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Title: Microscopes and Accessory Apparatus - Catalogue No. 40
Author: Leitz, Ernst
Language: English
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CATALOGUE No. 40.
MICROSCOPES
AND
ACCESSORY APPARATUS.
ERNST LEITZ
WETZLAR
GERMANY.
Founded in 1850.
Branch Offices:
NEW-YORK: CHICAGO: BERLIN NW.
411 West 59th Str. 32-38 Clark Str. 45 Luisenstrasse.
30 East 18th Street.
1903.
=„Highest award“= Worlds Columbian Exhibition =Chicago 1893=.
Contents.
New constructions 5
Objectives and Eye-pieces 7
Stands 16
Illuminating Apparatus 20
Complete Microscope Outfits 24
Microscopes for Mineralogical Research 57
Dissecting Microscopes and Lupes 62
Apparatus for Blood Examinations 70
Micrometers 73
Drawing Apparatus 74
Mechanical Stages 78
Photo-micrographic Apparatus 82
Projection Apparatus (Edinger) 84
The Large Projection Apparatus 87
Microtomes 92
Miscellaneous Accessories 99
Publications 104
Index 105
Notice.
All previous editions of this catalogue are superceded by the present
one, which should be exclusively used in ordering.
Orders will be filled at once after their receipt.
In ordering care should be taken to give the =number= of each article
desired and to state listprice.
To avoid delay and misunderstandings, we request that name and address
be plainly written.
Goods are forwarded at the expense and risk of the purchaser.
Our instruments for use in =Universities, Colleges, Schools= &c. of the
=United States= are by law free of duty and we shall be pleased to make
specially low quotations for such orders.
ERNST LEITZ.
New Constructions.
Since issueing our last catalogue, a number of new apparatus and
accessories have been added. The following are the more important ones:
1. A completely =new stand "A"= with extra fine micrometerscrew
transmitting its movement directly to the tube. The stand is of elegant
appearance and large dimensions, making it especially well adapted for
work in photo-micrography.
2. =Stand I= is now fitted out with the new special fine adjustment (each
division {1/1000} mm).
3. =Stand II= with round centering stage.
4. =Stand IV= is replaced by a model of larger size.
5. =Photo-micrographic apparatus= for use in horizontal and vertical
position, having joint for inclination, large size bellows and
plateholder.
6. =Large projection-apparatus= for electric lamp of 30 Ampère with triple
collecting lens of 210 mm aperture.
7. =Objective 1 a= with adjustable mounting and changeable magnification.
It is an excellent objective of low power for general purposes, having a
comparatively short working distance.
8. =Objective 1 b= with changeable magnification of lowest power, as far
down as two diameters. It serves for drawing extended sections and
specimens.
9. =Saccharimeter after Mitcherlich= improved form.
10. =Trichinoscope=, projection-apparatus of strong and simple
construction.
=Preface.=
Our American Branch house in New-York under the management of Mr. Wm.
Krafft has now been established for over 10 years. This period has
witnessed a gradual development of our business in the United States,
making it necessary to establish some years ago a Western Branch in
Chicago of which Mr. R. Gibson has charge.
The cordial reception our firm received has been most gratifying and we
take this opportunity to thank our many patrons for their kind
consideration.
It is our aim to co-operate with the scientists and construct new
apparatus to meet their needs or improve others wherever this is
possible.
The foregoing list of additions and improvements made since issueing our
last catalogue is proof that we spare no time nor labor to hold pace
with the increased wants of modern times.
We have now manufactured and sold over 71000 compound microscopes and
31000 oil immersion objectives, a large number of which are used in the
laboratories of Universities, Colleges, and other Educational
Institutions of the United States.
We are prepared at New-York and Chicago to repair our instruments or
make alterations at short notice and at lowest prices. The optical part
of a microscope should invariably be sent to the maker, as he is best in
a position to repair same and has an added interest to bring a lens back
to its original quality or even improve it.
Microscopes, bacteriological apparatus and all other scientific
instruments or preparations expressly imported for use in educational
institutions are exempt from duty.
Catalogues may be had on application by addressing:
=ERNST LEITZ,=
NEW-YORK CHICAGO
411 West 59th Street 32 Clark, Cor. Lake Street.
=Objectives and Eye-pieces.=
In the manufacture of our objectives only such glass is employed as has
been subjected to the most rigid scientific tests. By these the exact
index of refraction and the exact degree of dispersion of the glass are
determined, and with these data available it is possible to very
perfectly correct both spherical and chromatic aberrations while still
making use of wide angular apertures in the objectives.
The precise mathematical calculation, combined with accurate
systematical working and testing methods, make it possible for us to
guarantee our objectives to be all of equal and excellent quality.
Every objective before leaving our hands, is subjected to the most
careful test, and only such lenses as are of the highest grade, are sent
out.
For the past seventeen years we have used glasses manufactured by Schott
& Co. of Jena. This glass has many points to recommend it for the
construction of optical instruments, and only such kinds are employed by
us, which have for many years been thoroughly tested as to their
durability.
Our lenses are therefore absolutely permanent. Objectives of the earlier
type which have become cloudy, we shall gladly repair.
[Illustration]
The three illustrations given above afford an idea of the plan of
construction of our achromatic objectives.
The first figure represents the plan of our low power objectives, and it
will be noted that they consist of two doublets, or triplets each
carefully corrected.
The central figure shows the construction of our high power dry
objectives. A hemispherical front lens is combined with two doublets or
sometimes triplets. The front lens is the chief magnifier of the
combination, while the other lenses serve to correct the various
aberrations.
The Oil-immersion, represented by the last illustration consists of a
front lens, hemispherical, behind which is a meniscus, which is in turn
followed by a doublet and a triplet, these latter acting as the
correcting lenses of the combination.
We manufacture both =Achromatic= and =Apochromatic objectives=. They differ
in that the glasses made use of in the apochromatics and the manner in
which they are combined permit a more perfect correction of chromatic
aberration. This advantage is not gained without a certain sacrifice of
simplicity in construction; by avoiding the use of flint glass having a
high refractive index and substituting materials to take the place of
crownglass. The apochromatics as a matter of fact do resolve the fine
markings of test objects (butterfly scales and diatomes) somewhat more
clearly than the achromatics, but the difference is slight and in
ordinary stained microscope preparations is hardly detectable.
The correction of both achromatics and apochromatics is complete. The
ordinary Huyghenian eye-pieces are consequently well adapted for use
with the objectives of either construction. Only with the highest powers
is it desirable to make use of the so-called "compensation" eye-pieces.
The achromatics and Huyghenian eye-pieces are also well adapted to the
requirements of photomicrography, special objectives being unnecessary
for this purpose. This statement is substantiated by the excellent
results obtained with our achromatic objectives, as shown in the
photomicrographs accompanying our brochure on
Photomicrography:--"Anleitung zur Mikrophotographie".
In making use of the higher power objectives--from No. 5 on--it should
be remembered, that the lenses are corrected for cover glasses of 0,17
mm in thickness and for a microscope tube-length of 170 mm. When using
the oil-immersion objectives it is particularly desirable, that this
exact tube length should be employed. With a view to facilitate the
adjustment of the tube-length the draw tubes of all our larger stands
are graduated in millimeters, the scale indicating the exact length of
the microscope tube in any given position of the draw tube. In this
connection it should be remembered, that the width of the collar of the
nose-pieces is 15 millimeters, and that consequently, when a nose-piece
is attached to the tube the reading of the draw tube scale should be 155
mm instead of 170 when the adjustment is proper.
[Illustration: Figure comparative merits of the dry and immersion
systems.]
The above sketch may serve to make clear the advantages of the immersion
objectives over those of the dry series. It is intended to represent
diagrammatically a section through a cover-glass and the front lens of
an objective, one half of the figure representing the conditions present
in the case of the Oil-immersion, the other those which are present in
the dry objectives. It will be noticed that by the interposition of a
drop of oil of the same index of refraction as the glass between the
cover-glass and the objective the refraction which occurs in the dry
system when the light leaves the upper surface of the cover-glass is
done away with. Since this second refraction is attended with much loss
of light it must be evident, that in the immersion system a much greater
quantity of light enters the objective than is possible, other things
being equal, in objectives of the dry system.
If we let _u_ represent one half the angular aperture of an objective,
represented in the diagram by _D'BN_ in the case of the immersion, and
_n_ the index of refraction of the medium interposed between the
cover-glass and the objective we have in the formula _n_ sin. _u_ a
mathematical expression of the optic power of the various systems of
lenses, or in other words for what is designated the numerical aperture.
The following table gives the numerical apertures of objectives of the
various systems and of various angular apertures. In the dry system
_n._, representing the index of refraction of air is taken as 1.00; in
the immersion systems _n_ equals 1.33 for water, 1.52 for cedar oil and
1.66 for monobromnaphthalin. A glance at the table will suffice to show
the great advantage which the immersion objectives have over those of
the dry series.
--------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----
Angular |10° |20° |30° |40° |50° |60° |70° |80° |90° |100°|110°|120°|130°|140°
aperture 2 _u_| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
=Numerical apertures.=
--------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----
Dry series |0,09|0,18|0,26|0,34|0,42|0,50|0,57|0,64|0,71|0,77|0,82|0,87|0,91|0,94
_n_ = 1,00 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
--------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----
Water- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Immersion |0,12|0,24|0,35|0,46|0,56|0,66|0,76|0,85|0,94|1,02|1,09|1,15|1,20|1,25
_n_ = 1,33 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
--------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----
Homogeneous | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Oil-Immersion |0,14|0,26|0,40|0,52|0,64|0,76|0,87|0,98|1,07|1,16|1,24|1,32|1,38|1,43
_n_ = 1,52 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
--------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----
Monobromide of| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Naphthaline- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Immersion |0,15|0,29|0,43|0,57|0,70|0,83|0,95|1,07|1,17|1,27|1,36|1,44|1,50|1,56
_n_ = 1,66 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
[Illustration: Photographic objectives with iris diaphragms, f/3.5]
----------------+----+----+----+----
Focal length mm | 64 | 42 | 35 | 24
----------------+----+----+----+----
Price $ | 20 | 18 | 18 | 18
----------------+----+----+----+----
=Objective 1b.=
It is designed principally for drawing extended sections and large
specimens, and consists of two adjustable doublets. By varying their
distance, a changeable magnification down to two diameters may be
obtained.
Price $ 8.--
=Huyghenian Eye-pieces.=
----------------+------+------+------+-------+------+------
Number | 0 | I | II | III | IV | V
----------------+------+------+----------------------------
Focal length mm | 50 | 40 | 35 | 30 | 25 | 20
----------------+------+------+----------------------------
Price of each eyepiece $ 2.00.
The objectives designed for the Edinger apparatus of 64, 42, 35, and 24
mm focal distance have been found to be very useful for a number of
purposes and have come into great favor.
(see. Dr. Kaiserling: Praktikum der wissenschaftlichen Photographie p.
263).
=Achromatic Objectives.=
=============================================================================
| |Numerical | Micrometer | Price
No. of Objective|Focal length |Aperture | Values | $
| |(num. aper.)| |
————————————————+——————————————+————————————+————————————————+———————————————
Low power { 1*|44 mm (1-3/4")| 0,09 | 0,054 mm = 54µ | =3.25=[1]
Dry { 1 |44 mm (1-3/4")| 0,09 | 0,054 mm = 54µ | =6=
Series { 1a| 39-27 mm | 0,06--0,10 | 50--26µ | =10= (adjustable
| | | | mounting)
{ 2 |30 mm (1-1/4")| 0,14 | 0,028 mm = 28µ | =6=
{ 3 |18 mm (3/4) | 0,28 | 0,015 mm = 16µ | =6=
{ 4 | 8 mm (1/3) | 0,55 | 0,009 mm = 9µ | =10=
————————+——————————————+————————————+————————————————+———————————————
High power { 5 |5,8 mm (1/4") | 0,77 |0,0045 mm = 4,5µ| =10=
{ 6 |4,4 mm (1/6") | 0,82 |0,0034 mm = 3,5µ| =12=
(Fluorite) { 6a|4,4 mm (1/6") | 0,82 |0,0034 mm = 3,5µ| =16=[2]
{ 7 |3,2 mm (1/8") | 0,85 |0,0026 mm = 2,6µ| =12=
(Fluorite) { 7a|3,2 mm (1/8") | 0,85 |0,0026 mm = 2,6µ| =16=[2]
" { 8 |2,5 mm (1/10")| 0,87 |0,0020 mm = 2,0µ| =16=
" { 9 |2,2 mm (1/12")| 0,87 |0,0017 mm = 1,7µ| =24=
————————+——————————————+————————————+————————————————+———————————————
Water- | | | |
Immersion 10|2,2 mm (1/12")| 1,10 |0,0017 mm = 1,7µ| =26=
————————+——————————————+————————————+————————————————+———————————————
Homogeneous{1/10|2,5 mm (1/10")| 1,30 |0,0022 mm = 2,2µ| =30=
Oil- {1/12|2,1 mm (1/12")| 1,30 |0,0017 mm = 1,7µ| =40=
Immersion {1/16|1,7 mm (1/16")| 1,30 |0,0014 mm = 1,4µ| =60=
=============================================================================
[Footnote 1: Objective 1* consists of only one doublet, carefully
corrected. It is sufficient for many purposes, though it does not
possess the same brilliancy of field as the No. 1 objective.]
