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Title: The Mysteryes of Nature and Art - Conteined in foure severall Tretises, The first of water - workes, The second of Fyer workes, The third of Drawing, - Colouring, Painting, and Engraving, The fourth of divers - Experiments, as wel serviceable as delightful: partly - Collected, and partly of the Authors Peculiar Practice, - and Invention
Author: Bate, John
Language: English
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*** Start of this LibraryBlog Digital Book "The Mysteryes of Nature and Art - Conteined in foure severall Tretises, The first of water - workes, The second of Fyer workes, The third of Drawing, - Colouring, Painting, and Engraving, The fourth of divers - Experiments, as wel serviceable as delightful: partly - Collected, and partly of the Authors Peculiar Practice, - and Invention" ***
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THE
MYSTERYES OF
NATVRE AND ART
THE
MYSTERYES OF
NATVRE AND ART:
_Conteined in foure
severall Tretises, The first of _water_
workes, The second of _Fyer_ workes,
The third of _Drawing_, Colouring,
_Painting_, and Engrauing, The
fourth of divers Experiments, as wel
serviceable as delightful: partly
Collected, and partly of the Authors
Peculiar Practice, and
Invention_
_by_
_I . B_
_Imprinted at London for Ralph Mab and are to be sold by John Jackson
and Francis Church at the Kings armes in Cheapeside 1634._
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Illustration]
_TO THE READER._
Courteous Reader, this ensuing Treatise hath lien by mee a long time,
penned, but in a confused and undigested manner, as I gathered it,
practised, or found it out by industry and experience. It was not in my
minde to have as yet exposed it to the publique view: but being
sollicited by the intreaties of some, and those not a few, to impart to
each particular person what his _Genius_ most affected; I was enforced
as well for the satisfying of their requests, as for the avoydance of
many inconveniences, to dispose in some order such Experiments as for
the present I was content to impart. Expect no elegancy of phrase, for
my time would not afford that, (nor indeed my selfe to be the
transcriber.) I endeavored as much as I could, to write in plaine
termes, that in regard of the easinesse thereof it might suit with the
meanest capacity. The whole book consisteth of foure parts: The first
whereof treateth of Water-workes. The second of Fire-workes. The third
of Drawing, Painting, Graving, and Etching. The fourth and last part
treateth of severall Experiments, as well serviceable as delightfull:
which because they are confusedly intermixed, I have entituled them
_Extravagants_.
Now my chiefest ayme and end being the generall good, I could wish a
generall acceptance, but that is too uncertaine to expect: I will
content my selfe that I am already certaine that these my first and
weak endeavours will finde acceptance with some, and I hope also with
all honest and indifferent Readers; as for others, hap as hap may be,
it is not to be doubted, but that I shall scape as well as many my
betters have done before me. Farewell.
_Your Wellwiller_,
_I. B._
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Illustration]
To my friend the Authour, upon his Mysteries
of Nature and Art.
_When I scan over with a busy eye
The timely fruits of thy vast industry,
Observing how thou searchest out the heart
Of Knowledge, through th' untrodden pathes of Art,
How easily thy active minde discries
Natures obscure and hidden rarities,
No greater wonder than thy selfe I finde,
The chiefest rarity's thy active minde,
Which so fore-runs thy age. Thy forward spring
Buds forth betimes, and thou art publishing
Ev'n in the morning of thy day, so soone,
What others are to learne till th' afternoone.
Now since thy first attempts expos'd thou hast
To publick censure, and the Dy is cast,
Doubt not of good successe: the early rose
(Thou knowst) is snatcht at, ev'n before it blowes.
Climbe higher yet; let thy quick-sighted eyes
Venture againe for new discoveries:
Nor be thou mizer-like, so envious,
As to detaine what ere thou find'st, from us;
No, make the world thy debtor; be thou still
As open-handed to impart thy skill,
As now thou art; and may thy teeming braine
Bring often forth such lusty Births againe._
R. O.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Illustration]
_Of Water-works._
It hath been an old saying amongst Philosophers, and experience doth
prove it to be true, _Non datur vacuum_, that is to say, Nature will
not admit of any vacuity, or emptinesse. For some one or other of the
Elements, but especially Ayre, and Water doe insert themselves into all
manner of concavities, or hollownesses, in, or upon the earth, whether
they are such as are formed either by Art or Nature. For the one it is
so obvious, and manifest, as that it needs not any proofe at all. As
for the other, I shall make it manifest unto you by easie
demonstration. Let there be gotten a large vessell of glasse, or other,
having besides the mouth another hole (though but a little one) at the
top: poure water into the vessell by a tunnell thrust into the mouth of
it, and you shall finde that as the water runneth into the vessell, a
winde will come forth of the little hole, sufficient to blow out a
candle being held over it. This proveth, that before the water was
poured into the vessell (though to our sight it appeared to bee empty)
it was full of ayre, which forced out of the vessell as the water ran
in; and the reason hereof is, because the water is by nature of a
massie, subtill, substance; and the ayre of a windy, light, evaporative
nature: The knowledge of this, with the rarifaction of inclosed ayre,
is the ground and foundation of divers excellent experiments not
unworthy the knowledge of any ingenious Artist whatsoever.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Illustration]
The order of the things contayned in
the first booke.
