.
The minutes of the June meeting were read and approved. The evening was
given to reports on personal work and observations of the summer.
Professor Prosser reported that he had spent part of the summer in
northern Ohio. He visited points along the Cuyahoga and Rocky rivers,
and studied the outcrops of the conglomerate at Boston Ledges, Little
Mountain, Thompson Ledges, Nelson Ledges and at Sharon in Pennsylvania.
Professor Kellerman collected a quantity of material in the Gauley
Mountains of West Virginia, adding a number of plants to the published
list of that state and securing a few that appear to be new to science.
He also collected several hybrid oaks in Ohio, and some specimens of
Cratægus, which Dr. Sargent of the Arnold Arboretum pronounces new
species. A number of species have been added to the published state list
of Ohio.
Professor Mills gave a report of the opening of a prehistoric mound in
Ross County just outside the town of Chillicothe. A number of skeletons
and some very valuable material were obtained for the collections of the
Ohio Archæological and Historical Society.
Professor Schaffner spent the summer in Kansas. He talked interestingly
of a visit he made to the Pottawattamie Indian Reservation, and showed a
series of photographs procured during a short stay among these
interesting people. Scientific investigations were made on several
subjects, among which the following may be mentioned: “The Self-pruning
of Trees;” “The Distribution of Cacti and Ferns in Kansas;” “The Maximum
Height of Plants;” and “The Timber Conditions of Kansas.”
Professor Landacre gave observations on the cocoon-spinning and
egg-laying of the common garden spider.
Mr. Morse mentioned procuring a water snake with thirty-three young.
Also that the blowing viper, Heterodon platyrhinus, has some peculiar
habits while in confinement. One specimen if teased would go through a
series of contortions and eventually come to rest lying on its back. If
all was quiet then it would soon take up its normal attitude, but if
touched, or someone made a noise it was likely to turn over on its back
again.
Professor Cook spoke regarding the advance of plants in rock-quarries.
Monocotyls and willows are mostly brought in by water, while dicotyls
are more often brought in by wind. The monocotyls are the first to
appear as a usual thing. In the particular quarry in mind sycamores and
willows were the only trees observed.
Mr. Bridwell spent the summer in Kansas, where most of his time was
spent in collecting plants and insects. The dry weather appeared to have
its effect, as collecting was not as good as it had been in former
years.
Professor Osborn showed several photographs of tracks made by various
animals on the sand of the lake beach at Sandusky. Also other
photographs of scientific interest, among which may be mentioned the
fine glacial grooves of Kelly’s Island, and the nest of a red-bird
containing three young.
A proposition to hold the meetings of the club in Orton Hall for the
coming year was accepted.
The November meeting is the annual meeting, at which new officers are
elected, therefore a committee on nominations was appointed. Professors
Schaffner, Prosser and Landacre were appointed by the chair.
JAMES S. HINE, _Secretary_.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in
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2. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed.
3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.
4. Enclosed bold font in =equals=.
5. Denoted superscripts by a caret before a single superscript
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*** End of this Doctrine Publishing Corporation Digital Book "The Ohio Naturalist, Vol. II, No. 1, November, 1901" ***