[Footnote 2: The objectives 6a. and 7a. are better corrected in
achromatism than the regular No. 6 and 7.]
=Magnification=
of the Achromatic and Apochromatic Objectives in combination with the
Huyghenian Eye-pieces.
Tube-length 170 mm. Distance of image 250 mm.
============================================================================
| Eye-pieces |
Objectives |-----------------------------------| Objectives
| 0 | I | II | III | IV | V |
—————————————————————————+—————+—————+—————+—————+—————+—————+——————————————
{ 1* | 12 | 18 | 22 | 26 | 30 | 40 |
{ 1 | 12 | 18 | 22 | 26 | 30 | 40 |
Low Power { 1a | 6-9 | 9-15|11-19|13-21|18-29|24-35|
Objectives { 2 | 25 | 33 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 80 |
{ 3 | 45 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 105 | 130 |
{ 4 | 75 | 100 | 115 | 135 | 180 | 230 |
—————————————————————————+—————+—————+—————+—————+—————+—————|
High Power { 5 | 140 | 180 | 210 | 250 | 325 | 420 |
Objectives { 6 and 6a| 200 | 255 | 300 | 350 | 460 | 600 | Achromatics
(Cover-glass { 7 and 7a| 260 | 335 | 400 | 450 | 600 | 780 |
thickness { 8 | 300 | 400 | 450 | 550 | 700 | 940 |
0,17 mm) { 9 | 380 | 500 | 575 | 700 | 900 |1150 |
—————————————————————————+—————+—————+—————+—————+—————+—————|
Water-Immersion { 10 | 405 | 535 | 610 | 745 | 950 |1200 |
—————————————————————————+—————+—————+—————+—————+—————+—————|
Homogeneous { 1/10 | 310 | 415 | 470 | 575 | 730 | 940 |
Oil-Immersion { 1/12 | 435 | 555 | 650 | 800 |1000 |1300 |
{ 1/16 | 520 | 700 | 800 | 950 |1250 |1680 |
—————————————————————————+—————+—————+—————+—————+—————+—————+——————————————
Dry { 16 | 45 | 60 | 70 | 85 | 110 | 140 |
Lenses { 8 | 95 | 125 | 145 | 170 | 225 | 295 | Apochromatics
{ 4 | 210 | 270 | 315 | 375 | 500 | 635 |
—————————————————————————+—————+—————+—————+—————+—————+—————|
Oil-Immersion 2 | 390 | 510 | 585 | 705 | 920 |1180 |
============================================================================
=Apochromatic Objectives.=
==================================================================
Objectives |Focal length|Numerical|Micrometer| Price
| mm | Aperture| Values | $
———————————————————————+————————————+—————————+——————————+————————
{ 16 | 16 | 0,30 | 0,015 mm | =24=
Dry Series { 8 | 8 | 0,65 | 0,007 mm | =32=
{ 4 | 4 | 0,95 | 0,003 mm | =48=
| | | |with correction
| | | | collar
———————————————————————+————————————+—————————+——————————+————————
Homogeneous { 2 | 2 | 1,30 | 0,002 mm | =100=
Oil-Immersion { | | | |
———————————————————————+————————————+—————————+——————————+————————
Compensation Eye-pieces.
for Apochromatic Objectives.
=================================================
Eye-pieces | 4 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 18
--------------+------+------+------+------+------
Price $ |=6.50=|=6.50=| =10= | =10= | =8=
=================================================
Compensation Eye-piece 6 with micrometer =$8.50=
=Magnification=
of the Apochromatic Objectives in combination with the Compensation
Eye-pieces.
==================================================
| Eye-pieces
Objectives |-----+-----+-----+-----+-----
| 4 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 18
--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----
{ 16 | 70 | 100 | 125 | 155 | 225
Dry Series { 8 | 140 | 200 | 260 | 325 | 465
{ 4 | 300 | 430 | 550 | 675 |1000
--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----
Oil-Immersion 2 | 575 | 820 |1080 |1500 |2250
==================================================
[Illustration: Double revolving Eye-piece.]
Until very recently we have manufactured no arrangement for changing
oculars on the microscope. This was due in part to the fact that there
was no great demand for such an accessory and in part to the clumsiness
of all those revolving eye-pieces which changed the entire ocular. The
latter of these difficulties has been overcome in our present revolving
eye-piece by such an adjustment of the collecting or lower lens of the
eye-piece that it may remain permanently in position, the eye lens of
the combination alone moving in the revolver. So accurate is the
construction of the revolver and so carefully are the lenses adjusted
that the eye-pieces may be changed while a specimen is in focus on the
microscope stage without a readjustment of the focus.
The revolving eye-piece is also particularly well adapted to use as a
micrometer ocular, for when the eye lens is turned aside a micrometer
scale may be inserted and rests upon the diaphragm of the eye-piece.
Once adjusted in this way the micrometer values are the same for all the
eye lenses of the combination.
$
Prices: =Double revolving Eye-piece=, without eye lenses =4.--=
Each eye lens =1.25=
=Eye-piece Micrometer=, No. 86 =2.--=
=Stands.=
For the past thirty years division of labor has been employed to the
utmost possible extent in the manufacture of our microscopes. This
principle has been applied to our machinery as well as to our workmen,
with the result that we have gradually accumulated a large plant of
special machinery of the most accurate construction, each machine
especially adapted to the manufacture of some particular part of our
microscopes. By this development of mechanical appliances for microscope
manufacture two ends have been attained:--The greatest accuracy and
uniformity of construction of our microscopes has been made possible,
while at the same time it has been possible to cheapen the cost of
manufacture. Instruments which are the product of delicate machinery
must always be more uniform, more accurate and should be less costly
than those manufactured by hand.
In the following remarks we refer more particularly to the larger
microscope stands of our manufacture and draw attention to those
parts which should be present in every well equipped microscope.
The elements of these microscopes are:
1. =The foot and upright support with joint for inclination=,
2. =The stage=,
3. =The sub-stage, with condenser, iris diaphragm and mirror=,
4. =The body with the adjustments=,
5. =The tube, carrying eye-piece, nose-piece and objectives=.
1. =The foot and upright support= are solid and are of such weight and
shape as to permit inclination of the body of the microscope to a
horizontal position. The foot is horse-shoe shaped and is made to touch
the table at three points, thus insuring stability even on a surface
which is not entirely level. Inclination of the body of the microscope
is permitted by a joint in the upright, which joint may be fastened in
the larger stands by a set-screw operated by a lever. Stands Ia and IIb
are also made with the English foot. Abundant space is left under the
stage for the various attachments of the sub-stage.
2. =The stage= of Stands A, I, Ia and II is round, revolving and
centering. The centering arrangement consists of two small thumb-screws
so situated at the sides of the stage as to control motion of the stage
in all directions, thus to a limited extent serving the purpose of a
mechanical stage.
=The other microscope= stands have square immovable stages, sufficiently
large for general microscopic work. For the examination of very large
sections two instruments are manufactured: the _Nebelthau_ sliding
microscope (p. 50) and the stand after _Dölken_ (p. 52). The former is
for magnifications up to 120 diam, whereas the latter can be used with
any magnification.
3. =The sub-stage= carries a plane and concave mirror, the condenser and
the diaphragm for regulating the illumination of the object.
=The Condenser= is so adjusted as to concentrate the rays of light about 2
mm above its surface, which is the average thickness of the microscopic
slides, under an angle equal to the angular aperture of the highest
power objective, which is about 120°.
In the lower power objectives the angular aperture is to be reduced by
the iris diaphragm.
To focus the Condenser properly it is adjustable by rack and pinion
movement on Stands A, I, Ia, Ib, and by side screw on Stands II and IIa.
4. =The body= of the microscope carries the tube and is fitted with two
adjustments for focussing; a coarse adjustment and a fine adjustment.
The smooth working of these adjustments is one of the chief requirements
of a good microscope.
=The coarse adjustment= consists of rack and pinion and moves the tube of
the microscope in a vertical groove with the least possible friction.
The teeth of the rack and pinion are set obliquely to the axis of the
tube and are so adjusted that two teeth of each are always interlocked,
thus avoiding all possibility of slipping or loss of motion in the
movement.
[Illustration: Figure of the Micrometer-screw of the fine adjustment.]
=The fine adjustment= consists of a micrometer screw which moves the tube
and arm of the microscope supporting the coarse adjustment vertically
upon a triangular column. This column is virtually a continuation upward
of the upright support of the base of the microscope. Around the column
is a broad collar so accurately fitted that it moves smoothly upon it
with a minimum of friction and still without lateral motion, the
movement being controlled by means of a micrometer screw at the top of
the column. The head of this micrometer screw, a section of which is
shown in the accompanying figure, is milled and is graduated in such a
way as to indicate the exact degree of motion of the microscope tube
which is accomplished by turning the micrometer screw, each division of
the graduation corresponding to a motion of the tube through 1/100
millimeter, and a complete revolution of the screw corresponding to a
motion of the tube through ½ millimeter. The accuracy of this adjustment
and the smoothness of its motion must be conceded to be a triumph of
mechanical skill.
=Stands A.= and =I.= are fitted with a =new fine adjustment= device (one
division on the micrometer screw corresponding to 1/1000 mm.) which is
fully described on pages 25-26.
5. =The tube= of the microscope encloses a second tube, or draw-tube,
which latter carries the eye-piece, and is so graduated as to indicate
the exact length of tube in use at any time. The lower end of the tube
has a thread into which the various objectives or a nose-piece screw.
Tube and objectives are provided with the so-called "Society screw".
=The nose-piece= has now become an almost indispensable part of a working
microscope. It can, however, be used to best advantage only on such
stands as are provided with a coarse adjustment by rack and pinion.
Aside from the advantage derived from the rapid changing of objectives,
which it permits, it is so accurately made and centered as to materially
facilitate the focussing of the various objectives. It is only necessary
to focus with the fine adjustment to obtain a view of the same
microscope field which had been under observation before the change was
made.
As it is necessary for this purpose that the objectives should be
accurately adjusted to the nose-piece, it is very desirable that in
ordering an instrument its nose-piece should be ordered at the same time
if one is to be used, as subsequent ordering may necessitate the return
of the stand and objectives to us.
=Stands A, I, Ia, Ib, II, IIa, IIb and III= are those which are best
suited to fine microscopical investigations. Among them the physician
and bacteriologist will find an instrument entirely suited to his
particular needs.
=Stand III= is now provided with rack and pinion adjustment.
=Stands IV and V= are small instruments, which serve nevertheless many
purposes where the more elaborate outfits are unnecessary. They make
excellent laboratory stands for elementary courses in microscopy.
In =Stands IV and V= the coarse adjustment is by means of sliding tube.
They are all provided with fine adjustment by micrometer screw.
=Stand VI= is provided with rack and pinion adjustment only. It has a
large stage, and is particularly intended for searching for trichinae
and for similar examinations where a very strong durable stand is
desired and where the use of high power objectives is unnecessary. It
may also be useful as an auxiliary stand for purposes of demonstration
in laboratories.
=Stands III, IV, V, VI= have no joint for inclining the body.
=Stands A, I, Ia, Ib, II, IIa, IIb, III, IV= have mahogany cases (provided
with a nickelled handle), in which the microscopes stand.
=Stands V and VI= are laid in mahogany boxes.
These cases are furnished with the microscopes without extra charge,
when a =complete outfit=, including oculars and objectives is purchased.
Object clamps and test objects accompany every microscope.
The objectives to Stands A, I, Ia, Ib, II, IIa, IIb are in brass boxes;
those for Stands III, IV, V and VI are in morocco cases.
=Illuminating Apparatus.=
=a. Illuminating Apparatus of Stands A and I.=
The apparatus includes the following parts:
Cylinder iris diaphragm.
Swing-out condenser.
Diaphragm carrier with iris diaphragm.
Plane and concave mirror.
The cylinder iris diaphragm comes into play when the condenser
is swung out of position. To do this the diaphragm carrier is
turned to the side as shown in the diagram, a small knob is
pressed, which liberates the condenser, and the latter is
swung out to the side.
The regulation of the cylinder iris diaphragm is accomplished
by means of a lever. Before the condenser is swung back into
position the cylinder iris should be opened to its fullest
extent. The lower iris diaphragm is for use in connection with
the condenser only. It is regulated by means of a small knob.
