Title: Lady Mary and her Nurse; Or, a Peep into the Canadian Forest
Author: Traill, Catharine Parr Strickland, 1802-1899
Language: English
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LADY MARY AND HER NURSE;

OR,

A PEEP INTO THE CANADIAN FOREST.

by

MRS. TRAILL



CONTENTS


CHAPTER I.

THE FLYING SQUIRREL--ITS FOOD--STORY OF A WOLF--INDIAN VILLAGE--WILD RICE

CHAPTER II.

SLEIGHING--SLEIGH ROBES--FUR CAPS--OTTER SKINS--OLD SNOW-STORM--OTTER
HUNTING--OTTER SLIDES--INDIAN NAMES--REMARKS ON WILD ANIMALS AND THEIR
HABITS

CHAPTER III.

PART I.--LADY MARY READS TO MRS. FRAZER THE FIRST PART OF THE HISTORY OF
THE SQUIRREL FAMILY

PART II.--WHICH TELLS HOW THE GREY SQUIRRELS GET ON WHILE THEY REMAINED
ON PINE ISLAND--HOW THEY BEHAVED TO THEIR POOR RELATIONS, THE CHITMUNKS--
AND WHAT HAPPENED TO THEM IN THE FOREST

PART III.--HOW THE SQUIRRELS GOT TO THE MILL AT THE RAPIDS--AND WHAT
HAPPENED TO VELVET-PAW

CHAPTER IV.

SQUIRRELS--THE CHITMUNKS--DOCILITY OF A PET ONE--ROGUERY OF A YANKEE
PEDLAR--RETURN OF THE MUSICAL CHITMUNK TO HIS MASTER'S BOSOM--SAGACITY OF
A BLACK SQUIRREL

CHAPTER V.

INDIAN BASKETS--THREAD--PLANTS--MAPLE SUGAR-TREE--INDIAN ORNAMENTAL WORKS
--RACOONS

CHAPTER VI.

CANADIAN FLOWERS--AMERICAN PORCUPINE--CANADIAN BIRDS--SNOW SPARROW-ROBIN
RED-BREAST

CHAPTER VII.

INDIAN BAG--INDIAN EMBROIDERY--BEAVER'S TAIL--BEAVER ARCHITECTURE--HABITS
OF THE BEAVER--BEAVER TOOLS--BEAVER MEADOWS

CHAPTER VIII.

INDIAN BOY AND HIS PETS--TAME BEAVER AT HOME--KITTEN, WILDFIRE--PET
RACOON AND THE SPANIEL PUPPIES--CANADIAN FLORA

CHAPTER IX.

NURSE TELLS LADY MARY ABOUT A LITTLE BOY WHO WAS EATEN BY A BEAR IN THE
PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK--OF A BABY THAT WAS CARRIED AWAY, BUT TAKEN
ALIVE--A WALK IN THE GARDEN--HUMMING BIRDS--CANADIAN BALSAMS

CHAPTER X.

AURORA BOREALIS, OR NORTHERN LIGHTS, MOST FREQUENTLY SEEN IN NORTHERN
CLIMATES--CALLED MERRY DANCERS--ROSE TINTS--TINT-LIKE APPEARANCE--LADY
MARY FRIGHTENED

CHAPTER XI

STRAWBERRIES--CANADIAN WILD FRUITS--WILD RASPBERRIES--THE HUNTER AND THE
LOST CHILD--CRANBERRIES--CRANBERRY MARSHES--NUTS

CHAPTER XII

GARTER SNAKES--RATTLE SNAKES--ANECDOTE OF A LITTLE BOY--FISHERMAN AND
SNAKE--SNAKE CHARMERS--SPIDERS--LAND TORTOISE

CHAPTER XIII

ELLEN AND HER PET PAWNS--DOCILITY OF PAN--JACK'S DROLL TRICKS--
AFFECTIONATE WOLF--FALL FLOWERS--DEPARTURE OF LADY MARY--THE END



A PEEP INTO THE CANADIAN FOREST.



CHAPTER I.

THE FLYING SQUIRREL--ITS FOOD--STORY OF A WOLF--INDIAN VILLAGE--WILD RICE.


"Nurse, what is the name of that pretty creature you have in your hand?
What bright eyes it has! What a soft tail, just like a grey feather! Is it
a little beaver?" asked the Governor's [Footnote: Lady Mary's father was
Governor of Canada.] little daughter, as her nurse came into the room
where her young charge, whom we shall call Lady Mary, was playing with her
doll.

Carefully sheltered against her breast, its velvet nose just peeping from
beneath her muslin neckerchief, the nurse held a small grey-furred animal,
of the most delicate form and colour.

"No, my lady," she replied, "this is not a young beaver; a beaver is a
much larger animal. A beaver's tail is not covered with fur; it is scaly,
broad, and flat; it looks something like black leather, not very unlike
that of my seal-skin slippers. The Indians eat beavers' tails at their
great feasts, and think they make an excellent dish."

"If they are black, and look like leather shoes, I am very sure I should
not like to eat them; so, if you please, Mrs. Frazer, do not let me have
any beavers' tails cooked for my dinner," said the little lady in a very
decided tone.

"Indeed, my lady," replied her nurse, smiling, "it would not be an easy
thing to obtain, if you wished to taste one, for beavers are not brought
to our market. It is only the Indians and hunters who know how to trap
them, and beavers are not so plentiful as they used to be."

Mrs. Frazer would have told Lady Mary a great deal about the way in which
the trappers take the beavers, but the little girl interrupted her by
saying, "Please, nurse, will you tell me the name of your pretty pet? Ah,
sweet thing! what bright eyes you have!" she added, caressing the soft
little head which was just seen from beneath the folds of the muslin
handkerchief to which it timidly nestled, casting furtive glances at the
admiring child, while the panting of its breast told the mortal terror
that shook its frame whenever the little girl's hand was advanced to coax
its soft back.

"It is a flying squirrel, Lady Mary," replied her nurse; "one of my
brothers caught it a month ago, when he was chopping in the forest. He
thought it might amuse your ladyship, and so he tamed it and sent it to me
in a basket filled with moss, with some acorns, and hickory-nuts, and
beech-mast for him to eat on his journey, for the little fellow has
travelled a long way: he came from the beech-woods near the town of
Coburg, in the Upper Province."

"And where is Coburg, nurse? Is it a large city like Montreal or Quebec?"

"No, my lady; it is a large town on the shores of the great Lake Ontario."

"And are there many woods near it?"

"Yes; but not so many as there used to be many years ago. The forest is
almost all cleared, and there are fields of wheat and Indian corn, and
nice farms and pretty houses, where a few years back the lofty forest grew
dark and thick."

"Nurse, you said there were acorns, and hickory-nuts, and beech-mast in
the basket. I have seen acorns at home in dear England and Scotland, and I
have eaten the hickory-nuts here; but what is beech-mast? Is it in
granaries for winter stores; and wild ducks and wild pigeons come from the
far north at the season when the beech-mast fall, to eat them; for God
teaches these, His creatures, to know the times and the seasons when His
bounteous hand is open to give them food from His boundless store. A great
many other birds and beasts also feed upon the beech-mast."

"It was very good of your brother to send me this pretty creature,
nurse," said the little lady; "I will ask Papa to give him some money."

"There is no need of that, Lady Mary. My brother is not in want; he has a
farm in the Upper Province, and is very well off."

"I am glad he is well off," said Lady Mary; "indeed, I do not see so many
beggars here as in England."

"People need not beg in Canada, if they are well and strong and can work;
a poor man can soon earn enough money to keep himself and his little ones."

"Nurse, will you be so kind as to ask Campbell to get a pretty cage for
my squirrel? I will let him live close to my dormice, who will be pleasant
company for him, and I will feed him every day myself with nuts and sugar,
and sweet cake and white bread. Now do not tremble and look so frightened,
as though I were going to hurt you; and pray, Mr. Squirrel, do not bite.
Oh! nurse, nurse, the wicked, spiteful creature has bitten my finger! See,
see, it has made it bleed! Naughty thing! I will not love you if you bite.
Pray, nurse, bind up my finger, or it will soil my frock."

Great was the pity bestowed upon the wound by Lady Mary's kind attendant,
till the little girl, tired of hearing so much said about the bitten
finger, gravely desired her maid to go in search of the cage, and catch
the truant, which had effected its escape, and was clinging to the
curtains of the bed. The cage was procured--a large wooden cage, with an
outer and an inner chamber, a bar for the little fellow to swing himself
on, and a drawer for his food, and a little dish for his water. The
sleeping-room was furnished by the nurse with soft wool, and a fine store
of nuts was put in the drawer; all his wants were well supplied, and Lady
Mary watched the catching of the little animal with much interest. Great
was the activity displayed by the runaway squirrel, and still greater the
astonishment evinced by the Governor's little daughter, at the flying
leaps made by the squirrel in its attempts to elude the grasp of its
pursuers.

"It flies! I am sure it must have wings. Look, look, nurse! it is here,
now it is on the wall, now on the curtains! It must have wings, but it has
no feathers!"

"It has no wings, dear lady, but it has a fine ridge of fur, that covers
a strong sinew or muscle between the fore and hinder legs; and it is by
the help of this muscle that it is able to spring so far, and so fast; and
its claws are so sharp that it can cling to a wall, or any flat surface.
The black and red squirrels, and the common grey, can jump very far, and
run up the bark of the trees very fast, but not so fast as the flying
squirrel."

At last Lady Mary's maid, with the help of one of the housemaids,
succeeded in catching the squirrel, and securing him within his cage. But
though Lady Mary tried all her words of endearment to coax the little
creature to eat some of the good things that had been provided so
liberally for his entertainment, he remained sullen and motionless at the
bottom of the cage. A captive is no less a captive in a cage with gilded
bars, and with dainties to eat, than if rusted iron shut him in, and kept
him from enjoying his freedom. It is for dear liberty that he pines, and
is sad, even in the midst of plenty!

"Dear nurse, why does my little squirrel tremble and look so unhappy?
Tell me if he wants anything to eat that we have not given him. Why does
he not lie down and sleep on the nice soft bed you have made for him in
his little chamber? See, he has not tasted the nice sweet cake and sugar
that I gave him."

"He is not used to such dainties, Lady Mary. In the forest, he feeds upon
hickory-nuts, and butter-nuts, and acorns, and beech-mast, and the buds of
the spruce, fir and pine kernels, and many other seeds and nuts and
berries, that we could not get for him; he loves grain too, and Indian
corn. He sleeps on green moss and leaves, and fine fibres of grass and
roots; and drinks heaven's blessed dew, as it lies bright and pure upon
the herbs of the field."

"Dear little squirrel, pretty creature! I know now what makes you sad.
You long to be abroad among your own green woods, and sleeping on the soft
green moss, which is far prettier than this ugly cotton wool. But you
shall stay with me, my sweet one, till the cold winter is passed and gone,
and the spring flowers have come again; and then, my pretty squirrel, I
will take you out of your dull cage, and we will go to St. Helen's green
island, and I will let you go free; but I will put a scarlet collar about
your neck before I let you go, that, if any one finds you, they may know
that you are my squirrel. Were you ever in the green forest, nurse? I hear
Papa talk about the 'Bush' and the 'Backwoods;' it must be very pleasant
in the summer, to live among the green trees. Were you ever there?"

"Yes, dear lady, I did live in the woods when I was a child. I was born
in a little log-shanty, far, far away up the country, near a beautiful
lake, called Rice Lake, among woods, and valleys, and hills covered with
flowers, and groves of pine, and white and black oaks."

"Stop, nurse, and tell me why they are called black and white; are the
flowers black and white?"

"No, my lady; it is because the wood of the one is darker than the other,
and the leaves of the black oak are dark and shining, while those of the
white oak are brighter and lighter. The black oak is a beautiful tree.
When I was a young girl, I used to like to climb the sides of the steep
valleys, and look down upon the tops of the oaks that grew beneath; and to
watch the wind lifting the boughs all glittering in the moonlight; they
looked like a sea of ruffled green water. It is very solemn, Lady Mary, to
be in the woods by night, and to hear no sound but the cry of the great
wood-owl, or the voice of the whip-poor-will, calling to his fellow from
the tamarack swamp; or, may be, the timid bleating of a fawn that has lost
its mother, or the howl of a wolf."

"Nurse, I should be so afraid; I am sure I should cry if I heard the
wicked wolves howling in the dark woods, by night. Did you ever know any
one who was eaten by a wolf?"

"No, my lady; the Canadian wolf is a great coward. I have heard the
hunters say, that they never attack any one, unless there is a great flock
together and the man is alone and unarmed. My uncle used to go out a great
deal hunting, sometimes by torchlight, and sometimes on the lake in a
canoe, with the Indians; and he shot and trapped a great many wolves and
foxes and racoons. He has a great many heads of wild animals nailed up on
the stoup in front of his log-house."

"Please tell me what a stoup is, nurse?"

"A verandah, my lady, is the same thing, only the old Dutch settlers gave
it the name of a stoup; and the stoup is heavier and broader, and not
quite so nicely made as a verandah. One day my uncle was crossing the lake
on the ice; it was a cold winter afternoon; he was in a hurry to take some
food to his brothers, who were drawing pine-logs in the bush. He had,
besides a bag of meal and flour, a new axe on his shoulder. He heard steps
as of a dog trotting after him; he turned his head, and there he saw close
at his heels, a big, hungry-looking grey wolf; he stopped and faced about,
and the big beast stopped and showed his white sharp teeth. My uncle did
not feel afraid, but looked steadily at the wolf, as much as to say,
'Follow me if you dare,' and walked on. When my uncle stopped, the wolf
stopped; when he went on, the beast also went on.

"I would have run away," said Lady Mary.

"If my uncle had let the wolf see that he was afraid of him, he would
have grown bolder, and have run after him and seized him. All animals are
afraid of brave men, but not of cowards. When the beast came too near, my
uncle faced him, and showed the bright axe, and the wolf then shrank back
a few paces. When my uncle got near the shore, he heard a long wild cry,
as if from twenty wolves at once. It might have been the echoes from the
islands that increased the sound; but it was very frightful, and made his
blood chill, for he knew that without his rifle he should stand a poor
chance against a large pack of hungry wolves. Just then a gun went off; he
heard the wolf give a terrible yell, he felt the whizzing of a bullet pass
him, and, turning about, saw the wolf lying dead on the ice. A loud shout
from the cedars in front told him from whom the shot came; it was my
father, who had been on the look-out on the lake shore, and he had fired
at and hit the wolf, when he saw that he could do so without hurting his
brother."

"Nurse, it would have been a sad thing if the gun had shot your uncle."

"It would; but my father was one of the best shots in the district, and
could hit a white spot on the bark of a tree at a great distance without
missing. It was an old Indian from Buckhorn Lake, who taught him to shoot
deer by torchlight, and to trap beavers."

"Well, I am glad that horrid wolf was killed, for wolves eat sheep and
lambs; and I dare say they would devour my little squirrel if they could
get him. Nurse, please to tell me again the name of the lake near which
you were born."

"It is called Rice Lake, my lady. It is a fine piece of water, more than
twenty miles long, and from three to five miles broad. It has pretty
wooded islands, and several rivers or streams empty themselves into it.
The Otonabee River is a fine broad stream, which flows through the forest
a long way. Many years ago, there were no clearings on the banks, and no
houses, only Indian tents or wigwams; but now, there are a great many
houses and farms."

"What are wigwams?"

"A sort of light tent, made with poles stuck into the ground, in a
circle, fastened together at the top, and covered on the outside with
skins of wild animals, or with birch bark. The Indians light a fire of
sticks and logs on the ground, in the middle of the wigwam, and lie or sit
all round it; the smoke goes up to the top and escapes. In the winter,
they bank it up with snow, and it is very warm."

"I think it must be a very ugly sort of house; and I am glad I do not
live in an Indian wigwam," said the little lady.

"The Indians are a very simple folk, my lady, and do not need fine
houses, like this in which your papa lives. They do not know the names or
uses of half the fine things that are in the houses of the white people.
They are happy and contented without them. It is not the richest that are
happiest, Lady Mary, and the Lord careth for the poor and the lowly. There
is a village on the shores of Rice Lake where the Indians live. It is not
very pretty. The houses are all built of logs, and some of them have
gardens and orchards. They have a neat church, and they have a good
minister, who takes great pains to teach them the Gospel of the Lord Jesus
Christ. The poor Indians were Pagans until within the last few years."

"What are Pagans, nurse?"

"People, Lady Mary, who do not believe in God, and the Lord Jesus Christ,
our blessed Saviour."

"Nurse, is there real rice growing in the Rice Lake? I heard my governess
say that rice grew only in warm countries. Now, your lake must be very
cold if your uncle walked across the ice."

"This rice, my lady, is not real rice. I heard a gentleman tell my father,
that it was, properly speaking, a species of oats, [Footnote: Zizania or
water oats.]--water oats he called it, but the common name for it is wild
rice. This wild rice grows in vast beds in the lake, in patches of many
acres. It will grow in water from eight to ten or twelve feet deep; the
grassy leaves float upon the water like long narrow green ribbons. In the
month of August, the stem that is to bear the flower and the grain rises
straight up, above the surface, and light delicate blossoms come out of a
pale straw colour and lilac. They are very pretty, and wave in the wind
with a rustling noise. In the month of October, when the rice is ripe, the
leaves turn yellow, and the rice-heads grow heavy and droop; then the
squaws--as the Indian women are called--go out in their birch-bark canoes,
holding in one hand a stick, in the other a short curved paddle, with a
sharp edge. With this, they bend down the rice across the stick, and strike
off the heads, which fall into the canoe, as they push it along through the
rice-beds. In this way they collect a great many bushels in the course of
the day. The wild rice is not the least like the rice which your ladyship
has eaten; it is thin and covered with a light chaffy husk. The colour of
the grain itself is a brownish green, or olive, smooth, shining, and
brittle. After separating the outward chaff, the squaws put by a large
portion of the clean rice in its natural state for sale; for this they get
from a dollar and a half to two dollars a bushel. Some they parch, either
in large pots, or on mats made of the inner bark of cedar or bass wood,
beneath which they light a slow fire, and plant around it a temporary hedge
of green boughs, closely set to prevent the heat from escaping; they also
plant stakes, over which they stretch the matting at a certain height above
the fire. On this they spread the green rice, stirring it about with wooden
paddles, till it is properly parched; this is known by its bursting and
showing the white grain of the flour. When quite cool it is stowed away in
troughs, scooped out of butter-nut wood, or else sewed up in sheets of
birch-bark or bass-mats, or in coarsely made birch-bark baskets."

"And is the rice good to eat, nurse?"

"Some people like it as well as the white rice of Carolina; but it does
not look so well. It is a great blessing to the poor Indians, who boil it
in their soups, or eat it with maple molasses. And they eat it when
parched without any other cooking, when they are on a long journey in the
woods, or on the lakes. I have often eaten nice puddings made of it with
milk. The deer feed upon the green rice. They swim into the water, and eat
the green leaves and tops. The Indians go out at night to shoot the deer
on the water; they listen for them, and shoot them in the dark. The wild
ducks and water-fowls come down in great flocks to fatten on the ripe rice
in the fall of the year; also large flocks of rice buntings and red wings
which make their roosts among the low willows, flags, and lilies close to
the shallows of the lake."

"It seems very useful to birds as well as to men and beasts," said little
Lady Mary.

"Yes, my lady, and to fishes also, I make no doubt; for the good God has
cast it so abundantly abroad on the waters, that I dare say they also have
their share. When the rice is fully ripe, the sun shining on it gives it a
golden hue, just like a field of ripened grain. Surrounded by the deep
blue waters, it looks very pretty."

"I am very much obliged to you, nurse, for telling me so much about the
Indian rice, and I will ask mamma to let me have some one day for my
dinner, that I may know how it tastes."

Just then Lady Mary's governess came to bid her nurse dress her for a
sleigh-ride, and so for the present we shall leave her; but we will tell
our little readers something more in another chapter about Lady Mary and
her flying squirrel.



CHAPTER II.

SLEIGHING--SLEIGH ROBES--FUR CAPS--OTTER SKINS--OLD SNOW-STORM--OTTER
HUNTING--OTTER SLIDES--INDIAN NAMES--REMARKS ON WILD ANIMALS AND THEIR
HABITS.


"Nurse, we have had a very nice sleigh-drive. I like sleighing very much
over the white snow. The trees look so pretty, as if they were covered
with white flowers, and the ground sparkled just like mamma's diamonds."

"It is pleasant, Lady Mary, to ride through the woods on a bright
sunshiny day, after a fresh fall of snow. The young evergreens, hemlocks,
balsams, and spruce-trees, are loaded with great masses of the new-fallen
snow; while the slender saplings of the beech, birch, and basswood are
bent down to the very ground, making bowers so bright and beautiful, you
would be delighted to see them. Sometimes, as you drive along, great
masses of the snow come showering down upon you; but it is so light and
dry, that it shakes off without wetting you. It is pleasant to be wrapped
up in warm blankets, or buffalo robes, at the bottom of a lumber-sleigh,
and to travel through the forest by moonlight; the merry bells echoing
through the silent woods, and the stars just peeping down through the
frosted trees, which sparkle like diamonds in the moonbeams."

"Nurse, I should like to take a drive through the forest in winter. It is
so nice to hear the sleigh-bells. We used sometimes to go out in the snow
in Scotland, but we were in the carriage, and had no bells."

"No, Lady Mary: the snow seldom lies long enough in the old country to
make it worth while to have sleighs there; but in Russia and Sweden, and
other cold Northern countries, they use sleighs with bells."

Lady Mary ran to the little bookcase where she had a collection of
children's books, and very soon found, in one of Peter Parley's books, a
picture of Laplanders and Russians wrapped in furs sleighing.

"How long will the winter last, nurse?" said the child, after she had
tired herself with looking at the prints; "a long, long time--a great many
weeks?--a great many months?"

"Yes, my lady; five or six months."

"Oh, that is nice--nearly half a year of white snow, and sleigh-drives
every day, and bells ringing all the time! I tried to make out a tune, but
they only seemed to say, 'Up-hill, up-hill! down-hill, down-hill!' all the
way. Nurse, please tell me what are sleigh-robes made of?"

"Some sleigh-robes, Lady Mary, are made of bear-skins, lined with red or
blue flannel; some are of wolf-skins, lined with bright scarlet cloth; and
some of racoon; the commonest are buffalo-skins: I have seen some of
deer-skins, but these last are not so good, as the hair comes off, and they
are not so warm as the skins of the furred or woolly-coated animals."

"I sometimes see long tails hanging down over the backs of the sleigh and
cutters--they look very pretty, like the end of mamma's boa."

"The wolf and racoon skin robes are generally made up with the tails, and
sometimes the heads of the animals are also left. I noticed the head of a
wolf, with its sharp ears, and long white teeth, looking very fierce, at
the back of a cutter, the other day."

"Nurse, that must have looked very droll. Do you know, I saw a gentleman
the other day, walking with papa, who had a fox-skin cap on his head, and
the fox's nose was just peeping over his shoulder, and the tail hung down
his back, and I saw its bright black eyes looking so cunning. I thought it
must be alive, and that it had curled itself round his head; but the
gentleman took it off, and showed me that the eyes were glass."

"Some hunters, Lady Mary, make caps of otter, mink, or badger skins, and
ornament them with the tails, heads, and claws."

"I have seen a picture of the otter, nurse; it is a pretty, soft-looking
thing, with a round head and black eyes. Where do otters live?"

"The Canadian otters, Lady Mary, live in holes in the banks of sedgy,
shallow lakes, mill-ponds, and sheltered creeks. The Indian hunters find
their haunts by tracking their steps in the snow; for an Indian or
Canadian hunter knows the track made by any bird or beast, from the deep
broad print of the bear, to the tiny one of the little shrewmouse, which
is the smallest four-footed beast in this or any other country.

"Indians catch the otter, and many other wild animals, in a sort of trap,
which they call a 'dead-fall.' Wolves are often so trapped, and then shot.
The Indians catch the otter for the sake of its dark shining fur, which is
used by the hatters and furriers. Old Jacob Snowstorm, an old Indian who
lived on the banks of the Rice Lake, used to catch otters; and I have
often listened to him, and laughed at his stories."

"Do, please, nurse, tell me what old Jacob Snow-storm told you about the
otters; I like to hear stories about wild beasts. But what a droll surname
Snow-storm is!"

"Yes, Lady Mary; Indians have very odd names; they are called after all
sorts of strange things. They do not name the children, as we do, soon
after they are born, but wait for some remarkable circumstance, some dream
or accident. Some call them after the first strange animal or bird that
appears to the new-born. Old Snow-storm most likely owed his name to a
heavy fall of snow when he was a baby. I knew a chief named Musk-rat, and
a pretty Indian girl who was named 'Badau'-bun,' or the 'Light of the
Morning.'"

"And what is the Indian name for Old Snow-storm?"

"'Be-che-go-ke-poor,' my lady."

Lady Mary said it was a funny sounding name, and not at all like
Snow-storm, which she liked a great deal better; and she was much amused
while her nurse repeated to her some names of squaws and papooses (Indian
women and children); such as Long Thrush, Little Fox, Running Stream,
Snow-bird, Red Cloud, Young Eagle, Big Bush, and many others.