_Experiments of drawing water by the Crane._
_Experiments of drawing water by Engins._
_Experiments of forcing water by ayre compressed._
_Experiments of forcing water by Engins._
_Experiments of producing sounds by ayre and water._
_Experiments of producing sounds by evaporation of water by fire._
_Experiments of producing sounds by Engins._
_Experiments of motions by evaporating water._
_Experiments of motions by rarifying ayre._
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Illustration]
Of Water-workes.
_To draw water by a Crane._
Take any vessell, of what bignes you please, fill it with water, then
take a Crane (that is a crooked hollow Cane) one end wherof, let be
somewhat longer then the other; put the shorter end of it into the
vessell of water, and let the longer end hang out of the vessell, unto
which longer end, put your mouth, and draw in your breath, and the
water will follow; then withdraw your mouth, and you shall see the
water runne so long, till it come equall to that end of the Cane which
is within the vessell.
[Illustration]
_Another._
Take a deep vessel, having two loopes on one of the sides, fill it nigh
full with water: then take a hollow Cane, like unto the aforesayd, but
let there bee fastned unto the shorter end a wooden dish; put the
longer end heereof through the loopes on the side, and that end that
hath the dish fastned unto it into the vessell of water, with your
mouth as you did in the former, draw out the ayre, and you shall see
that as the water runneth out, the Crane will sinke lower and lower,
and so will continue running untill the vessell bee drawen empty.
[Illustration]
_How to make a conceited pot, which being filled with
water, will of it selfe run all out; but not being
filled will not run out._
Make, or cause a pot to bee made of what fashion best liketh your mind,
and make a large hollow cane to stand up in the midst thereof; having
at the bottome 2 or 3 small holes; let the top of this cane be close:
then make a hole in the bottome of the vessell, and put up a little
cane hollow at both ends, into the other cane, so that the one end
therof may almost touch the top of the great cane, and it is done.
Note, that if you put into this vessel so much liquor, that it swimme
above the top of the cane, it will of its owne accord, run and never
cease so long as there is any liquor in the vessell; but if you fill it
below the cane, it will not run at all of it selfe: the reason whereof
is this; the ayre being the lighter element, doth ascend into the
higher place, but being drawne as in the two first demonstrations out
of the Crane, or forced, as in this, by the weight of the water in the
vessell, the water then tendeth downewards unto its proper place.
[Illustration]
_How to dispose 2 vessels upon one foot, that so much
wine may runne out of the one, as you shall put
water into the other._
Let A, B, C, D, be the foot, at each end whereof, place a vessell
equall in bignesse, the one to the other; as D, E; also let there passe
a hollow cane from the one to the other, as A, R, A, the ends whereof
must almost touch the tops of the sayde vessels; in the vessell D,
there must bee a hollow pipe, as F, whereby you may by help of a tunnel
powr water into the vessell: also in the vessell E, there must be a
crane, as G; now if you fill the vessel E with wine almost unto the top
of the crane, and afterwards stoppe the mouth of the vessell, that the
ayre may not breath foorth, it will not run of it selfe: but if you put
water into the vessell D, the ayre contayned in it, will passe through
the hollow pipe, A, R, A, into the vessel E, where striving for a
greater quantity of roome, it presseth the wine out of the vessell E,
(by the crane) answerable in quantity unto the water powred into the
vessell D.
[Illustration]
_How to dispose 2 vessels upon one foot, the one being
empty, and the other almost full of wine, and yet shall
not runne out of the vessell, unlesse you fill the
empty vessel with water, and then the
one shall run pure wine, the other
fayre water._
Let there bee 2 vessels placed upon one foot, having a hollow cane
passing from one to the other (as I taught in the precedent probleme)
but let there bee 2 cranes as F, G, one in each vessell; then fill one
of the vessels with wine, but not above the crane, so it will not runne
of it selfe: but if you powre water into the other vessell, untill it
bee full, it will cause that wine shall runne out of the one, and
cleare water out of the other.
[Illustration]
_To make that the water conteined in one vessell, shal
ascend into another vessell placed above it._
Let A, B, C, D, bee a vessell having a partition in the middle, as E,
F, let there be placed upon this vessell, a Cylinder of Glasse cleare,
and very transparant, that will contayne the same quantity of water,
that one of the partitions will, as I, G, H; in the lowermost partition
towards the bottome, let there bee a cocke, and out of the same vessell
let two pipes be made to passe, the one wherof reacheth almost unto the
top of the Cylinder, the other must come out by the side of the
Cylinder: also out of the upper partition there must come another pipe.
Moreover there must be a hole, through the top of the uppermost
partition as Y. Fill the lower partition at the pipe, also the upper
partition by the hole Y: note then that if you turn the cocke as the
water runneth out of the lower partition, the water contained in the
upper partition wil ascend throgh the pipe into the glasse Cylinder.
When all the water in the lower partition is runne out at the cocke,
then the water which before did ascend into the Cylinder, will fall
backe againe into the upper partition: after this manner may you
compose an artificiall water clocke, if you note the howres upon the
Cylinder, and make the cocke after such manner, as that the water may
issue out but by droppes.