A horizontal rack and pinion arrangement permits oblique
illumination, and a vertical rack and pinion permits
adjustment of the whole sub-stage. By these means a most
perfect control of the illumination of the object is assured.
Ground or colored glass discs may be inserted above the iris
diaphragm if modification of the light is desired. =$30.--=
_This illuminating apparatus may also be fitted to Stands Ia and Ib._
[Illustration: Abbe's Illuminating Apparatus for Stand A and I.
Swing-out Condenser.
Cylinder Iris Diaphragm.]
=b. Illuminating Apparatus of Stands Ia and Ib= (p. 30, 32, 34).
[Illustration]
The following are the parts of this apparatus:
Cylinder diaphragm with 3 stops of different apertures.
Condenser.
Diaphragm carrier with iris diaphragm.
Plane and concave mirror.
To substitute the condenser for the cylinder diaphragm the
diaphragm carrier is turned to the side and the cylinder
diaphragm is drawn out of the sleeve which holds it in
position and into which the condenser readily fits. The
diaphragm carrier is then turned back into position and the
amount of light regulated by manipulating the knob controlling
the size of the iris. The whole sub-stage may be raised or
lowered in the optical axis by means of a rack and pinion, and
a similar arrangement permits lateral illumination by moving
the iris diaphragm in the horizontal plane.
Ground glass and colored plates may be inserted above the iris
diaphragm. =$24.--=
=c. Illuminating Apparatus for Stand II and IIa= (p. 36 & 38).
The condenser and iris diaphragm form one piece, giving
central but no oblique illumination. The whole apparatus may
be raised and lowered in the optical axis by means of a screw.
The cylinder diaphragm may be inserted in place of the
condenser. A ring below the iris diaphragm permits the
insertion of glass discs for the purpose of modifying the
light. =$12.--=
=d. Illuminating apparatus for Stand IIb= (p. 40).
The same as for II and IIa fitted in a fixed sleeve; without
the side-screw. =$10.--=
=e. Small Illuminating Apparatus.=
[Illustration: Small Illuminating Apparatus.]
The small illuminating apparatus consists of a somewhat
smaller condenser with iris diaphragm and can be adjusted to
the Stand IV, when it has the cylinder diaphragm. =$8.--=
[Illustration: Cylinder iris diaphragm.]
A cylinder iris diaphragm can be furnished in place of the
ordinary cylinder diaphragm of Stand II, IIa and IIb at an
additional cost of =$6.--=
[Illustration: Iris diaphragm fitted to stage of stand III.]
Stand III can be had with iris diaphragm fitted in stage, in
place of the wheel diaphragm (see page 43) Additional price =$6.--=
=_Complete Microscope Outfits._=
The outfits comprised in the following pages are made up with achromatic
objectives, which suffice for all ordinary needs.
We are glad to supply any other combination of eye-pieces and objectives
which may be preferred. The price of each outfit may be readily computed
by adding together the cost of its various items.
Microscope =stands=, without objectives, will not be sold separately.
[Illustration: Stand A.--Universal Microscope.]
=Stand "A".=
Universal Microscope.
In the construction of our new stand "A" we have taken special care to
enlarge all the parts proportionately in order to secure strength and
stability, at the same time adding to the beauty of the instrument.
The upper pillar of the microscope is shaped in such a way as to form a
convenient handle; and to increase the free working space over the
stage, thereby allowing the examination of very large specimen and
culture plates. A specially constructed mechanical stage larger than No.
98 may be attached, which is adapted for slides up to 2×4 inches (50×100
mm).
The extra large dimensions of all the main parts of this microscope such
as the base and stage etc., allow that freedom of movement so desired in
a stand for photo-micrography.
Both the body tube and graduated draw tube are very wide and permit the
use of low power objectives to cover specimen of large extent; for the
same reason the opening in the stage is very wide but can be narrowed
down by a stop.
The most important innovation on the microscope is the new fine
adjustment device, which is unexcelled both in solidity of construction
and accuracy of movement, representing the highest attainment of the
designers and mechanics skill.
Sectional cuts of this unique arrangement are shown in illustration (p.
26-27).
All that can be seen on the exterior are two small milled heads mounted
below and somewhat back of the two larger knobs controlling the rack and
pinion (coarse) adjustment of the microscope. The knob on the right side
is provided with a graduated drum _r_, indicating the movement of the
fine adjustment.
The two knobs with drum are mounted on an axle _a_, which in its central
portion is enlarged and provided with a worm gear. The latter in its
turn drives the gear wheel, _d_. A spiral spring pressing against one of
the journals into which the axle is mounted prevents any lost motion in
the worm gear. Mounted on the same shaft with the gear-wheel _d_, is a
heartshaped cam _f_. On this cam rests the steel roller _g_, fitted on
the support _k_, which in its turn carries the microscope tube. By its
weight and a spiral spring the latter presses on the cam _f_, and
effects a direct vertical movement.
[Illustration]
The periphery of the heart shaped cam _f_, is exactly symmetrical and
mathematically correct. The distance traversed by its curved sides from
the lowest to the highest point and vice versa is 3 mm. There are cut 60
teeth in the entire periphery of the gear-wheel _d_; the number
corresponding to one side of the heart-shaped cam or 3 mm elevation, are
30 teeth, therefore 1 tooth means a movement of 3/30 mm or 0,1 mm.
This in turn requires one complete revolution of the axle _a_, the drum
of which is graduated into 100 parts. The value of each division on the
drum is therefore 0,1/100=0,001 mm.
This micrometer fine adjustment is exceedingly accurate and reliable,
and besides it has the following advantages;
By virtue of its unique construction the movement is continuous, there
is absolutely no limit to the motion of the micrometer screw, which may
be turned forward or backward as the work requires.
This movement extends in exact ratio to the revolution of the cam for a
distance of 3 mm. As another advantage we may mention, that it is almost
impossible to break the coverglass of the specimen with this fine
adjustment.
Should the objective come in contact with the coverglass and assuming
the knob is turned still further then the tube, which is of aluminium
and very light would simply rest on the specimen, without breaking the
coverglass, as the latter will easily stand the small pressure of the
tube and the fine spiral spring.
[Illustration]
No. $
1. New microscope stand "A" inclinable with hinged joint
and clamping lever, fitted with round revolving
centering stage, coarse adjustment by rack and pinion,
new fine adjustment by micrometer-screw (each division
1/1000 mm.) Wide tube, draw tube with millimeter scale.
Large illuminating apparatus with swing-out condenser
and cylinder-iris diaphragm =120.--=
Apochr. 16, 8, 4, oil-imm. 2 mm. N. A. 1,30 =204.--=
Compens. ocular 4, 8, 12, 18 =34.50=
Compens. ocular No. 6 with micrometer and drawing
ocular No. 93 =18.50=
Large mechanical stage No. 99, for object slides
up to 2×4 inches =32.--=
Triple nose-piece =8.--=
——————
Magnif. 70—2250. =417.--=
2. The same stand and illum. apparatus;
Object.: 2, 4, 6, oil-imm. 1/12, N. A. 1,30
Ocul. 0. I. III. IV. V. microm. ocul. II.
Triple nosepiece =210.--=
[Illustration: Stand I.]
Stand I.
3. =Large microscope=, inclinable, with hinged joint and
clamping lever and fitted with round revolving centering
stage. Coarse adjustment by rack and pinion, new fine
adjustment by micrometer-screw, the head of which is
graduated each division = 1/1000 mm. Draw-tube with (see
page 25-26) millimetre scale. Large illuminating
apparatus with swing-out condenser and cylinder iris
diaphragm (illustrated on page 21).
Mechanical stage, No. 98.
Triple nose-piece.
Drawing eye-piece, No. 93.
Micrometer eye-piece, No. 84.
Achromatic objectives Nos. 1, 3, 6.
Oil-Immersion 1/12, N. A. 1,30.
Eye-pieces 0, I, III, IV, V.
Magnifications 12—1300 =236.--=
4. =The same= stand and illuminating apparatus.
Triple nose-piece.
Micrometer eye-piece, No. 84.
Drawing eye-piece, No. 93.
Objectives 2, 4, 6, Oil-Immersion 1/12, N. A. 1,30.
Eye-pieces I, III, IV, V.
Magnifications 33-1300 =210.--=
=The stand= and illuminating apparatus without objectives,
oculars and nose-piece =112.--=
[Illustration: Stand Ia.]
=Stand Ia.=
4a. =Large Microscope=, of smaller size than Stand I,
fitted with horseshoe foot. The stand is inclinable and
fitted with revolving centering stage, coarse adjustment
by rack and pinion, fine adjustment by micrometer screw
with scale. Draw-tube with millimetre scale. Large
Illuminating Apparatus (Cf. p. 22, b) with rack and
pinion, and iris-diaphragm with oblique movement. The
cylinder-diaphragm and condenser may be readily
substituted for one another.
Triple nose-piece.
Objectives 2, 4, 6, Oil-Immersion 1/12, N. A. 1,30.
Eye-pieces I, III, IV, V.
Magnifications 33-1300 =160.--=
4b. =The same= with Illuminating Apparatus.
Triple nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 6, Oil-Immersion 1/12, N. A. 1,30.
Eye-pieces I, III, IV.
Magnifications 60-1000 =148.--=
4c. =The same= with Illuminating Apparatus.
Triple nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 6, Oil-Immersion 1/10, N. A. 1,30.
Eye-pieces II and IV.
Magnifications 70-730 =136.--=
=Stand= with Illuminating Apparatus, but without
objectives, eye-pieces and nose-piece =76.--=
=The same= with Illuminating Apparatus, Swing-out
Condenser and Cylinder Iris-diaphragm (p. 20, a) =82.--=
Mechanical stage No. 98 can be fitted to this stand;
price =28.--=
[Illustration: Stand Ia with English foot.]
=Stand Ia=
with English foot.
4d. =Large Microscope= differing from the foregoing (Ia)
stand only in being provided with an English foot, which
makes the stand somewhat steadier and lighter. The
prices and combinations are otherwise the same.
Dr. P. G. Unna of Hamburg uses this microscope in his
laboratory.
The stage revolves and centres. The illuminating
apparatus is that described on p. 22, b.
Triple nose-piece.
Objectives 2, 4, 6, Oil-Immersion 1/12, N. A. 1,30.
Eye-pieces I, III, IV, V.
Magnifications 33—1300 =160.--=
4e. =The same= with the illuminating apparatus.
Triple nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 6, Oil-Immersion 1/12, N. A. 1,30.
Eye-pieces I, III, IV.
Magnifications 60—1000 =148.--=
4f. =The same= with illuminating apparatus.
Triple nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 6, Oil-Immersion 1/10, N. A. 1,30.
Eye-pieces II, IV.
Magnifications 70—730 =136.--=
=The stand= with illuminating apparatus, but without
objectives, oculars and nose-piece =76.--=
=The stand= with swing-out condenser (p. 20, a) =82.--=
Mechanical stage No. 98 can be fitted to this
stand; price =28.--=
[Illustration: Stand Ib.]
=Stand Ib.=
5. =Large Microscope=, which differs from Ia only in the
stage. The stage is fixed and square. The stand is
inclinable and has a hinged joint and clamping lever.
Draw-tube with millimetre scale. Coarse adjustment by
rack and pinion, fine adjustment by micrometer screw
with graduated head. Illuminating Apparatus, same as Ia
(p. 22, b).
Triple nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 6, Oil-Immersion 1/12, N. A. 1,30.
Eye-pieces I, III, IV.
Magnifications 60—1000 =142.--=
6. =The same= with simplified Illuminating Apparatus (p. 22, c).
Triple nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 6, Oil-Immersion 1/10, N. A. 1,30.
Eye-pieces I, III, IV.
Magnifications 60—730 =120.--=
7. =The same= without Illuminating Apparatus, with Cylinder-diaphragm.
Double nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 7.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—450 =74.--=
8. =The same= without Illuminating Apparatus and without
nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 7.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—450 =68.--=
=Stand= without objectives and eye-pieces, without
illuminating apparatus and without nose-piece =46.--=
=Stand= without objectives and eye-pieces, with
illuminating apparatus, without nose-piece =70.--=
=The same= with illuminating apparatus, with swing-out
condenser and cylinder iris-diaphragm (p. 22 a) =76.--=
[Illustration: Stand II.]
=Stand II.=
9a. =Medium Size Microscope=, inclinable, with revolving
centering vulcanite stage, coarse adjustment by rack and
pinion, fine adjustment by micrometer-screw. Draw-tube
with millimetre scale. Illuminating apparatus and iris-
diaphragm with lateral screw for raising and lowering.
A ring under the iris diaphragm serves to hold a ground
glass or colored disc. The illuminating apparatus and
cylinder diaphragm are easily interchangeable.
Triple nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 6, Oil-Immersion 1/12, N. A. 1,30.
Eye-pieces I, III, IV.
Magnifications 60—1000 =126.--=
9b. =The same= with Illuminating Apparatus.