"Now, nurse, will you tell me some more about Jacob Snow-storm and the
otters?"

"Well, Lady Mary, the old man had a cap of otter-skin, of which he was
very proud, and only wore on great days. One day as he was playing with
it, he said:--'Otter funny fellow; he like play too, sometimes. Indian go
hunting up Ottawa, that great big river, you know. Go one moonlight night;
lie down under bushes in snow: see lot of little fellow and big fellow at
play. Run tip and down bank; bank all ice. Sit down top of bank; good
slide there. Down he go splash into water; out again. Funny fellow those!'
And then the old hunter threw back his head, and laughed, till you could
have seen all his white teeth, he opened his mouth so wide."

Lady Mary was very much amused at the comical way in which the old Indian
talked.

"Can otters swim, nurse?"

"Yes, Lady Mary; the good God, who has created all things well, has given
to this animal webbed feet, which enable it to swim; and it can also dive
down in the deep water, where it finds fish and mussels, and perhaps the
roots of some water-plants to eat. It makes very little motion or
disturbance in the water when it goes down in search of its prey. Its coat
is thick, and formed of two kinds of hair; the outer hair is long, silky,
and shining; the under part is short, fine, and warm. The water cannot
penetrate to wet them,--the oily nature of the fur throws off the
moisture. They dig large holes with their claws, which are short, but very
strong. They line their nests with dry grass and rushes and roots gnawed
fine, and do not pass the winter in sleep, as the dormice, flying
squirrels, racoons, and bears do. They are very innocent and playful, both
when young and even after they grow old. The lumberers often tame them,
and they become so docile that they will come at a call or whistle. Like
all wild animals, they are most lively at night, when they come out to
feed and play."

"Dear little things! I should like to have a tame otter to play with, and
run after me; but do you think he would eat my squirrel? You know cats
will eat squirrels--so mamma says."

"Cats belong to a very different class of animals; they are beasts of
prey, formed to spring and bound, and tear with their teeth and claws. The
otter is also a beast of prey, but its prey is found in the still waters,
and not on the land; it can neither climb nor leap. So I do not think he
would hurt your squirrel, if you had one."

"See, nurse, my dear little squirrel is still where I left him, clinging
to the wires of the cage, his bright eyes looking like two black beads."

"As soon as it grows dark he will begin to be more lively, and perhaps he
will eat something, but not while we look at him--he is too shy for that."

"Nurse, how can they see to eat in the dark?"

"The good God, Lady Mary, has so formed their eyes that they can see best
by night. I will read you, Lady Mary, a few Verses from Psalm civ.:--

  "Verse 19. He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun knoweth his
   going down.

   20. Thou makest darkness, and it is night: wherein all the beasts
       of the forest do creep forth.

   21. The young lions roar after their prey, and seek their meat from
       God.

   22. The sun ariseth, they gather themselves together, and lay them
       down in their dens.

   23. Man goeth forth unto his work and to his labour until the
       evening.

   24. O Lord, how manifold are thy works! in wisdom hast thou made
       them all: the eath is full of thy riches.

"Thus you see, my dear lady, that our heavenly Father taketh care of all
his creatures, and provideth for them both by day and by night."

"I remember, nurse, that my dormice used to lie quite still, nestled
among the moss and wool in their little dark chamber in the cage, all day
long; but when it was night they used to come out and frisk about, and run
along the wires, and play all sorts of tricks, chasing one another round
and round, and they were not afraid of me, but would let me look at them
while they ate a nut, or a bit of sugar; and the dear little things would
drink out of their little white saucer, and wash their faces and tails--it
was so pretty to see them!"

"Did you notice, Lady Mary, how the dormice held their food?"

"Yes, they sat up, and held it in their fore-paws, which looked just like
tiny hands."

"There are many animals whose fore-feet resemble hands, and these,
generally, convey their food to their mouths--among these are the squirrel
and dormice. They are good climbers and diggers. You see, my dear young
lady, how the merciful Creator has given to all his creatures, however
lowly, the best means of supplying their wants, whether of food or
shelter."

"Indeed, nurse, I have learned a great deal about squirrels, Canadian
rice, otters, and Indians; but, if you please, I must now have a little
play with my doll. Good-bye, Mrs. Frazer,--pray take care of my dear
little squirrel, and mind that he does not fly away." And Lady Mary was
soon busily engaged in drawing her wax doll about the nursery in a little
sleigh lined with red squirrel fur robes, and talking to her as all
children like to talk to their dolls, whether they be rich or poor--the
children of peasants, or governors' daughters.



CHAPTER III.

LADY MARY READS TO MRS. FRAZER THE FIRST PART OF THE HISTORY OF THE
SQUIRREL FAMILY.


One day Lady Mary came to her nurse, and putting her arms about her neck,
whispered to her,--"Mrs. Frazer, my dear good governess has given me
something--it is in my hand," and she slily held her hand behind her--
"will you guess what it is?"

"Is it a book, my lady?"

"Yes, yes, it is a book, a pretty book; and see, here are pictures of
squirrels in it. Mrs. Frazer, if you like, I will sit down on this cushion
by you and read some of my new book. It does not seem very hard."

Then Mrs. Frazer took out her work-basket and sat down to sew, and Lady
Mary began to read the little story, which, I hope, may entertain my
little readers as much as it did the Governor's daughter.

THE HISTORY OF A SQUIRREL FAMILY

It must be a pleasant thing to be a squirrel, and live a life of freedom
in the boundless forests; to leap and bound among the branches of the tall
trees; to gambol in the deep shade of the cool glossy leaves, through the
long warm summer day; to gather the fresh nuts and berries; to drink the
pure dews of heaven, all bright and sparkling from the opening flowers; to
sleep on soft beds of moss and thistle-down in some hollow branch rocked
by the wind as in a cradle. Yet, though this was the happy life led by a
family of pretty grey squirrels that had their dwelling in the hoary
branch of an old oak-tree that grew on one of the rocky islands in a
beautiful lake in Upper Canada, called _Stony Lake_ (because it was
full of rocky islands), these little creatures were far from being
contented, and were always wishing for a change. Indeed, they had been
very happy, till one day when a great black squirrel swam to the island
and paid them a visit. He was a very fine handsome fellow, nearly twice as
large as any of the grey squirrels; he had a tail that flourished over his
back, when he set it up, like a great black feather; his claws were sharp
and strong, and his eyes very round and bright; he had upright ears, and
long, sharp teeth, of which he made good use. The old grey squirrels
called him cousin, and invited him to dinner. They very civilly set before
him some acorns and beech-nuts; but he proved a hungry visitor, and ate as
much as would have fed the whole family for a week. After the grey
squirrels had cleared away the shells and scraps, they asked their greedy
guest where he came from, when Blackie told them he was a great traveller,
and had seen many wonderful things; that he had once lived on a forked
pine at the head of the Waterfall, but being tired of a dull life, he had
gone out on his travels to see the world; that he had been down the lake,
and along the river shore, where there were great places cut out in the
thick forest, called clearings, where some very tall creatures lived, who
were called men and women, with young ones called children; that though
they were not so pretty as squirrels--for they had no fur on them, and
were obliged to make clothes to cover them and keep them warm--they were
very useful, and sowed corn and planted fruit-trees and roots for
squirrels to eat, and even built large grain stores to keep it safe and
dry for them.

This seemed very strange, and the simple little grey squirrels were very
much pleased, and said they should like very much to go down the lakes
too, and see these wonderful things.

The black squirrel then told them that there were many things to be seen
in these clearings: that there were large beasts, called oxen, and cows,
and sheep, and pigs; and these creatures had houses built for them to live
in; and all the men and women seemed to employ themselves about, was
feeding and taking care of them.

Now this cunning fellow never told his simple cousins that the oxen had
to bear a heavy wooden yoke and chain, and were made to work very hard;
nor that the cows were fed that they might give milk to the children; nor
that the pigs were fatted to make pork; nor that the sheep had their warm
fleeces cut off every year that the settlers might have the wool to spin
and weave. Blackie did not say that the men carried guns, and the dogs
were fierce, and would hunt poor squirrels from tree to tree, frightening
them almost to death with their loud, angry barking; that cats haunted the
barns and houses, and, in short, that there were dangers as well as
pleasures to be met with in these clearings; and that the barns were built
to shelter the grain for men, and not for the benefit of squirrels.

The black squirrel proved rather a troublesome guest, for he stayed
several days, and ate so heartily, that the old grey squirrels were
obliged to hint that he had better go back to the clearings, where there
was so much food, for that their store was nearly done.

When Blackie found that all the nice nuts were eaten, and that even
pine-kernels and beech-nuts were becoming scarce, he went away, saying that
he should soon come again.

The old grey squirrels were glad when they saw the tip of Blackie's tail
disappear, as he whisked down the trunk of the old oak; but their young
ones were very sorry that he was gone, for they liked very much to listen
to all his wonderful stories, which they thought were true; and they told
their father and mother how they wished they would leave the dull island
and the old tree, and go down the lakes, and see the wonderful things that
their black cousin had described.

But the old ones shook their heads, and said they feared there was more
fiction than truth in the tales they had heard, and that if they were wise
they would stay where they were. "What do you want more, my dear
children," said their mother, "than you enjoy here? Have you not this
grand old oak for a palace to live in; its leaves and branches spreading
like a canopy over your heads, to shelter you from the hot sun by day and
the dews by night? Are there not moss, dried grass, and roots beneath, to
make a soft bed for you to lie upon? and do not the boughs drop down a
plentiful store of brown ripe acorns? That silver lake, studded with
islands of all shapes and sizes, produces cool clear water for you to
drink and bathe yourselves in. Look at those flowers that droop their
blossoms down to its glassy surface, and the white lilies that rest upon
its bosom,--will you see anything fairer or better if you leave this
place? Stay at home and be contented."

"If I hear any more grumbling," said their father, "I shall pinch your
ears and tails." So the little squirrels said no more, but I am sorry to
say they did not pay much heed to their wise, old mother's counsels; for
whenever they were alone, all their talk was how to run away, and go
abroad to see the world, as their black cousin had called the new
settlement down the lakes. It never came into the heads of the silly
creatures that those wonderful stories they had been told originated in an
artful scheme of the greedy black squirrel, to induce them to leave their
warm pleasant house in the oak, that he and his children might come and
live in it, and get the hoards of grain, and nuts, and acorns, that their
father and mother had been laying up for winter stores.

Moreover, the wily black squirrel had privately told them that their
father and mother intended to turn them out of the nest very soon, and
make provision for a new family. This indeed was really the case; for as
soon as young animals can provide for themselves, their parents turn them
off, and care no more for them. Very different, indeed, is this from our
parents; for they love and cherish us as long as they live, and afford us
a home and shelter as long as we need it.

Every hour these little grey squirrels grew more and more impatient to
leave the lonely little rocky island, though it was a pretty spot, and the
place of their birth; but they were now eager to go abroad and seek their
fortunes.

"Let us keep our own counsel," said Nimble-foot to his sisters Velvet-paw
and Silver-nose, "or we may chance to get our tails pulled; but be all
ready for a start by early dawn to-morrow."

Velvet-paw and Silver-nose said they would be up before sunrise, as they
should have a long voyage down the lake, and agreed to rest on Pine Island
near the opening of Clear Lake. "And then take to the shore and travel
through the woods, where, no doubt, we shall have a pleasant time," said
Nimble-foot, who was the most hopeful of the party.

The sun was scarcely yet risen over the fringe of dark pines that skirted
the shores of the lake, and a soft creamy mist hung on the surface of the
still waters, which were unruffled by the slightest breeze. The little grey
squirrels awoke, and looked sleepily out from the leafy screen that shaded
their mossy nest. The early notes of the wood-thrush and song-sparrow, with
the tender warbling of the tiny wren, sounded sweetly in the still, dewy
morning air; while from a cedar swamp was heard the trill of the green
frogs, which the squirrels thought very pretty music. As the sun rose above
the tops of the trees, the mist rolled off in light fleecy clouds, and soon
was lost in the blue sky, or lay in large bright drops on the cool grass
and shining leaves. Then all the birds awoke, and the insects shook their
gauzy wings which had been folded all the night in the flower-cups, and the
flowers began to lift their heads, and the leaves to expand to catch the
golden light. There was a murmur on the water as it played among the
sedges, and lifted the broad floating leaves of the white water-lilies,
with their carved ivory cups; and the great green, brown, and blue
dragon-flies rose with a whirring sound, and darted to and fro among the
water flowers.

It is a glorious sight to see the sun rise at any time, for then we can
look upon him without having our eyes dazzled with the brightness of his
beams; and though there were no men and women and little children, in the
lonely waters and woods, to lift up their hands and voices in prayer and
praise to God, who makes the sun to rise each day, yet no doubt the great
Creator is pleased to see his creatures rejoice in the blessings of light
and heat.

Lightly running down the rugged bark of the old oak-tree, the little
squirrels bade farewell to their island home--to the rocks, mosses, ferns,
and flowers that had sheltered them, among which they had so often chased
each other in merry gambols. They thought little of all this, when they
launched themselves on the silver bosom of the cool lake.

"How easy it is to swim in this clear water!" said Silver-nose to her
sister Velvet-paw. "We shall not be long in reaching yonder island, and
there, no doubt, we shall get a good breakfast."

So the little swimmers proceeded on their voyage, furrowing the calm
waters as they glided noiselessly along; their soft grey heads and ears
and round black eyes only being seen, and the bright streaks caused by the
motion of their tails, which lay flat on the surface, looking like silver
threads gently floating on the stream.

Not being much used to the fatigue of swimming, the little squirrels were
soon tired, and if it had not been for a friendly bit of stick that
happened to float near her, poor Velvet-paw would have been drowned;
however, she got up on the stick, and, setting up her fine broad tail, went
merrily on, and soon passed Nimble-foot and Silver-nose. The current drew
the stick towards the Pine Island that lay at the entrance of Clear Lake,
and Velvet-paw leaped ashore, and sat down on a mossy stone to dry her fur,
and watch for her brother and sister: they, too, found a large piece of
birch-bark which the winds had blown into the water, and as a little breeze
had sprung up to waft them along, they were not very long before they
landed on the island. They were all very glad when they met again, after
the perils and fatigues of the voyage. The first thing to be done was to
look for something to eat, for their early rising had made them very
hungry. They found abundance of pine-cones strewn on the ground, but, alas
for our little squirrels! very few kernels in them; for the crossbills and
chiccadees had been at work for many weeks on the trees; and also many
families of their poor relations, the chitmunks or ground squirrels, had
not been idle, as our little voyagers could easily guess by the chips and
empty cones round their holes. So, weary as they were, they were obliged to
run up the tall pine and hemlock trees, to search among the cones that grew
on their very top branches. While our squirrels were busy with the few
kernels they chanced to find, they were startled from their repast by the
screams of a large slate-coloured hawk, and Velvet-paw very narrowly
escaped being pounced upon and carried off in its sharp-hooked talons.
Silver-nose at the same time was nearly frightened to death by the keen
round eyes of a cunning racoon, which had come within a few feet of the
mossy branch of an old cedar, where she sat picking the seeds out of a dry
head of a blue flag-flower she had found on the shore. Silvy, at this
sight, gave a spring that left her many yards beyond her sharp-sighted
enemy.

A lively note of joy was uttered by Nimblefoot, for, perched at his ease on
a top branch of the hemlock-tree, he had seen the bound made by
Silver-nose.

"Well jumped, Silvy," said he; "Mister Coon must be a smart fellow to
equal that. But look sharp, or you will get your neck wrung yet; I see we
must keep a good look-out in this strange country."

"I begin to wish we were safe back again in our old one," whined Silvy,
who was much frightened by the danger she had just escaped.

"Pooh, pooh, child; don't be a coward," said Nimble, laughing.

"Cousin Blackie never told us there were hawks and coons on this island,"
said Velvet-paw.

"My dear, he thought we were too brave to be afraid of hawks and coons,"
said Nimble. "For my part, I think it is a fine thing to go out a little
into the world. We should never see anything better than the sky and the
water, and the old oak-tree on that little island."

"Ay, but I think it is safer to see than to be seen," said Silvy, "for
hawks and eagles have strong beaks, and racoons sharp claws and
hungry-looking teeth; and it is not very pleasant, Nimble, to be obliged to
look out for such wicked creatures."

"Oh, true indeed," said Nimble; "if it had not been for that famous jump
you made, Silvy, and, Velvet, your two admirers, the hawk and racoon,
would soon have hid all your beauties from the world, and put a stop to
your travels."

"It is very well for brother Nimble to make light of our dangers,"
whispered Velvet-paw, "but let us see how he will jump if a big eagle were
to pounce down to carry him off."

"Yes, yes," said Silvy; "it is easy to brag before one is in danger."

The squirrels thought they would now go and look for some
partridge-berries, of which they were very fond, for the pine-kernels were
but dry husky food after all.

There were plenty of the pretty white star-shaped blossoms, growing all
over the ground under the pine-trees, but the bright scarlet twin-berries
were not yet ripe. In winter the partridges eat this fruit from under the
snow; and it furnishes food for many little animals as well as birds. The
leaves are small, of a dark green, and the white flowers have a very fine
fragrant scent. Though the runaways found none of these berries fit to
eat, they saw some ripe strawberries among the bushes; and, having
satisfied their hunger, began to grow very merry, and whisked here and
there and everywhere, peeping into this hole and under that stone.
Sometimes they had a good game of play, chasing one another up and down
the trees, chattering and squeaking as grey squirrels only can chatter and
squeak, when they are gambolling about in the wild woods of Canada.

Indeed, they made such a noise, that the great ugly black snakes lifted
up their heads, and stared at them with their wicked spiteful-looking
eyes, and the little ducklings swimming among the water-lilies, gathered
round their mother, and a red-winged blackbird perched on a dead tree gave
alarm to the rest of the flock by calling out, _Geck, geck, geck,_ as
loudly as he could. In the midst of their frolics, Nimble skipped into a
hollow log--but was glad to run out again; for a porcupine covered with
sharp spines was there, and was so angry at being disturbed, that he stuck
one of his spines into poor Nimble-foot's soft velvet nose, and there it
would have remained if Silvy had not seized it with her teeth and pulled
it out. Nimble-foot squeaked sadly, and would not play any longer, but
rolled himself up and went to sleep in a red-headed woodpecker's old nest;
while Silvy and Velvet-paw frisked about in the moonlight, and when tired
of play got up into an old oak which had a large hollow place in the crown
of it, and fell asleep, fancying, no doubt, that they were on the rocky
island in Stony Lake; and so we will bid them good night, and wish them
pleasant dreams.

       *       *       *       *       *

Lady Mary had read a long while, and was now tired; so she kissed her
nurse, and-said "Now, Mrs. Frazer, I will play with my doll, and feed my
squirrel and my dormice."

The dormice were two soft, brown creatures, almost as pretty and as
innocent as the squirrel, and a great deal tamer; and they were called
Jeannette and Jeannot, and would come when they were called by their
names, and take a bit of cake or a lump of sugar out of the fingers of
their little mistress. Lady Mary had two canaries, Dick and Pet; and she
loved her dormice and birds, and her new pet the flying squirrel, very
much, and never let them want for food, or water, or any nice thing she
could get for them. She liked the history of the grey squirrels very much;
and was quite eager to get her book the next afternoon, to read the second
part of the adventures and wanderings of the family.



PART II.

WHICH TELLS HOW THE GREY SQUIRRELS GET ON WHILE THEY REMAINED ON PINE
ISLAND--HOW THEY BEHAVED TO THEIR POOR RELATIONS, THE CHITMUNKS--AND WHAT
HAPPENED TO THEM IN THE FOREST.


It was noon when the little squirrels awoke, and, of course, they were
quite ready for their breakfast; but there was no good, kind old mother to
provide for their wants, and to bring nuts, acorns, roots, or fruit for
them; they must now get up, go forth, and seek food for themselves. When
Velvet-paw and Silver-nose went to call Nimble-foot, they were surprised
to find his nest empty; but after searching a long while, they found him
sitting on the root of an upturned tree, looking at a family of little
chitmunks busily picking over the pine-cones on the ground; but as soon as
one of the poor little fellows, with great labour, had dug out a kernel,
and was preparing to eat it, down leaped Nimble-foot, and carried off the
prize; and if one of the little chitmunks ventured to say a word, he very
uncivilly gave him a scratch, or bit his ears, calling him a mean, shabby
fellow.

Now, the chitmunks were really very pretty. They were, to be sure, not
more than half the size of the grey squirrels, and their fur was short,
without the soft thick glossy look upon it of the grey squirrels'. They
were of a lively tawny yellow-brown colour, with long black and white
stripes down their backs; their tails were not so long nor so thickly
furred; and instead of living in the trees, they made their nests in logs
and wind-falls, and had their granaries and winter houses too under
ground, where they made warm nests of dried moss and grass and
thistledown; to these they had several entrances, so that they had always
a chance of refuge if danger were nigh. Like the dormice, flying
squirrels, and ground hogs, they slept soundly during the cold weather,
only awakening when the warm spring sun had melted the snow. [Footnote: It
is not quite certain that the chitmunk is a true squirrel, and he is
sometimes called a striped rat. This pretty animal seems, indeed, to form
a link between the rat and squirrel.]

The vain little grey squirrels thought themselves much better than these
little chitmunks, whom they treated with very little politeness, laughing
at them for living in holes in the ground, instead of upon lofty trees, as
they did; they even called them low-bred fellows, and wondered why they
did not imitate their high breeding and behaviour.

The chitmunks took very little notice of their rudeness, but merely said
that, if being high-bred made people rude, they would rather remain humble
as they were.

"As we are the head of all the squirrel families," said Silver-nose, "we
shall do you the honour of breakfasting with you to-day."

"We breakfasted hours ago, while you lazy fellows were fast asleep,"
replied an old chitmunk, poking his little nose out of a hole in the
ground.

"Then we shall dine with you: so make haste and get something good for
us," said Nimble-foot. "I have no doubt you have plenty of butter and
hickory-nuts laid up in your holes."

The old chitmunk told him he might come and get them, if he could.

At this the grey squirrels skipped down from the branches, and began to
run hither and thither, and to scratch among the moss and leaves, to find
the entrance to the chitmunks' grain stores. They peeped under the old
twisted roots of the pines and cedars, into every chink and cranny, but no
sign of a granary was to be seen.

Then the chitmunks said, "My dear friends, this is a bad season to visit
us; we are very poor just now, finding it difficult to get a few dry
pine-kernels and berries, but if you will come and see us after harvest, we
shall have a store of nuts and acorns."

"Pretty fellows you are!" replied Nimble, "to put us off with promises,
when we are so hungry; we might starve between this and harvest."

"If you leave this island, and go down the lake, you will come to a mill,
where the red squirrels live, and where you will have fine times," said
one of the chitmunks.

"Which is the nearest way to the mill?" asked Velvet-paw.

"Swim to the shore, and keep the Indian, path, and you will soon see it."

But while the grey squirrels were looking out for the path, the cunning
chitmunks whisked away into their holes, and left the inquirers in the
lurch, who could not tell what had become of them; for though they did
find a round hole that they thought might be one of their burrows, it was
so narrow that they could only poke in their noses, but could get no
further; the grey squirrels being much fatter and bigger than the slim
little chitmunks.

"After all," said Silvy, who was the best of the three, "perhaps, if we
had been civil, the chitmunks would have treated us better."

"Well," said Nimble, "if they had been good fellows, they would have
invited us, as our mother did cousin Blackie, and have set before us the
best they had. I could find it in my heart to dig them out of their holes,
and give them a good bite." This was all brag on Nimble's part, who was
not near so brave as he wished Silvy and Velvet-paw to suppose he was.

After spending some time in hunting for acorns, they made up their minds
to leave the island; and as it was not very far to the mainland, they
decided on swimming thither.

"Indeed," said Silver-nose, "I am tired of this dull place; we are not
better off here than we were in the little island in Stony Lake, where our
good old mother took care we should have plenty to eat, and we had a nice
warm nest to shelter us."

"Ah! well, it is of no use grumbling now; if we were to go back, we
should only get a scolding, and perhaps be chased off the island," said
Nimble. "Now let us have a race, and see which of us will get to shore
first;" and he leaped over Velvet-paw's head, and was soon swimming
merrily for the shore. He was soon followed by his companions, and in half
an hour they were all safely landed. Instead of going into the thick
forest, they agreed to take the path by the margin of the lake, for there
they had a better chance of getting nuts and fruit; but though it was the
merry month of June, and there were plenty of pretty flowers in bloom, the
berries were hardly ripe, and our little vagrants fared but badly. Besides
being hungry, they were sadly afraid of the eagles and fish-hawks that
kept hovering over the water; and when they went further into the forest
to avoid them, they saw a great white wood-owl, noiselessly flying out
from among the close cedar swamps, that seemed just ready to pounce down
upon them. The grey squirrels did not like the look of the owl's great
round shining eyes, as they peered at them, under the tufts of silky white
feathers, which almost hid his hooked bill; and their hearts sunk within
them, when they heard his hollow cry, "_Ho, ho, ho, ho!" "Waugh,
ho!"_ dismally sounding in their ears.