[Illustration]
_To make a cup or vessell that so oft as you take the
liquor out of it, so oft it shall fill it selfe,
but never runne over._
Svppose A to bee a vessell full of water, having a pipe comming from
the bottome, and rising up into a cup of the just height that the
vessell is of; over the vessell fild with water, let there be placed
another vessel, as E. From this vessell must come a pipe, and reach
with in the other vessell. Now ouer this vessell there hangeth, as it
were, the beame of a scale; at the one ende whereof, is fastened a
peece of boord, hauing a leather nayled upon the top; at the other end
of this beame must hang a weight, but not full so heauie as the peece
of boord lethered is. Fill both these vessells with water, and the cup
also; note then, that if you sucke out the water in the cup by the pipe
on the side of it, the water in the vessell will come into it, untill
it is in both of equall height: now as the water falleth downe in A,
the peece of boord that is hanged unto one end of the beame falleth
after it (because it is heauier then the weight) and so giueth way unto
the water in E, which runneth into it; and when the vessell is filled
againe with water, it beareth up the sayd peece of boord against the
pipe of the vessell E, so that the water can run out thereat no longer,
except the water bee againe drawne out of the cup.
[Illustration]
_Of drawing water by Engines._
Before I begin with these, take a word or two by the way. Let it bee a
generall notion that no engine for water workes of what sort soeuer,
whether for seruice, or meere pleasure, can be made without the help of
Succurs, Forcers, or Clackes; euery of which, I haue orderly explayned
both by words and demonstratiue figures.
[Illustration]
A Succur is a box, which is made of brasse (hauing no bottome) in the
middest of which, there is a small bar goeth crosse, the same hauing a
hole in the middle of it; this box hath a lid so exactly fitted unto
it, that being put into it, no ayre nor water can passe betweene the
creuise: this couer hath a little button on the top, and a seame that
goeth into the box, and so through the hole of the aforesayd crosse
barre, and afterwards it hath a little button riueted on it, so that it
may with ease flip up and downe, but not be taken, or flip quite out.
[Illustration]
A Forcer is a plug of wood exactly turned and leathered about; the end
that goeth into the barrell, is semicircularly concaue.
[Illustration]
A Clacke is a peece of Leather nayled ouer any hole, hauing a peece of
lead to make it lie close, so that the ayre or water in any vessell may
thereby bee kept from going out.
_How to harden Leather, so as the same shall last much
longer in succurs of Pumps, then it doth
unprepared._
Lay such Leather as is well tanned to soake in water, wherein there
hath beene store of iron filings a long time, or else in the water that
hath lien a long time under a grindstone, into the which such yron as
hath beene from time to time ground away, hath fallen and there setled.
_The making of a Pumpe to draw water._
Svppose A B C were a deepe Wel, wherein you would make a Pumpe to draw
water to the surface or superficies of the earth. First therefore you
must prouide a pipe of Lead, or a peece of timber bored through, so
long as will reach unto the bottome of the Well: that part that
standeth in the water must bee cut with two or three arches, as it
were, if it be wood; if Leade, it must haue somewhat to beare it a
little from the bottome, that the water may thereby bee let into the
pipe. Towards the bottome of the pipe in the water there must bee
fastned a succur; also another of these succurs must be fastned about
two foot aboue the top of the ground; then haue a bucket fitted unto
the hole of the wood or leaden pipe; let it bee well leathered about,
and haue a clacke at the bottome of it, and let it bee hanged with a
sweepe as the figure sheweth: note that after you haue filled the
distance betweene the lower succur, and the bucket with water, that if
you lift up the sweepe, it will thrust downe the bucket upon the water,
and presse it, the water being pressed upon by the bucket, beareth up
the clacke, and comes into the bucket; then if you pull downe the
sweepe, the clacke shutteth, and so the water remaynes in the bucket,
which being drawen upward, there being nothing to follow but water,
both the succurs open, and there commeth into the pump so much water as
the buckets drew out.
[Illustration]
_The making of an Engin, whereby you may draw water
out of a deepe Well, or mount any River water,
to be conveyed to any place within three or foure
miles of the same. Also it is used in great
ships which I have seene._
Svppose A B C D to be a deepe Well, and E F to be a strong peece of
timber fastned athwart the same, a good way in the water. In this
planke let there bee fastened a peece of timber with a strong wheele in
it, as G H, hauing strong yron spikes droue athwart the wheele within
the creuise, and strongly riueted on each side: let them be three or
foure inches distant from each other. Let there bee likewise made in
the sayde planke two holes, in which set two hollow posts, that may
reach to the top of the Well, or so much higher as you desire to mount
the water; let them bee made fast that they stirre not. In the bottom
of one of these posts, there must be fastned a barrell of brasse, as G
H, made very smooth within, and betwixt those two posts at the top; let
there bee fastned unto them both another peece of strong timber to hold
them fast, lest they start asunder; and in the midst of that make a
mortice, and in it fasten a strong peece of timber with a wheele like
to the former mentioned; the pin whereof ought to bee made fast unto
the wheele, and haue a crooked handle to turne about, that by turning
of it, you may turne the wheele also. Then prouide a strong yron chayne
of length sufficient, hauing on euery third or fourth linke a peece of
horne, that will easily goe through the brasse barrell, and a leather
of each side of it, but somewhat broader then the horne; put this
chayne under the lower wheele in the Well upon both the hollow posts,
draw it ouer the upper wheele, and linke it fast and straight. Turn
then the handle round, and it will turne the chayne round, whose
leathers comming up the brasse barrell, will beare the water before
them; this goeth very strongly, and therefore had neede bee made with
wheeles and wrought upon by horses, for so the water is wrought up at
Broken Wharfe in London.