Triple nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 6, Oil-Immersion 1/10, N. A. 1,30.
Eye-pieces II, IV.
Magnifications 70—730 =114.--=
9c. =The same= without Illuminating Apparatus.
Triple nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 6, 8.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—550 =90.--=
9d. =The same= without Illuminating Apparatus.
Double nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 7.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—450 =72.--=
9e. =The same= without Illuminating Apparatus and nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 7.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—450 =66.--=
=Stand= with Illuminating Apparatus and Iris-diaphragm,
without objectives, eye-pieces and nose-piece. =54.--=
=The same stand= with Cylinder Diaphragm =44.--=
=Stand= with illuminating apparatus, swing-out condenser
and cylinder iris diaphragm =60.--=
=Cylinder iris diaphragm= (Cf. p. 23) =6.--=
[Illustration: Stand IIa.]
=Stand IIa.=
9. =Medium Size Microscope=, inclinable, coarse adjustment
by rack and pinion, fine adjustment by micrometer-screw.
Draw-tube with millimetre scale. Illuminating apparatus
and iris-diaphragm with lateral screw for raising and
lowering. A ring under the iris diaphragm serves to
hold a ground glass or colored disc. The illuminating
apparatus and cylinder diaphragm are easily interchangeable.
Triple nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 6, Oil-Immersion 1/12, N. A. 1,30.
Eye-pieces I, III, IV.
Magnifications 60—1000 =120.--=
10. =The same= with Illuminating Apparatus.
Triple nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 6, Oil-Immersion 1/10, N. A. 1,30.
Eye-pieces II, IV.
Magnifications 70—730 =108.--=
11. =The same= without Illuminating-Apparatus.
Triple nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 6, 8.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—550 =84.--=
12. =The same= without Illuminating Apparatus.
Double nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 7.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—450 =66.--=
13. =The same= without Illuminating Apparatus and nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 7.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—450 =60.--=
=Stand= with Illuminating Apparatus and Iris-diaphragm,
without objectives, eye-pieces and nose-piece =48.--=
=The same stand= with Cylinder Diaphragm =38.--=
=Cylinder iris-diaphragm= (Cf. p. 23) =6.--=
[Illustration: Stand IIb.]
=Stand IIb.=
14a. =Medium Size Microscope=, stand inclinable to the extent
of 45°, tripod foot, coarse adjustment by rack and
pinion, fine adjustment by micrometer screw. Draw-tube
with millimetre scale. Illuminating Apparatus and
Iris-diaphragm permanently connected and sliding in a
sleeve underneath the stage. The cylinder-diaphragm
is used in the same manner. A ring below the iris-diaphragm
serves to hold a ground glass or colored disc.
Triple nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 6, Oil-Immersion 1/12, N. A. 1,30.
Eye-pieces I, III, IV.
Magnifications 60—1000 =104.--=
14b. =The same= with Illuminating Apparatus.
Triple nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 6, 8.
Eye-pieces II, IV.
Magnifications 70—700 =78.--=
15a. =The same= without Illuminating Apparatus.
Double nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 7.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—450 =50.--=
15b. =The same= without Illuminating Apparatus and nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 7.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 85—450 =44.--=
=Stand= with Illuminating Apparatus and Iris-diaphragm =32.--=
=Stand= with Cylinder or Wheel-diaphragm =22.--=
=Cylinder iris-diaphragm= (p. 23) =6.--=
For the addition to this microscope of a lateral screw
for raising and lowering the illuminating apparatus as
on Stand IIa, an extra charge of $2.-- is made.
[Illustration: Stand III.]
=Stand III.=
Stand III is now provided with rack and pinion coarse adjustment instead
of sliding tube. In consequence a nose-piece can be used on it to better
advantage. It will be found an excellent laboratory stand at low price.
16a. =Medium Size Microscope=, non-inclinable stand,
coarse adjustment by rack and pinion, fine adjustment by
micrometer-screw. The draw-tube has a millimetre scale.
Plane and concave mirror. Wheel-diaphragm.
Triple nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 6, 8.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—550 =66.--=
16b. =The same= without nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 6, 8.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—550 =58.--=
17a. =The same=, with double nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 7.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—450 =48.--=
17b. =The same= without nose-piece.
Objectives 3, 7.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—450 =42.--=
=Stand= with wheel-diaphragm =20.--=
=This stand= can be supplied with iris diaphragm in
stage (see illustration p. 23) instead of
wheel-diaphragm.
=Stand= with iris diaphragm =26.--=
[Illustration: Stand IV.]
=Stand IV.=
The dimensions of this stand are now larger than formerly. The price has
not been changed.
18. =Small Microscope.= Adjustable by sliding tube and
micrometer-screw. The draw-tube is graduated in
millimeters. Cylinder-diaphragm with sliding sleeve.
Concave and plane mirrors, obliquely adjustable.
Objectives 3, 6, 8.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—550 =52.--=
19. =The same.=
Objectives 3, 7.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60-450 =36.--=
20. =The same= without Cylinder Diaphragm, with Wheel
Diaphragm.
Objectives 3, 5, 7.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—450 =44.--=
21. =The same.=
Objectives 1, 3, 7.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 18—450 =40.--=
22. =The same.=
Objectives 3, 7.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—450 =34.--=
=Stand= with cylinder-diaphragm, without objectives
and eye-pieces =14.--=
=Stand= with wheel-diaphragm, without objectives and
eye-pieces =12.--=
[Illustration: Stand V.]
=Stand V.=
23. =Small Microscope=. Adjustable by sliding tube and
micrometer-screw. Concave mirror.
Objectives 3, 7.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—450 =30.--=
24. =The same.=
Objectives 3, 5.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 60—250 =28.--=
25. =The same.= Plane mirror.
Objectives 1, 3.
Eye-pieces I, III.
Magnifications 18—80 =24.--=
26. =The same.=
Objectives 3.
Eye-pieces I, IV.
Magnifications 60—105 =18.--=
27. =Stand= without objectives and eye-pieces =8.--=
[Illustration: Stand VI.]
28. =Auxiliary Laboratory Stand=, for the examination of
trichinae and for searching plate cultures. Very large
stage (3-1/2×4 inch.). Adjustable by means of a carefully
constructed rack and pinion, rendering it possible to
focus objectives of fairly high power.
=Stand=, without eye-pieces, objectives or case =8.--=
29. This stand fitted with objective 3, eye-pieces 0 and
IV. Magnifications 40 to 100, in mahogany case fitted
with lock =18.--=
29a. =The same stand= fitted with eye-piece II and
objective having separable front lens, yielding a
magnification of 40 and 100 diam =18.--=
=Glass compressor= with graduation =--.80=
=Glass compressor= without graduation, per pair =--.40=
=Demonstration microscope.=
[Illustration: Demonstration microscope with condenser.]
30a. Adapted for low and medium power. Square stage
with wheel-diaphragm.
Adjustment by sliding tube; after being adjusted
the tube may be fixed by a ring clamp. Detachable
handle.
With clip to hold a sketch or label, etc. Stand
without objective and eye-piece. =6.--=
30b. =The same= with objective 3 and eye-piece I,
magnifying 60 times =14.--=
30c. =The same= with adjusting screw for focussing high
power objectives, with condenser and iris-diaphragm,
without objectives and eye-pieces =18.--=
30d. =The same= with objectives 3 and 6 and eye-piece I.
Magnifications 60 and 255 =38.--=
[Illustration: Nebelthau's Sliding Microscope.]
=Nebelthau's Sliding Microscope.=
(Cf. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Mikroskopie, XIII, 1896.)
31. The sliding microscope is an instrument by means of
which very large microscope sections, as, for example,
large sections of the brain, can be systematically
examined. It is also of service in looking over plate
cultures of bacteria.
The microscope is carried on a heavy beam supported
by two stout pillars under which the stage
moves. The various movements are accomplished by
motion of the microscope on a lateral track upon
its support and by motion of the stage on a similar
track at right angles to the first. The motion of the
microscope is by means of a screw, that of the stage
by double rack and pinion. The extent of the movements
is indicated in each case by a scale, thus
permitting the systematic examination of the entire
specimen.
The stage consists of a glass plate, measuring
16×20 cm, which is carried in a frame supported on
four columns. The tracks permit a motion of the
microscope of 18 cm and of the stage of 13,5 cm. A
mirror under the stage affords ample illumination.
The microscope tube is so arranged that it can be
easily removed from the stand and a simple lens substituted
for it. The coarse adjustment of the microscope
is by rack and pinion. A screw above the objective
serves for fine adjustment. The price of this sliding
microscope, without objectives or oculars, but with a
lens holder and simple lens magnifying eight diameters
is =80.--=
=Flat glass dish= of the same size as the stage to hold
very large sections for the purpose of examining them
while in clearing fluid =1.25=
[Illustration: Dölken's Microscope stand.]
32. =Dölken's Stand.= (p. 52) The stand is larger than
Stand No. Ia, but is modified as shown in the cut so as
to permit the examination of unusually large
preparations. It is provided with the illuminating
apparatus b (p. 22) and with all the adjustments
necessary to the use of high powers.
=Stand= and illuminating apparatus, without nose-piece =80.--=
[Illustration: Travelling Microscope No. 33.] $
33. =Travelling Microscope.= This microscope is ready for
use after spreading the foot, drawing out the tube and
setting the mirror and stage in position. It is provided
with all the adjustments of Stand No. V, consisting of
fine adjustment by micrometer-screw, coarse adjustment
by rack and pinion and illuminating apparatus d (p. 22).
The box is arranged so as to accommodate three
objectives and two oculars. It locks, has a handle, and
measures 25×15×7 cm, the whole apparatus weighing 5
pounds.
Price of this microscope with illuminating apparatus,
but without objectives or oculars =32.--=
=The same=, without illuminating apparatus =24.--=
[Illustration: Large Travelling Microscope No. 34.
(Size of mahogany case 28×19×8 cm.)]
This instrument (in size like the Ib.) combines all the essential
features of a large laboratory microscope with a folding stand. It will
be found invaluable on scientific expeditions, for research work etc.
When lifted out of the case, spread the two parts forming the base,
which are then held by a spring-catch. After raising the tube, turn the
stage around and tighten it by means of a lever. It is supplied with
large Abbe condenser and Iris diaphragm adjustable by side screw. Coarse
adjustment by rack and pinion, fine adjustment by micrometer-screw.
Graduated draw-tube. The stand has joint for inclination.
[Illustration: Large travelling microscope No. 34 (set up).]
34. =Stand= with Abbe Condenser and Iris-Diaphragm, double
nose-piece =66.--=
35. =The same=, with objectives 3, 6, Oil-Immersion 1/12",
N. A. 1,30. Eye-pieces I, III. Magnifications 60—800 =128.--=
[Illustration: Horizontal-Microscope.]
36. =Horizontal Microscope.= This instrument consists of
a microscope tube placed horizontally on a long
extensible column, supported in turn by a tripod base
provided with levelling screws and a round spirit level.
The extension of the upright supporting column is
accomplished by two sliding motions, the lower,
controlled by a set screw only, being intended for
coarser adjustments, the upper, controlled by rack and
pinion, for finer adjustments. A millimeter scale and a
vernier serve to indicate the degrees of the various
motions, so that vertical motion of the microscope tube
to the extent of 1/10 mm may be accomplished.
The microscope tube carries a spirit level and revolves
upon a horizontal disc. The objective, consisting of two
separable doublets, permits three degrees of
magnification of 5, 9 and 48 cm focal distance
respectively. A rack and pinion adjustment serves as
adjustment of the microscope tube. A micrometer, 1 cm
long and divided into 100, in the diaphragm of the
ocular still further increases the availability of the
instrument for making fine and accurate measurements.
The instrument serves as a useful aid in many physical
and physiological investigations.
Price, including objective, ocular and micrometer =40.--=
=Microscopes for Mineralogical Research.=
We construct two Microscopes for mineralogical investigations. Both are
adapted for determining the axes of elasticity and for the
differentiation of isotropic and anisotropic bodies. Stand I alone is
adapted for determining the optical axes and their angles.
Only such objectives, condensers and oculars are available for
mineralogical examinations as have been shown after careful examination
in polarized light to be free from polarization.
[Illustration: Mineralogical Stand I.]
=Mineralogical Stand I.=
37. This microscope corresponds in its dimensions to
Stand Ia as described on page 31. Coarse adjustment by
rack and pinion, fine adjustment by micrometer-screw,
the milled head of which has 50 divisions, each
representing a motion of the objective of 1/100 mm. The
condenser, iris-diaphragm and polarizer can be raised
and lowered by rack and pinion. A triple condenser
facilitates the observation of the axial lines in the
microscope. It is so arranged as to be easily replaced
by a simple diaphragm-carrier. By means of a collar
attached to the end of the tube the objective is brought
into coincidence with the centre of the revolving stage.