It was well that Velvet-paw was as swift afoot as she was soft, for one
of these great owls had very nearly caught her, while she was eating a
filbert that she had found in a cleft branch, where a nuthatch had fixed
it, while she pecked a hole in the shell. Some bird of prey had scared
away the poor nuthatch, and Velvet-paw no doubt thought she was in luck
when she found the prize; but it would have been a dear nut to her, if
Nimble, who was a sharp-sighted fellow, had not seen the owl, and cried
_"Chit, chit, chit, chit!"_ to warn her of her danger. _"Chit,
chit, chit, chit!"_ cried Velvet-paw, and away she flew to the very top
of a tall pine-tree, springing from one tree-top to another, till she was
soon out of the old owl's reach.

"What shall we do for supper to-night?" said Silver-nose, looking very
pitifully at Nimble-foot; whom they looked upon as the head of the family.

"We shall not want for a good supper and breakfast too, or I am very much
mistaken. Do you see that red squirrel yonder, climbing the hemlock-tree?
Well, my dears, he has a fine store of good things in that beech-tree. I
watched him run down with a nut in his teeth. Let us wait patiently, and
we shall see him come again for another; and as soon as he has done his
meal, we will go and take ours."

The red squirrel ran to and fro several times, each time carrying off a nut
to his nest in the hemlock; after a while, he came no more. As soon as he
was out of sight Nimble led the way, and found the hoard. The beech was
quite hollow in the heart, and they went down through a hole in the branch,
and found a store of hazel-nuts, with acorns, hickory-nuts, butter-nuts,
and beech-mast, all packed quite close and dry. They soon made a great hole
in the red squirrel's store of provisions, and were just choosing some nuts
to carry off with them, when they were disturbed by a scratching against
the bark of the tree. Nimble, who was always the first to take care of
himself, gave the alarm, and he and Velvet-paw, being nearest to the hole,
got off safely; but poor Silvy had the ill luck to sneeze, and before she
had time to hide herself the angry red squirrel sprang upon her, and gave
her such a terrible cuffing and scratching, that Silvy cried out for mercy.
As to Nimble-foot and Velvet-paw, they paid no heed to her cries for help;
they ran away, and left her to bear the blame of all their misdeeds, as
well as her own. Thieves are always cowards, and are sure to forsake one
another when danger is nigh.

The angry red squirrel pushed poor Silvy out of her granary, and she was
glad to crawl away, and hide herself in a hole at the root of a
neighbouring tree, where she lay in great pain and terror, licking her
wounds, and crying to think how cruel it was of her brother and sister to
leave her to the mercy of the red squirrel. It was surely very cowardly of
Foot-foot and Velvet-paw to forsake her in such a time of need; nor was
this the only danger that befel poor Silvy. One morning, when she put her
nose out of the hole, to look about her before venturing out, she saw
seated on a branch, close beside the tree she was under, a racoon, staring
full at her, with his sharp cunning black eyes. She was very much afraid
of him, for she thought he looked very hungry; but as she knew that
racoons are very fond of nuts and fruit, she said to herself, "Perhaps if
I show him where the red squirrel's granary in the beech-tree is, he will
not kill me." Then she said very softly to him, "Good Mister Coon, if you
want a very nice breakfast, and will promise to do me no hurt, I will tell
you where to find plenty of nuts."

The coon eyed her with a sly grin, and said, "If I can get anything more
to my taste than a pretty grey squirrel, I will take it, my dear, and not
lay a paw upon your soft back."

"Ah! but you must promise not to touch me, if I come out and show you
where to find the nuts," said Silvy.

"Upon the word and honour of a coon!" replied the racoon, laying one
black paw upon his breast; "but if you do not come out of your hole, I
shall soon come and dig you out, so you had best be quick; and if you
trust me, you shall come to no hurt."

Then Silvy thought it wisest to seem to trust the racoon's word, and she
came out of her hole, and went a few paces to point out the tree, where
her enemy the red squirrel's store of nuts was; but as soon as she saw
Mister Coon disappear in the hollow of the tree, she bade him good-bye,
and whisked up a tall tree, where she knew the racoon could not reach her;
and having now quite recovered her strength, she was able to leap from
branch to branch, and even from one tree to another, whenever they grew,
close and the boughs touched, as they often do in the grand old woods in
Canada; and so she was soon far, far away from the artful coon, who waited
a long time, hoping to carry off poor Silvy for his dinner.

Silvy contrived to pick up a living by digging for roots, and eating such
fruits as she could find; but one day she came to a grassy cleared spot,
where she saw a strange-looking tent, made with poles stuck into the
ground and meeting at the top, from which came a bluish cloud that spread
among the trees; and as Silvy was very curious, she came nearer, and at
last, hearing no sound, ran up one of the poles, and peeped in, to see
what was within side, thinking it might be one of the fine stores of grain
that people built for the squirrels, as her cousin Blackie had made her
believe. The poles were covered with sheets of birch-bark, and skins of
deer and wolves, and there was a fire of sticks burning in the middle,
round which some large creatures were sitting on a bear's skin, eating
something that smelt very nice. They had long black hair, and black eyes,
and very white teeth. Silvy felt alarmed at first; but thinking they must
be the people who were kind to squirrels, she ventured to slip through a
slit in the bark, and ran down into the wigwam, hoping to get something to
eat; but in a minute the Indians jumped up, and before she had time to
make her escape she was seized by a young squaw, and popped into a birch
box, and the lid shut down upon her: so poor Silvy was caught in a trap;
and all for believing the artful black squirrel's tales.

Silver-nose remembered her mother's warning now, when it was too late; she
tried to get out of her prison, but in vain; the sides of the box were too
strong, and there was not so much as a single crack for a peep-hole. After
she had been shut up some time, the lid was raised a little, and a dark
hand put in some bright, shining hard grains for her to eat. This was
Indian corn, and it was excellent food; but Silvy was a long, long time
before she would eat any of this sweet corn, she was so vexed at being
caught and shut up in prison; besides, she was very much afraid that the
Indians were going to eat her. After some days, she began to get used to
her captive state; the little squaw used to feed her, and one day took her
out of the box, and put her into a nice light cage, where there was soft
green moss to lie on, a little bark dish with clear water, and abundance of
food. The cage was hung up on the bough of a tree, near the wigwam, to
swing to and fro as the wind waved the tree. Here Silvy could see the birds
flying to and fro, and listen to their cheerful songs. The Indian women and
children had always a kind look, or a word to say to her; and her little
mistress was so kind to her, that Silvy could not help loving her. She was
very grateful for her care; for when she was sick and sulky, the little
squaw gave her bits of maple-sugar and parched rice out of her hand. At
last Silvy grew tame, and would suffer herself to be taken out of her
house, to sit on her mistress's shoulder, or in her lap; and though she
sometimes ran away and hid herself, out of fun, she would not have gone far
from the tent of the good Indians, on any account. Sometimes she saw the
red squirrels running about in the forest, but they never came very near
her; but she used to watch ail day long for her brother Nimble-foot, or
sister Velvet; but they were now far away from her, and no doubt thought
that she had been killed by the red squirrel, or eaten up by a fox or
racoon.

       *       *       *       *       *

"Nurse, I am so glad pretty Silvy was not killed, and that the good
Indians took care of her."

"It is time now, my dear, for you to put down your book," said Mrs.
Frazer, "and to-morrow we will read some more."

"Yes, if you please, Mrs. Frazer," said Lady Mary.



PART III.

HOW THE SQUIRRELS GOT TO THE MILL AT THE RAPIDS--AND WHAT HAPPENED TO
VELVET-PAW.


Nimble-foot and Velvet-paw were so frightened by the sight of the red
squirrel, that they ran down the tree without once looking back to see
what had become of poor Silver-nose; indeed the cowards, instead of
waiting for their poor sister, fled through the forest as if an army of
red squirrels were behind them. At last they reached the banks of the
lake, and, jumping into the water, swam down the current till they came to
a place called the "Narrow," where the wide lake poured its waters through
a deep rocky channel, not more than a hundred yards wide; here the waters
became so rough and rapid, that our little swimmers thought it wisest to
go on shore. They scrambled up the steep rocky bank, and found themselves
on a wide open space, quite free from trees, which they knew must be one
of the great clearings the traveller squirrel had spoken of. There was a
very high building on the water's edge, that they thought must be the mill
that the chitmunks had told them they would come to; and they were in good
spirits, as they now expected to find plenty of good things laid up for
them to eat, so they went in by the door of the mill.

"Dear me, what a dust there is!", said Nimble, looking about him; "I
think it must be snowing."

"Snow does not fall in hot weather," said Velvet; "besides, this white
powder is very sweet and nice;" and she began to lick some of the flour
that lay in the cracks of the floor.

"I have found some nice seeds here," said Nimble, running to the top of a
sack that stood with the mouth untied; "these are better than pine-kernels,
and not so hard. We must have come to one of the great grain-stores that
our cousin told us of. Well, I am sure the people are very kind to have
laid up so many good things for us squirrels."

When they had eaten as much as they liked, they began to run about to see
what was in the mill. Presently, a man came in, and they saw him take one
of the sacks of wheat, and pour it into a large upright box, and in a few
minutes there was a great noise--a sort of buzzing, whirring, rumbling,
dashing, and splashing;--and away ran Velvet-paw in a terrible fright, and
scrambled up some beams and rafters to the top of the wall, where she sat
watching what was going--on, trembling all over; but finding that no harm
happened to her, took courage, and after a time ceased to be afraid. She
saw Nimble perched on a cross-beam looking down very intently at
something; so she came out of her corner and ran to him, and asked what he
was looking at.

"There is a great black thing here," said he, "I cannot tell what to make
of him at all; it turns round, and round, and round, and dashes the water
about, making a fine splash." (This was the water-wheel.)

"It looks very ugly indeed," said Velvet-paw, "and makes my head giddy to
look at it; let us go away. I want to find out what these two big stones
are doing," said she; "they keep rubbing against one another, and making a
great noise."

"There is nothing so wonderful in two big stones, my dear," said Nimble;
"I have seen plenty bigger than these in Stony Lake."

"But they did not move about as these do; and only look here at the white
stuff that is running down all the time into this great box. Well, we
shall not want for food for the rest of our lives; I wish poor Silvy were
with us to share in our good luck."

They saw a great many other strange things in the mill, and they thought
that the miller was a very funny-looking creature; but as they fancied
that he was grinding the wheat into flour for them, they were not much
afraid of him; they were more troubled at the sight of a black dog, which
spied them out as they sat on the beams of the mill, and ran about in a
great rage, barking at them in a frightful way, and never left off till
the miller went out of the mill, when he went away with his master, and
did not return till the next day; but whenever he saw the grey squirrels,
this little dog, whose name was "Pinch," was sure to set up his ears and
tail, and snap and bark, showing all his sharp white teeth in a very
savage manner.

Not far from the mill was another building: this was the house the miller
lived in; and close by the house was a barn, a stable, a cow-shed, and a
sheep-pen, and there was a garden full of fruit and flowers, and an
orchard of apple-trees close by.

One day Velvet-paw ran up one of the apple-trees and began to eat an
apple; it looked very good, for it had a bright red cheek, but it was hard
and sour, not being ripe. "I do not like these big, sour berries," said
she, making wry faces as she tried to get the bad taste out of her mouth
by wiping her tongue on her fore-paw. Nimble had found some ripe currants;
so he only laughed at poor Velvet for the trouble she was in.

These little grey squirrels now led a merry life; they found plenty to
eat and drink, and would not have had a care in the world, if it had not
been for the noisy little dog Pinch, who let them have no quiet, barking
and baying at them whenever he saw them; and also for the watchful eyes of
a great tom-cat, who was always prowling about the mill, or creeping round
the orchard and outhouses; so that with all their good food they were not
quite free from causes of fear, and no doubt sometimes wished themselves
safe back on the little rocky island, in their nest in the old oak-tree.

Time passed away--the wheat and the oats were now ripe and fit for the
scythe, for in Canada the settlers mow wheat with an instrument called a
"cradle scythe." The beautiful Indian corn was in bloom, and its long pale
green silken threads were waving in the summer breeze. The blue-jays were
busy in the fields of wheat; so were the red-winged blackbirds, and the
sparrows, and many other birds, great and small; field-mice in dozens were
cutting the straw with their sharp teeth, and carrying off the grain to
their nests; and as to the squirrels and chitmunks, there were scores of
them, black, red, and grey, filling their cheeks with the grain, and
laying it out on the rail fences and on the top of the stumps to dry,
before they carried it away to their storehouses. And many a battle the
red and the black squirrels had, and sometimes the grey joined with the
red, to beat the black ones off the ground.

Nimble-foot and his sister kept out of these quarrels as much as they
could; but once they got a severe beating from the red squirrels for not
helping them to drive off the saucy black ones, who would carry away the
little heaps of wheat, as soon as they were dry.

"We do not mean to trouble ourselves with laying up winter stores," said
Nimble one day to his red cousins; "don't you see Peter, the miller's man,
has got a great wagon and horses, and is carting wheat into the barn for
us?"

The red squirrel opened his round eyes very wide at this speech. "Why,
Cousin Nimble," he said, "you are not so foolish as to think the miller is
harvesting that grain for your use. No, no, my friend; if you want any,
you must work as we do, or run the chance of starving in the winter."

Then Nimble told him what their cousin Blackie had said. "You were wise
fellows to believe such nonsense!" said the red squirrel. "These mills and
barns are all stored for the use of the miller and his family; and what is
more, my friend, I can tell you that men are no great friends to us poor
squirrels, and will kill us when they get the chance, and begrudge us the
grain we help ourselves to."

"Well, that is very stingy," said Velvet-paw; "I am sure there is enough
for men and squirrels too. However, I suppose all must live, so we will
let them have what we leave; I shall help myself after they have stored it
up in yonder barn."

"You had better do as we do, and make hay while the sun shines," said the
red squirrel.

"I would rather play in the sunshine, and eat what I want here," said
idle Velvet-paw, setting up her fine tail like a feather over her back, as
she ate an ear of corn.

"You are a foolish, idle thing, and will come to no good," said the red
squirrel. "I wonder where you were brought up?"

I am very sorry to relate that Velvet-paw did not come to a good end, for
she did not take the advice of her red cousin, to lay up provisions during
the harvest; but instead of that, she ate all day long, and grew fat and
lazy; and after the fields were all cleared, she went to the mill one day,
when the mill was grinding, and seeing a quantity of wheat in the feeder
of the mill, she ran up a beam and jumped down, thinking to make a good
dinner from the grain she saw; but it kept sliding down and sliding down
so fast, that she could not get one grain, so at last she began to be
frightened, and tried to get up again, but, alas! this was not possible.
She cried out to Nimble to help her; and while he ran to look for a stick
for her to raise herself up by, the mill-wheel kept on turning, and the
great stones went round faster and faster, till poor Velvet-paw was
crushed to death between them. Nimble was now left all alone, and sad
enough he was, you may suppose.

"Ah," said he, "idleness is the ruin of grey squirrels, as well as men,
so I will go away from this place, and try and earn an honest living in
the forest. I wish I had not believed all the fine tales my cousin the
black squirrel told me."

Then Nimble went away from the clearing, and once more resolved to seek
his fortune in the woods. He knew there were plenty butter-nuts, acorns,
hickory-nuts, and beech-nuts, to be found, besides many sorts of berries;
and he very diligently set to work to lay up stores against the coming
winter.

As it was now getting cold at night, Nimble-foot thought it would be wise
to make himself a warm house; so he found out a tall hemlock-pine that was
very thick and bushy at the top; there was a forked branch in the tree,
with a hollow just fit for his nest. He carried twigs of birch and beech,
and over these he laid dry green moss, which he collected on the north
side of the cedar-trees, and some long grey moss that he found on the
swamp maples, and then he stripped the silky threads from the milk-weeds,
and the bark of the cedar and birch-trees. These he gnawed fine, and soon
made a soft bed; he wove and twisted the sticks, and roots, and mosses
together, till the walls of his house were quite thick, and he made a sort
of thatch over the top with dry leaves and long moss, with a round hole to
creep in and out of.

Making this warm house took him many days' labour; but many strokes will
fell great oaks, so at last Nimble-foot's work came to an end, and he had
the comfort of a charming house to shelter him from the cold season. He
laid up a good store of nuts, acorns, and roots: some he put in a hollow
branch of the hemlock-tree close to his nest; some he hid in a stump, and
another store he laid under the roots of a mossy cedar. When all this was
done, he began to feet very lonely, and often wished no doubt that he had
had his sisters Silvy and Velvet-paw with him, to share his nice warm
house; but of Silvy he knew nothing, and poor Velvet-paw was dead.

One fine moonlight night, as Nimble was frisking about on the bough of a
birch-tree, not very far from his house in the hemlock, he saw a canoe land
on the shore of the lake, and some Indians with an axe cut down some
bushes, and having cleared a small piece of ground, begin to sharpen, the
ends of some long poles. These they stuck into the ground close together in
a circle; and having stripped some sheets of birch-bark from the
birch-trees close by, they thatched the sides of the hut, and made a fire
of sticks inside. They had a dead deer in the canoe, and there were several
hares and black squirrels, the sight of which rather alarmed Nimble; for he
thought if they killed one sort of squirrel, they might another, and he was
very much scared at one of the Indians firing off a gun close by him. The
noise made him fall down to the ground, and it was a good thing that it was
dark among the leaves and grass where the trunk of the tree threw its long
shadow, so that the Indian did not see him, or perhaps he might have loaded
the gun again, and shot our little friend, and made soup of him for his
supper.

Nimble ran swiftly up a pine-tree, and was soon out of danger. While he
was watching some of the Indian children at play, he saw a girl come out
of the hut with a grey squirrel in her arms; it did not seem at all afraid
of her, but nestled to her shoulder, and even ate out of her hand; and
what was Nimble's surprise to see that this tame grey squirrel was none
other than his own pretty sister Silver-nose, whom he had left in the
hollow tree when they both ran away from the red squirrel.

You may suppose the sight of his lost companion was a joyful one; he
waited for a long, long time, till the fire went out, and all the Indians
were fast asleep, and little Silvy came out to play in the moonlight, and
frisk about on the dewy grass as she used to do. Then Nimble, when he saw
her, ran down the tree, and came to her and rubbed his nose against her,
and licked her soft fur, and told her who he was, and how sorry he was for
having left her in so cowardly a manner, to be beaten by the red squirrel.

The good little Silvy told Nimble not to fret about what was past, and
then she asked him for her sister Velvet-paw. Nimble had a long sorrowful
tale to tell about the death of poor Velvet; and Silvy was much grieved.
Then in her turn she told Nimble all her adventures, and how she had been
caught by the Indian, girl, and kept, and fed, and tamed, and had passed
her time very happily, if it had not been for thinking about her dear lost
companions. "But now," she said, "my dear brother, we will never, part
again; you shall be quite welcome, to share my cage, and my nice stores of
Indian corn, rice, and nuts, which my kind mistress gives me."

"I would not be shut up in a cage, not even for one day," said Nimble,
"for all the nice and grain in Canada. I am a free squirrel, and love my
liberty. I would not exchange a life of freedom in these fine old woods,
for all the dainties in the world. So, Silvy, if you prefer a life of
idleness and ease to living with me in the forest, I must say good-bye to
you."

"But there is nothing to hurt us, my dear Nimble--no racoons, nor foxes,
nor hawks, nor owls, nor weasels; if I see any hungry-looking birds or
beasts, I have a safe place to run to, and never need be hungry!"

"I would not lead a life like that, for the world," said Nimble. "I
should die of dullness; if there is danger in a life of freedom, there is
pleasure too, which you cannot enjoy, shut up in a wooden cage, and fed at
the will of a master or mistress."

"Well, I shall be shot if the Indians awake and see me; so I shall be off."

Silvy looked very sorrowful; she did not like to part from her newly-found
brother, but she was unwilling to forego all the comforts and luxuries her
life of captivity afforded her.

"You will not tell the Indians where I live, I hope, Silvy, for they
would think it a fine thing to hunt me with their dogs, or shoot me down
with their bows and arrows."

At these words Silvy was overcome with grief, so jumping off from the log
on which she was standing, she said, "Nimble, I will go with you and share
all your perils, and we will never part again." She then ran into the
wigwam; and going softly to the little squaw, who was asleep, licked her
hands and face, as if she would say, "Good-bye, my good kind friend; I
shall not forget all your love for me, though I am going away from you for
ever."

Silvy then followed Nimble into the forest, and they soon reached his
nice comfortable nest in the tall hemlock-tree.

       *       *       *       *       *

"Nurse, I am glad Silvy went away with Nimble, are not you? Poor Nimble
must have been so lonely without her, and then you know it must have
seemed so hard to him if Silvy had preferred staying with the Indians, to
living with him."

"Those who have been used to a life of ease do not willingly give it up,
my dear lady; thus you see, love for her old companion was stronger even
than love of self. But I think you must have tired yourself with reading
so long to me."

"Indeed, nurse, I must read a little more, for I want you to hear how
Silvy and Nimble amused themselves in the hemlock-tree."

Then Lady Mary went on and read as follows.

       *       *       *       *       *

Silvy was greatly pleased with her new home, which was as soft and as
warm as clean dry moss, hay, and fibres of roots could make it. The
squirrels built a sort of pent or outer roof of twigs, dry leaves, and
roots of withered grass, which was pitched so high that it threw off the
rain and kept the inner house very dry. They worked at this very
diligently, and also laid up a store of nuts and berries. They knew that
they must not only provide plenty of food for the winter, but also for the
spring months, when they could get little to eat beside the buds and bark
of some sort of trees, and the chance seeds that might still remain in the
pine-cones.

Thus the autumn months passed away very quickly and cheerfully with the
squirrels while preparing for the coming winter. Half the cold season was
spent, too, in sleep; but on mild sunny days the little squirrels, roused
by the bright light of the sunbeams on the white and glittering snow,
would shake themselves, rub their black eyes, and after licking themselves
clean from dust, would whisk out of their house and indulge in merry
gambols up and down the trunks of the trees, skipping from bough to bough,
and frolicking over the hard crisp snow, which scarcely showed on its
surface the delicate print of their tiny feet, and the sweep of their fine
light feathery tails. Sometimes they met with some little shrewmice,
running on the snow. These very tiny things are so small, they hardly look
bigger than a large black beetle; they lived on the seeds of the tall
weeds, which they, might be seen climbing and clinging to, yet were hardly
heavy enough to weigh down the heads of the dry stalks. It is pretty to
see the footprints of these small shrewmice, on the surface of the fresh
fallen snow in the deep forest-glades. They are not dormant during the
winter like many of the mouse tribe, for they are up and abroad at all
seasons; for however stormy and severe the weather may be, they do not
seem to heed its inclemency. Surely, children, there is One who cares for
the small tender things of earth, and shelters them from the rude blasts.

Nimble-foot and Silver-nose often saw their cousins, the black squirrels,
playing in the sunshine, chasing each other merrily up and down the trees,
or over the brush-heaps; their jetty coats, and long feathery tails,
forming a striking contrast with the whiteness of the snow, above which
they were sporting. Sometimes they saw a few red squirrels too, but there
was generally war between them and the black ones.

In these lonely forests, everything seems still and silent, during the
long wintry season, as if death had spread a white pall over, the earth,
and hushed every living thing into silence. Few sounds are heard through
the winter days, to break the death-like silence that reigns around,
excepting the sudden rending and cracking of the trees in the frosty air,
the fall of a decayed branch, the tapping of a solitary woodpecker, two or
three small species of which still remain after all the summer birds are
flown; and the gentle, weak chirp of the little tree-creeper, as it runs
up and down the hemlocks and pines, searching the crevices of the bark for
insects. Yet in all this seeming death lies hidden the life of myriads of
insects, the huge beast of the forest, asleep in his lair, with many of
the smaller quadrupeds, and forest-birds, that, hushed in lonely places,
shall awake to life and activity as soon as the sun-beams shall once more
dissolve the snow, unbind the frozen streams, and loosen the bands which
held them in repose.

At last the spring, the glad joyous spring, returned. The leaf-buds,
wrapped within their gummy and downy cases, began to unfold; the dark
green pines, spruce, and balsams began to shoot out fresh spiny leaves,
like tassels, from the ends of every bough, giving out the most refreshing
fragrance; the crimson buds of the young hazels, and the scarlet blossoms
of the soft maple, enlivened the edges of the streams; the bright coral
bark of the dogwood seemed as if freshly varnished, so brightly it glowed
in the morning sunshine; the scream of the blue jay, the song of the robin
and wood-thrush, the merry note of the chiccadee, and plaintive cry of the
pheobe, with loud hammering strokes of the great red-headed woodpecker,
mingled with the rush of the unbound forest streams, gurgling and
murmuring as their water flowed over the stones, and the sighing of the
breeze, playing in the tree-tops, made pleasant and ceaseless music. And
then as time passed on, the trees unfolded all their bright green leaves,
the buds and forest flowers opened; and many a bright bell our little
squirrels looked down upon, from their leafy home, that the eye of man had
never seen.