[Illustration]
_To make an Engin, which being placed in water will
cast the same with violence on high._
Let there be prepared a strong table, with a sweepe fastened at the one
end thereof, to lift up and downe; unto the end of the sweepe, let
there be linked a peece of yron hauing two rods of length sufficient;
let there bee made a hole quite through the midst of this table, whose
diameter let be about fiue or six inches; then prouide two peeces of
brasse in forme of hattes, but let the brim of the uppermost be but
about one inch broad, and haue diuers little holes round about it; also
in the crown of this must bee placed a large succur, and ouer it a half
globe, from the top of which, must proceed a hollow trunke aboute a
yard long, and of a good wide bore; then take good liquored leather, 2
or 3 times double, & put betweene the board and the brims of this, and
with diuers little screws put through the holes of the brimme, screw it
fast unto the top of the table. Note that the table must bee leathered
also underneath the compasse of the brimme of the lower brasse. Now the
lowermost brasse must be of equal diameter (in hollownesse) unto the
other, but it must be more spirall towards the bottome, and must haue
eyther a large clacke or succur fastned in it; also the brim of this
must be larger then that of the uppermost, and haue two holes made
about the midst on each side one; bore then 2 holes in the table, on
each side of the brasse one, answerable unto the holes of the brim of
the lower brasse, throgh which holes put the two rods, of the yron
hanged unto the sweepe through them, and riuet them strongly into the
holes of the lower brasse. Place this in water, and by mouing the
sweepe up and downe, it will with greater violence cast the water on
high.
[Illustration]
_Experiments of forcing water by ayer
compressed._
Let there bee a large pot or vessell, hauing at the side a peece of
wood made hollow, hauing a clacke of leather with a peece of lead upon
it, within the vessell also let there be a pipe through the top of the
vessell, reaching almost to the botom of it: at the top of which let
there be a round hollow ball, and on it a small cocke of brasse. Note
that if you fill the said vessell halfe-full of water, and blow into
the hole of the pipe, at the side, your breath will lift up the clack,
and enter the vessell, but when it is in, it will presse down the
clack: blow into it oftentimes, so shall there bee a great deale of
ayre in the vessell, which will presse so hard upon the water, that if
you turne the cock at the top, the water in the vessell will spin out a
good while.
[Illustration]
_Another._
Let A, B, C, D, be a great vessell, having a partition in the middle:
let there bee a large tunnell at the top of it, E, F, whose neck must
go into the bottom almost of the lower vessell: let there be a hollow
pipe also coming out of the partition, and almost touch the top of the
upper vessell. In the top of the upper vessell let there bee another
pipe, reaching from the bottom of the upper vessell, and extending it
selfe out of the vessell a good way: let the top of it hang ouer the
tunnell. In the top of the upper vessell let there be a hole besides,
to be stopped with cork, or otherwise: when you will use it, open the
cork-hole, and fill the upper vessel with water: then stop it close
againe, and poure water into the tunnell, and you shall see that the
water in the upper vessell will run out of the pipe into the tunnell
againe and so will continue running untill all the water in the upper
vessell be run out. The reason thereof is this; the water in the
tunnell pressing the ayre in the lower vessell, maketh it ascend the
pipe in the partition, and presse the water in the upper vessell, which
having no other way but the pipe, it runneth out thereat.
[Illustration]
_The forcing of water by pressure, that is the naturall
course of water in regard of its heavinesse
and thinnesse, artificially contrived to
break out of what image
you please._
Let A, B, C, D, bee a cestern placed upon a curious frame for the
purpose, let the bottom of this frame be made likewise in the form of a
cestern: Through the pillers of this frame let there passe hollow pipes
from the bottom of the upper cestern, and descend to the bottom of the
lower cestern, and then run all to the middle thereof, and joyne in
one, and turne up into the hollow body of a beast, bird, fish, or what
your fancy most affecteth: let the hole of the image whereat the water
must break out, be very small, for so it will run the longer. Fill the
upper cestern with water, and by reason of the weight thereof it will
passe through the pipes, and spin out of the hole of the image.
_Experiments of forcing water by Engins._
Let there bee an even streight barrell of brasse of what length and
bignesse you please: let the bottom of it be open, and let the top be
closed, but so that it be hollow on the outside like a basin: in the
midst whereof let there bee a straight pipe erected, open at both ends,
also let there be another short pipe at the side of it, which let bee
even with the top of the basin on the outside, but stand a little from
it on the side. Having thus prepared the barrell, fit a good thick
board unto it, so that it may slip easily up and down from the top of
the barrell unto the bottom, nayle a lether about the edges of it, and
another upon the top of it: on the underside of it let there be fastned
a good stiffe, but flexible spring of steele, which may thrust the
board from the bottom to the top of the barrell: let the foot of this
spring rest upon a barre fastned acros the bottom of the barrell; let
this board also have tied at the middle a little rope of length
sufficient. When you use it, bore a little hole in the table that you
set it on, to put the rope thorow, and pull the rope down, which will
contract the spring, and with it draw down the board: then poure in
water at the basin untill the vessell be full: Note then, as you let
slack the rope, the water will spirt out of the pipe, in the middle,
and as you pull it straight, the water will run into the vessell
againe. You may make birds, or divers images at the top of the pipe,
out of which the water may break.