This revolving stage is divided into 360 degrees and
fitted with a vernier and index. Two scales on the
stage, at right angles to each other, permit accurate
location of specimens. The Nicol prism, which serves as
a polarizer, can, after turning the iris-diaphragm
aside, be drawn out from under the latter. The zero
position of the Nicol prism is indicated by a line, as
well as the angles 90, 180, 270°. The analyser is
mounted in metal and is firmly fixed above the eye-
piece. The analyser rotates on a disc graduated to 360
deg. The front of the tube has a movable window which
provides access to the inner tube. In the latter is an
opening for the introduction of a Bertrand lens. This
lens serves the purpose of magnifying the interference
figures produced by the converging rays of polarized
light. This lens and the eye-piece can be raised or
lowered by rack and pinion. In the analyzer is a slide
for the insertion of gypsum and quartz plates at an
angle of 45 degrees.
In many investigations it is advisable to employ an
analyzer introduced laterally into the tube, instead of
the one mentioned above.
The following parts are supplied to complete the outfit:
Triple nose-piece.
Eye-piece 0, with Bertrand's quartered quartz plate.
Eye-piece I with cross-lines, Brezina's Calcspath-plate,
cleft perpendicularly to its axis, made to fit over
eye-piece I, Klein's gypsum and quartz plates for
insertion in the opening over the objective.
Price of the stand with these accessories =160.--=
38. =The same= with eye-piece III, objectives 1, 3, 5, 7.
1/12 Oil-Immersion, magnifications 18—800 =236.--=
The new mechanical stage No. 98 (See page 78) can be
fitted to the stand for the purpose of investigating
large preparations and serial sections.
Price =28.--=
[Illustration: Mineralogical Stand II.]
=Mineralogical Stand II.=
39. The base and pillar are in one piece, neatly
japanned black. The coarse adjustment is by rack and
pinion.
The stage is revolving and graduated on the edge into
360 degrees. A pointer indicates its position.
The polarizer has stop at zeropoint and also marks at 90°,
180° and 270°. It is held in a spring-sleeve and the
substage can be raised and lowered by lateral screw, or
may be swung to one side. The condenser is mounted in
separate arm above the polarizer and swings out of the
optical axis by means of a lever, if parallel instead of
convergent rays are desired.
The analyzer fits into an opening of the tube above the
objectives and can be instantly thrown in or out of the
optical axis. There is a slot below the analyzer for the
insertion of quartz and gypsum plates.
By means of a collar with two centering screws attached to
the end of the tube, the objective may be brought into the
optical axis.
Price of this microscope with eye-piece I with cross-lines,
Klein's quartz wedge and gypsum plate, red, I. order
=$56.--=
40. =The same= with eye-piece III. and objectives 3 and 5.
Magnifications 60-250 =74.--=
=Dissecting Microscopes and Hand Lenses.=
[Illustration: Large Dissecting Microscope No. 41.]
41. =Large Dissecting Microscope.=
Stand on heavy horse-shoe base, large stage with glass
plate, adjustment by rack and pinion. The lens-carrier
is movable for examining large plates. Illumination by
movable plane mirror and white glass plate. Metal hand-
rests covered with leather may be attached to the sides
of the stage. They fit inside the mahogany case.
A black metal plate with wheel-diaphragm or a milk-
glass-plate can be inserted below the stage, serving as
dark or white back-ground respectively.
Stand without lenses in mahogany case =16.--=
42. =The same= with three aplanatic lenses after
Steinheil, magnifying 8, 16 and 20 diameters =28.--=
43. =The same= with these lenses and Abbe's drawing
apparatus =40.--=
44. =The same stand= with prism-tube No. 49 for erected
image. Objectives 1*, 2, 3, magnifying 18, 40 and 80
diam. =47.25=
[Illustration: Simple Dissecting Microscope No. 45.]
45. =Simple Dissecting Microscope=, with adjustment by
rack and pinion, movable plane mirror and white glass
plate, glass stage in metal frame. Metal hand-rests
covered with leather fit inside the case. Stand without
lenses =8.--=
46. =The same= with two aplanatic lenses after
Steinheil, Magnification 10 and 20 diam. =16.--=
47. =The same stand= with prism-tube No. 49, for erected
image; with objectives 2 and 3, magnifying 40 and 80
diam. =36.--=
[Illustration: Dissecting microscope with erected image after R.
Pfeiffer.]
=The Dissecting microscope with erected image according to Prof. R.
Pfeiffer= has been constructed in such a way that all parts extending on
both sides can be folded or turned, so that the instrument fits in a
very small case.
The base consists of two parts which may be folded. The stage can be
brought in a position vertical to the optical axis and the metal hand
rests laid on top of the stage. They are connected with the latter by
joints. The mirror can also be turned and put parallel to the pillar.
A round glassplate is set in the stage, below which is an iris diaphragm
to properly regulate the illumination.
The adjustment is by rack and pinion.
Two rightangle prisms are mounted inside the tube in such a manner that
the image obtained by the objective is reflected into the eye-piece and
appears erected.
The eye-piece is of the Ramsden form. Three objectives of different
magnifying power with specially long working-distances have been
constructed Nos. 1, 2, 3.
The following table shows the magnification of the
objectives in connection with the eye-piece.
Objective 1 2 3
Magnification 18 40 80 diam.
Working distance 58 mm 18 mm 6 mm
Prices:
48. Folding dissecting microscope, stand only =24.--=
49. Upper part of the microscope, consisting of tube
with prisms, and one eye-piece =16.--=
50. Objectives 1, 2, 3, a $ 6,00 =18.--=
---------
51. Stand with complete outfit =58.--=
The instrument is furnished in a mahogany case with
nickelplated handle, lock and key.
[Illustration: No. 52. No. 53. No. 54.
Lens-holders.]
52. =Lens-holder= on iron foot with moveable arms, the
joints of which may be fixed by thumb-screws, rack and
pinion adjustment--without lens =7.20=
53. =Lens-holder=, nickel-plated stand with attachment
of the collar holding the lens by ball and socket joint =4.--=
54. =Lens-holder= on heavy iron foot, ball and socket
joints, adjustable to any position--without lens =3.25=
55. =Pocket microscope.= The size of an eye-piece, in box =3.25=
56. =Lens= for examining Algae =1.25=
[Illustration: Dissecting Stage No. 57. With Lens No. 71.]
57. =Dissecting Stage= with white glass plate and moveable
lens-holder--without lens =2.--=
58. The same with lens No. 71 =3.25=
[Illustration: Simple Dissecting Microscope No. 58a.]
58a. =Simple Dissecting Microscope=, consisting of a
wood case with plate glass stage, movable plane mirror,
two simple lenses of 4 and 8 times magnification. Price =2.--=
58b. =The same= with metal hand rests, moveable lens-holder
and doublet magnifier No. 71, Price =3.50=
[Illustration: Demonstration lens-holder No. 59. Focussing-lens
Handle No. 61. No. 60.]
59. =Demonstration lens-holder=, consisting of a
hardrubber stage with handle, clamps for holding the
preparation in position, and with a moveable lens-
holder. Without lens =2.40=
60. =Focussing lens= for photographic camera. Lens in
spring-sleeve with clamping ring =4.75=
61. =Handle= with ring for holding lens =1.25=
[Illustration: Steinheil lens No. 63. Steinheil lens No. 66.]
The =aplanatic triplets after Steinheil= are remarkable
for their large, flat field and excellent definition,
free from chromatic aberration.
Diameter Visual field Magnification
62. 24 mm 20 mm 8 diam. =4.--=
63. 15 " 15 " 10 " =4.--=
64. 12 " 12 " 12 " =4.--=
65. 10 " 10 " 16 " =4.--=
66. 6 " 3,5 " 20 " =4.--=
67. 5 " 2 " 30 " =4.--=
68. 3 " 1 " 40 " =4.--=
The =achromatic doublets= have a very large, clear and
flat field.
69. 30 mm 35 mm 5 diam. =4.--=
70. 23 " 20 " 8 " =3.25=
=Doublet magnifier=, consisting of two double convex
lenses.
71. 23 mm 25 mm 6 diam. =1.25=
The doublet No. 69 can only be used as a hand lens. The
mounting of all the other lenses is such that they fit
any of the dissecting stands or lens holders. Aplanatic
triplets 64-68 can only be used on stands with rack and
pinion adjustment.
[Illustration: Doublet No. 70.]
[Illustration: Doublet No. 71.]
[Illustration: Pocket lens No. 72.]
72. The aplanatic lenses Nos. 62-66 are also to be had
with a moveable cover and ring adapting them for use as
pocket lenses.
Price, when thus mounted =4.75=
[Illustration: Binocular Preparation Microscope.]
73. =The Binocular Preparation Microscope=, after the
model of Eilhard Schulze permits the convenient use of
both eyes in dissecting small anatomical and botanical
preparations. It consists of two Brücke lenses, adjusted
to an accurate focus.
Both tubes are moveable on a joint and are adjustable to
various distances between the observers eyes. The
distance of the eye from the preparation is about 250
millimetres; the field of vision is large and flat; the
magnification, four diameters; lenses are adjustable to
either vertical or horizontal position and may be raised
and lowered on the vertical support, thumb-screws fixing
them in the desired position. A rack and pinion serves
as fine adjustment =24.--=
[Illustration: Greenough's Binocular Microscope.]
74. =Greenough's Stereoscopic Binocular Microscope.=
Two microscope tubes are so arranged as to bring the
same object into focus in the axis of each tube, the
tubes being set at an angle to each other for this
purpose. The stand is provided with rack and pinion
adjustment and both draw-tubes are also regulated by a
rack and pinion arrangement, so that they may be adapted
to the correct distance of the observers eyes.
By interposition of prisms the image is rendered erect.
Magnification, 20 diam. Price =80.--=
74a. =Corneal-Microscope=, is designed for the examination of
the interior of the eye.
=Prismtube= No. 49 with eye-piece =16.--=
=Objective= of low power permitting 2 degrees of
magnification =6.--=
=Stand= on heavy base, with rack and pinion adjustment
etc. =8.--=
-------
=30.--=
=Apparatus for Blood Examinations.=
[Illustration: Micro-Spectroscope.]
75. =The Micro-Spectroscope= fits into the tube of the
microscope like any ordinary eye-piece and may be fixed
in any desired position by means of the thumb-screw M.
The position of the bright and dark lines of the
spectrum and their respective wave lengths are
ascertained by means of a scale. The flat drum A, the
interior of which is shown in section, contains the slit
and the comparison prism. The slit is regulated by the
screws F and H. The lever T moves the comparison prism
across one half of the slit. The cylinder Q above the
eye-piece contains the Amici prism. At the point N of
the horizontal tube RN is the micrometer scale,
illuminated by the mirror O. After raising the spring-
catch L the upper part of the spectroscope may be turned
round the pivot K, thus allowing of the adjustment of
the eye-piece =66.--=
(A full description accompanies each instrument.)
76. =Hand-Spectroscope=, Browning's, for spectroscopic examination
of the blood =12.--=
76a. =Hand-Spectroscope= with comparison prism, mirror,
and holder for vials =16.--=
[Illustration: Thoma's Haemacytometer.]
77. =Thoma's Haemacytometer= consists of an object glass
with carefully constructed cell, a ground absolutely
plane coverglass and two pipettes for mixing the blood
and saline solution used in the examinations. One of
these pipettes, for estimating the number of red
corpuscles is so graduated as to permit dilution of the
blood 100 or 200 times as required; the other, for
counting the white corpuscles (leucocytes), is graduated
for dilution of the blood 10 or 20 times.
The volume contents of the pipettes are most carefully
determined and the depth of the cell is established by
accurate micrometric measurement, thus permitting very
exact observations by means of this instrument.
(A full description with each instrument) =14.50=
78. =Mixing-Pipette for white corpuscles= =3.60=
79. =Mixing-Pipette for red corpuscles= =3.60=
80. =Thoma counting chamber, with coverglass= =5.75=
81. =Türck counting chamber with coverglass= =7.25=
[Illustration: Counting chamber
after Thoma after Türck.]
[Illustration: Ehrlich's Eye-piece.]
82. =Ehrlich's Eye-piece= is provided with a diaphragm
having a square opening, the size of which is regulated
by a small lever.
This eye-piece is designed to facilitate the estimation
of the relative numbers of red and white blood
corpuscles in dry preparations.
Full directions accompany each instrument =12.--=
82a. =Apparatus= for the clinical determination of the
alcalinity of the blood, after Prof. C. S. Engel.
The following parts compose the apparatus:
1) a capillary pipette so graduated as to permit the
dilution of 0,05 cc. blood from the finger, up to 5 cc.
with distilled water.
2) a beaker, for the reception of the diluted blood.
3) a burette mounted on stand, capacity 10 cc. Full
directions accompany each outfit. Price in box =8.--=
=Micrometers.=
[Illustration: Screw Micrometer Eye-piece.]