It was pleasant for our little squirrels, just after sunset, in the still
summer evenings, when the small silver stars came stealing out, one by
one, in the blue sky, to play among the cool dewy leaves of the grand old
oaks and maples; to watch the fitful flash of the fireflies, as they
glanced here and there, flitting through the deep gloom of the forest
boughs, now lost to sight, as they closed their wings, now flashing out
like tiny tapers, borne aloft by unseen hands in the darkness. Where that
little creek runs singing over its mossy bed, and the cedar-boughs bend
down so thick and close, that only a gleam of the bright water can be
seen, even in the sunlight--there the fireflies crowd, and the damp
foliage is all alive with their dazzling light.

In this sweet still hour, just at the dewfall, the rush of whirring wings
may be heard from the islands, or in the forest, bordering on the water's
edge; and out of hollow logs and hoary trunks of trees come forth the
speckled night-hawks, cutting the air with their thin sharp wide wings,
and open beak, ready to entrap the unwary moth, or moskitoe, that float so
joyously upon the evening air. One after another, sweeping in wider
circles, come forth these birds of prey, till the whole air seems alive
with them; darting hither and thither, and uttering wild shrill screams,
as they rise higher and higher in the upper air, till some are almost lost
to sight. Sometimes one of them will descend with a sudden swoop, to the
lower regions of the air, just above the highest tree-tops, with a hollow
booming sound, as if some one were blowing in an empty vessel.

At this hour, too, the bats would quit their homes in hollow trees and
old rocky banks, and flit noiselessly abroad, over the surface of the
quiet star-lit lake; and now also would begin the shrill, trilling note of
the green-frog, and the deep hoarse bass of the bull-frog, which ceases
only at intervals, through the long, warm summer night. You might fancy a
droll sort of dialogue was being carried on among them. At first, a great
fellow, the patriarch of the swamp, will put up his head, which looks very
much like a small pair of bellows, with yellow leather sides; and say in a
harsh, guttural tone, "Go to bed, go to bed, go to bed."

After a moment's pause, two or three will rise and reply, "No, I won't!
no, I won't! no, I won't!"

Then the old fellow, with a growl, replies,--"Get out, get out, get out,"
--and forthwith, with a rush, and a splash, and a dash, they raise a chorus
of whirring, grating, growling, grunting, whistling sounds, which make you
hold your ears. When all this hubbub has lasted some minutes, there is a
pop, and a splash, and down go all the heads under the weeds and mud; and
after another pause, up comes the old father of the frogs, and begins
again with the old story--"Go to bed, go to bed, go to bed," and so on.
During the heat of the day, the bull-frogs are silent; but as the day
declines, and the air becomes cooler, they re-commence their noisy chorus.

I suppose these sounds, though not very pleasant to the ears of men, may
not be so disagreeable to those of wild animals. I dare say neither Nimble
nor Silvy were in the least annoyed by the hoarse note of the bull-frog;
but gambolled as merrily among the boughs and fresh dewy leaves, as if
they were listening to sweet music, or the songs of the birds.

The summer passed away very happily; but towards the close of the warm
season, the squirrels, Nimble and Silvy, resolved to make a journey to the
rocky island on Stony lake, to see the old squirrels, their father and
mother. So they started at sunrise one fine pleasant day, and travelled
along, till one cool evening, just as the moon was beginning to rise above
the pine-trees, they arrived at the little rocky islet where they first
saw the light; but when they eagerly ran up the trunk of the old oak-tree,
expecting to have seen their old father and mother, they were surprised
and terrified by seeing a wood-owl in the nest.

As soon as she espied our little squirrels, she shook her feathers, and
set up her ears--for she was a long-eared owl--and said, "What do you want
here?--ho, ho, ho, ho!

"Indeed, Mrs. Owl," said Nimble, "we come hither to see our parents, whom
we left here a year ago. Can you tell us where we shall find them?"

The owl peered out of her ruff of silken feathers, and after wiping her
sharp bill on her breast, said, "Your cousin the black squirrel beat your
father and mother out of their nest a long time ago, and took possession
of the tree and all that was in it, and they brought up a large family of
little ones, all of which I pounced upon one after another, and ate.
Indeed, the oaks here belong to my family; so finding these impudent
intruders would not quit the premises, I made short work of the matter,
and took the law into my own hands."

"Did you kill them?" asked Silvy, in a trembling voice.

"Of course I did, and very nice tender meat they were," replied the
horrid old owl, beginning to scramble out of the nest, and eyeing the
squirrels at the same time with a wicked look.

"But you did not eat our parents too?" asked the trembling squirrels.

"Yes, I did; they were very tough, to be sure, but I am not very
particular."

The grey squirrels, though full of grief and vain regret, were obliged to
take care of themselves. There was, indeed, no time to fee lost, so they
made a hasty retreat. They crept under the roots of an old tree, where
they lay till the morning; they were not much concerned for the death of
the treacherous black squirrel who had told so many stories, got
possession of their old nest, and caused the death of their parents; but
they said--"We will go home again to our dear old hemlock-tree, and never
leave it more." So these dear little squirrels returned to their forest
home, and may be living there yet.

       *       *       *       *       *

"Nurse," said Lady Mary, "how do you like the story?"

Mrs. Frazer said it was a very pretty one.

"Perhaps my dear little pet is one of Nimble or Silvy's children. You
know, nurse, they might have gone on their travels too when they were old
enough, and then your brother may have chopped down the tree and found
them in the forest."

"But your squirrel, Lady Mary, is a flying squirrel, and these were only
common grey ones, which are a different species. Besides, my dear, this
history is but a fable."

"I suppose, nurse," said the child, looking up in her nurse's face,
"squirrels do not really talk."

"No, my dear, they have not the use of speech as we have, but in all ages
people have written little tales called fables, in which they make birds
and beasts speak as if they were men and women, it being an easy method of
conveying instruction."

"My book is only a fable then, nurse? I wish it had been true; but it is
very pretty."



CHAPTER IV.

SQUIRRELS--THE CHITMUNKS-DOCILITY OF A PET ONE--ROGUERY OF A YANKEE
PEDLAR--RETURN OF THE MUSICAL CHITMUNK TO HIS MASTER'S BOSOM--SAGACITY OF
A BLACK SQUIRREL.


"Mrs. Frazer, are you very busy just now?" asked Lady Mary, coming up to
the table where her nurse was ironing some lace.

"No, my dear, not very busy, only preparing these lace edgings for your
frocks. Do you want me to do anything for you?"

"I only want to tell you that my governess has promised to paint my dear
squirrel's picture, as soon as it is tame, and will let me hold it in my
lap, without flying away. I saw a picture of a flying squirrel to-day, but
it was very ugly--not at all like mine; it was long and flat, and its legs
looked like sticks, and it was stretched out, just like one of those
muskrat skins that you pointed out to me in a fur store. Mamma said it was
drawn so, to show it while it was in the act of flying; but it is not
pretty--it does not show its beautiful tail, nor its bright eyes, nor
soft silky fur. I heard a lady tell mamma about a nest full of dear, tiny
little flying squirrels; [Footnote: Tame flying squirrels may be purchased
at the Pantheon, in Oxford Street.] that her brother once found in a tree
in the forest; he tamed them, and they lived very happily together, and
would feed from his hand. They slept in the cold weather like dormice; in
the day-time they lay very still, but would come out, and gambol, and
frisk about at night. But somebody left the cage open, and they all ran
away except one, and that he found in his bed, where it had run for
shelter with its little nose under his pillow. He caught the little
fellow, and it lived with him till the spring, when it grew restless, and
one day got away, and went off to the woods."

"These little creatures are impatient of confinement, and will gnaw
through the woodwork of the cage to get free, especially in the spring of
the year. Doubtless, my dear, they pine for the liberty which they used to
enjoy before they were captured by man."

"Nurse, I will not let my little pet be unhappy. As soon as the warm days
come again, and my governess has taken his picture, I will let him go
free. Are there many squirrels in this part of Canada?"

"Not so many as in Upper Canada, Lady Mary. They abound more in some
years than in others. I have seen the beech and oak woods swarming with
black squirrels. My brothers have brought in two or three dozen in one
day. The Indians used to tell us that want of food, or very severe weather
setting in, in the north, drive these little animals from their haunts.
The Indians, who observe these things more than we do, can generally tell
what sort of winter it will be, from the number of wild animals in the
fall."

"What do you mean by the fall, nurse?"

"The autumn in Canada, my lady, is called so from the fall of the leaves.
I remember one year was remarkable for the great number of black, grey,
and flying squirrels; the little striped chitmunk was also plentiful, and
so were weasels and foxes. They came into the barns and granaries, and
into the houses, and destroyed great quantities of grain; besides gnawing
clothes that were laid out to dry; this they did to line their nests with.
Next year there were very few to be seen."

"What became of them, nurse?"

"Some, no doubt, fell a prey to their enemies, the cats, foxes, and
weasels, which were also very numerous that year; and the rest, perhaps,
went back to their own country again."

"I should like to see a great number of these pretty creatures travelling
together," said Lady Mary.

"All wild animals, my dear, are more active by night than by day, and
probably make their long journeys during that season. The eyes of many
animals and birds are so formed, that they see best in the dim twilight,
as cats, and owls, and others. Our heavenly Father has fitted all his.
creatures for the state in which he has placed them."

"Can squirrels swim like otters and beavers, nurse? If they come to a
lake or river, can they cross it?"

"I think they can, Lady Mary; for though these creatures are not formed
like the otter, or beaver, or muskrat, to get their living in the water,
they are able to swim when necessity requires them to do so. I heard a
lady say that she was crossing a lake, between one of the islands and the
shore, in a canoe, with a baby on her lap. She noticed a movement on the
surface of the water. At first she thought it might be a water snake, but
the servant lad who was paddling the canoe, said it was a red squirrel,
and he tried to strike it with the paddle; but the little squirrel leaped
out of the water to the blade of the paddle, and sprang on the head of the
baby, as it lay on her lap; from whence it jumped to her shoulder, and
before she had recovered from her surprise, was in the water again,
swimming straight for the shore, where it was soon safe in the dark pine
woods."

This feat of the squirrel delighted Lady Mary, who expressed her joy at
the bravery of the little creature. Besides, she said she had heard that
grey squirrels, when they wished to go to a distance in search of food,
would all meet together, and collect pieces of bark to serve them for
boats, and would set up their broad tails like sails, to catch the wind,
and in this way cross large sheets of water.

"I do not think this can be true," observed Mrs. Frazer; "for the
squirrel, when swimming, uses his tail as an oar or rudder to help the
motion, the tail lying flat on the surface of the water; nor do these
creatures need a boat, for God, who made them, has _given them_ the
power of swimming at their need."

"Nurse, you said something about a ground squirrel, and called it a
chitmunk. If you please, will you tell me something about it, and why it
is called by such a curious name?"

"I believe it is the Indian name for this sort of squirrel, my dear. The
chitmunk is not so large as the black, red, or grey squirrels. It is
marked along the back with black and white stripes; the rest of its fur is
a yellowish tawny colour. It is a very playful, lively, cleanly animal,
somewhat resembling the dormouse in its habits. It burrows under ground.
Its nest is made with great care, with many galleries which open at the
surface, so that when attacked by an enemy, it can run from one to another
for security."

[Footnote: The squirrel has many enemies; all the weasel tribe, cats, and
even dogs attack them. Cats kill great numbers of these little animals. The
farmer shows them as little mercy as he does rats and mice, as they are
very destructive, and carry off vast quantities of grain, which they store
in hollow trees for use. Not contenting themselves with one, granary, they
have several in case one should fail, or perhaps become injured by
accidental causes. Thus do these simple little creatures teach us a lesson
of providential care for future events.]

"How wise of these little chitmunks to think of that!" said Lady Mary.

"Nay, my dear child, it is God's wisdom, not theirs. These creatures work
according to his will; and so they always do what is fittest and best for
their own comfort and safety. Man is the only one of God's creatures who
disobeys Him."

These words made Lady Mary look grave, till her nurse began to talk to
her again about the chitmunk.

"It is very easily tamed, and becomes very fond of its master. It will
obey his voice, come at a call or a whistle, sit up and beg, take a nut or
an acorn out of his hand, run up a stick, nestle in his bosom, and become
quite familiar. My uncle had a tame chitmunk that was much attached to
him; it lived in his pocket or bosom; it was his companion by day and by
night. When he was out in the forest lumbering, or on the lake fishing, or
in the fields at work, it was always with him. At meals it sat by the side
of his plate, eating what he gave it; but he did not give it meat, as he
thought that might injure its health. One day he and his pet were in the
steam-boat, going to Toronto. He had been showing off the little
chitmunk's tricks to the ladies and gentlemen on board the boat, and
several persons offered him money if he would sell it; but my uncle was
fond of the little thing, and would not part with it. However, just before
he left the boat, he missed his pet; for a cunning Yankee pedlar on board
had stolen it. My uncle knew that his little friend would not desert its
old master; so he went on deck where the passengers were assembled, and
whistled a popular tune familiar to the chitmunk. The little fellow, on
hearing it, whisked out of the pedlar's pocket, and running swiftly along
a railing against which he was standing, soon sought refuge in his
master's bosom."

Lady Mary clapped her hands with joy, and said, "I am so glad, nurse,
that the chitmunk ran back to his old friend. I wish it had bitten that
Yankee pedlar's fingers."

"When angry, these creatures will bite very sharply, set up their tails,
and run to and fro, and make a chattering sound with their teeth. The red
squirrel is very fearless for its size, and will sometimes turn round and
face you, set up its tail, and scold. But they will, when busy eating the
seeds of the sunflower or thistle, of which they are very fond, suffer you
to stand and watch them without attempting to run away. When near their
granaries, or the tree where their nest is, they are unwilling to leave
it, running to and fro, and uttering their angry notes; but if a dog is
near, they make for a tree, and as soon as they are out of his reach, turn
round to chatter and scold, as long as he remains in sight. When hard
pressed, the black and flying squirrels will take prodigious leaps,
springing from bough to bough, and from tree to tree. In this manner they
baffle the hunters, and travel a great distance over the tops of the
trees. Once I saw my uncle and brothers chasing a large black squirrel. He
kept out of reach of the dogs, as well as out of sight of the men, by
passing round and round the tree as he went up, so that they could never
get a fair shot at him. At last, they got so provoked that they took their
axes, and set to work to chop down the tree. It was a large pine-tree, and
took them some time. Just as the tree was ready to fall, and was wavering
to and fro, the squirrel, who had kept on the topmost bough, sprang nimbly
to the next tree, and then to another, and by the time the great pine had
reached the ground, the squirrel was far away in his nest among his little
ones, safe from hunters, guns, and dogs."

"The black squirrel must have wondered, I think, nurse, why so many men
and dogs tried to kill such a little creature as he was. Do the black
squirrels sleep in the winter as well as the flying squirrels and
chitmunks?"

"No, Lady Mary; I have often seen them on bright days chasing each other
over logs and brush heaps, and running gaily up the pine-trees. They are
easily seen from the contrast which their jetty black coats make with the
sparkling white snow. These creatures feed a good deal on the kernels of
the pines and hemlocks; they also eat the buds of some trees. They lay up
great stores of nuts and grain for winter use. The flying squirrels sleep
much, and in the cold season lie heaped upon each other, for the sake of
warmth. As many as seven or eight may be found in one nest asleep. They
sometimes awaken, if there come a succession of warm days, as in the
January thaw; for I must tell you that in this country we generally have
rain and mild weather for a few days in the beginning of January, when the
snow nearly disappears from the ground. About the 12th, [Footnote: This
remark applies more particularly to the Upper Province.] the weather sets
in again steadily cold; when the little animals retire once more to sleep
in their winter cradles, which they rarely leave till the hard weather is
over."

"I suppose, nurse, when they awake, they are glad to eat some of the food
they hare laid up in their granaries?"

"Yes, my dear, it is for this they gather their hoards in mild weather;
which also supports them in the spring months, and possibly even during
the summer, till grain and fruit are ripe. I was walking in the harvest
field one day, where my brothers were cradling wheat. As I passed along
the fence, I noticed a great many little heaps of wheat lying here and
there on the rails, also upon the tops of the stumps in the field. I
wondered at first who could have placed them there, but presently noticed
a number of red squirrels running very swiftly along the fence, and
perceived that they emptied their mouths of a quantity of the new wheat,
which they had been diligently employed in collecting from the ears that
lay scattered over the ground. These little gleaners did not seem to be at
all alarmed at my presence, but went to and fro as busy as bees. On taking
some of the grains into my hand, I noticed that the germ or eye of the
kernels was bitten clean out."

"What was that for, nurse? can you tell me?"

"My dear young lady, I did not know at first, till, upon showing it to my
father, he told me that the squirrels destroyed the germ of the grain,
such as wheat or Indian corn, that they stored up for winter use, that it
might not sprout when buried in the ground or in a hollow tree."

"This is very strange, nurse," said the little girl. "But I suppose,"
she added, after a moment's thought, "it was God who taught the squirrels
to do so. But why would biting out the eye prevent the grain from growing?"

"Because the eye or bud contains the life of the plant; from it springs
the green blade, and the stem that bears the ear, and the root that
strikes down to the earth. The flowery part, which swells and becomes soft
and jelly-like, serves to nourish the young plant till the tender fibres
of the roots are able to draw moisture from the ground."

Lady Mary asked if all seeds had an eye or germ.

Her nurse replied that all had, though some were so minute that they
looked no bigger than dust, or a grain of sand; yet each was perfect in
its kind, and contained the plant that would, when sown in the earth,
bring forth roots, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits in due season.

"How glad I should have been to see the little squirrels gleaning the
wheat, and laying it in the little heaps on the rail fence. Why did they
not carry it at once to their nests?"

"They laid it out in the sun and wind to dry; for if it had been stored
away while damp, it would have moulded, and have been spoiled. The
squirrels were busy all that day; when I went to see them again, the grain
was gone. I saw several red squirrels running up and down a large
pine-tree, which had been broken by the wind at the top; and there, no
doubt, they had laid up stores. These squirrels did not follow each other
in a straight line, but ran round and round in a spiral direction, so that
they never hindered each other, nor came in each other's way: two were
always going up, while the other two were going down. They seem to work in
families; for the young ones, though old enough to get their own living,
usually inhabit the same nest, and help to store up the grain for winter
use. They all separate again in spring. The little chitmunk does not live
in trees, but burrows in the ground, or makes its nest in some large hollow
log. It is very pretty to see the little chitmunks, on a warm spring day,
running about and chasing each other among the moss and leaves; they are
not bigger than mice, but look bright and lively. The fur of all the
squirrel tribe is used in trimming, but the grey is the best and most
valuable. It has often been remarked by the Indians, and others, that the
red and black squirrels never live in the same place; for the red, though
the smallest, beat away the black ones. The flesh of the black squirrel is
very good to eat; the Indians also eat the red."

Lady Mary was very glad to hear all these things, and quite forgot to
play with her doll. "Please, Mrs. Frazer," said the little lady, "tell me
now about beavers and muskrats." But Mrs. Frazer was obliged to go out on
business; she promised, however, to tell Lady Mary all she knew about
these animals another day.



CHAPTER V.

INDIAN BASKETS--THREAD PLANTS--MAPLE SUGAR TREE--INDIAN ORNAMENTAL WORKS--
RACOONS


It was some time before Lady Mary's nurse could tell her any more
stories. She received a letter from her sister-in-law, informing her that
her brother was dangerously ill, confined to what was feared would prove
his deathbed, and that he earnestly desired to see her before he died. The
Governor's lady, who was very kind and good to all her household, readily
consented to let Mrs. Frazer go to her sick relation.

Lady Mary parted from her dear nurse, whom she loved very tenderly, with
much regret. Mrs. Frazer told her that it might be a fortnight before she
could return, as her brother lived on the shores of one of the small
lakes, near the head waters of the Otonabee river, a great way off; but
she promised to return as soon as she could, and to console her young
mistress for her absence, said she would bring her some Indian toys from
the backwoods.

The month of March passed away pleasantly, for Lady Mary enjoyed many
delightful sleigh-drives with her papa and mamma, who took every
opportunity to instruct and amuse her. On entering her nursery one day,
after enjoying a long drive in the country, great was her joy to find her
good nurse sitting quietly at work by the stove. She was dressed in deep
mourning, and looked much thinner and paler than when she had last seen
her.

The kind little girl knew, when she saw her nurse's black dress, that her
brother must be dead; and with the thoughtfulness of a true lady, remained
very quiet, and did not annoy her with questions about trifling matters;
she spoke low and gently to her, and tried to comfort her when she saw
large tears falling on the work which she held in her hand, kindly said,
"Mrs, Frazer, you had better go and lie down and rest yourself, for you
must be tired after your long long journey."

The next day Mrs. Frazer seemed to be much better; and she showed Lady
Mary an Indian basket, made of birch-bark, very richly wrought with
coloured porcupine-quills, and which had two lids.

Lady Mary admired the splendid colours, and strange patterns on the basket.

"It is for you, my dear," said her nurse, "open it, and see what is in
it." Lady Mary lifted one of the lids, and took out another small basket,
of a different shape and pattern. It had a top, which was sewn down with
coarse-looking thread, which her nurse told her was nothing but the sinews
of the deer, dried and beaten fine, and drawn out like thread. Then,
taking an end of it in her hand, she made Lady Mary observe that these
coarse threads could be separated into a great number of finer ones,
sufficiently delicate to pass through the eye of a fine needle, or to
string tiny beads.

"The Indians, my lady, sew with the sinews of the wild animals they kill.
These sinews are much stronger and tougher than thread, and therefore are
well adapted to sew together such things as moccasins, leggings, and
garments made of the skins of wild animals. The finer threads are used for
sewing the beads and quill ornaments on moccasins, sheaths, and pouches,
besides other things that I cannot now think of.

"They sew some things with the roots of the tamarack, of larch; such as
coarse birch-baskets, bark canoes, and the covering of their wigwams. They
call this 'wah-tap,' [Footnote: Asclepia paviflora.] (wood-thread,) and
they prepare it by pulling off the outer rind and steeping it in water. It
is the larger fibres which have the appearance of small cordage when
coiled up and fit for use. This 'wah-tap' is very valuable to these poor
Indians. There is also another plant, called Indian hemp, which is a small
shrubby kind of milk-weed, that grows on gravelly islands. It bears white
flowers, and the branches are long and slender; under the bark there is a
fine silky thread covering the wood; this is tough, and can be twisted and
spun into cloth. It is very white and fine, and does not easily break.
There are other plants of the same family, with pods full of fine shining
silk; but these are too brittle to spin into thread. This last kind, Lady
Mary, which is called Milk-weed flytrap, I will show you in summer."
[Footnote: Asclepia Syriaca.]

But while Mrs. Frazer was talking about these plants, the little lady was
examining the contents of the small birch-box. "If you please, nurse, will
you tell me what these dark shining seeds are?"

"These seeds, my dear, are Indian rice; an old squaw, Mrs. Peter Noggan,
gave me this as a present for 'Governor's daughter,'" and Mrs. Frazer
imitated the soft, whining tone of the Indian, which made Lady Mary laugh.

"The box is called a 'mowkowk.' There is another just like it, only there
is a white bird,--a snow-bird, I suppose it is intended for--worked on the
lid." The lid of this box was fastened down with a narrow slip of
deer-skin; Lady Mary cut the fastening, and raised the lid,--"Nurse, it is
only yellow sand; how droll, to send me a box of sand!"

"It is not sand; taste it, Lady Mary."

"It is sweet--it is sugar! Ah! now I know what it is that this kind old
squaw has sent me; it is maple-sugar; and is very nice. I will go and show
it to mamma."

"Wait a little, Lady Mary, let us see what there is in the basket besides
the rice and the maple-sugar."

"What a lovely thing this is! dear nurse, what can it be?"

"It is a sheath for your scissors, my dear; it is made of doe-skin,
embroidered with white beads, and coloured quills split fine, and sewn
with deer-sinew thread. Look at these curious bracelets."

Lady Mary examined the bracelets, and said she thought they were wrought
with beads; but Mrs. Frazer told her that what she took for beads were
porcupine quills, cut out very finely, and strung in a pattern. They were
not only neatly but tastefully made; the pattern, though a Grecian scroll,
having been carefully imitated by some Indian squaw.

"This embroidered knife-sheath is large enough for a hunting-knife," said
Lady Mary, "a '_couteau de chasse_,'--is it not?"

"This sheath was worked by the wife of Isaac Iron, an educated chief of
the Mud Lake Indians; she gave it to me because I had been kind to her in
sickness."

"I will give it to my dear papa," said Lady Mary, "for I never go out
hunting, and do not wish to carry a large knife by my side;" and she laid
the sheath away, after having admired its gay colours, and particularly
the figure of a little animal worked in black and white quills, which was
intended to represent a racoon.

"This is a present for your doll; it is a doll's mat, woven by a little
girl, aged seven years, Rachel Muskrat; and here is a little canoe of red
cedar, made by a little Indian boy."

"What a darling little boat, and there is a fish carved on the paddles."
This device greatly pleased Lady Mary, who said she would send Rachel a
wax doll, and little Moses a knife, or some other useful article, when
Mrs. Frazer went again to the Lakes; but when her nurse took out of the
other end of the basket a birch-bark cradle, made for her doll, worked
very richly, she clapped her hands for joy, saying, "Ah, nurse, you should
not have brought me so many pretty things at once, for I am too happy!"