[Illustration]
_Another manner of forcing water, whereby the water
of any spring may be forced unto
the top of a hill._
Let there be two hollow posts, with a succur at the bottom of each,
also a succur nigh the top of each: let there be fastned unto both
these posts a strong peece of timber, having, as it were, a beame or
scale pinned in it, and having two handles, at each end one. In the
tops of both these hollow posts fasten two brasse barrels, made very
even and smooth within, unto these two barrels let there be fitted two
forcers, lethered according to art, at the tops of these forcers must
be fastned two yrons, which must bee linked unto the aforesaid beam;
from each post below towards the end of the barrels, let there bee two
leaden pipes, which afterward meet in one, to conduct the water up to
the place desired, which if it bee very high, there will be need of
some succurs to catch the water as it cometh.
[Illustration]
_The description of an Engin to force water up to a
high place: very usefull for to quench
fire amongst buildings._
Let there be a brasse barrell provided, having two succurs in the
bottom of it: let it also have a good large pipe going up one side of
it with a succur nigh unto the top of it, and above the succur a hollow
round ball, having a pipe at the top of it made to screw another pipe
upon it, to direct the water to any place. Then fit a forcer unto the
barrell with a handle fastned unto the top; at the upper end of this
forcer drive a strong screw, and at the lower end a screw nut, at the
bottom of the barrell fasten a screw, and at the barre that goeth
crosse the top of the barrell, let there be another screw nut: put them
all in order, and fasten the whole to a good strong frame, that it may
stand steddy, and it is done. When you use it, either place it in the
water, or over a kennell, and drive the water up to it, and by moving
the handle to and fro, it will cast the water with mighty force up to
any place you direct it.
[Illustration]
_Experiments of producing sounds by
ayer and water._
Let there bee had in a readinesse a pot made after the forme of the
figure following, having a little hole at the top, in the which fasten
a reed or pipe, also another little hole at the bottom: presse this pot
into a bucket of water, and it will make a loud noyse.
[Illustration]
_Another._
Let there be a cestern of lead or such like, having a tunnell on the
top: let it bee placed under the fall of a Conduit, and at the one end
of the top, let there come out of the vessell a small pipe, which let
bee bent into a cup of water, and there will be heard a strange voice.
Over this pipe you may make an artificiall tree with diuers birds made
to sit therein.
[Illustration]
_How to make that a bird sitting on a basis, shall
make a noise, and drink out of a cup of water,
being held to the mouth of it._
Provide a cestern, having a tunnell at the one end of the top, and a
little cane coming out of the other end of the vessell; on the top of
which let there be a bird made to sit, also at the bottom of the
cestern, let there bee a crane to carry away the water as it runneth
into the vessell. Place this vessell with its tunnell under the fall of
a conduit of water, and the bird will sing; and if you hold a cup of
water under his bill, hee will drink and make a noise.
[Illustration]
_A device whereby severall voyces of birds
cherping may be heard._
Prepare a cestern having divers partitions, one above another; let them
all have cranes in the bottoms to carry the water from one to another;
also let each cestern have his severall pipe, all of them coming out at
the top of the cestern, on whose tops let birds bee artificially made,
with reeds in them: also in the top of the upper cestern let there bee
a tunnell. Place it under the fall of a conduit of water, and you shall
heare so many severall voyces as there are birds.
[Illustration]
_A device whereby the figure of a man standing on
a basis shall be made to sound a trumpet._
Prepare a cestern having within on the lid fastned a concave
hemisphere, in whose bottom let there bee made one or two holes: let
there also be a hole in the top of the sayd cestern, whereby it may bee
filled with water as occasion serveth. Also let there bee made to stand
on the top of this cestern the image of a man holding unto his mouth a
trumpet: this image must likewise have a slender pipe coming out of the
cestern unto the trumpet, in this pipe or cane there must be a cock,
nigh unto the cestern. Also there must come out of the concave
hemisphere at the side of the cestern, a little short pipe, having a
clack on it within the vessell. Fill the cestern about two thirds full
of water, and then cork it up fast, blow then into the vessell at the
pipe on the side divers times, and the ayer will force the water out of
the hemisphere, and make it rise up on the sides of it; turne then the
cock, and the weight of the water will force the ayer out of the pipe,
and so cause the trumpet to sound.