83. =Screw-micrometer eye-piece= for accurate
measurement of large objects. Between the eye lens and
the collecting lens of a Huyghenian ocular there is a
millimeter scale etched on glass, above which is a
moveable indicator whose position is controlled by a
micrometer screw to which a graduated drum is attached.
The value of each graduation on the drum (about 1/20 of
the micrometer value of the objective) must be
determined for each combination of ocular and objective
by means of the stage micrometer. The eye lens of the
ocular is moveable to permit accurate focus upon the
scale. The apparatus slips into the tube of the
microscope like any ordinary eye-piece and is fixed in
position by a thumb-screw at the side =20.--=
84. =Micrometer eye-piece.= The mount unscrews in the
centre to permit the introduction of the micrometer
scale. The eye lens is moveable to permit of accurate
focus on the scale =4.--=
85. =Glass-Micrometer for the eye-piece=, to drop on the
diaphragm of the eye-piece. Scale of 5 mm divided into
100 parts =2.50=
86. =The same=, 10 mm divided into 100 parts =2.--=
87. =Stage-Micrometer=, 1 mm divided into 100 parts
etched on glass =3.75=
88. =Stage-Micrometer=, photographed on glass, 2 mm
divided into 200 parts =1.40=
89. =Eye-piece Micrometer=, divided into squares for
counting scattered objects in the field. Mounted.
Distance between the lines 0,5 mm =2.--=
90. =Glass slide with cell= 2/10 mm deep, with ocular
micrometer No. 89, in box =3.25=
91. =Glass slide with cell= the floor of which is
divided into squares, 1/400 square mm each, in box =4.--=
=Drawing Apparatus.=
The two following =drawing eye-pieces= Nos. 92 and 93,
have quickly found favor among those having frequent
occasion to make drawings from microscopic preparations
and are now largely used in educational institutions as
an aid to students in the study of their specimens. In
both eye-pieces the prism is so adjusted as to
accomplish total reflection of the image, thus doing
away with loss of light and with secondary reflections,
such disturbing features of those forms of drawing
apparatus of which a mirror forms an essential part.
[Illustration]
92. This =drawing eye-piece= is employed with the stand
in the vertical position. The reflected image lies at
the side of the microscope, the rays passing off at an
acute angle from the reflecting prism near the top of
the eye-piece. The eye-piece slips into the tube of the
microscope like any ordinary eye-piece and is held in
position by a thumb-screw. The drawing field is at once
visible without further adjustment, and the picture is
clear and sharp. The brightness of the drawing field may
be regulated by smoked glass plates mounted in two
moveable metal arms =8.--=
[Illustration: Drawing eye-piece for drawing with inclined stand.]
93. This =drawing eye-piece= is similar in construction
to that just described, but is so arranged as to throw
the image vertically downwards behind the microscope
when the latter is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees.
In this case also the picture reflected is clear and
sharp, devoid of all disturbing secondary images. As the
image is reflected vertically downwards upon the table,
no special drawing stand is necessary as there is no
distortion of the picture. The intensity of the light
may be modified by smoked glass plates mounted in two
moveable metal arms =10.--=
For a description of these drawing eye-pieces and of the
principles involved in their construction reference may
be had to the Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche
Mikroskopie, XII, 1895.
[Illustration: Abbe's Drawing Apparatus.]
94. In =Abbe's Drawing Apparatus= the drawing field is
reflected by a mirror at the side of the instrument and
by a prism which fits over the eye-piece of the
microscope. The prism is supported on a vertical hinge
so that it may be readily turned out of the axis of the
microscope without disconnecting the whole apparatus
from the stand. It is shown turned to the side in the
figure. A cylindrical cap accompanies the apparatus
which fits over the prism holder and has six lateral
windows in which are smoked glasses of various
intensity, serving to regulate the lightness of the
reflected drawing field =12.--=
[Illustration: Drawing Board No. 95. Drawing Board after Giesenhagen.]
The =Drawing boards= serve two purposes. They afford a
smooth plane surface for the drawing paper and they are
so arranged that they may be inclined at such an angle
as to receive the rays of the reflected image at right
angle to their surface, thus doing away with any
distortion of the image on the paper.
95. This =drawing board= is especially adapted for use
with drawing eye-piece No. 92. When in the position
indicated in the figure its drawing surface forms an
angle of 12° to the horizontal =2.--=
96. In =Giesenhagen's drawing board= the drawing surface
may be adjusted at various angles and may be raised and
lowered =4.--=
For drawing eye-piece No. 93 and the Abbe drawing
apparatus the surface of the drawing board should be
horizontal.
[Illustration: Drawing apparatus after v. Tubeuf.]
97. The =drawing apparatus= after v. Tubeuf serves for
drawing objects from nature. By means of a prism mounted
in a metal box, the object is reflected into the eye in
such a manner that its image appears erected on the
drawing surface. This is quite an advantage when drawing
from nature but is unimportant when using a drawing
apparatus on the microscope. Two smoked glasses mounted
in moveable metal arms serve to moderate the intensity
of the light. On the side of the prism nearest the eye
is a small wheel diaphragm attached to regulate the size
of the opening. The apparatus is mounted on a heavy
nickel-plated stand with vertical and lateral
adjustments controlled by thumb-screws =12.--=
=Mechanical Stages.=
[Illustration: Mechanical stage No. 98.]
98. =Mechanical stage= adapted to Stands I, Ia and Ib.
The stage is readily attached to the microscope by means
of a small screw, _C_, which screws into a thread in the
microscope just behind its stage, and binds the
mechanical stage firmly in position and always in the
same position. It may be again removed by simply
unscrewing this set screw.
The movements of the stage are at right angles to one
another, are accomplished by carefully constructed rack
and pinion adjustments and the exact position of each
adjustment is indicated by vernier scales. The extent of
the lateral movement is 50 mm; that of the other 30 mm.
This stage permits the careful and systematic
examination of large specimens and its construction is
so perfect that by means of the vernier scales the most
minute objects may be readily replaced in the field of
vision, even after removal and readjustment of the
stage, provided only that their location when in the
field of vision as indicated by the scales had been
noted =28.--=
99. =Large mechanical stage= for stand, _A_, adapted for
slides 50×100 mm; both movements by rack and pinion
adjustments =32.--=
[Illustration: Mechanical stage No. 100.]
100. =Mechanical Stage No. 100.= When a mechanical stage
is ordered subsequently to a microscope outfit and under
such circumstances that its correct adjustment to the
stand by a skillful mechanic is impossible we advise the
purchase of this more readily adjusted mechanical stage,
which may readily be attached to Stands I, Ia, Ib, IIa
and IIb by means of a thumb-screw. It is as carefully
constructed as Mechanical Stage No. 98 and serves the
same purpose in every particular =28.--=
100a. =New Mechanical stage=, simplified form =20.--=
[Illustration: Mechanical stage No. 100a.]
101. =Warm stage= after Schultze. This consists of a
metal stage to which long lateral arms are attached,
through which the heat from one or more small lamps is
conducted to the central part of the stage and the
object. The apparatus is also provided with a condenser,
which affords illumination sufficient for the use of
high power objectives, and with a thermometer indicating
the exact temperature of the centre of the stage, which
may be carried as high as 100° C. =12.--=
[Illustration: Schultze's Warm Stage No. 101.]
102. =Warm stage= after Pfeiffer. It consists of a glass
chamber through which warm water may be made to flow. A
small cell is ground in its surface thus permitting its
use as a moist chamber =6.--=
103. =Warm stage= after Stricker. This stage consists of
a metal chamber, through which warm water is made to
flow when in use, and is provided also with a condenser
and thermometer. It may be screwed firmly to any of the
square microscope stages =14.--=
[Illustration: Stricker's Warm stage No. 103.]
104. =Warm stage= after Errera, permitting rapid changes
from low to high temperature and vice-versa.
It includes 2 vessels for cold and hot water, mounted on
tripods, with rubber-tubing etc. =24.--=
=Photo-micrographic Apparatus.=
[Illustration: Photo-micrographic Apparatus No. 105.]
The method of employing this apparatus and the general technique of
photo-micrography are treated of in a separate pamphlet containing also
four photo-micrographs taken with this apparatus.
This little work is furnished with each apparatus.
105. =The Photo-micrographic Apparatus= consists of a
heavy iron foot supporting a stout column in which
another iron support moves vertically. This latter holds
the camera and may be firmly fixed at any height by
means of a thumb-screw. This permits the accurate
adjustment of the camera to microscope stands of various
sizes. The length of the camera is also adjustable by
means of a thumb-screw sliding in the upright support.
Regulation of the field of the camera is accomplished by
a revolving disc diaphragm with openings of five
different sizes situated in the neck of the camera. Two
simple plate-holders for plates 9×12 and 13×18 cm are
supplied with each camera, as are also a ground glass
plate and clear glass plate in the frame of the camera
serve to catch the picture in the plane of the
photographic plate, and a simple lens aids in obtaining
a correct focus of the image. A white glass plate,
mounted on a stand is of use in diffusing direct
sunlight so as to make it available for photographic
purposes, and three discs of yellow, blue and green
glass are provided which may be inserted over the iris-
diaphragm of the condenser when colored light is
required.
It is of great advantage to interpose an illuminating
lens between the source of light and the mirror, thereby
condensing the light-rays, giving a uniform illumination
and preventing the heating up of the entire stand, which
is a disturbing factor in retaining the focus. The
illuminating lens also serves to lessen the time of
exposure.
This photo-micrographic apparatus is also available when
it is desired to photograph gross specimens as, for
example, embryos, insects, etc., by reflected light, as
is represented in the figure on p. 86. The photographic
objective of 64 mm focal distance, is best adapted to
this purpose. It fits in a collar in the neck of the
camera and yields a magnified image of about 3
diameters. The object is brought into proper focus by
means of a small stand, the table of which may be raised
or lowered as required.
Price of the apparatus without microscope stand =40.--=
106. =Small stand for supporting specimens= to be
photographed by reflected light as mentioned above =4.75=
107. =Welsbach lamp= with reflector =6.--=
108. =Illuminating lens= of 100 mm diam. on stand =12.--=
109. =Photo-micrographic apparatus=, for use in
horizontal and vertical position. It is in construction
similar to the foregoing, but is provided with joint for
inclination and clamping lever, and can be used at any
angle.
Large size bellows and plateholder, for plates up to
24×24 cm. Moveable platform with three leveling screws
and clamping-bar for holding stand. Price of the
apparatus, with 2 simple plate-holders, ground and plain
glass plate, etc., without microscope stand =60.--=
[Illustration: Photo-micrographic Apparatus No. 109.]
=Edinger's Projection Apparatus.=
[Illustration: Edinger's Projection Apparatus with Nieser's Photographic
Camera.]
110. =Edinger's Projection Apparatus=--For projecting
and drawing large objects slightly magnified. (Cf.
Zeitschrift für wissensch. Mikroskopie. VIII. 1891.)
A polished wooden base, in which a lime wood drawing
tablet is inlaid, supports a wooden stand which in turn
holds a horizontal metal tube in which are a collecting
lens and a reflecting mirror. The upright also carries,
two arms, by rack and pinion adjustment, the one
supporting the object stage, the other regulating the
length of the camera. On the other side of the upright
is a support for a lamp. The rays of this lamp are
converged by the collecting lens upon the mirror, are
reflected downward to the object and through the
objective to the drawing board below. The various
adjustments permit considerable variation of
magnification with the same objective.
Price, including lamp =18.--=
For photographic purposes this same apparatus may be had
with Nieser's photographic camera, plate holders,
focussing plate etc.
111. =Edinger's Projection Apparatus with Camera= for
plates 9×12 cm and 13×18 cm =38.--=
112. =Larger Projection Apparatus with Camera= for
plates 9×12, 13×18, 18×24 and 24×30 cm =56.--=
The following Objectives of 24, 35, 42 and 64 mm focal
distance respectively may be used in connection with
this apparatus for photographic purposes.
113. } { of 24 mm focal distance =18.--=
114. } =Photographic Objectives { " 35 " " " =18.--=
115. } with Iris diaphragms= { " 42 " " " =18.--=
116. } { " 64 " " " =20.--=
The following table shows the size of the preparation
which may be resolved by each one of these objectives
and the magnification with the smaller and with the
larger Edinger Projection Apparatus.
-------------+----------------+--------------------------------------
| Size of the | Magnification
Objective | Preparation | |
Focal length | Maximum | Smaller Apparatus | Larger Apparatus
-------------+----------------+--------------------+-----------------
24 mm | 8 mm | 7-15 diam. | 13-25 diam.
35 mm | 15 mm | 5-12 diam. | 10-20 diam.
42 mm | 20 mm | 3-9 diam. | 6-13 diam.
64 mm | 35 mm | 2-4 diam. | 3-8 diam.
-------------+----------------+--------------------+-----------------
The time required for exposure in photographing with this
apparatus is from 5 to 20 seconds according to the magnification
and character of the specimen.