The remaining contents of the basket consisted of seeds and berries, and
a small cake of maple-sugar, which Mrs. Frazer had made for the young
lady. This was very different in appearance from the Indian sugar; it was
bright and sparkling, like sugar-candy, and tasted sweeter. The other
sugar was dry, and slightly bitter: Mrs. Frazer told Lady Mary that this
peculiar taste was caused by the birch-bark vessels, which the Indians
used for catching the sap as it flowed from the maple-trees.

"I wonder who taught the Indians how to make maple-sugar?" asked the child.

"I do not know;" replied the nurse. "I have heard that they knew how to
make this sugar when the discoverers of the country found them. [Footnote:
However this may be, the French settlers claim the merit of converting the
sap into sugar.] It may be that they found it out by accident. The
sugar-maple when wounded in March, and April, yields a great deal of sweet
liquor. Some Indians may have supplied themselves with this juice, when
pressed for want of water; for it flows so freely in warm days in spring,
that several pints can be obtained from one tree in the course of the day.
By boiling this juice, it becomes very sweet; and at last, when all the
thin watery part has gone off in steam, it becomes thick, like honey; by
boiling it still-longer, it turns to sugar, when cold. So you see, my dear,
that the Indians may have found it out by boiling some sap, instead of
water, and letting it remain on the fire till it grew thick."

"Are there many kinds of maple-trees, that sugar can be made from,
nurse?" asked the little girl.

"Yes, [Footnote: All the maple tribe are of a saccharine nature. Sugar has
been made in England from the sap of the sycamore.] my lady; but I believe
the sugar-maple yields the best sap for the purpose; that of the
birch-tree, I have heard, can be made into sugar; but it would require a
larger quantity; weak wine, or vinegar, is made by the settlers of
birch-sap, which is very pleasant tasted. The people who live in the
backwoods, and make maple-sugar, always make a keg of vinegar at the
sugaring off."

"That must be very useful; but if the sap is sweet, how can it be made
into such sour stuff as vinegar?"

Then nurse tried to make Lady Mary understand that the heat of the sun,
or of a warm room, would make the liquor ferment, unless it had been
boiled a long time, so as to become very sweet, and somewhat thick. The
first fermentation, she told her, would give only a winy taste; but if it
continued to ferment a great deal, it turned sour, and became vinegar.

"How very useful the maple-tree is, nurse! I wish there were maples in
the garden, and I would make sugar, molasses, wine, and vinegar; and what
else would I do with my maple-tree?"

Mrs. Frazer laughed, and said,--"The wood makes excellent fuel; but is
also used in making bedsteads, chests of drawers, and many other things.
There is a very pretty wood for furniture, called 'bird's-eye maple;' the
drawers in my bedroom that you think so pretty are made of it; but it is a
disease in the tree that causes it to have these little marks all through
the wood. In autumn, this tree improves the forest landscape, for the
bright scarlet leaves of the maple give a beautiful look to the woods in
the fall. The soft maple, another species, is very bright when the leaves
are changing, but it gives no sugar."

"Then I will not let it grow in my garden, nurse!"

"It is good for other purposes, my dear. The settlers use the bark for
dyeing wool; and a jet black ink can be made from it, by boiling down the
bark with a bit of copperas, in an iron vessel; so you see it is useful.
The bright red flowers of this tree look very pretty in the spring; it
grows best by the water-side, and some call it 'the swamp maple.'"

This was all Mrs. Frazer could tell Lady Mary about the maple-trees. Many
little girls, as young as the Governor's daughter, would have thought it
very dull to listen to what her nurse had to say about plants and trees;
but Lady Mary would put aside her dolls and toys, to stand beside her to
ask questions, and listen to her answers; the more she heard, the more she
desired to hear, about these things. "The hearing ear, and the seeing eye,
are two things that are never satisfied," saith the wise king Solomon.

Lady Mary was delighted with the contents of her Indian basket, and spent
the rest of her play-hours in looking at the various articles it
contained, and asking her nurse questions about the materials of which
they were made. Some of the bark boxes were lined with paper, but the
doll's cradle was not, and Lady Mary perceived that the inside of it was
very rough, caused by the hard ends of the quills with which it was
ornamented. At first, she could not think how the squaws worked with the
quills, as they could not possibly thread them through the eye of a
needle; but her nurse told her that when they want to work any pattern in
birch-bark, they trace it with some sharp-pointed instrument, such as a
nail, or bodkin, or even a sharp thorn; with which they pierce holes close
together round the edge of the leaf, or blade, or bird they have drawn out
on the birch-bark; into these holes they insert one end of the quill, the
other end is then drawn through the opposite hole, pulled tight, bent a
little, and cut off on the inside. This any one of my young readers may
see, if they examine the Indian baskets or toys, made of birch-bark. "I
have seen the squaws in their wigwams at work on these things, sitting
cross-legged on their mats,--some had the quills in a little bark dish on
their laps, while others held them in their mouths--not a very safe nor
delicate way; but Indians are not very nice in some of their habits," said
Mrs. Frazer.

"Nurse, if you please, will you tell me what this little animal is
designed to represent," said Lady Mary, pointing to the figure of the
racoon worked in quills on the sheath of the hunting-knife.

"It is intended for a racoon, my lady," replied her nurse.

"Is the racoon a pretty creature like my squirrel?"

"It is much larger than your squirrel; its fur is not nearly so soft or
so fine; the colour being black and grey, or dun; the tail barred across,
and bushy,--you have seen many sleigh-robes made of racoon-skins, with the
tails looking like tassels at the back of the sleighs."

"Oh, yes, and a funny cunning-looking face peeping out too!"

"The face of this little animal is sharp, and the eyes black and keen,
like a fox; the feet bare, like the soles of our feet, only black and
leathery; their claws are very sharp; they can climb trees very fast.
During the winter the racoons sleep in hollow trees, and cling together
for the sake of keeping each other warm. The choppers find as many as
seven or eight in one nest, fast asleep. Most probably the young family
remain with the old ones until spring, when, they separate. The racoon in
its habits is said to resemble the bear; like the bear, it lives chiefly
on vegetables, especially Indian corn, but I do not think that it lays by
any store for winter. They sometimes awake if there come a few warm days,
but soon retire again to their warm cosy nests."

"Racoons will eat eggs; and fowls are often taken by them,--perhaps this
is in the winter, when they wake up and are pressed by hunger."

Her nurse said that one of her friends had a racoon which he kept in a
wooden cage, but he was obliged to have a chain and collar to keep him
from getting away, as he used to gnaw the bars asunder; and had slily
stolen away and killed some ducks, and was almost as mischievous as a fox,
but was very lively and amusing in his way.

Lady Mary now left her good nurse, and took her basket, with all its
Indian treasures, to show to her mamma,--with whom we leave her for the
present.



CHAPTER VI.

CANADIAN BIRDS--SNOW SPARROW--ROBIN RED-BREAST--CANADIAN FLOWERS--
AMERICAN PORCUPINE.


"Spring is coming, nurse! Spring is coming at last!" exclaimed the
Governor's little daughter, joyfully. "The snow is going away at last. I
am tired of the white snow, it makes my eyes ache. I want to see the brown
earth, and the grass, and the green moss, and the pretty flowers again."

"It will be some days before this deep covering of snow is gone. The
streets are still slippery with ice, which it will take some time, my
lady, to soften."

"But, nurse, the sun shines, and there are little streams of water
running along the streets in every direction; see, the snow is gone from
under the bushes and trees in the garden. I saw some dear little birds
flying about, and I watched them perching on the dry stalks of the tall
rough weeds, and they appeared to be picking seeds out of the husks. Can
you tell me what birds they were?"

"I saw the flock of birds you mean, Lady Mary; they are the common
snow-sparrows; [Footnote: Fringilla nivalis.] almost our earliest
visitants; for they may be seen in April, mingled with the brown
song-sparrow, [Footnote: Fringilla melodia.] flitting about the garden
fences, or picking the stalks of the tall mullein and amaranths, to find
the seeds that have not been shaken out by the autumn winds; and possibly
they also find insects cradled in the husks of the old seed-vessels. These
snow-sparrows are very hardy, and though some migrate to the States in the
beginning of winter, a few stay in the Upper Province, and others come back
to us before the snow is all gone."

"They are very pretty, neat-looking birds, nurse; dark slate colour, with
white breasts."

"When I was a little girl, I used to call them my Quaker-birds, they
looked so neat and prim. In the summer you may find their nests in the
brush-heaps near the edge of the forest; they sing a soft, low song."

"Nurse, I heard a bird singing yesterday, when I was in the garden; a
little plain brown bird, nurse."

"It was a song-sparrow, Lady Mary. This cheerful little bird comes with
the snow-birds, often before the robin."

"Oh, nurse, the robin! I wish you would show me a darling robin
redbreast. I did not know they lived in Canada."

"The bird that we call the robin in this country, my dear, is not like
the little redbreast you have seen at home; our robin is twice as large;
though in shape resembling the European robin; I believe it is really a
kind of thrush. It migrates in the fall, and returns to us early in the
spring."

"What is migrating, nurse; is it the same as emigrating?"

"Yes, Lady Mary, for when a person leaves his native country, and goes to
live in another country, he is said to emigrate. This is the reason why
the English, Scotch, and Irish families who come to live in Canada are
called Emigrants."

"What colour are the Canadian robins, nurse?"

"The head is blackish, the back lead colour, and the breast is pale
orange; not so bright a red, however, as the real robin."

"Have you ever seen their nests, nurse?"

"Yes, my dear, many of them. It is not a pretty nest; it is large, and
coarsely put together, of old dried grass, roots, and dead leaves,
plastered inside with clay, mixed with bits of straw, so as to form a sort
of mortar. You know, Lady Mary, that the blackbird and thrush build nests,
and plaster them in this way."

The little lady nodded her head in assent. "Nurse, I once saw a robin's
nest when I was in England; it was in the side of a mossy ditch, with
primroses growing close beside it; it was made of green moss, and lined
with white wool and hair; it was a pretty nest, with nice eggs in it, much
better than your Canadian robin's nest."

"Our robins build in upturned roots, in the corners of rail fences, and
in the young pear-trees and apple-trees in the orchard. The eggs are a
greenish blue. The robin sings a full, clear song; indeed he is our best
songster. We have so few singing-birds, that we prize those that do sing
very much."

"Does the Canadian robin come into the house in winter, and pick up the
crumbs, as the dear little redbreasts do at home?"

"No, Lady Mary, they are able to find plenty of food abroad, when they
return to us; but they hop about the houses and gardens pretty freely. In
the fall, before they go away, they may be seen in great numbers, running
about the old pastures, picking up worms and seeds."

"Do people see the birds flying away together, nurse?"

"Not often, my dear, for most birds congregate together in small flocks
and depart unnoticed; many go away at night, when we are sleeping; and
some fly very high on cloudy days, so that they are not distinctly seen
against the dull grey sky. The water birds, such as geese, swans, and
ducks, take their flight in large bodies. They are heard making a
continual noise in the air, and may be seen grouped in long lines, or in
the form of the letter V lying on its side, (<), the point generally
directed southward or westward, the strongest and oldest birds acting as
leaders: when tired, these aquatic generals fall backward into the main
body, and are replaced by others."

Lady Mary was much surprised at the order and sagacity displayed by wild
fowl in their flight; and Mrs. Frazer told her that some other time she
would tell her some more facts respecting their migration to other
countries.

"Nurse, will you tell me something about birds' nests, and what they make
them of?"

"Birds that live chiefly in the depths of the forest, or in solitary
places, far away from the haunts of men, build their nests of ruder
materials, and with less care in the manner of putting them together;
dried grass, roots, and a little moss, seem to be the materials they make
use of. It has been noticed by many persons, my dear, that those birds
that live near towns and villages and cleared farms, soon learn to make
better sorts of nests, and to weave into them soft and comfortable things,
such as silk, wool, cotton, and hair."

"That is very strange, nurse."

"It is so, Lady Mary; but the same thing may also be seen among human
beings. The savage nations are contented with rude dwellings made of
sticks and cane, covered with skins of beasts, bark, or reeds; but when
they once unite together in a more social state, and live in villages and
towns, a desire for improvement takes place; the tent of skins, or the
rude shanty, is exchanged for a hut of better shape; and this in time
gives place to houses and furniture of more useful and ornamental kinds."

"Nurse, I heard mamma say, that the Britons who lived in England were
once savages, and lived in caves, huts, and thick woods; that they dressed
in skins, and painted their bodies like the Indians."

"When you read the history of England, you will see that such was the
case," said Mrs. Frazer.

"Nurse, perhaps the little birds like to see the flowers, and the
sunshine, and the blue sky, and men's houses. I will make my garden very
pretty this spring, and plant some nice flowers to please the dear little
birds."

Many persons would have thought such remarks very foolish in our little
lady, but Mrs. Frazer, who was a good and wise woman, did not laugh at the
little girl; for she thought it was a lovely thing to see her wish to give
happiness to the least of God's creatures, for it was imitating His own
goodness and mercy, which delight in the enjoyment of the things which He
has called into existence.

"Please, Mrs. Frazer, will you tell me which flowers will be first in
bloom?"

"The very first is a plant that comes up without leaves."

"Nurse, that is the Christmas-rose; [Footnote: Winter Aconite.] I have
seen it in the old country."

"No, Lady Mary, it is the colt's-foot; [Footnote: Tussilago Farfara.] it
is a common looking, coarse, yellow-blossomed flower; it is the first that
blooms after the snow; then comes the pretty snow-flower or hepatica. Its
pretty tufts of white, pink, or blue starry flowers, may be seen on the
open clearing, or beneath the shade of the half-cleared woods, or upturned
roots and sunny banks. Like the English daisy, it grows everywhere, and
the sight of its bright starry blossoms delights every eye."

"The next flower that comes in is the dog's-tooth-violet." [Footnote:
Erythronium.]

"What a droll name!" exclaimed Lady Mary, laughing.

"I suppose it is called so from the sharpness of the flower-leaves
(petals), my lady, but it is a beautiful yellow lily; the leaves are also
pretty; they are veined or clouded with milky white or dusky purple. The
plant has a bulbous root, and in the month of April sends up its single,
nodding, yellow-spotted flowers; they grow in large beds, where the ground
is black, moist and rich, near creeks on the edge of the forest."

"Do you know any other pretty flowers, nurse?"

"Yes, my lady, there are a great many that bloom in April and May; white
violets, and blue, and yellow, of many kinds; and then there is the spring
beauty, [Footnote: Claytonia.] a delicate little flower with pink striped
bells, and the everlasting flower, [Footnote: Graphalium.] and saxifrage,
and the white and dark red lily, that the Yankees call 'white and red
death.' [Footnote: Trillium, or Wake Robin.] These have three green
leaves about the middle of the stalk, and the flower is composed of three
pure white or deep red leaves--petals my father used to call them; for my
father, Lady Mary, was a botanist, and knew the names of all the flowers,
and I learned them from him.

"The most curious is the mocassin flower. The early one is bright golden
yellow, and has a bag or sack which is curiously spotted with ruby red,
and its petals are twisted like horns. There is a hard thick piece that
lies down just above the sack or mocassin part; and if you lift this up,
you see a pair of round dark spots like eyes, and the Indians say it is
like the face of a hound, with the nose and black eyes plain to be seen;
two of the shorter curled brown petals look like flapped ears, one on each
side of the face.

"There is a more beautiful sort, purple and white, which blooms in
August; the plant is taller, and bears large lovely flowers."

"And has it a funny face and ears too, nurse?"

"Yes, my dear, but the face is more like an ape's; it is even more
distinct than in the yellow mocassin. When my brother and I were children,
we used to fold back the petals and call them baby flowers; the sack, we
thought, looked like a baby's white frock."

Lady Mary was much amused at this notion.

"There are a great number of very beautiful and also very curious flowers
growing in the forest," said Mrs. Frazer; "some of them are used in
medicine, and some by the Indians for dyes, with which they stain the
baskets and porcupine quills. One of our earliest flowers is called the
blood-root; [Footnote: Sanguivaria.] it comes up a delicate white folded
bud, within a vine-shaped leaf, which is veined on the under side with
orange yellow. If the stem or the root of this plant be broken, a scarlet
juice drops out very fast--it is with this the squaws dye red and orange
colours."

"I am glad to hear this, nurse; now I can tell my dear mamma what the
baskets and quills are dyed with."

"The flower is very pretty, like a white crocus, only not so large. You
saw some crocuses in the conservatory the other day, I think, my dear
lady."

"Oh, yes, yellow ones, and purple too, in a funny china thing with holes
in its back, and the flowers came up through the holes. The gardener said
it was a porcupine."

"Please, nurse, tell me of what colours real porcupine quills are?"

"They are white and greyish-brown."

Then Lady Mary brought a print and showed it to her nurse, saying,
"Nurse, is the porcupine like this picture?"

"The American porcupine, my dear, is not so large as this species; its
spines are smaller and weaker. It resembles the common hedgehog more
nearly. It is an innocent animal, feeding mostly on roots [Footnote: There
is a plant of the lily tribe, upon the roots of which the porcupine feeds,
as well as on wild bulbs and berries, and the bark of the black spruce and
larch. It will also eat apples and Indian corn.] and small fruits; it
burrows in dry stony hillocks, and passes the cold weather in sleep. It
goes abroad chiefly during the night. The spines of the Canadian porcupine
are much weaker than those of the African species. The Indians trap these
creatures and eat their flesh. They bake them in their skins in native
ovens,--holes made in the earth, lined with stones, which they make very
hot, covering them over with embers."

Mrs. Frazer had told Lady Mary all she knew about the porcupine, when
Campbell, the footman, came to say that her papa wanted to see her.



CHAPTER VII.

INDIAN BAG--INDIAN EMBROIDERY--BEAVER'S TAIL--BEAVER ARCHITECTURE--HABITS
OF THE BEAVER--BEAVER TOOLS--BEAVER MEADOWS.


When Lady Mary went down to her father, he presented her with a beautiful
Indian bag, which he had brought from Lake Huron, in the Upper Province.
It was of fine doeskin, very nicely wrought with dyed moose-hair, and the
pattern was very pretty; the border was of scarlet feathers on one side,
and blue on the other, which formed a rich silken fringe at each edge.
This was a present from the wife of a chief on Manitoulin Island. Lady
Mary was much delighted with her present, and admired this new-fashioned
work in moose-hair very much. The feathers, Mrs. Frazer told her, were
from the summer red bird or war bird, and the blue bird, both of which,
Lady Mary said, she had seen. The Indians use these feathers as ornaments
for their heads and shoulders on grand occasions.

Lady Mary recollected hearing her mamma speak of Indians who wore mantles
and dresses of gay feathers. They were chiefs of the Sandwich Islands, she
believed, who had these superb habits.

"Dear nurse, will you tell me anything more about birds and flowers
to-day?" asked Lady Mary, after she had put away her pretty bag.

"I promised to tell you about the beavers, my lady," replied Mrs. Frazer.

"Oh, yes, about the beavers that make the dams and the nice houses, and
cut down whole trees. I am glad you can tell me something about those
curious creatures; for mamma bought me a pretty picture, which I will show
you, if you please," said the little girl. "But what is this odd-looking,
black thing here? Is it a dried fish? It must be a black bass? Yes, nurse,
I am sure it is."

The nurse smiled, and said, "It is not a fish at all, my dear; it is a
dried beaver's tail. I brought it from the back lakes when I was at home,
that you might see it. See, my lady, how curiously the beaver's tail is
covered with scales; it looks like some sort of black leather, stamped in
a diaper pattern. Before it is dried, it is very heavy, weighing three or
four pounds. I have heard my brothers and some of the Indian trappers say,
that the animal makes use of its tail to beat the sides of the dams and
smoothe the mud and clay, as a plasterer uses a trowel. Some people think
otherwise, but it seems well suited from its shape and weight for the
purpose, and, indeed, as the walls they raise seem to have been smoothed
by some implement, I see no reason to disbelieve the story."

"And what do the beavers make dams with, nurse?"

"With small trees cut into pieces, and drawn in close to each other; and
then the beavers fill the spaces between with sods, and stones, and clay,
and all sorts of things that they gather together and work up into a solid
wall. The walls are made broad at the bottom, and are several feet in
thickness, to make them strong enough to keep the water from washing
through them. The beavers assemble together in the fall, about the months
of October and November, to build their houses and repair their dams. They
prefer running water, as it is less likely to freeze. They work in large
parties, sometimes fifty or a hundred together, and do a great deal in a
short time. They work during the night."

"Of what use is the dam, nurse?"

"The dam is for the purpose of securing a constant supply of water, without
which they could not live. When they have enclosed the beaver-pond, they
separate into family parties of eleven [Transcriber's Note: Lengthy
footnote moved to end of chapter] or twelve, perhaps more, sometimes less,
and construct dwellings, which are raised against the inner walls of the
dam. These little huts have two chambers, one in which they sleep, which is
warm and soft and dry, lined with roots and sedges and dry grass, and any
odds and ends that serve their purpose. The feeding place is below; in this
is stored the wood or the bark on which they feed. The entrance to this is
under water, and hidden from sight; but it is there that the cunning hunter
sets his trap to catch the unsuspecting beavers."

"Nurse, do not beavers, and otters, and muskrats feel cold while living
in the water; and do they not get wet?"

"No, my dear; they do not feel cold, and cannot get wet, for the thick
coating of hair and down keeps them warm; and these animals, like ducks
and geese and all kinds of water-fowls, are supplied with a bag of oil,
with which they dress their coats, and that throws off the moisture; for
you know, Lady Mary, that oil and water will not mix. All creatures that
live in the water are provided with oily fur, or smooth scales that no
water can penetrate; and water birds, such as ducks and geese, have a
little bag of oil, with which they dress their feathers."

"Are there any beavers in England, nurse?" asked Lady Mary.

"No, my lady, not now; but I remember my father told me that this animal
once existed in numbers in different countries of Europe; he said they
were still to be found in Norway, Sweden, Russia, Germany, and even in
France. [Footnote: The remains of bearer dams in Wales prove that this
interesting animal was once a native of Great Britain.] The beaver abounds
mostly in North America, and in its cold portions; in solitudes that no
foot of man but the wild Indian has ever penetrated; in lonely streams and
inland lakes,--these harmless creatures are found fulfilling God's
purpose, and doing injury to none.

"I think if there had been any beavers in the land of Israel, in
Solomon's time, that the wise king, who spake of ants, spiders,
grasshoppers, and conies, [Footnote: The rock rabbits of Judaea.] would
have named the beavers also, as patterns of gentleness, cleanliness, and
industry. They work together in bands, and live in families and never
fight or disagree. They have no chief or leader; they seem to have neither
king nor ruler; yet they work in perfect love and harmony. How pleasant it
would be, Lady Mary, if all Christian people would love each other as
these poor beavers seem to do!"

"Nurse how can beavers cut down trees; they have neither axes nor saws?"

"Here, Lady Mary, are the axes and saws with which God has provided these
little creatures;" and Mrs. Frazer showed Lady Mary two long curved tusks,
of a reddish-brown colour, which she told her were the tools used by the
beavers to cut and gnaw the trees; she said she had seen trees as thick as
a man's leg, that had been felled by these simple tools.

Lady Mary was much surprised that such small animals could cut through
any thing so thick.

"In nature," replied her nurse, "we often see great things done by very
small means. Patience and perseverance work well. The poplar, birch, and
some other trees, on which beavers feed, and which they also use in making
their dams, are softer and more easily cut than oak, elm or birch would
be: these trees are found growing near the water, and in such places as
the beavers build in. The settler owes to the industrious habits of this
animal those large open tracts of land called beaver meadows, covered with
long, thick, rank grass, which he cuts down and uses as hay. These beaver
meadows have the appearance of dried-up lakes. The soil is black and
spongy; for you may put a stick down to the depth of many feet; it is only
in the months of July, August, and September, that they are dry. Bushes of
black alder, with a few poplars and twining shrubs, are scattered over the
beaver meadows; some of which have high stony banks; and little islands of
trees. On these are many pretty wild flowers; among others, I found
growing on the dry banks some real hare-bells, both blue and white."

"Ah, dear nurse, hare-bells! did you find real hare-bells, such as grow on
the bonny Highland hills among the heather? I wish papa would let me go to
the Upper Province, to see the beaver meadows, and gather the dear
blue-bells."

"My father, Lady Mary, wept when I brought him a handful of these
flowers, for he said it reminded him of his Highland home. I have found
these pretty bells growing on the wild hills about Rice Lake, near the
water, as well as near the beaver meadows."

"Do the beavers sleep in the winter time, nurse?"

"They do not lie torpid, as racoons do, though they may sleep a good
deal; but as they lay up a great store of provisions for the winter, of
course they must awake sometimes to eat it."

Lady Mary thought so too.

"In the spring, when the long warm days return, they quit their winter
retreat, and separate in pairs, living in holes in the banks of lakes and
rivers, and do not unite again till the approach of the cold calls them
together to prepare for winter, as I told you."

"Who calls them all to build their winter houses?" asked the child.

"The providence of God; usually called instinct, that guides these wild
animals; doubtless it is the law of nature given to them by God.

"There is a great resemblance in the habits of the musk-rat and the
beaver. They all live in the water; all separate in the spring, and meet
again in the fall to build and work together; and, having helped each
other in these things, they retire to a private dwelling, each family by
itself. The otter does not make a dam, like the beaver, and I am not sure
that it works in companies, as the beaver; it lives on fish and roots; the
musk-rats on shell-fish and roots, and the beaver on vegetable food
mostly. Musk-rats and beavers are used for food, but the flesh of the
otter is too fishy to be eaten."