[Illustration]
_Hercules shooting at a Dragon, who as soone as
he hath shot, hisseth at him._
Let there be a cestern having a partition in the midst, in the
partition let there bee a deep succur, having a small rope fastned unto
the top of it: let the one end of the rope come out of the upper lid of
the cestern, and bee fastned unto a ball, the other part thereof let it
be put under a pulley (fastned in the partition) and let it be carried
also out of the upper cestern, and be fastned unto the arme of the
image, which must bee made to slip to and againe, and to take hold of
the string of a steele bow that is held in the other hand. At the other
end of the cestern let there bee made an artificiall image of a Dragon,
through whose body must come a small pipe with a reed artificially
fastned in the upper part thereof. Note then, that when you put up the
ball, the image will draw his bow, and when you let it fall, the Dragon
will hisse.
[Illustration]
_Experiments of producing sounds by evaporation
of water by ayer._
Prepare a round vessell of brasse, or latin, having a crooked pipe or
neck, whereto fasten a pipe: put this vessell upon a trevet over the
fire, and it will make a shrill whistling noyse.
[Illustration]
_To make two images sacrificing, and a
Dragon hissing._
Prepare a cestern having an altar of brasse or tin upon it, let there
be in the cestern a hollow pipe turning up out of the cestern at each
end; also in the middle within the altar, also on the side of the altar
into the body of a dragon artificially made, with a reed in the mouth
of it. Let there bee two boxes at the tops of the pipes, on the ends of
the cestern, having two crooked pipes or cranes comming out of them.
Fill the boxes with water when you occupy it, also put fire upon the
altar, and the dragon will hisse, and the water in the two boxes being
wrought upon by the heat of the fire comming thorow the pipes, will
drop into the fire. These two boxes ought to be inclosed in the bodies
of two images, and the two short cranes comming out of them in her
armes and hands.
[Illustration]
_Experiments of producing sounds by Engins._
Prepare a vessell after the forme of the figure marked with the letters
A, B, C, D, place it upon a frame, as F, G, H; this vessell must have a
hole in the bottom, with a pipe fastned in it, as Q, to convay the
water conteyned in it into a vessell or tub set under it, marked with
the letters R, S, T, also a frame must bee fastned at the top of it, as
G, H, L, having so many bels with little beaters or hammers to them
(artificially hanged) as are requisit to expresse your desired tune.
Lastly provide a sollid peece of timber, whose lower part must bee
fitted unto the aforesayd vessell, so that it may easily slip up and
down, and so high as that its foot resting upon the bottom of the
vessell, the upper part thereof may stand somewhat above all the bels.
Note likewise that that part of this wood aboue its bottom or foot must
be cut away about three quarters of an inch. Vpon this wood thus fitted
must bee fastned severall pins equall unto each bell, from the top unto
the foot thereof, so disposed that they may orderly presse down the
inward ends of the hammers of each bell, according as the tune goeth:
when you use it, fill the cestern almost with water, and put the fitted
peece of timber into it, and as the water runneth out at the bottom, it
will play upon the bels: note that it were very requisit to haue a cock
fastned to the pipe on the bottom of the vessell, that therewith you
might at your pleasure stay the water. The like engines might be made
to play upon wyer strings disposed upon a concavous water, to make the
musick resound, but because this description giueth light enough for
the framing of diuers other, I thought good here to omit them.
[Illustration]
_Experiments of motions by rarifying
water with fire._
Let there be an altar having a pipe comming out of it, and entring the
body of a hollow ball, let there come out of the same ball a crane,
whose lower end make to hang ouer a bucket fastned to a rope, and
hanging ouer a pulley, of which rope the other end must bee wound about
two spindles, hauing two doores fastned unto them, and at the end of
the same rope let there bee a waight fastned. So the fire on the altar
will cause the water to distill out of the ball into the bucket, which
when by reason of the water it is become heuier then the weight, it
will draw it up, and so open the said gates or little doores.
[Illustration]
_Experiments of motions by rarifying
ayre by fire._
Let there be a round vessell of glasse, or horn, and on the top of it a
vessell of brasse, and in the midst a hollow pipe spreading it selfe
into foure seuerall branches at the bottom: the ends of two of the
branches must turn up, the ends also of two must turn down; upon these
foure branches fasten a light cord, with seuerall images set upon it.
Rarifie the ayre then by laying a red-hot iron upon the top of the
brasse or tin vessell, and it will turn the wheele about, so that you
would think the images to bee living creatures.
[Illustration]
_Another way._
First prepare a round peece of wood, hauing a brasse box in the midst,
such as they make to hang the mariners compasse with, but a good deale
bigger, round about this peece of wood fasten divers shreds of thin
lattin, standing obliquely or ascew, as the figure doth represent;
round about these fasten a coffin of thin pastbord, cut into seuerall
formes of fishes, birds, beasts, or what you please. Prepare a lantern
with oyled parchment, sufficient to conteine it, in the midst of whose
bottom must bee erected a spindle with a narrow point, to hang the
pastbord cut into formes upon: upon each side let there be a socket for
to set a candle in, also let there bee made a doore in the bottom to
put the candles in at, and after to be shut, and it is done. If you set
two candles in the sockets, the heat of them will turne the whole
pastbord of formes round.
[Illustration]
* * * * *
Amongst all the experiments pneumaticall, there is none more excellent
than this of the Weather-glasse: wherefore I haue laboured to describe
the making thereof as plainly as it possibly might be.