The following figure shows a further use for the Objective
of 64 mm focal distance in connection with the photomicrographic
apparatus (page 82).
[Illustration: Photo-micrographic apparatus No. 105 with small stand No. 106.]
=Large Projection Apparatus.=
In this projection apparatus an electric projection lamp is made use of,
the lamp being available for electric currents of 20 Ampères and about
48 Volts. To regulate the current a rheostat is necessary. When using
constant current the carbons should stand at an angle in order to
utilize to best advantage the stronger light of the positive (upper)
carbon. For spectroscopic projections the carbons of the lamp have to be
in vertical position.
Connected with the lamp is a triple condenser of 150 mm aperture. The
latter should be protected from the heat-rays by a large mica-plate
which is furnished with the apparatus.
Various devices permit very accurate adjustment of the lamp and
condenser. For example, two thumb-screws control the position of the
carbons of the lamp so that the luminous point may be readily brought
into the exact optical axis of the condenser. Again, the two inner
lenses of the condenser are moveable and are controlled by two knobs
conveniently situated as shown in the illustration.
By this adjustment of the lenses of the condenser it is possible to do
away with disturbing chromatic aberration. The rays of light leave the
condenser in moderate convergence.
For direct projection from the preparation the apparatus consists of the
optical bench upon which are mounted the various accessories in proper
succession (Fig. p. 88):
1. A large cooling cell, which is to be filled with water or alum
solution.
2. The bellows with tube. This is connected with the cooling cell by
means of a metal ring which slips over the end of the cell and is held
in place by a screw. The metal ring is attached to one end of the
bellows, while the other end carries a large tube.
3. The microscope condensers and diaphragm holder. A larger tube fits
over the tube of the bellows and carries on a revolving arm the cylinder
diaphragm and the two condensers. For low power objectives Nos. 1-3, the
cylinder diaphragm and the condenser of longer focus have to be used.
The latter at the same time serves as the objective for lantern slide
projection.
The other condenser is especially needed when high powers are employed
(Objectives 4 to 6). A small rack and pinion arrangement serves for the
adjustment of condenser and diaphragm.
4. The object stage and small cooler. The stage has connected with it a
second cooling cell on which the preparation rests. This arrangement
permits prolonged use of the condenser and the greatest intensity of
light without burning the most delicate specimens. The adjustment of the
object is accomplished by means of an arrangement which permits any
particular point to be brought accurately into the field.
[Illustration]
5. The objective carrier is provided with a nose-piece for three
objectives, with a broad projection tube, having an Iris diaphragm for
the purpose of narrowing the aperture, and with a narrow tube which
screws into the broad one, in case it is desired to use oculars in
making the projection. The adjustments of the objectives are
accomplished by rack and pinion and by micrometer screw.
In order to change readily from microscopic to lantern-slide projection,
the parts 4 and 5 have been provided with hinges, by means of which they
can be thrown to one side after loosening a lever (see illustration
below).
6. Wooden cover with cloth curtain which fits over the diaphragm
carrier, the stage and the objectives, to shut off any light which may
escape at the sides.
For the projection of large preparations of from 8-35 mm diameter our
photographic objectives of 24, 35, 42 and 64 mm focal distance are best
adapted (p. 86). In connection with these low powers the large tube only
should be used.
[Illustration]
With this projection apparatus the powers of microscope objectives till
number 6 may be well employed.
The picture, even when the highest powers are made use of, and the
screen is at a distance of twelve feet from the apparatus, is of
sufficient clearness and brightness to be available for demonstration to
a large audience.
For the projection of lantern slides or of large section of tissue
following parts of the apparatus are required: Lamp, condenser, cooler
and bellows are the same as in the above described apparatus.
The stage and objective carrier are swung to one side.
The special-projection lens of 300 mm focal distance is to be used.
A slide carrier slips into the frame of the bellows, which is
sufficiently large to accommodate lantern slides 9×10 and 9×12 cm in
size. The slide carrier has a stop at both ends which facilitates its
adjustment in the axis of the instrument, and is arranged for the
simultaneous reception of two slides, so that while one is being
projected it may be charged with a second which may then without delay
be pushed into the optical axis as the first is removed. In this way
series of pictures may be thrown on the screen without interruption.
When so arranged the projection can be made upon a screen 30 feet from
the apparatus, over the heads of an audience.
Prices:
117. =Projection-lamp= for current of 20 Ampères, with
centering arrangement =92.--=
=Fixed rheostat= =30.--=
(The same, adjustable =$45.--=.)
Lamp and rheostat are furnished at factory prices. In
ordering it is well to state the strength of the
available electric current, also whether it is constant
or alternating.
=Outfit for projection of lantern slides:=
Metal-base with optical bench, triple collecting lens
(adjustable) of 150 mm aperture; large cooling cell;
slide carrier with bellows; triple revolving arm, with
rack and pinion adjustment =108.--=
Projection objective of 300 mm focal length =20.--=
(A second objective of same focal length may be slipped
over the former, the two combined represent an objective
of 150 mm focus. Additional price =$20.--=.)
=Outfit for microscopical projections:=
Cylinder-diaphragm and condenser; objectstage and small
cooler with moveable slide-holder. Objective carrier
with triple nose-piece: rack and pinion adjustment and
micrometer-screw. Broad tube with Iris-diaphragm into
which the smaller draw-tube fits. Two projection eye-
pieces.
Object-stage and objective carrier are provided with
hinges. Wooden cover with cloth curtain =84.--=
Transport =250.--=
--------
Complete outfit =334.--=
118. =Megascope=, apparatus for the projection of opaque
objects; special offers will be made on application.
119. =Attachment for spectroscopic examinations=, to be
used on the optical bench and in connection with the
lamp of the projection apparatus No. 117. Slit
mechanism, large triple prism, object-stage =80.--=
120. =Large projection apparatus=, of special design
with latest improvements, for lantern slides size 13×18
cm, for micro-projection, and megascope attachment.
Special offers for this apparatus will be made on
application.
(In ordering it is necessary to state the voltage of
the available electric current, also whether it is
direct or alternating.)
121. =Trichinoscope.= Simple electric lamp (hand feed)
of 20 Ampère, mounted on adjustable stand, encased in
Russian iron box, double collecting lens (adjustable) of
120 mm Aperture, with condensing lens.
Mechanical stage for glass compressors, with movements
at right angles to each other, cooling cell for the
preparation with a continual flow of cold water.
Objective carrier with micrometer screw, wide tube with
Iris diaphragm =120.--=
Projection objective of 35 mm focus, aperture f:3,5,
with Iris diaphragm =18.--=
--------
=138.--=
[Illustration: Trichinoscope No. 121.]
=Microtomes.=
[Illustration: Large Sliding-Microtome.]
Our larger microtomes are heavy and all their adjustments are of the
most accurate construction, the result being that they are very steady
when in use and permit the cutting of very thin and uniform sections.
They are to be had in three different sizes. The larger two are slightly
different in construction from the third. The two former microtomes are
provided with an automatic feed attachement. A heavy knife-carrier
slides smoothly and rapidly on a horizontal track and is so arranged
that it may be manipulated by the hand of the operator alone or by a
wheel and chain device, which tends to assure a perfectly uniform stroke
of the knife.
The objectclamp is raised vertically by a micrometer screw. This motion
is accomplished by turning a large disc having teeth cut into its
periphery and a turn of one tooth being equal to an elevation of 0.0025
mm.
The automatic feed is arranged as follows: With each return of the
knife-carrier to the end of its track pressure is made upon an
adjustable lever which regulates the motion of the micrometer wheel.
This device may be so adjusted as to move the micrometer disc any number
of teeth from one to ten with each sweep of the knife.
Three different forms of clamps may be had for these microtomes, and
freezing apparatus as well as paraffin tables can also be fitted.
The Fixed clamp, No. 128, represented in the figure of the large sliding
microtome, serves to clamp the specimen in position and does not allow
any further adjustment.
The Ball and Socket clamp permits the adjustments of the specimen after
it is held in the clamp by means of a ball and socket joint--see figure
of No. 129--a set-screw then holds it firmly in position.
The Naples clamp permits the accurate adjustment of the specimen at any
level, the clamp being supported on two horizontal axes at right angles
to each other, the one controlled by rack and pinion, the other by
endless screw.
The knife-carrier is arranged to hold the Thoma form knives, which are
fastened by means of a wing-screw. Other knives require a special
holder, such as No. 139.
122. =The Large Sliding Microtome= has a track 42 cm
long. Its price with automatic feed attachement, wheel
and chain arrangement for the knife carrier, and fixed
clamp, without knife =62.--=
123. =The same=, with knife holder for Jung microtome
knives =66.--=
124. =The same=, but without the wheel and chain
arrangement for the knife carrier =50.--=
125. =Medium size Sliding Microtome=--Track 32 cm long;
automatic feed attachement; wheel and chain motion of
knife carrier and fixed specimen clamp--without knife =56.--=
126. =The same=, with knife holder for Jung microtome
knives =60.--=
127. =The same=, but without wheel and chain motion =44.--=
128. =Fixed Specimen Clamp= =4.--=
129. =Ball and Socket Clamp= =6.--=
130. =Naples Clamp= =12.--=
[Illustration: Ball and Socket Clamp No. 129. Naples Clamp No. 130.]
131. =The Support-Microtome= has a track 19 cm long. The
knife-carrier slides on a double flanged support and is
moved by means of a large knob. The motion is smooth and
quick. The specimen is held in a clamp supported on two
adjustable axes at right angles to each other, thus
permitting its adjustment in any position. The specimen
carrier is moved vertically by means of a micrometer
screw to which a large disc is attached. This disc is
graduated, each degree representing a motion of the
specimen carrier of 0,005 mm. The price of this
microtome with knifeholder No. 139, without box or knife
is =34.--=
[Illustration: Support-Microtome No. 131.]
131a. =Small Sliding Microtome=, length of bed 21 cm,
heavy knife-carrier, object clamp for specimen 25 mm
diam., micrometer screw with disc graduated into 100
degrees, each division representing a motion of 0,005
mm. Price including knifeholder No. 139, without knife =24.--=
[Illustration: Small Sliding Microtome No. 131a.]
=Microtome knives.=
(Made by W. Walb.)
=A. Thoma's Model=, plano-concave, with handle adapted
for clamping immediately to the knife carrier of the
microtome, in box.
[Illustration]
132. Length of cutting edge 36 cm =26.50=
133. " " " " 24 cm =13.25=
134. " " " " 16 cm =8.50=
135. " " " " 12 cm =5.50=
=B. Jung's Model=--plano-concave--requires knife-holder
No. 139--in box.
[Illustration]
136. Length of cutting edge 24 cm =11.25=
137. " " " " 17 cm =6.--=
138. " " " " 12 cm =4.75=
139. =Knife-holder= designed for Jung's Microtome knife =4.--=
140. =Freezing apparatus= for Microtomes =8.--=
[Illustration: Freezing apparatus No. 140.]
=Hand Microtomes.=
[Illustration: No. 141.]
141. This =Hand Microtome=, shown in the figure above,
screws to the edge of the table. The specimen is held in
a clamp which may be removed from the instrument, and
which is raised by a micrometer screw to which a large
disc is attached, the edge of which is milled and
graduated, each degree of the graduation representing an
elevation of the specimen of 1/100 mm. The knife is
manipulated by hand and in cutting slides over two
narrow glass plates which serve as a track for it. The
length of this track is 7 cm =12.--=
142. =Cylinder Microtome.= The specimen is held by means
of a clamp-screw in a hollow cylinder. This entire
cylinder is raised within another cylinder which bears
the cutting table by means of a screw with milled and
graduated head. Each division of the graduation
represents a motion of the inner cylinder of 1/100 mm.
In cutting the edge of the knife is made to pass over
the surface of the glass cutting table, the diameter of
which is 7 cm =6.--=
[Illustration: Cylinder Microtome.]
143. =Microscopic section-cutter=--razor form--of best
quality, plano-concave, for microtomes No. 141 and 142 =1.25=
=Miscellaneous Accessories.=
[Illustration:Analizer. Polarizer.
Polarizing Apparatus No. 144.]
144. =Polarizing Apparatus= for Food Analysis.
The analizer forms part of an ocular which fits into the
tube of the microscope and is provided with a graduated
disc and index. It is fixed in any desired position by
means of a thumb-screw.
The polarizer, when used in connection with stands
fitted with a substage condenser and iris-diaphragm, is
hung in the carrier of the iris diaphragm; when used on
other stands it takes the place of the cylinder
diaphragm, and if desired may be furnished with a
condenser. Price =22.--=
145. =Simpler Polarizing Apparatus.= The analizer is
without an ocular and has no graduated disc. The
polarizer is as described above =14.--=
146. =Gypsum= and =Mica plates= set of 8 =6.--=
147. =Coverglass Tester=, for measuring the thickness of
coverglasses =3.75=
147a. =Coverglass gauge=, dial form, for the rapid and
accurate measuring of coverglasses, thin plates etc. A
slight pressure on a lever opens a pair of steel clips.