"Nurse, can people eat musk-rats?" asked Lady Mary, with surprise.

"Yes, my lady, in the spring months the hunters and Indians reckon them
good food; I have eaten them myself, but I did not like them, they were too
fat. Musk-rats build a little house of rushes, and plaster it; they have
two chambers, and do not lie torpid; they build in shallow, rushy places in
lakes, but in spring they quit their winter houses and are often found in
holes among the roots of trees; they live on mussels and shell-fish. The
fur is used in making caps, and hats, and fur gloves."

"Nurse, did you ever see a tame beaver?"

"Yes, my dear; I knew a squaw who had a tame beaver, which she used to
take out in her canoe with her, and it sat in her lap, or on her shoulder,
and was very playful." Just then the dinner-bell rang, and as dinner at
Government-house waits for no one, Lady Mary was obliged to defer hearing
more about beavers until another time.


[Relocated Footnote: I copy for the reader an account of the beavers,
written by an Indian chief, who was born at Rice Lake, in Canada, and
becoming a Christian, learned to read and write, and went on a mission to
teach the poor Indians, who did not know Christ, to worship God in spirit
and in truth. During some months while he was journeying towards a
settlement belonging to the Hudson Bay Company, he wrote a journal of the
things he saw in that wild country; and, among other matters, he made the
following note about the habits of those curious animals the beavers, which
I think is most likely to be correct, as Indians are very observant of the
habits of wild animals. He says,--"The country here is marshy, covered with
low evergreens. Here begins an extensive beaver settlement; it continues up
the river for sixty miles. When travelling with a row-boat, the noise
frightens the timid beavers, and they dive under water; but as we had a
light birch-bark canoe, we saw them at evening and at day-break going to
and fro from their work to the shore. They sleep, during the day, and chop
and gnaw during the night. They cut the wood that they use, from slender
wands up to poles four inches through, and from one to two fathoms long (a
fathom is a measure of six feet). A large beaver will carry in his mouth a
stick I should not like to carry on my shoulder, for two or three hundred
yards to the water, and then float it off to where he wants to take it. The
kinds of trees used by the beavers are willow and poplar--the round-leaved
poplar they prefer. The Canada beavers, where the poplars are large, lumber
(_i.e._ cut down) on a larger scale; they cut trees a foot through, but in
that case only make use of the limbs, which are gnawed off the trunk in
suitable lengths. The beaver is not a climbing animal. About two cords of
wood serve Mister Beaver and his family for the winter. A beaver's house
is large enough to allow two men a comfortable sleeping-room, and it is
kept very clean. It is built of sticks, stones, and mud, and is well
plastered outside and in. The trowel the beaver uses in plastering is his
tail; this is considered a great delicacy at the table. Their beds are made
of chips, split as fine as the brush of an Indian broom; these are disposed
in one corner, and kept dry and sweet and clean. It is the bark of the
green wood that is used by the beavers for food; after the stick is peeled,
they float it out at a distance from the house. Many good housewives might
learn a lesson of neatness and order from the humble beaver.

"In large lakes and rivers, the beavers make no dams; they have water
enough without putting themselves to that trouble; but in small creeks
they dam up, and make a better stop-water than is done by the millers. The
spot where they build their dams is the most labour-saving place in the
valley, and where the work will stand best. When the dam is finished, not
a drop of water escapes; their work is always well done.

"This part of the country abounds in beavers. An Indian will kill upwards
of three hundred in a season. The skin of the beaver is not worth as much
as it used to be, but their flesh is an excellent article of food."
--_Journal of the_ REV. PETER JACOBS, _Indian Missionary_.]



CHAPTER VIII.

INDIAN BOY AND HIS PETS--TAME BEAVER AT HOME--KITTEN, WILDFIRE--PET
RACOON AND THE SPANIEL PUPPIES--CANADIAN FLORA.


"Nurse, you have told me a great many nice stories; now I can tell you
one, if you would like to hear it," and the Governor's little daughter
fixed her bright eyes, teaming with intelligence, on the face of her
nurse, who smiled, and said she should like very much to hear the story.

"You must guess what it is to be about, nurse."

"I am afraid I shall not guess right. Is it 'Little Red Riding Hood,' or
'Old Mother Hubbard,' or 'Jack the Giant Killer?'"

"Oh, nurse, to guess such silly stories!" said the little girl, stopping
her ears. "Those are too silly for me even to tell baby. My story is nice
story about a darling tame beaver. Major Pickford took me on his knee and
told me the story last night."

Mrs. Frazer begged Lady Mary's pardon for making such foolish guesses,
and declared she should like very much to hear Major Pickford's story of
the tame beaver.

"Well, nurse, you must know there was once a gentleman who lived in the
bush, on the banks of a small lake, somewhere in Canada, a long, long way
from Montreal. He lived all alone in a little log-house, and spent his
time in fishing, and trapping, and hunting; and he was very dull, for he
had no wife and no child like me to talk to. The only people whom he used
to see were some French lumberers, and now and then the Indians would come
in their canoes and fish on his lake, and make their wigwams on the lake
shore, and hunt deer in the wood. The gentleman was very fond of the
Indians, and used to pass a great deal of his time with them, and talk to
them in their own language.

"Well, nurse, one day he found a poor little Indian boy who had been lost
in the woods and was half starved, sick and weak, and the kind gentleman
took him home to his house, and fed and nursed him till he got quite
strong again. Was not that good, nurse?"

"It was quite right, my lady. People should always be kind to the sick
and weak, and especially a poor Indian stranger. I like the story very
much, and shall be glad to hear more about the Indian boy."

"Nurse, there is not a great deal more about the Indian boy; for when the
Indian party to which he belonged returned from hunting, he went away to
his own home; but I forgot to tell you that the gentleman had often said
how much he should like to have a young beaver to make a pet of. He was
very fond of pets; he had a dear little squirrel, just like mine, nurse, a
flying squirrel, which he had made so tame that it slept in his bosom and
lived in his pocket, where he kept nuts and acorns and apples for it to
eat, and he had a racoon too, nurse,--only think! a real racoon; and Major
Pickford told me something so droll about the racoon, only I want first to
go on with the story about the beaver.

"One day, as the gentleman was sitting by the fire reading, he heard a
slight noise, and when he looked up was quite surprised to see an Indian
boy in a blanket coat,--with his dark eyes fixed upon his face, while his
long black hair hung down on his shoulders. He looked quite wild, and did
not say a word, but only opened his blanket coat, and showed a brown
furred animal asleep on his breast. What do you think it was, nurse?"

"A young beaver, my lady."

"Yes, nurse, it was a little beaver. The good Indian boy had caught it,
and tamed it on purpose to bring it to his white friend, who had been so
good to him.

"I cannot tell you all the amusing things the Indian boy said about the
beaver, though the Major told them to me; but I cannot talk like an
Indian, you know, Mrs. Frazer. After the boy went away, the gentleman set
to work and made a little log-house for his beaver to live in, and set it
in a corner of the shanty; and he hollowed a large sugar-trough for his
water, that he might have water to wash in, and cut down some young
willows and poplars and birch-trees for him to eat, and the little beaver
grew-very fond of his new master; it would fondle him just like a little
squirrel, put its soft head on his knee, and climb upon his lap; he taught
it to eat bread, sweet cake, and biscuit, and even roast and boiled meat,
and it would drink milk too.

"Well, nurse, the little beaver lived very happily with this kind
gentleman till the next fall, and then it began to get very restless and
active, as if it were tired of doing nothing. One day his master heard of
the arrival of a friend some miles off, so he left Mister Beaver to take
care of himself, and went away; but he did not forget to give him some
green wood, and plenty of water to drink and play in; he stayed several
days, for he was very glad to meet with a friend in that lonely place; but
when he came, he could not open his door, and was obliged to get in at the
window. What do you think the beaver had done? It had built a dam against
the side of the trough, and a wall across the door, and it had dug up the
hearth and the floor, and carried the earth and the stones to help to make
his dam, and puddled it with water, and made such work! the house was in
perfect confusion, with mud, chips, bark, and stone; and, oh nurse, worse
than all that, it had gnawed through the legs of the tables and chairs,
and they were lying on the floor in such a state, and it cost the poor
gentleman so much trouble to put things to rights again, and make more
chairs and another table! and when I laughed at the pranks of that wicked
beaver, for I could not help laughing, the Major pinched my ear, and
called me a mischievous puss."

Mrs. Frazer was very much entertained with the story, and she told Lady
Mary that she had heard of tame beavers doing such things before; for in
the season of the year when beavers congregate together to repair their
works and build their winter houses, those that are in confinement become
restless and unquiet, and show the instinct that moves these animals to
provide their winter retreats, and lay up their stores of food.

"Nurse," said Lady Mary, "I did not think that beavers and racoons could
be taught to eat sweet cake, and bread and meat."

"Many animals learn to eat very different food to what they are
accustomed to live upon in a wild state. The wild cat lives on raw flesh;
while the domestic cat, you know, my dear, will eat cooked meat, and even
salt meat, with bread and milk and many other things. I knew a person who
had a black kitten called 'Wildfire,' who would sip whiskey-toddy out of
his glass, and seemed to like it as well as milk or water, only it made
him too wild and frisky."

"Nurse, the racoon that the gentleman had, would drink sweet whiskey-punch;
but my governess said it was not right to give it to him; and Major
Pickford laughed, and declared the racoon must have looked very funny when
it was tipsy. Was not the Major naughty to say so?"

Mrs. Frazer said it was not quite proper.

"But, nurse, I have not told you about the racoon,--he was a funny
fellow; he was very fond of a little spaniel and her puppies, and took a
great deal of care of them; he brought them meat and anything nice that
had been given him to eat; but one day he thought he would give them a
fine treat, so he contrived to catch a poor cat by the tail, and drag her
into his den, where he and the puppies lived together. His pets of course
would not eat the cat, so the wicked creature ate up poor pussy himself;
and the gentleman was so angry with the naughty thing that he killed him
and made a cap of his skin, for he was afraid the cunning racoon would
kill his beaver and eat up his tame squirrel."

"The racoon, Lady Mary, in its natural state, has all the wildness and
cunning of the fox and weasel; he will eat flesh, poultry, and sucking
pigs, and is, also very destructive to Indian corn. These creatures abound
in the western states, and are killed in great numbers for their skins.
The Indian hunters eat the flesh, and say it is very tender and good; but
it is not used for food in Canada. The racoon belongs to the same class of
animals as the bear, which it resembles in some points, though, being
small, it is not so dangerous either to man or the larger animals.

"And now, my dear, let me show you some pretty wild flowers a little girl
brought me this morning for you, as she heard that you loved flowers.
There are yellow mocassins, or Ladies'-slippers, the same that I told you
of a little while ago; and white lilies, crane-bills, and these pretty
lilac geraniums; here are scarlet-cups, and blue lupines, they are all in
bloom now, and many others. If we were on the Rice Lake plains, my lady,
we could gather all these and many, many more. In the months of June I and
July those plains are like a garden, and their roses scent the air."

"Nurse, I will ask my dear papa to take me to the Rice Lake plains," said
the little girl, as she gazed with delight on the lovely Canadian flowers.



CHAPTER IX.

NURSE TELLS LADY MARY ABOUT A LITTLE BOY WHO WAS EATEN BY A BEAR IN THE
PROVINCE OP NEW BRUNSWICK--OF A BABY THAT WAS CARRIED AWAY, BUT TAKEN
ALIVE--A WALK IN THE GARDEN--HUMMING-BIRDS--CANADIAN BALSAMS.


"Nurse," said Lady Mary, "did you ever hear of any one having been eaten
by a wolf or bear?"

"I have heard of such things happening, my dear, in this country; but
only in lonely, unsettled parts of the country, near swamps and deep
woods."

"Did you ever hear of any little boy or girl having been carried off by a
wolf or bear?" asked the child.

"No, my lady, not in Canada, though similar accidents may have happened
there; but when I was a young girl I heard of such tragedies at New
Brunswick; one of the British provinces lying to the east of this, and a
cold and rather barren country, but containing many minerals, such as
coal, limestone, and marble, besides vast forests of pine, and small lakes
and rivers. It resembles Lower Canada in many respects; but it is not so
pleasant as the province of Upper Canada, neither is it so productive.

"Thirty years ago it was not so well cleared or cultivated as it is now,
and the woods were full of wild beasts that dwelt among the swamps and
wild rocky valleys. Bears, wolves, and catamounts abounded, with foxes of
several kinds, and many of the fine furred and smaller species of animals,
which were much sought for, on account of their skins. Well, my dear, near
the little village where my aunt and uncle were, living, there were great
tracts of unbroken swamps and forests, which of course sheltered many wild
animals. A sad accident happened a few days before we arrived, which
caused much sorrow, and no little fright, in the place.

"An old man went out into the woods one morning with his little grandson,
to look for the oxen, which had strayed from the clearing. They had not
gone many yards from the enclosure when they heard a crackling and
rustling among the underwood and dry timbers that strewed the ground. The
old man, thinking it was caused by the cattle they were looking for, bade
the little boy go forward and drive them, on the track; but in a few
minutes he heard a fearful cry from the child, and hurrying forward
through the tangled brushwood, saw the poor little boy in the deadly grasp
of a huge black bear, who was making off at a fast trot with his prey.

"The old man was unarmed, and too feeble to pursue the dreadful beast. He
could only wring his hands and rend his grey hairs in grief and terror;
but his lamentations would not restore the child to life. A band of
hunters and lumberers, armed with rifles and knives, turned out to beat
the woods, and were not long in tracking the savage animal to his retreat
in a neighbouring cedar swamp. A few fragments of the child's dress were
all that remained of him; but the villagers had the satisfaction of
killing the great she-bear with her two half-grown cubs. The magistrates
of the district gave them a large sum for shooting these creatures, and
the skins were sold, and the money given to the parents of the little boy;
but no money could console them for the loss of their beloved child.

"The flesh of the bear is eaten both by Indians and hunters; it is like
coarse beef. The hams are cured a led, the woods disappear. The axe and
the fire destroy the haunts that sheltered these wild beasts, and they
retreat further back, where the deer and other creatures on which they
principally feed abound."

"Nurse, that was a very sad story about the poor little boy," said Lady
Mary.

"I also heard of a little child," continued nurse, "not more than two years
old, who was with her mother in the harvest field; who had spread a shawl
on the ground near a tall tree, and laid the child upon it to sleep or
play, when a bear came out of the wood and carried her off, leaping the
fence with her in its arms; but the mother ran screaming after the beast,
and the reapers pursued so closely with their pitchforks and reaping-hooks,
that Bruin, who was only a half-grown bear, being hard pressed, made for a
tree; and as it was not easy to climb with a babe in his arms, he quietly
laid the little one down at the foot of the tree, and soon was among the
thick branches out of the reach of the enemy. I dare say baby must have
wondered what rough nurse had taken her up; but she was unhurt, and is
alive now."

"I am so glad, nurse, the dear baby was not hugged to death by that
horrid black bear; and I hope he was killed."

"I dare say, my lady, he was shot by some of the men; for they seldom
worked near the forest without having a gun with them, in case of seeing
deer, or pigeons, or partridges."

"I should not like to live in that country, Mrs. Frazer; for a bear, a
wolf, or a catamount might eat me."

"I never heard of a governor's daughter being eaten by a bear," said Mrs.
Frazer, laughing, as she noticed the earnest expression on the face of her
little charge. She then continued her account of the ursine family.

"The bear retires in cold weather, and sleeps till warmer seasons awaken
him; he does not lay up any store of winter provisions, because he seldom
rouses himself during the time of his long sleep, and in the spring he
finds food, both vegetable and animal, for he can eat anything when
hungry, like the hog. He often robs the wild bees of their honey, and his
hide being so very thick, seems insensible to the stings of the angry
bees. Bruin will sometimes find odd places for his winter bed, for a
farmer, who was taking a stack of wheat into his barn to be threshed in
the winter time, once found a large black bear comfortably asleep in the
middle of the sheaves."

"How could the bear have got into the stack of wheat, nurse?"

"The claws of this animal are so strong, and he makes so much use of his
paws, which are almost like hands, that he must have pulled the sheaves
out, and so made an entrance for himself. His skin and flesh amply repaid
the farmer for any injury the grain had received. I remember seeing the
bear brought home in triumph on the top of the load of wheat. Bears often
do great mischief by eating the Indian corn when it is ripening; for
besides what they devour, they spoil a vast deal by trampling the plants
down with their clumsy feet. They will, when hard pressed by hunger, come
close to the farmer's house and rob the pig-sty of its tenants. Many years
ago, before the forest was cleared away in the neighbourhood of what is now
a large town, but in those days consisted of only a few poor log-houses, a
settler was much annoyed by the frequent visits of a bear to his hog-pen.
At last he resolved to get a neighbour who was a very expert hunter to come
with his rifle and watch with him. The pen where the fatling hogs were was
close to the log-house; it had a long low shingled roof, and was carefully
fastened up, so that no bear could find entrance. Well, the farmer's son
and the hunter had watched for two nights, and no bear came; on the third
they were both tired, and lay down to sleep upon the floor of the kitchen,
when the farmer's son was awakened by a sound as of some one tearing and
stripping the shingles from the pen. He looked out; it was moonlight, and
there he saw the dark shadow of some tall figure on the ground, and spied
the great black bear standing on its hinder legs, and pulling the shingles
off as fast as it could lay its big black paws upon them. The hogs were in
a great fright, screaming and grunting with terror. The young man stepped
back into the house, roused up the hunter, who took aim from the doorway,
and shot the bear dead. The head of the huge beast was nailed up as a
trophy, and the meat was dried or salted for winter use, and great were the
rejoicings of the settlers who had suffered so much from Bruin's thefts of
corn and pork."

"I am glad the hunter killed him, nurse, for he might have eaten up some
of the little children, when they were playing about in the fields."

"Sometimes," continued Mrs. Frazer, "the bears used to visit the
sugar-bush, when the settlers were making maple sugar, and overturn the
sap-troughs, and drink the sweet liquid. I dare say they would have been
glad of a taste of the sugar too, if they could have got at it. The bear is
not so often met with now as it used to be many years ago. The fur of the
bear used to be worn as muffs and tippets, but, is now little used for that
purpose, being thought to be too coarse and heavy, but it is still made
into caps for soldiers, and worn as sleigh-robes."

This was all Mrs. Frazer chose to recollect about bears, for she was
unwilling to dwell long on any gloomy subject, which she knew was not good
for young minds, so she took her charge into the garden to look at the
flowerbeds, and watch the birds and butterflies; and soon the child was
gaily running from flower to flower, watching with childish interest the
insects flitting to and fro. At last she stopped, and holding up her finger
to warn Mrs. Frazer not to come too near, stood gazing in wonder and
admiration on a fluttering object that was hovering over the full-blown
honeysuckles on a trellis near the greenhouse. Mrs. Frazer approached her
with due caution.

"Nurse," whispered the child, "look at that curious moth with a long bill
like a bird; see its beautiful shining colours. It has a red necklace,
like mamma's rubies. Oh, what a curious creature! It must be a moth or a
butterfly. What is it?"

"It is neither a moth nor a butterfly, my dear. It is a humming-bird."

"Oh, nurse, a humming-bird--a real humming-bird--pretty creature! but it
is gone. Oh, nurse, it darts through the air as swift as an arrow. What
was it doing? Looking at the honeysuckles,--I dare say it thought them
very pretty; or was it smelling them? They are very sweet."

"My dear child, it might be doing so; I don't know. Perhaps the good God
has given to these creatures the same senses for enjoying sweet scents and
bright colours, as we have; yet it was not for the perfume, but the honey,
that this little bird came to visit the open flowers. The long slender
bill which the humming-bird inserts into the tubes of the flowers, is his
instrument for extracting the honey. Look at the pretty creature's ruby
throat, and green and gold feathers."

"How does it make that whirring noise, nurse, just like the humming of a
top?" asked the child.

"The little bird produces the sound from which he derives his name, by
beating the air with his wings. This rapid motion is necessary to sustain
its position in the air while sucking the flowers.

"I remember, Lady Mary, first seeing humming-birds when I was about your
age, while walking in the garden. It was a bright September morning, and
the rail-fences and every dry twig of the brushwood were filled with the
webs of the field-spider. Some, like thick white muslin, lay upon the
grass; while others were suspended from trees like forest lace-work, on
the threads of which the dewdrops hung like strings of shining pearls; and
hovering round the flowers were several ruby-throated humming-birds, the
whirring of whose wings as they beat the air sounded like the humming of a
spinning-wheel; and I thought as I gazed upon them, and the beautiful lace
webs that hung among the bushes, that they must have been the work of
these curious creatures, who had made them to catch flies, and had strung
the bright dewdrops thereon to entice them, so little did I know of the
nature of these birds; but my father told me a great deal about them, and
read me some very pretty things about humming-birds; and one day, Lady
Mary, I will show you a stuffed one a friend gave me, with its tiny nest
and eggs not bigger than peas."

Lady Mary was much delighted at the idea of seeing the little nest and
eggs, and Mrs. Frazer said, "There is a wild flower [Footnote: _Noli me
tangere_, Canadian Balsam.] that is known to the Canadians by the name
of the Humming-flower, on account of the fondness which those birds evince
for it. This plant grows on the moist banks of creeks. It is very
beautiful, of a bright orange-scarlet colour. The stalks and stem of the
plant are almost transparent; some call it Speckled Jewels, for the bright
blossoms are spotted with dark purple, and some, Touch-me-not."

"That is a droll name, nurse," said Lady Mary. "Does it prick one's
finger like a thistle?"

"No, my lady; but when the seed-pods are nearly ripe, if you touch them,
they spring open and curl into little rings, and the seed drops out."

"Nurse, when you see any of these curious flowers, will you show them to
me?"

Mrs. Frazer said they would soon be in bloom, and promised Lady Mary to
bring her some, and to show her the singular manner in which the pods
burst. "But, my lady," said she, "the gardener will show you the same
thing in the greenhouse. As soon as the seed-pods of the balsams in the
pots begin to harden they will spring and curl, if touched, and drop the
seeds like the wild plant, for they belong to the same family. But it is
time for your ladyship to go in."

When Lady Mary returned to the schoolroom, her governess read to her some
interesting accounts of the habits of the humming-bird.

"'This lively little feathered gem--for in its hues it unites the
brightness of the emerald, the richness of the ruby, and the lustre of the
topaz--includes in its wide range more than one hundred species. It is the
smallest, and at the same time the most brilliant, of all the American
birds. Its head-quarters may be said to be among the glowing flowers and
luxurious fruits of the torrid zone and the tropics. But one species, the
ruby-throated, is widely diffused, and is a summer visitor all over North
America, even within the Arctic Circle, where, for a brief space of time,
it revels in the ardent heat of the short-lived summer of the North. Like
the cuckoo, she follows the summer wherever she flies.

"'The ruby-throated humming-bird [Footnote: _Trochilus rubus_.] is
the only species that is known in Canada. With us it builds and breeds,
and then returns to summer skies and warmer airs. The length of the
humming-bird is only three inches and a half, and four and a quarter in
extent, from one tip of the wing to the other. When on the wing, the bird
has the form of a cross, the wings forming no curve, though the tail is
depressed during the time that it is poised in the act of sucking the
honey of the flower. The tongue is long and slender; the bill long and
straight; the legs are very short, so that the feet are hardly visible
when on the wing. They are seldom seen walking, but rest on the slender
sprigs when tired. The flight is so rapid that it seems without effort.
The humming sound is produced by the wing, in the act of keeping itself
balanced while feeding in this position. They resemble the hawk-moth,
which also keeps up a constant vibratory motion with its wings. This
little creature is of a temper as fierce and fiery as its plumes, often
attacking birds of treble its size; but it seems very little disturbed by
the near approach of the Truman species, often entering open windows, and
hovering around the flowers in the flower-stand; it has even been known to
approach the vase on the table, and insert its bill among the flowers,
quite fearless of those persons who sat in the room. Sometimes these
beautiful creatures have suffered themselves to be captured by the hand.

"'The nest of the ruby-throated hummingbird is usually built on a mossy
branch. At first sight, it looks like a tuft of grey lichens; but when
closely examined, shows both care and skill in its construction, the outer
wall being of fine bluish lichens cemented together, and the interior
lined with the silken threads of the milk-weed, the velvety down of the
tall mullein, or the brown hair-like filaments of the fern. These, or
similar soft materials, form the bed of the tiny young ones. The eggs are
white, two in number, and about the size of a pea, but oblong in shape.
The parents hatch their eggs in about ten days, and in a week the little
ones are able to fly, though the old birds continue to supply them with
honey for some time longer. The Mexican Indians give the name of Sunbeam
to the humming-bird, either in reference to its bright plumage or its love
of sunshine.

"'The young of the humming-bird does not attain its gay plumage till the
second year. The male displays the finest colours--the ruby necklace being
confined to the old male bird. The green and coppery lustre of the
feathers is also finer in the male bird.'"

Lady Mary was much pleased with what she had heard about the humming-bird,
and she liked the name of Sunbeam for this lovely creature.