_What the Weather-glasse is._
A Weather-glasse is a structure of, at the least, two glasses,
sometimes of three, foure, or more, as occasion serueth, inclosing a
quantity of water, and a portion of ayre proportionable, by whose
condensation or rarifaction the included water is subject unto a
continuall motion, either upward or downward; by which motion of the
water is commonly foreshewn the state, change, and alteration of the
weather. For I speak no more than what mine experience hath made me
bold to affirme; you may (the time of the yeere, and the following
obseruations understandingly considered) bee able certainly to foretell
the alteration or uncertainty of the weather a good many houres before
it come to passe.
_Of the severall sorts and fashions of
Weather-glasses._
There are diuers seuerall fashions of Weather-glasses, but principally
two.
1 The Circular glasse.
2 The Perpendicular glasse: The Perpendiculars are either single,
double, or treble.
The single Perpendiculars are of two sorts, either fixt or moueable.
The fixt are of contrary qualities; either such whose included water
doth moue upward with cold, and downward with heat, or else upward with
heat, and downward with cold.
In the double and treble Perpendiculars, as the water ascendeth in one,
it descendeth as much or more in the other.
In the moueable Perpendicular the glasse being artificially hanged,
moueth up and down with the water.
_How to make the water._
I must confesse, that any water that is not subiect unto putrifaction,
or freezing, would serue the turne, but Art hath taught to make such a
water as may bee both an ornament to the work, and also delectable to
the eye.
Take two ounces of vardigrease in powder, and infuse it so long in a
pint of white wine vineger, untill it hath a very green colour, then
poure out the vineger gently from the vardigrease: take also a pint and
a halfe of purifide May-dew, and put therein 6 ounces of Roman vitreoll
in grosse powder, let it stand till the vitreoll bee throughly
dissolved; then mix this with the former water, and strain them through
a cap paper, and put it into a cleane glasse well stopped, and its
ready for use.
_Another._
Take a gallon of rayn water that hath setled, infuse therein a day and
a night 4 pound of quick lyme; stir it about with a cleane stick
oftentimes in the day; in the morning poure the cleere water off from
the lyme, into a brasse pan, and adde thereto 3 pound of sal armoniack;
let it stand fiue or six houres, afterwards stir it about untill it be
of a perfect blew colour, then straine it through a browne paper rowled
within a tunnell, and reserue it for your use. This water is not so
good for use as the former.
_How to make the Circular glasse._
First you must prepare two glasses, the fashion whereof let be like
unto the figures marked with the letters A, B, and C, D. The glasse C,
D, is open at both the ends, also in the middle there is a neck comming
up of sufficient widenesse to receiue the shank end of the glasse
marked with the letters A, B. Then fill the glasse C, D, a third part,
with either of the waters, and diuide the glasse into so many equall
parts as you would haue degrees; rarifie the ayre in the head of the
glasse A, B, by holding it to the fire, which being yet warme, reuerse
the shank of it into the neck of the glasse C, D. Note that if the
water do not ascend high enough, you must take the glasse A, B, out
againe, and heat it hotter; if it ascend too high, heat it not so hot.
If it be in the dog-dayes, and extreme heat of summer, 1 and 2 are good
degrees; if the weather be most temperate, then 3 and 4 are best; if a
frost, 9 or 10. When you haue hit an indifferent degree, lute the
joynts very close, and fasten a ribben unto the top of the glasse to
hang it by. In this glasse the water will with cold ascend the glasse
A, B, with heat it will descend the glasse A, B, and ascend the hornes
of the glasse C, D.
[Illustration]
_How to make the single perpendicular glasse,
whose water ascendeth with cold, and
descendeth with heat._
Prepare two glasses after the fashion of these figures underset, F, G,
I, I. Alwayes chuse those upper glasses that haue the least heads, else
they will draw the water too fast, and presse it too low: also let not
the shank of the glasse bee too wide: it is no matter to bee curious in
chusing the lower glasse. Hauing prouided both these glasses, make a
frame for them about one inch longer than the shank of the glasse F, G,
hauing a hole at the top to put the same thorow. There ought to be a
great deale of care had in making the frame so, that the foot thereof
may bee of a greater compasse than the top, to the end that it may
stand firm, and not be subject to be turned down, which will distemper
the whole work. After you have provided the frame, proceed to the
making of it after this manner. Put both the glasses into the frame,
and then divide the shank of the glasse F, G, into so many equall parts
as you would haue it haue degrees; write figures upon paper, and paste
them on (with gum tragagant dissolued in faire water;) then fill the
bottom glasse 2 thirds with the water, and rarifie the ayre in the
glasse F, G, so often untill you haue hit such a degree as is most
fitting for the temper of the weather, put in a little crooked hollow
cane for the ayre to passe in and out at, but let it not touch the
water: then stop it about the joynts of the glasse with good cement,
that nothing may come out. Make an artificiall rock about it, with
peeces of cork dipt in glew, and rowled in this following powder, and
it is done.
[Illustration]
_The powder for the rock._
Take mother of Pearle 2 pound, small red Corall di. pound, Antimony
crude 4 ounces, and make a grosse powder of them.