The exact thickness is at once indicated by a pointer
moving over a divided circle on the lid of a metal box.
The gauge measures 0,01 up to 5 mm =12.--=
148. =Nose-piece= for two objectives--Double nose-piece =6.--=
149. =Nose-piece= for three objectives--Triple nose-piece =8.--=
150. =Nose-piece= for four objectives--Quadruple nose-piece =10.--=
Nose-pieces can be adjusted to our stands at any time
without charge.
151. =Iris-diaphragm= =6.--=
[Illustration: Illuminating Lens No. 152.]
152. =Illuminating Lens on stand=, 100 mm diameter =12.--=
153. =Illuminating Lens on stand=, 60 mm diameter =8.--=
154. =Glass slides=, hollow, per doz =--.75=
155. =Glass slides=, English form 3×1", of plate-glass
with polished edges, per gross =1.--=
156. =Glass slides=, with well, for moist chambers =--.40=
157. =Cover-glasses=, squares, 15×15 mm, per 100 =--.60=
158. =Cover-glasses=, squares, 20×20 mm, per 100 =--.85=
159. =Cover-glasses=, circles, 15 mm diameter, per 100 =--.85=
160. =Cover-glasses=, circles, 20 mm diameter, per 100 =1.--=
[Illustration: Turn-table No. 161.]
161. =Turn-table=, for ringing, with adjustable slide clips =4.--=
162. =Thickened Cedar Oil= for oil-immersion lenses, 1 oz =--.40=
163. =Object Marker.= This is designed to indicate the
exact portion of an object which has been seen in the
field of the microscope. After finding the required
field, the objective of the microscope is unscrewed and
the marker is screwed into the tube in its place. By
then moving the tube so that the marker comes in contact
with the object that portion of the object which
occupied the optical axis of the microscope is indicated =1.25=
164. =Object Marker= with diamond point, by means of
which the object can be marked by drawing a circle =4.--=
165. =Demonstration Ocular= of Kuznitzky (Cf. Zeitschr. f.
wissensch. Mikroskopie, XIII, 1896).--Indicates any
particular portion of the image to which it is desired
to draw particular attention.
A small lever at the top of the ocular moves an
indicator just above the diaphragm of the ocular to any
part of the field =3.25=
[Illustration]
166. =Opaque Illuminator=, for illuminating polished
pieces of metal whose structure is to be investigated by
means of high power objectives--A collar, carrying a
prism, screws into the tube of the microscope, and by
means of the prism sufficient light is thrown through
the objective upon the otherwise opaque object to permit
of its examination up to 1000 diameters magnification =6.--=
167. =Erecting Prism=--This is fastened over the ocular
and erects the image received from the compound
microscope, thereby materially assisting any dissection
or other operation on the stage of the microscope =7.25=
[Illustration]
168. =Microscope= for the accurate reading of
thermometer scales, after Fridtjof Nansen.
Stand with spring-clamp to attach thermometers of
various sizes. With micrometer ocular and objective
magnifying 12 times =20.--=
[Illustration: Saccharimeter No. 169.]
169. =Saccharimeter=, Mitscherlich's (improved form),
for determining the amount of sugar contained in
liquids, glucose etc. by measuring the angle of
rotation. Tube with concave mirror on stand, graduated
scale with vernier and lens for reading one-tenth of a
degree of rotation.
The rotation of the Nicol prism with the vernier is
performed by means of an endless screw. The adjustment
is accomplished as soon as the two squares of the
divided quartz-plate show the same color. Two tubes of
100 and 200 mm length, for the liquid to be examined,
are supplied with the apparatus. Should the rotation of
the substance examined be excessive, it is necessary to
use sodium light for illumination =52.--=
=Microscopical cases.=
170. =Case=, containing a razor, spatula, two small
knives, straight and curved scissors, forceps, two
needles, two lancet-shaped needles =5.50=
171. =Case=, containing a razor, spatula, a small knife,
two needles, small scissors, and forceps =4.--=
172. =Case=, containing a small knife, small scissors,
forceps and two needles =2.50=
173. =Botanical Outfit= in case, containing a small
knife, forceps, self-closing forceps with horn handle,
two scissors, two needles and two lenses =5.50=
174. =Outfit for Sputum Examinations=, after Kaatzer,
consisting of a platinum needle, blower, cover-glass
forceps, and a small rubber plate =4.75=
175. =Leather Microscope case= to protect the mahogany
case when travelling =8.--=
176. =Leather case= to protect the mahogany cases of
larger size instruments =12.--=
177. =Bell jar= for covering microscope =2.--=
Any of the following publications will be sent on application:
1. Catalogue of microscopes etc., which has been issued in three
editions, viz. in
a) English,
b) German and
c) French.
2. Anleitung zum Gebrauch des Microscops.
3. Instructions pour l'emploi des microscopes.
4. Directions for using the Microscope.
5. On the method of counting red and white corpuscles with Thoma's
Apparatus.
6. Instructions pour l'emploi de l'hématimètre de Thoma.
7. Anleitung zur Mikrophotographie, mit vier Mikrophotogrammen.
8. Anleitung zum Gebrauch des Mikrospectroskops.
9. Anleitung zum Gebrauch des Oculars nach Ehrlich.
10. Description de l'oculaire d'Ehrlich.
11. Direction for using Ehrlich's eye-piece.
12. Anleitung zum Gebrauch des grossen Projectionsapparates.
13. Anleitung zum Gebrauch des Saccharimeters.
[Illustration]
=Index.=
Page
=A.=
Achromatic Objectives 12
Adjusting screw 49
Adjustment, coarse, fine 17, 18
Apertures 10
Aplanatic Lenses 67
Apochromatic Lenses 14
Apparatus for Blood Examinations 70
=B.=
Binocular Preparation Microscope 68
Binocular Microscope after Greenough 69
Bell jar 103
=C.=
Camera 81, 84
Cases for Stands 19
Cedar Oil 101
Clamps for Microtomes 94
fixed clamp 94
ball and socket clamp 94
Naples clamp 94
Compensation Eye-pieces 14
Compressors 49
Condenser 20
Corneal microscope 69
Counting chambers 71
Coverglass gauge 99
Cover-glasses 100
Cover-glasses thickness 8
Coverglass Tester 99
Cylinder Iris Diaphragm 20, 23
Cylinder Microtome 98
=D.=
Demonstration Lens-holder 67
Demonstration Microscope 49
Demonstration Ocular 101
Dissecting Microscopes 62
Dissecting Microscope with erected image 64
Dissecting Stage 66
Dölken's Microscope Stand 52
Drawing Apparatus after Abbe 74
Drawing Apparatus after Tubeuf 77
Drawing Board 76
Drawing Eye-pieces 74
=E.=
Edinger's Projection Apparatus 84
Engel's Alcalinity Apparatus 72
English screw 18
Erecting prism 102
Eye-pieces:
Compensation Eye-piece 14
Demonstration Ocular 101
Huyghenian Eye-piece 11
Micrometer Eye-piece 73
Ehrlich's Eye-piece 72
Eye-piece with cross lines 59
Eye-piece Micrometer with squares 73
=F.=
Freezing Apparatus 97
Focussing lens 67
=G.=
Glass compressor 49
Glass-Micrometer for the Eye-piece 73
Glass plates, ground, clear 82
Glass slides 100
Glass slides, hollow 100
Gypsum and Mica plates 99
Greenough Binocular Microscope 69
=H.=
Haemacytometer after Thoma 71
Handle for holding lens 67
Hand Microtomes 97
Hand Spectroscope 71
Horizontal Microscope 56
=I.=
Illuminating Apparatus 20
Illuminating Lens 100
Immersion Objective 12, 13
Immersion Oil 101
Iris-diaphragm 100
Iris cylinder diaphragm 20
=K.=
Knife-carrier 93
Knife-holder 97
Knife after Thoma 96
Knives for Microtomes 96
=L.=
Lamp 83
Leather case 103
Lenses:
aplanatic 67
binocular 68
for the pocket 68
Lens for Algae Examination 65
Lens-holders 65
Lens for Projection 90
=M.=
Magnification 13
Mechanical Stages 78
Megascope 91
Micrometers 73
Micrometer Eye-piece 73
Micrometer with squares 73
Micrometer-screw 18
Microscope after Dölken 52
" " Nebelthau 50
" " Unna 33
" stereoscopic 69
" mineralogical 57
" for dissections 62
" for reading thermometer scales 102
" for the examination of trichinae 48
Microscopical Cases 103
Micro-Spectroscope 70
Microtomes 92
Microtome knives 96
Moist chamber 100
=N.=
Nansen's Microscope 102
Nebelthau's Microscope 50
Net micrometers 73
Nose-pieces 100
Notice 4
=O.=
Object Marker 101
Objectives achromatic 12
" apochromatic 14
" photographic 85
Ocular for Demonstrations 101
Oil-Immersion 12, 14
Opaque illuminator 102
Outfit for Sputum Examinations 103
=P.=
Photographic Objectives 85
Photographic plates 82, 85
Photomicrography 82
Photo-micrographic Apparatus 82
Photomicrographic Apparatus with joint for inclination 83
Pfeiffer dissecting microscope 64
Pipettes 70
Plate holders 82, 85
Pocket Microscope 65
Pocket Lens 68
Polarizing Apparatus 99
Preface 6
Projection 87
Projection Apparatus, large size 91
Projection Apparatus after Edinger 84
Projection-lamp 90
Projection-lens 90
Projection-ocular 91
Publications 104
=R.=
Reflector 83
Revolving Eye-piece 15
Rheostat 90
=S.=
Saccharimeter, Mitcherlich 102
Screw-micrometer eye-piece 73
Simple dissecting microscope, wood case, with handrests 66
Sliding Microscope (Nebelthau's) 50
Sliding Microtome 92, 95
Slide for counting the corpuscles of the blood 71
Spectroscope 70
Stage-Micrometer 73
Stage for Dissections 66
Stand for supporting specimens 83
Stand A 24
Stand I 28
Stereoscopic Binocular stand 69
Stand Ia 30
" Ia with English Foot 32
" Ib 34
" II 36
" IIa 38
" IIb 40
" III 42
" IV 44
" V 46
" VI 48
" I for Mineralogical Research 57
" II " " " 60
Stereoscopic Microscope 69
Swing-out Condenser 20
=T.=
Thoma's Haemacytometer 71
Thoma Knives 96
Travelling Microscopes 53
Trichinoscope 91
Tube length 8
Tubeuf drawing Apparatus 77
Turn-table 101
Türck counting chamber 72
=U.=
Unna's Microscope 33
=W.=
Warm Stages 80
Water-Immersion 12
Welsbach lamp 83
Printed by Fr. Richter, Leipzic.
=Transcriber's Notes:=
hyphenation, spelling and grammar have been preserved as in the original
minor punctuation changes made without notes
Page 5, and specimens. focal length. ==> and specimens.
Page 10, will suffice tho show ==> will suffice to show
Page 15, eye-pieces may he changed ==> eye-pieces may be changed
Page 17, movement on Stands AI, Ia ==> movement on Stands A, I, Ia
Page 22, the purpore of modifying ==> the purpose of modifying
Page 25, in tis central portion ==> in its central portion
Page 26, has the folloving advantages ==> has the following advantages
Page 26, is absolutly no limit ==> is absolutely no limit
Page 43, an excellent loboratory stand ==> an excellent laboratory stand
Page 47, Exe-pieces I, III. ==> Eye-pieces I, III.
Page 54, size like the I. b. ==> size like the Ib.
Page 59, stand with these accessoires ==> stand with these accessories
Page 61, the and of the tube ==> the end of the tube
Page 62, The fit inside ==> They fit inside
Page 64, The case consists ==> The base consists
Page 68, Aplantic triplets 64-68 ==> Aplanatic triplets 64-68
Page 69, Magnifikation, 20 diam. ==> Magnification, 20 diam.
Page 71, micrometric measurment ==> micrometric measurement
Page 78, Mechanical stage Nr. 98 ==> Mechanical stage No. 98
Page 85, 42 und 64 mm ==> 42 and 64 mm
Page 90, removed duplicate 'Transport 250.--'
Page 91, also wheter it is direct ==> also whether it is direct
Page 91, a continual, flow ==> a continual flow
Page 97, 136. Lenght of cutting edge ==> 136. Length of cutting edge
Page 98, with melled and graduated ==> with milled and graduated
Page 99, forms port of an ocular ==> forms part of an ocular
Page 99, any disired position ==> any desired position
Page 99, The gange measures 0,01 ==> The gauge measures 0,01
Page 103, light. for illumination ==> light for illumination
Page 103, 167. Bell jar ==> 177. Bell jar
Page 107, Stage-Mikrometer, 73 ==> Stage-Micrometer, 73
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