CHAPTER X.

AURORA BOREALIS, OR NORTHERN LIGHTS, MOST FREQUENTLY SEEN IN NORTHERN
CLIMATES--CALLED MERRY DANCERS--ROSE TINTS--TINT-LIKE APPEARANCE--LADY
MARY FRIGHTENED.


One evening, just as Mrs. Frazer was preparing to undress Lady Mary, Miss
Campbell, her governess, came into the nursery, and taking the little girl
by the hand, led her to an open balcony, and bade her look out on the sky
towards the north, where a low dark arch, surmounted by an irregular
border, like a silver fringe, was visible. For some moments Lady Mary
stood silently regarding this singular appearance; at length she said, "It
is a rainbow, Miss Campbell; but where is the sun that you told me shone
into the drops of rain to make the pretty colours?"

"It is not a rainbow, my dear; the sun has been long set."

"Can the moon make rainbows at night?" asked the little girl. make what
is called a _lunar_ rainbow. Luna was the ancient "The moon does
sometimes, but very rarely, name for the moon; but the arch you now see
is caused neither by the light of the sun nor of the moon, but is known by
the name of Aurora Borealis, or Northern Lights. The word Aurora means
morning, or dawn; and Borealis, northern. You know, my dear, what is meant
by the word dawn; it is the light that is seen in the sky before the sun
rises."

Lady Mary replied, "Yes, Miss Campbell, I have often seen the sun rise,
and once very early too, when I was ill, and could not sleep; for nurse
lifted me in her arms out of bed, and took me to the window. The sky was
all over of a bright golden colour, with streaks of rosy red; and nurse
said, 'It is dawn; the sun will soon be up.' And I saw the beautiful sun
rise from behind the trees and hills. He came up so gloriously, larger
than when we see him in the middle of the sky, and I could look at him
without hurting my eyes."

"Sunrise is indeed a glorious sight, my dear; but He who made the sun is
more glorious still. Do you remember what we read yesterday in the
Psalms?--

  "Verse 1. The Heavens declare the glory of God: and the firmament
   sheweth his handywork.

   2. One day telleth another, and one night certifieth another.

   3. There is neither speech nor language where their voice is not
      heard.

   5. In them hath He set a tabernacle for the sun, which cometh forth
      as a bridegroom from his chamber, and rejoiceth as a giant to
      run his course."

"The Northern Lights, Lady Mary, are frequently visible in Canada, but
are most brilliant in the colder regions near the North Pole, where they
serve to give light during the dark season, to those dismal countries from
which the sun is so many months absent. The light of the Aurora Borealis
is so soft and beautiful, that any object can be distinctly seen; though
in those cold countries there are few human beings to be benefited by this
beautiful provision of nature."

"The wild beasts and birds must be glad of the pretty lights," said the
child thoughtfully; for Lady Mary's young heart always rejoiced when she
thought that God's gifts could be shared by the beasts of the field and
the fowls of the air, as well as by mankind.

"Look now, my dear," said Miss Campbell, directing the attention of her
pupil to the horizon; "what a change has taken place whilst we have been
speaking. See, the arch is sending up long shafts of light; now they
divide, and shift from side to side, gliding along among the darker
portions of vapour, like moving pillars."

"Ah! there, there they go!" cried the little girl, clapping her hands her
hands with delight. "See, nurse, how the pretty lights' chase each other,
and dance about! Up they go! higher and higher! How pretty they look! but
now they are gone. They are fading away; I am so sorry," said the child
despondingly, for a sudden cessation had taken place in the motions of the
heavens.

"We will go in for a little time, my dear," said her governess; "and then
look out again. Great changes take place sometimes in these aerial
phenomena in a few minutes."

"I suppose," said Lady Mary, "these lights are the same that the peasants
of Northern England and Ireland call the Merry Dancers."

"Yes, they are the same; and they fancy that they are seen when war and
troubles are about to break out. But this idea is a very ignorant one; for
were, that the case, some of the cold countries of the world, where the
sky is illumined night after night by the Aurora Borealis, would be one
continual scene of misery. I have seen in this country a succession of
these lights for four or five successive nights. This phenomenon owes its
origin to _electricity_, which is a very wonderful agent in nature,
and exists in various bodies, perhaps in all created things. It is this
that shoots across the sky in the form of lightning, and causes the
thunder to be heard; circulates in the air we breathe; occasions
whirlwinds, waterspouts, earthquakes, and volcanoes; and makes one
substance attract another.

"Look at this piece of amber; if I rub it on the table, it will become
warm to the touch. Now I will take a bit of thread, and hold near it. See,
the thread moves towards the amber, and clings to it. Sealing-wax, and
many other substances, when heated, have this property. Some bodies give
out flashes and sparks by being rubbed. If you stroke a black cat briskly
in the dark, you will see faint flashes of light come from her fur; and on
very cold nights in the winter season, flannels that are worn next the
skin crackle, and give sparks when taken off and shaken."

These things astonished Lady Mary. She tried the experiment with the
amber and thread, and was much amused by seeing the thread attracted, and
wanted to see the sparks from the cat's back, only there happened,
unfortunately, to be no black cat or kitten in Government House. Mrs.
Frazer, however, promised to procure a beautiful black kitten for her,
that she might enjoy the singular sight of the electric sparks from its
coat; and Lady Mary wished winter were come, that she might see the sparks
from her flannel petticoat, and hear the sounds.

"Let us now go and look out again at the sky," said Miss Campbell; and
Lady Mary skipped joyfully through the French window to the balcony, but
ran back, and flinging her arms about her nurse, cried out in accents of
alarm, "Nurse, nurse, the sky is all closing together! Oh, Miss Campbell,
what shall we do?"

"There is no cause for fear, my dear child; do not be frightened. There
is nothing to harm us."

Indeed, during the short time they had been absent, a great and
remarkable change had taken place in the appearance of the sky. The
electric fluid had diffused itself over the face of the whole heavens; the
pale colour of the streamers had changed to bright rose, pale violet, and
greenish yellow. At the zenith, or that part more immediately over head, a
vast ring of deep indigo was presented to the eye; from this swept down,
as it were, a flowing curtain of rosy light, which wavered and moved
incessantly as if agitated by a gentle breeze, though a perfect stillness
reigned through the air. The child's young heart was awed by this sublime
spectacle; it seemed to her as if it were indeed the throne of the Great
Creator of the world that she was gazing upon; and she veiled her face in
her nurse's arms, and trembled exceedingly, even as the children of Israel
when the fire of Mount Sinai was revealed, and they feared to behold the
glory of the Most High God. After a while, Lady Mary, encouraged by the
cheerful voices of her governess and nurse, ventured to look up to watch
the silver stars shining dimly as from beneath a veil, and she whispered
to herself the words that her governess had before repeated to her, "The
heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament sheweth his handywork."

After a little while, Mrs. Frazer thought it better to put Lady Mary to
bed, as she had been up much longer than usual, and Miss Campbell was
afraid lest the excitement should make her ill; but the child did not soon
fall asleep, for her thoughts were full of the strange and glorious things
she had seen that night.

[Footnote: Singularly splendid exhibitions of Aurora Borealis were visible
in the month, of August, 1839; in August, 1851; and again on the 21st
February, 1852. The colours were rosy red, varied with other prismatic
colours.

But the most singular feature was the ring-like circle from which the
broad streams of light seemed to flow down in a curtain that appeared to
reach from heaven to earth. In looking upwards, the sky had the appearance
of a tent narrowed to a small circle at the top, which seemed to be the
centre of illimitable space.

Though we listened with great attention, none of the crackling sounds
that some Northern travellers have declared to accompany the Aurora
Borealis could be heard; neither did any one experience any of the
disagreeable bodily sensations that are often felt during thunder-storms.
The atmosphere was unusually calm, and in two of the three instances warm
and agreeable.]



CHAPTER XI.

STRAWBERRIES--CANADIAN WILD FRUITS--WILD RASPBERRIES--THE HUNTER AND THE
LOST CHILD--CRANBERRIES-CRANBERRY MARSHES--NUTS.


One day Lady Mary's nurse brought her a small Indian basket, filled with
ripe red strawberries.

"Nurse, where did you get these nice strawberries?" said the little girl,
peeping beneath the fresh leaves with which they were covered. "I bought
them from a little Indian squaw, in the street; she had brought them from a
wooded meadow, some miles off, my lady. They are very fine; see, they are
as large as those that the gardener sent in yesterday from the
forcing-house, and these wild ones have grown without any pains having been
bestowed upon them."

"I did not think, nurse, that wild strawberries could have been so fine
as these; may I taste them?"

Mrs. Frazer said she might. "These are not so large, so red, or so sweet
as some that I have gathered when I lived at home with my father," said
the nurse. "I have seen acres and acres of strawberries, as large as the
early scarlet that are sold so high in the market, on the Rice Lake
plains. When the farmers have ploughed a fallow on the Rice Lake plains,
the following summer it will be covered with a crop of the finest
strawberries. I have gathered pailsful day after day; these, however, have
been partly cultivated by the plough breaking up the sod; but they seem as
if sown by the hand of nature. These fruits, and many sorts of flowers,
appear on the new soil that were never seen there before. After a fallow
has been chopped, logged, and burnt, if it be left for a few years, trees,
shrubs and plants will cover it, unlike those that grew there before."

"That is curious," said the child. "Does God sow the seeds in the new
ground?"

"My lady, no doubt they come from Him; for He openeth his hand, and
filleth all things living with plenteousness. My father, who thought a
great deal on these subjects, said that the seeds of many plants may fall
upon the earth, and yet none of them take root till the soil be favourable
for their growth. It may be that these seeds had lain for years, preserved
in the earth, till the forest was cleared away, and the sun, air, and rain
caused them to spring up. Or the earth may still bring forth the herb of
the field, after its kind, as in the day of the creation; but whether it
be so or not, we must bless the Lord for his goodness and for the
blessings that He giveth us at all times."

"Are there many sorts of wild fruits fit to eat, nurse, in this country?
Please, will you tell me all that you know about them?"

"There are so many, Lady Mary, that I am afraid I shall weary you before
I have told you half of them."

"Nurse, I shall not be tired, for I like to hear about fruits and flowers
very much; and my dear mamma likes you to tell me all you know about the
plants, trees, birds and beasts of Canada."

"Besides many sorts of strawberries, there are wild currants, both black
and red, and many kinds of wild gooseberries," said Mrs. Frazer: "some
grow on wastes by the roadside, in dry soil, others in swamps; but most
gooseberries are covered with thorns, which grow not only on the wood, but
on the berries themselves."

"I would not eat those disagreeable, thorny gooseberries; they would
prick my tongue," said the little girl.

"They cannot be eaten without first being scalded. The settlers' wives
contrive to make good pies and preserves with them by first scalding the
fruit and then rubbing it between coarse linen cloths; I have heard these
tarts called thornberry pies, which, I think, was a good name for them.
When emigrants first come to Canada, and clear the backwoods, they have
little time to make nice fruit-gardens for themselves, and they are glad
to gather the wild berries that grow in the woods and swamps to make tarts
and preserves, so that they do not even despise the thorny gooseberries or
the wild black currants. Some swamp-gooseberries, however, are quite
smooth, of a dark red colour, but small, and they are very nice when ripe.
The blossoms of the wild currants are very beautiful, of a pale yellowish
green, and hang down in long, graceful branches; the fruit is harsh, but
makes wholesome preserves: but there are thorny currants as well as thorny
gooseberries; these have long, weak, trailing branches; the berries are
small, covered with stiff bristles, and of a pale red colour. They are not
wholesome; I have seen people made very ill by eating them; I have heard
even of their dying in consequence of having done so."

"I am sure, nurse, I will not eat those wild currants," said Lady Mary;
"I am glad you have told me about their being poisonous."

"This sort is not often met with, my dear; and these berries, though they
are not good for man, doubtless give nourishment to some of the wild
creatures that seek their food from God, and we have enough dainties, and
to spare, without them.

"The red raspberry is one of the most common and the most useful to us of
the wild fruits. It grows in abundance all over the country, by the
roadside, in the half-opened woods, on upturned roots, or in old neglected
clearings; there is no place so wild but it will grow, wherever its roots
can find a crevice. With maple sugar, the farmers' wives never need lack a
tart, nor a dish of fruit and cream. The poor Irish emigrants' children go
out and gather pailsful, which they carry to the towns and villages to
sell. The birds, too, live upon the fruit, and, flying away with it to
distant places, help to sow the seed. A great many small animals eat the
ripe raspberry, for even the racoon and great black bear come in for their
share."

"The black bears! Oh, nurse, oh, Mrs. Frazer!" exclaimed Lady Mary, in
great astonishment. "What! do bears eat raspberries?"

"Yes, indeed, my lady, they do. Bears are fond of all ripe fruits. The
bear resembles the hog in all its tastes very closely; both in their
wild state will eat flesh, grain, fruit, and roots. There is a small red
berry in the woods that is known by the name of the bear-berry,
[Transcriber's Note: Lengthy footnote moved to end of chapter.] of which
they say the young bears are particularly fond."

"I should be afraid of going to gather raspberries, nurse, for fear of
the bears coming to eat them too."

"The hunters know that the bears are partial to this fruit, and often
seek them in large thickets, where they grow. A young gentleman, Lady
Mary, once went out shooting game, in the province of New Brunswick, in
the month of July, when the weather was warm, and there were plenty of
wild berries ripe. He had been out for many hours, and at last found
himself on the banks of a creek. But the bridge he had been use to cross
was gone, having been swept away by heavy rains in the spring. Passing on
a little higher up, he saw an old clearing full of bushes; and knowing
that wild animals were often to be met in such spots, he determined to
cross over and try his luck for a bear, a racoon, or a young fawn. Not far
from the spot, he saw a large fallen swamp elm-tree, which made a capital
bridge. Just as he was preparing to cross, he heard the sound of footsteps
on the dry crackling sticks, and saw a movement among the raspberry
bushes; his finger was on the lock of his rifle in an instant, for he
thought it must be a bear or a deer; but just as he was about to fire, he
saw a small, thin, brown hand, all red and stained from the juice of the
ripe berries, reaching down a branch of the fruit; his very heart leaped
within him with fright, for in another moment he would have shot the poor
little child that, with wan, wasted face, was looking at him from between
the raspberry bushes. It was a little girl, about as old as you are, Lady
Mary. She was without hat or shoes, and her clothes were all in tatters;
her hands and neck were quite brown and sun-burnt. She seemed frightened
at first, and would have hid herself, had not the stranger called out
gently to her to stay, and not to be afraid; and then he hurried over the
log bridge, and asked her who she was, and where she lived. And she said
'she did not live anywhere, for she was lost.' She could not tell how many
days, but she thought she had been seven nights out in the woods. She had
been sent to take some dinner to her father, who was at work in the
forest; but had missed the path, and gone on a cattle track, and did not
find her mistake until it was too late; when she became frightened, and
tried to get back, but only lost herself deeper in the woods. The first
night she wrapped her frock about her head, and lay down beneath the
shelter of a great upturned root. She had eaten but little of the food she
had in the basket that day, for it lasted her nearly two; after it was
gone, she chewed some leaves, till she came to the raspberry clearing, and
got berries of several kinds, and plenty of water to drink from the creek.
One night, she said, she was awakened by a heavy tramping near her, and
looking up in the moonlight, saw two great black beasts, which she thought
were her father's oxen, and so she sat up and called, 'Buck,' 'Bright,'--
for these were their names,--but they had no bells, and looked like two
great shaggy black dogs; they stood on their hind legs upright, and looked
at her, but went away. These animals were bears, but the child did not
know that, and she said she felt no fear--for she said her prayers every
night before she lay down to sleep, and she knew that God would take care
of her, both sleeping and waking." [Footnote: The facts of this story I
met with, many years ago, in a provincial paper. They afterwards appeared
in a Canadian sketch, in Chambers' Journal, contributed by me in 1838.]

"And did the hunter take her home?" asked Lady Mary, who was much
interested in the story.

"Yes, my dear, he did. Finding that the poor little girl was very weak,
the young man took her on his back,--fortunately he happened to have a
little wine in a flask, and a bit of dry biscuit in his knapsack, and this
greatly revived the little creature; sometimes she ran by his side, while
holding by his coat, talking to her new friend, seemingly quite happy and
cheerful, bidding him not to be afraid even if they had to pass another
night in the wood; but just as the sun was setting, they came out of the
dark forest into an open clearing.

"It was not the child's home, but a farm belonging to a miller who knew
her father, and had been in search of her for several days; and he and his
wife were very glad when they saw the lost child, and gladly showed her
preserver the way; and they rejoiced much when the poor little girl was
restored safe and well to her sorrowing parents."

"Nurse," said Lady Mary, "I am so glad the good hunter found the little
girl. I must tell my own dear mamma that nice story. How sorry my mamma
and papa would be to lose me in the woods."

The nurse smiled, and said, "My dear lady, there is no fear of such an
accident happening to you. You are not exposed to the same trials and
dangers as the children of poor emigrants; therefore, you must be very
grateful to God, and do all you can to serve and please Him; and when you
are able, be kind and good to those who are not as well off as you are."

"Are there any other wild fruits, nurse, besides raspberries and
strawberries, and currants and gooseberries?"

"Yes, my dear lady, a great many more. We will begin with wild plums:
these we often preserve; and when the trees are planted in gardens, and
taken care of, the fruit is very good to eat. The wild cherries are not
very nice; but the bark of the black cherry is good for agues and low
fevers. The choke-cherry is very beautiful to look at, but hurts the
throat, closing it up if many are eaten, and making it quite sore. The
huckleberry is a sweet, dark blue berry, that grows on a very delicate low
shrub, the blossoms are very pretty, pale pink or greenish white bells,
the fruit is very wholesome; it grows on light dry ground, on those parts
of the country that are called plains in Canada. The settlers' children go
out in parties, and gather great quantities, either to eat or dry for
winter use. These berries are a great blessing to every one, besides
forming abundant food for the broods of young quails and partridges;
squirrels, too, of every kind eat them. There are blackberries also, Lady
Mary; and some people call them thimbleberries."

"Nurse, I have heard mamma talk about blackberries."

"The Canadian blackberries are not so sweet, I am told, my lady, as those
at home, though they are very rich and nice tasted; neither do they grow
so high. Then there are high bush cranberries, and low bush cranberries.
The first grow on a tall bush, and the fruit has a fine appearance,
hanging in large bunches of light scarlet, among the dark green leaves;
but they are very, very sour, and take a great deal of sugar to sweeten
them. The low bush cranberries grow on a slender trailing plant; the
blossom is very pretty, and the fruit about the size of a common
gooseberry, of a dark purplish red, very smooth and shining; the seeds are
minute, and lie in the white pulp within the skin; this berry is not nice
till it is cooked with sugar. There is a large cranberry marsh somewhere
at the back of Kingston, where vast quantities grow. I heard a young
gentleman say that he passed over this tract when he was hunting, while
the snow was on the ground, and that the red juice of the dropped berries
dyed the snow crimson beneath his feet. The Indians go every year to a
small lake called Buckhorn Lake, many miles up the river Otonabee, in the
Upper Province, to gather cranberries, which they sell to the settlers in
the towns and villages, or trade away for pork, flour, and clothes. The
cranberries, when spread out on a dry floor, will keep fresh and good for
a long time. Great quantities of cranberries are brought to England from
Russia, Norway, and Lapland, in barrels, or large earthern jars, filled
with brine; but the fruit thus roughly preserved must be drained, and
washed many times, and stirred with sugar, before it can be put into
tarts, or it would be salt and bitter. I will boil some cranberries with
sugar, that you may taste them; for they are very wholesome."

Lady Mary said she should like to have some in her own garden.

"The cranberry requires a particular kind of soil, not usually found in
gardens, my dear lady; for as the cranberry marshes are often covered with
water in the spring, I suppose they need a damp, cool soil, near lakes or
rivers; perhaps sand, too, may be good for them. But we can plant some
berries, and water them well; in a light soil they may grow, and bear
fruit, but I am not sure that they will do so. Besides these fruits, there
are many others, that are little used by men, but are of great service as
food to the birds and small animals. There are many kinds of nuts, too--
filberts, with rough prickly husks, walnuts, butternuts, and hickory-nuts;
these last are large trees, the nuts of which are very nice to eat, and
the wood very fine for cabinet-work, and for firewood; the bark is used
for dyeing. Now, my dear, I think you must be quite tired with hearing so
much about Canadian fruits."

Lady Mary said she was glad to learn that there were so many good things
in Canada, for she heard a lady say to her mamma, that it was an ugly
country, with nothing good or pretty in it.

"There is something good and pretty to be found everywhere, my dear
child, if people will but open their eyes to see it, and their hearts to
enjoy the good things that God has so mercifully spread abroad for us and
all his creatures to enjoy. But Canada is really a fine country, and is
fast becoming a great one."


[Relocated Footnote: Arbutus ursursi--"Kinnikinnick," Indian name.

There is a story about a bear and an Indian hunter, which will show how
bears eat berries. It is from the Journal of Peter Jacobs, the Indian
Missionary:--

"At sunrise, next morning," he says, "we tried to land, but the water was
so full of shoals, we could not without wading a great distance.

"The beach before us was of bright sand, and the sun was about, [Footnote:
We find some curious expressions in this Journal, for Peter Jacobs is an
Indian, writing not his own, but a foreign language.] when I saw an object
moving on the shore; it appeared to be a man, and seemed to be making
signals of distress. We were all weary and hungry, but thinking it was a
fellow-creature in distress, we pulled towards him. Judge of our surprise
when the stranger proved to be an enormous bear.

"He was seated on his hams, and what we thought his signals were his
raising himself on his hind legs to pull down the berries from a high
bush, and, with his paws full sitting down again to eat them at his
leisure.

"Thus he continued daintily enjoying his ripe fruit in the posture some
lapdogs are taught to assume while eating. On we pulled, and forgot our
hunger and weariness; the bear still continued breakfasting.

"We got as close on shore as the shoals would permit, and John, (one of
the Indians,) taking my double-barrelled gun, leaped into the water, gun
in hand, and gained the beach. Some dead brushwood hid the bear from
John's sight, but from the canoe we could see both John and the bear.

"The bear now discovered us, and advanced towards us; and John, not
seeing him for the bush, ran along the beach towards him. The weariness
from pulling all night, and having eaten no food, made me lose my presence
of mind, for I now remembered that the gun was only loaded with duck-shot,
and you might as well meet a bear with a gun loaded with peas.

"John was in danger, and we strained at our paddles to get to his
assistance; but as the bear was a very large one, and as we had no other
firearms, we should have been but poor helps to John in the hug of a
wounded bear. The bear was at the other side of the brush-heap: John heard
the dry branches cracking, and he dodged into a hollow under a bush. The
bear passed, and was coursing along the sand, but as he passed by where
John lay, bang went the gun.--The bear was struck.

"We saw him leap through the smoke to the very spot where we had last seen
John. We held our breath; but instead of the cry of agony we expected to
hear from John, bang went the gun again--John is not yet caught. Our canoe
rushed through the water.--We might yet be in time; but my paddle fell from
my hand with joy as I saw John pop his head above the bush, and with a
shout point to the side of the log on which he stood, 'There he lies, dead
enough.' We were thankful indeed to our Great Preserver."--_Peter Jacob's
Journal._

Though fruit and vegetables seem to be the natural food of the bear, they
also devour flesh, and even fish,--a fact of which the good Indian
Missionary assures us; and that being new to my young readers, I shall
give them in his own words:--

"A few evenings after we left the 'Rock,' while the men were before me
'tracking,' (towing the canoe,) by pulling her along by a rope from the
shore, I observed behind a rock in the river, what I took to be a black
fox. I stole upon it as quietly as possible, hoping to get a shot, but the
animal saw me, and waded to the shore. It turned out to be a young bear
fishing. The bear is a great fisherman. His mode of fishing is very
curious. He wades into a current, and seating himself upright on his hams,
lets the water come about up to his shoulders; he patiently waits until the
little fishes come along and rub themselves against his sides, he seizes
them instantly, gives them a nip, and with his left paw tosses them over
his shoulder to the shore. His left paw is always the one used for tossing
ashore the produce of his fishing. Feeling is the sense of which Bruin
makes use here, not sight.

"The Indians of that part say that the bear catches sturgeon when spawning
in the shoal-water; but the only fish that I know of their catching, is the
sucker: of these, in the months of April and May, the bear makes his daily
breakfast and supper, devouring about thirty or forty at a meal. As soon as
he has caught a sufficient number, he wades ashore, and regales himself on
the best morsels, which are the thick of the neck, behind the gills. The
Indians often shoot him when thus engaged."--Peter Jacob's Journal, p. 46_]



CHAPTER XII.

GARTER-SNAKES--RATTLESNAKES--ANECDOTE OF A LITTLE BOY--FISHERMAN AND
SNAKE--SNAKE CHARMERS--SPIDERS--LAND-TORTOISE.


"Nurse, I have been so terrified. I was walking in the meadow, and a
great snake--so big, I am sure"--and Lady Mary held out her arms as wide
as she could--"came out of a tuft of grass. His tongue was like a scarlet
thread, and had two sharp points; and, do you know, he raised his wicked
head, and hissed at me; I was so frightened that I ran away. I think, Mrs.
Frazer, it must have been a rattlesnake. Only feel now how my heart beats"
--and the little girl took her nurse's hand, and laid it on her heart.

"What colour was the snake, my dear?" asked her nurse.

"It was green and black, chequered all over; and it was very large, and
opened its mouth very wide, and showed its red tongue. It would have
killed me if it had bitten me, would it not, nurse?"

"It would not have harmed you, my lady or even if it had bitten you, it
would not have killed you. The chequered green snake of Canada is not
poisonous. It was more afraid of you than you were of it, I make no doubt."

"Do you think it was a rattlesnake, nurse?"

"No, my dear; there are no snakes of that kind in Lower Canada, and very
few below Toronto. The winters are too cold for them, but there are plenty
in the western part of the province, where the summers are warmer, and the
winters milder. The rattlesnake is a dangerous reptile, and its bite
causes death, unless the wound be burnt or cut out. The Indians apply
different sorts of herbs to the wound. They have several plants, known by
the names of rattlesnake root, rattlesnake weed, and snake root. It is a
good thing that the rattlesnake gives warning of its approach before it
strikes the traveller with its deadly fangs. Some people think that the
rattle is a sign of fear, and that it would not wound people, if it were
not afraid they were coming near to hurt it. I will tell you a story, Lady
Mary, about a brave little boy. He went out nutting one day with another
boy about his own age; and while they were in the grove gathering nuts, a
large black snake, that was in a low tree, dropped down and suddenly
coiled itself round the throat of his companion. The child's screams were
dreadful; his eyes were starting from his head with pain and terror. The
other, regardless of the danger, opened a clasp-knife that he had in his
pocket, and seizing the snake near the head, cut it apart, and so saved
his friend's life, who was well-nigh strangled by the tight folds of the
reptile, which was one of a very venomous species, the bite of which
generally proves fatal."

"What a brave little fellow!" said Lady Mary. "You do not think it was
cruel, nurse, to kill the snake?" she added, looking up in Mrs. Frazer's
face.

"No, Lady Mary, for he did it to save a fellow-creature from a painful
death; and we are taught by God's word that the soul of man is precious in
the sight of his Creator. We should be cruel were we wantonly to inflict
pain upon the least of God's creatures; but to kill them in self-defence,
or for necessary food, is not cruel; for when God made Adam, He gave him
dominion, or power, over the beasts of the field and the fowls of the air,
and every creeping thing. It was an act of great courage and humanity in
the little boy, who perilled his own life to save that of his helpless
comrade, especially as he was not naturally a child of much courage, and
was very much afraid of snakes; but love for his friend overcame all
thought of his own personal danger. [Footnote: A fact related to me by an
old gentleman from the State of Vermont, as an instance of impulsive
feeling overcoming natural timidity.]

"The large garter-snake, that which you saw, my dear lady, is
comparatively harmless. It lives on toads and frogs, and robs the nests of
young birds, and the eggs also. Its long forked tongue enables it to catch
insects of different kinds; it will even eat fish, and for that purpose
frequents the water as well as the black snake.

"I heard a gentleman once relate a circumstance to my father that
surprised me a good deal. He was fishing one day in a river near his own
house, but, being tired, seated himself on a log or fallen tree, where his
basket of fish also stood; when a large garter-snake came up the log, and
took a small fish out of his basket, which it speedily swallowed. The
gentleman, seeing the snake so bold as not to mind his presence, took a
small rock-bass by the tail, and half in joke held it towards him, when,
to his great surprise, the snake glided towards him, took the fish out of
his hand, and sliding away with its prize to a hole beneath the log, began
by slow degrees to swallow it, stretching its mouth and the skin of its
neck to a great extent; till, after a long while, it was fairly gorged,
and then slid down its hole, leaving its neck and head only to be seen."

"I should have been so frightened, nurse, if I had been the gentleman,
when the snake came to take the fish," said Lady Mary.

"The gentleman was well aware of the nature of the reptile, and knew that
it would not bite him. I have read of snakes of the most poisonous kinds
being tamed and taught all manner of tricks. There are in India and Egypt
people that are called snake-charmers, who will contrive to extract the
fangs containing the venom from the Cobra capella, or hooded snake; which
then become quite harmless. These snakes are very fond of music, and will
come out of the leather bag or basket that their master carries them in,
and will dance or run up his arms, twining about his neck, and even
entering his mouth. They do not tell people that the poison-teeth have
been extracted, so that it is thought to be the music that keeps the snake
from biting. The snake has a power of charming birds and small animals by
fixing its eye steadily upon them, when the little creatures become
paralysed with fear, either standing quite still, or coming nearer and
nearer to their cruel enemy, till they are within his reach. The cat has
the same power, and can by this art draw birds from the tops of trees
within her reach. These little creatures seem unable to resist the
temptation of approaching her, and, even when driven away, will return
from a distance to the same spot, seeking, instead of shunning, the danger
which is certain to prove fatal to them in the end. Some writers assert
that all wild animals have this power in the eye, especially those of the
cat tribe, as the lion and tiger, leopard and panther. Before they spring
upon their prey, the eye is always steadily fixed, the back lowered, the
neck stretched out, and the tail waved from side to side; if the eye is
averted, they lose the animal, and do not make the spring."

"Are there any other kinds of snakes in Canada, nurse," asked Lady Mary,
"besides the garter-snake?"

"Yes, my lady, several; the black snake, which is the most deadly next to
the rattlesnake, is sometimes called the puff-adder, as it inflates the
skin of the head and neck when angry. The copper-bellied snake is also
poisonous. There is a small snake of a deep grass green colour sometimes
seen in the fields and open copse-woods. I do not think it is dangerous; I
never heard of its biting any one. The stare-worm is also harmless. I am
not sure whether the black snakes that live in the water are the same as
the puff or black adder. It is a great blessing, my dear, that these deadly
snakes are so rare, and do so little harm to man. Indeed, I believe they
would never harm him, were they let alone; but if trodden upon, they cannot
tell that it was by accident, and so put forth the weapons that God has
armed them with in self-defence. The Indians in the north-west, I have been
told, eat snakes, after cutting off their heads. The cat also eats snakes,
leaving the head; she will also catch and eat frogs, a thing I have
witnessed myself, and know to be true. [Footnote: I saw a half grown kitten
eat a live green frog, which she first caught and brought into the parlour,
playing with it like a mouse.] One day a snake fixed itself on a little
girl's arm and wound itself around it; the mother of the child was too much
terrified to tear the deadly creature off, but filled the air with cries.
Just then a cat came out of the house, and quick as lightning sprang upon
the snake, and fastened on its neck, which caused the reptile to uncoil its
folds, and it fell to the earth in the grasp of the cat; thus the child's
life was saved, and the snake killed. Thus you see, my dear, that God
provided a preserver for this little one when no help was nigh; perhaps the
child cried to Him for aid, and He heard her and saved her by means of the
cat."

Lady Mary was much interested in all that Mrs. Frazer had told her; she
remembered having heard some one say that the snake would swallow her own
young ones, and she asked her nurse if it was true, and if they laid eggs.

"The snake will swallow her young ones," said Mrs. Frazer. "I have seen
the garter-snake open her mouth and let the little ones run into it when
danger was nigh; the snake also lays eggs: I have seen and handled them
often; they are not covered with a hard, brittle shell, like that of a
hen, but with a sort of whitish skin, like leather; they are about the
size of a blackbird's egg, long in shape, some are rounder and larger.
They are laid in some warm place, where the heat of the sun and earth
hatches them; but though the mother does not brood over them, as a hen
does over her eggs, she seems to take great care of them, and defends them
from their many enemies by hiding them out of sight in the singular manner
I have just told you. This love of offspring, my dear child, has been
wisely given to all mothers, from the human mother down to the very lowest
of the insect tribe. The fiercest beast of prey loves its young, and
provides food and shelter for them; forgetting its savage nature to play
with and caress them. Even the spider, which is a disagreeable insect,
fierce and unloving to its fellows, displays the tenderest care for its
brood, providing a safe retreat for them in the fine silken cradle she
spins to envelope the eggs, which she leaves in some warm spot, where she
secures them from danger; some glue a leaf down, and overlap it, to ensure
it from being agitated by the winds, or discovered by birds. There is a
curious spider, commonly known as the nursing spider, who carries her sack
of eggs with her, wherever she goes; and when the young ones come out,
they cluster on her back, and so travel with her; when a little older,
they attach themselves to the old one by threads, and run after her in a
train."

Lady Mary laughed, and said she should like to see the funny little
spiders all tied to their mother, trotting along behind her.

"If you go into the meadow, my dear," said Mrs. Frazer, "you will see on
the larger stones some pretty shining little cases, quite round, looking
like grey satin."

"Nurse, I know what they are," said Lady Mary; "last year I was playing in
the green meadow, and I found a piece of granite with several of these
satin cases. I called them silk pies, for they looked like tiny mince-pies.
I tried to pick one off, but it stuck so hard that I could not; so I asked
the gardener to lend me his knife, and when I raised the crust, it had a
little rim under the top, and I slipped the knife in, and what do you think
I saw? The pie was full of tiny black shining spiders, and they ran out,
such a number of them,--more than I could count, they ran so fast. I was
sorry I opened the crust, for it was a cold, cold day, and the little
spiders must have been frozen out of their warm air-tight house."

"They are able to bear a great deal of cold, Lady Mary--all insects can;
and even when frozen hard, so that they will break if any one tries to
bend them, yet when spring comes again to warm them, they revive, and are
as full of life as ever. Caterpillars thus frozen will become butterflies
in due time. Spiders, and many other creatures, lie torpid during the
winter, and then revive in the same way as dormice, bears, and marmots do."

"Nurse, please will you tell me something about tortoises and
porcupines?" said Lady Mary.

"I cannot tell you a great deal about the tortoise, my dear," replied her
nurse. "I have seen them sometimes on the shores of the lakes, and once or
twice I have met with the small land-tortoise, in the woods on the banks of
the Otonabee river. The shell that covers these reptiles is black and
yellow, divided into squares--those which I saw were about the size of my
two hands. They are very harmless creatures, living chiefly on roots and
bitter herbs: perhaps they eat insects as well. They lie buried in the sand
during the long winters, in a torpid state: they lay a number of eggs,
about the size of a blackbird's, the shell of which is tough and soft, like
a snake's egg. The old tortoise buries these in the loose sand near the
water's edge, and leaves them to be hatched by the heat of the sun. The
little tortoise, when it comes out of the shell, is about as big as a large
spider--it is a funny-looking thing. I have heard some of the Indians say
that they dive into the water, and swim, as soon as they are hatched; but
this I am not sure of. I saw one about the size of a crown-piece that was
caught in a hole in the sand; it was very lively, and ran along the table,
making a rattling noise with its hard shell as it moved. An old one that
one of my brothers brought in he put under a large heavy box, meaning to
feed and keep it; but in the morning it was gone: it had lifted the edge of
the box and was away, nor could he find out how it had contrived to make
its escape from the room. This is all that I know about the Canadian
land-tortoise."



CHAPTER XIII.

ELLEN AND HER PET FAWNS--DOCILITY OF FAN--JACK'S DROLL TRICKS--
AFFECTIONATE WOLF--FALL FLOWERS--DEPARTURE OF LADY MARY--THE END.


One day Lady Mary came to seek her nurse in great haste, to describe to
her a fine deer that had been sent as a present to her father by one of
his Canadian friends. She said the great antlers were to be put up over
the library-door.

"Papa called me down to see the poor dead deer, nurse, and I was very
sorry it had been killed; it was such a fine creature. Major Pickford
laughed when I said so, but he promised to get me a live fawn. Nurse, what
is a fawn?"

"It is a young deer, my lady."

"Nurse, please can you tell me anything about fawns? Are they pretty
creatures, and can they be tamed; or are they fierce, wild little things?"

"They are very gentle animals; and if taken young, can be brought up by
sucking the finger like a young calf or a pet lamb. They are playful and
lively, and will follow the person who feeds them like a dog. They are
very pretty, of a pale dun or red colour, with small white spots on the
back like large hailstones; the eyes are large and soft, and black, with a
very meek expression in them; the hoofs are black and sharp: they are
clean and delicate in their habits, and easy and graceful in their
movements."

"Did you ever see a tame fawn?" asked Lady Mary.

"I have seen several, my dear. I will tell you about a fawn that belonged
to a little girl whom I knew many years ago. A hunter had shot a poor doe,
which was very wrong, and contrary to the Indian hunting law; for the
native hunter will not, unless pressed for hunger, kill the deer in the
spring of the year, when the fawns are young. The Indian wanted to find
the little one after he had shot the dam, so he sounded a decoy whistle,
to imitate the call of the doe, and the harmless thing answered it with a
bleat, thinking no doubt it was its mother calling to it. This betrayed
its hiding-place, and it was taken unhurt by the hunter, who took it home,
and gave it to my little friend Ellen to feed and take care of."

"Please, Mrs. Frazer, will you tell me what sort of trees hemlocks are?
Hemlocks in England are poisonous weeds."

"These are not weeds, but large forest trees--a species of pine. I will
show you some the next time we go out for a drive--they are very handsome
trees."

"And what are creeks, nurse."

"Creeks are small streams, such as in Scotland would be termed 'burns,'
and in England rivulets."

"Now, nurse, you may go on about the dear little fawn; I want you to tell
me all you know about it."

"Little Ellen took the poor timid thing, and laid it in an old Indian
basket near the hearth, and put some wool in it, and covered it with an old
cloak to keep it warm; and she tended it very carefully, letting it suck
her fingers dipped in warm milk, as she had seen the dairy-maid do in
weaning young calves. In a few days it began to grow strong and lively, and
would jump out of its basket, and run bleating after its foster-mother: if
it missed her from the room, it would wait at the door watching for her
return.

"When it was older, it used to run on the grass plot in the garden; but
if it heard its little mistress's step or voice in the parlour, it would
bound through the open window to her side; and her call of 'Fan, Fan,
Fan!' would bring it home from the fields near the edge of the forest; but
poor Fan got killed by a careless boy throwing some fire-wood down upon
it, as it lay asleep in the wood-shed. Ellen's grief was very great, but
all she could do was to bury it in the garden near the river-side, and
plant lilac bushes round its little green-sodded grave."

"I am so sorry, nurse, that this good little girl lost her pretty pet."

"Some time after the death of 'Fan,' Ellen had another fawn given to her.
She called this one Jack,--it was older, larger, and stronger, but was
more mischievous and frolicsome than her first pet. It would lie in front
of the fire on the hearth, like a dog, and rub its soft velvet nose
against the hand that patted it very affectionately, but gave a good deal
of trouble in the house: it would eat the carrots, potatoes, and cabbages,
while the cook was preparing them for dinner; and when the housemaid had
laid the cloth for dinner, Jack would go round the table and eat up the
bread she had laid to each plate, to the great delight of the children,
who thought it good fun to see him do so.

"Ellen put a red leather collar about Jack's neck, and some months after
this he swam across the rapid river, and went off to the wild woods, and
was shot by some hunters, a great many miles away from his old home, being
known by his fine red collar. After the sad end of her two favourites,
Ellen would have no more fawns brought in for her to tame."

Lady Mary was much interested in the account of the little girl and her
pets. "Is this all you know about fawns, nurse?"

"I once went to call on a clergyman's wife who lived in a small log-house
near a new village. The youngest child, a fat baby of two years old, was
lying on the rug before a large log-fire, fast asleep; its little head was
pillowed on the back of a tame half-grown fawn that lay stretched on its
side, enjoying the warmth of the fire, as tame and familiar as a spaniel
dog. This fawn had been brought up with the children, and they were very
fond of it, and would share their bread and milk with it at meal times;
but it got into disgrace by gnawing the bark of the young orchard-trees,
and cropping the bushes in the garden; besides, it had a trick of opening
the cupboard, and eating the bread, and drinking any milk it could find;
so the master of the house gave it away to a baker who lived in the
village; but it did not forget its old friends, and used to watch for the
children going to school, and as soon as it caught sight of them, it would
trot after them, poking its nose into the basket to get a share of their
dinner, and very often managed to get it all."

"And what became of this nice fellow, nurse?"

"Unfortunately, my lady, it was chased by some dogs, and ran away to the
woods near the town, and never came back again. Dogs will always hunt tame
fawns when they can get near them, so it seems a pity to domesticate them
only to be killed in so cruel a way. The forest is the best home for these
pretty creatures, though even there they have many enemies beside the
hunter. The bear, the wolf, and the wolverine kill them. Their only means
of defence lies in their fleetness of foot. The stag will defend himself
with his strong horns; but the doe and her little fawn have no such
weapons to guard them when attacked by beasts of prey. The wolf is one of
the greatest enemies they have."

"I hate wolves," said Lady Mary; "wolves can never be tamed, nurse."

"I have heard and read of wolves being tamed and becoming very fond of
their masters. A gentleman in Canada once brought up a wolf puppy, which
became so fond of him that when he left it to go home to England, it
refused to eat, and died of grief at his absence. Kindness will tame even
fierce beasts, who soon learn to love the hand that feeds them. Bears and
foxes have often been kept tame in this country, and eagles and owls; but
I think they cannot be so happy shut up, away from their natural
companions and habits, as if they were free to go and come at their own
will."

"I should not like to be shut up, nurse, far away from my own dear home,"
said the little girl, thoughtfully. "I think, sometimes, I ought not to
keep my dear squirrel in a cage--shall I let him go?"

"My dear, he has now been so used to the cage, and to have all his daily
wants supplied, that I am sure he would suffer from cold and hunger at
this season of the year if he were left to provide for himself, and if he
remained here the cats and weasels might kill him."

"I will keep him safe from harm, then, till the warm weather comes again;
and then, nurse, we will take him to the mountain, and let him go, if he
likes to be free, among the trees and bushes."

It was now the middle of October; the rainy season that usually comes in
the end of September and beginning of October in Canada was over. The soft
hazy season, called Indian summer, was come again; the few forest leaves
that yet lingered were ready to fall--bright and beautiful they still
looked, but Lady Mary missed the flowers.

"I do not love the fall--I see no flowers now, except those in the
greenhouse. The cold, cold winter will soon be here again," she added
sadly.

"Last year, dear lady, you said you loved the white snow, and the
sleighing, and the merry bells, and wished that winter would last all the
year round."

"Ah! yes, nurse; but I did not know how many pretty birds and flowers I
should see in the spring and the summer; and now they are all gone, and I
shall see them no more for a long time."

"There are still a few flowers, Lady Mary, to be found; look at these."

"Ah, dear nurse, where did you get them? How lovely they are!"

"Your little French maid picked them for you, on the side of the
mountain. Rosette loves the wild flowers of her native land."

"Nurse, do you know the names of these pretty starry flowers on this
little branch, that look so light and pretty?"

"These are asters; a word, your governess told me the other day, meaning
starlike; some people call these flowers Michaelmas daisies. These lovely
lilac asters grow in light dry ground; they are among the prettiest of our
fall flowers. These with the small white starry flowers crowded upon the
stalks, with the crimson and gold in the middle, are dwarf asters."

"I like these white ones, nurse; the little branches look so nicely
loaded with blossoms; see, they are quite bowed down with the weight of
all these flowers."

"These small shrubby asters grow on dry gravelly banks of lakes and
rivers."

"But here are some large dark purple ones."

"These are also asters; they are to be found on dry wastes, in stony
barren fields, by the corners of rail-fences; they form large spreading
bushes, and look very lovely, covered with their large dark purple
flowers. There is no waste so wild, my lady, but the hand of the Most High
can plant it with some blossom, and make the waste and desert place
flourish like a garden. Here are others, still brighter and larger, with
yellow disks, and sky-blue flowers; these grow by still waters, near
milldams and swampy places. Though they are larger and gayer, I do not
think they will please you so well as the small ones that I first showed
you; they do not fade so fast, and that is one good quality they have."

"They are more like the china asters in the garden, nurse, only more
upright and stiff; but here is another sweet blue flower--can you tell me
its name?"

"No, my dear, you must ask your governess."

Lady Mary carried the nosegay to Miss Campbell, who told her the blue
flower was called the Fringed Gentian, and that the gentians and asters
bloomed the latest of all the autumn flowers in Canada. Among these wild
flowers, she also showed her the large dark blue bell flowered gentian,
which was indeed the last flower of the year."

"Are there no more flowers in bloom now, nurse?" asked the child, as she
watched Mrs. Frazer arranging them for her in a flower-glass.

"I do not know of any now in bloom but the golden rods and the latest of
the ever-listings. Rosette shall go out, and try to get some of them for
you. The French children make little mats and garlands of them to ornament
their houses, and to hang on the little crosses above the graves of their
friends, because they do not fade away like other flowers."

Next day, Rosette, the little nursery-maid, brought Lady Mary an Indian
basket full of Sweet-scented everlastings. This flower had a fragrant
smell; the leaves were less downy than some of the earlier sorts, but were
covered with a resinous gum, that caused it to stick to the fingers; it
looked quite silky, from the thistledown, which, falling upon the leaves,
were gummed down to the surface.

"The country folks," said Mrs. Frazer, "call this plant Neglected
everlasting, because it grows on dry wastes by road-sides, among thistles
and fireweed; but I love it for its sweetness; it is like a true friend--
it never changes. See, my dear, how shining its straw-coloured blossoms
and buds are, just like satin flowers."

"Nurse, it shall be my own flower," said the little girl, "and I will
make a pretty garland of it, to hang over my own dear mamma's picture.
Rosette says she will show me how to tie the flowers together; she has
made me a pretty wreath for my doll's straw hat, and she means to make her
a mat and a carpet too."

The little maid promised to bring her young lady some wreaths of the
festoon pine; a low-creeping plant, with dry, green chaffy leaves, that
grows in the barren pine woods, of which the Canadians make Christmas
garlands, and also some of the winter berries, and spice berries, which
look so gay in the fall and early spring, with berries of brightest
scarlet, and shining dark green leaves, that trail over the ground on the
gravelly hills and plains.

Nurse Frazer brought Lady Mary some sweetmeats, flavored with an extract
of the spicy winter green, from the confectioner's shop; the Canadians
being very fond of the flavor of this plant. The Indians chew the leaves,
and eat the ripe mealy berries, which have something of the taste of the
bay-laurel leaves. The Indian men smoke the leaves as tobacco.

One day, while Mrs. Frazer was at work in the nursery, her little charge
came to her in a great state of agitation--her cheeks were flushed, and
her eyes were dancing with joy; she threw herself into her arms, and said,
"Oh! dear nurse, I am going home to dear old England and Scotland. Papa
and mamma are going away from Government House, and I am to return to the
old country with them; I am so glad, are not you?"

But the tears gathered in Mrs. Frazer's eyes and fell fast upon the work
she held in her hand. Lady Mary looked surprised, when she saw how her
kind nurse was weeping.

"Nurse, you are to go too; mamma says so; now you need not cry, for you
are not going to leave me."

"I cannot go with you, my dearest child," whispered her weeping
attendant, "much as I love you; for I have a dear son of my own. I have
but him, and it would break my heart to part from him;" and she softly put
aside the bright curls from Lady Mary's fair forehead, and tenderly kissed
her. "This child is all I have in the world to love me, and when his
father, my own kind husband, died, he vowed to take care of me, and
cherish me in my old age, and I promised that I would never leave him; so
I cannot go away from Canada with you, my lady, though I dearly love you."

"Then, Mrs. Frazer, I shall be sorry to leave Canada; for when I go home,
I shall have no one to talk to me about beavers, and squirrels, and
Indians, and flowers, and birds."

"Indeed, my lady, you will not want for amusement there, for England and
Scotland are finer places than Canada. Your good governess and your new
nurse will be able to tell you many things that will delight you; and you
will not quite forget your poor old nurse, I am sure, when you think about
the time you have spent in this country."

"Ah, dear good old nurse, I will not forget you," said Lady Mary,
springing into her nurse's lap, and fondly caressing her, while big bright
tears fell from her eyes.

There was so much to do, and so much to think about before the Governor's
departure, that Lady Mary had no time to hear any more stories, nor to ask
any more questions about the natural history of Canada; though, doubtless,
there were many other curious things that Mrs. Frazer could have related;
for she was a person of good education, who had seen and noticed as well
as read a great deal. She had not always been a poor woman, but had once
been a respectable farmer's wife, though her husband's death had reduced
her to a state of servitude; and she had earned money enough while in the
Governor's service to educate her son, and this was how she came to be
Lady Mary's nurse.

Lady Mary did not forget to have all her Indian curiosities packed up
with some dried plants and flower seeds, collected by her governess; but
she left the cage, with her flying squirrel, to Mrs. Frazer, to take care
of till the following spring, when she told her to take it to the
mountain, or St. Helen's Island, and let it go free, that it might be a
happy squirrel once more, and bound away among the green trees in the
Canadian woods.

When Mrs. Frazer was called in to take leave of the Governor and his
lady, after receiving a handsome salary for her care and attendance on
their little daughter, the Governor gave her a sealed parchment, which,
when she opened, was found to contain a Government deed for a fine lot of
land, in a fertile township in Upper Canada.

It was with many tears and blessings that Mrs. Frazer took leave of the
good Governor's family; and, above all, of her beloved charge, Lady Mary.



THE END.





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