_To make the single perpendicular glasse, ascending
with heat, and descending with cold._
Prepare two glasses after the fashion of the figure A, B, and C, D: let
the glasse A, B, haue a small pinhole at or about the top of all, and
let the glasse C, D, haue besides the hole at the top, another hole at
the bottom with a short pipe. Prouide such a frame for this as you did
before for the other; then put the glasses into it, fasten the bottom
glasse to the bottom of the frame, hauing a hole at the bottom, thorow
which the pipe of the glasse C, D, may passe, fit a cork unto it: then
lute the two glasses together, so that no ayre may passe between the
joyning; divide then the shank into so many degrees as you please, and
figure it as before I taught you, then with the heat of a candle,
rarifie the ayre in the glasse C, D, and fill it a third part full of
water, and then put the cork fast in. Note that if the first heating of
the glasse rayse not the water unto your content, you must repeat it
over and over, untill it doe: when it is sufficient, then stop the cork
in very firm, that no water may come out, and it is made.
[Illustration]
_How to make the double perpendicular glasse._
Prepare two glasses like unto the figure marked with the letters A, B,
the one of them must have a small hole in or about the head thereof.
Prepare likewise for the bottom a vessell of the fashion of the figure
G, H, having two mouthes, at each end one, also a cocke in the middle,
as K: divide then the shank of the glasse without the hole in the top,
into equall parts, and set figures upon it: next lute them both fast
into the necks of the bottom vessell. (But first remember to put them
in a frame:) when the cement is dry turn the cock of the bottom
vessell, and rarify the ayre in the glasse that hath no hole at the
top; then set the bottom vessell a little way into a vessell filled
with water, and it will suck up the water as it cooleth, when the
bottom vessell is full, also the water mounted in that top glasse
without a vent, up to a fitting degree; (the temper of the weather
regarded) then depresse (but gently) the glasses into the vessell of
water, untill the water be come up into the glasse with the vent at the
top sufficiently, that is, so that in both the glasses may bee
contained so much water as will fill the shank of one, and about 2 or 3
degrees of the other; then turne the cock, and take away the vessell of
water from under them, let them down, and fasten the bottom vessell
unto the bottom of the frame, and make a rock about it, or else what
other works you please, that the art may not be discerned. Lastly, set
figures upon both, but first upon that without the vent, beginning from
the bottom, and proceeding upwards, then lay your hand upon the head of
it, which will depresse the water, which when it commeth equall to the
degrees, paste the same degree on the place of the water in the other
glasse with the vent, and it is done.
[Illustration]
_How to make the treble perpendicular glasse._
After the same manner is the treble glasse made: but whereas in the
double glasse there was but one glasse that had a vent at the top,
there is two in this, both whose shanks must contain the iust quantity
of water that the glasse without the vent will containe. If you do well
obserue the form of the subsequent figure, you cannot goe amisse.
[Illustration]
_How to make the moveable perpendicular
glasse._
First prepare the glasse A, B, fill it almost top-full of water,
provide also the glasse K, L, having a loop at the top of it: divide it
into so many equall parts as you would haue degrees, and on the mouth
thereof fasten a thin board, that will easily slip in and out of the
bottom glasse, make then a waight of lead or brasse somewhat heavier
than both the glasse and board fastned thereto; and then tie a little
rope to the loop of the glasse A, B, and the waight at the other end
thereof. Rarify the ayre contained in the glasse L, and reverse it into
the glasse A, B, filled with water, and hang the plummet over two
little pulleys fastned in a frame made for the purpose, and as the
glasse K, L, cooleth, the water will ascend the same, and so by the
change of the outward both the glasse and water will move accordingly.
[Illustration]
_Of the use of all the severall sorts of
Weather-glasses._
Albeit the formes of Weather-glasses are divers, according to the fancy
of the Artist, yet the use of all is one and the same: to wit, to
demonstrate the state, and temper of the season, whether hot or cold;
as also to foreshew the change and alteration thereof.
1 Note therefore, that the nature and property of the water in all the
glasses that have no vent holes at the top, is, to ascend with cold,
and descend with heat. But in them that have vents, it descendeth as
much as it ascendeth in these.
2 The sudden falling of the water is an evident token of rayne.
3 The continuance of the water at any one degree, is a certaine token
that the weather will continue at that stay it is then at, whether it
be fayre, or foule, frost or snow. But when the water either riseth or
falleth, the weather will then presently change.
4 The uncertaine motion of the water is a signe of fickle weather.
The single perpendicular with a vent, moveth upwards with cold, and
downwards with heat, and is quite contrary in quality to the former,
only that it moveth uncertainly in fickle and uncertaine weather, and
keepeth a constant place in stayed weather.
These rules are all certaine and true: now you may according to your
owne observation frame other rules, whereby you may foretell the change
of the weather the water being at any one degree whatsoeuer.
_A Water-clock, or a Glasse shewing the
houre of the day._
Let there be provided a deepe vessell of earth, or any thing else, that
will hold water, as A, B, C, D, provide also a glasse made after the
fashion of the figure marked with the letters E, F, G. It must bee open
at the bottom, and haue also a small hole at the top, thorow which if
you can but put the point of a needle, it is sufficient. This glasse
must not bee so long as the vessell is deepe, by about two inches. Then
take a iust measure of the length of the glasse E, F, G, and set it on
the inside of the vessell A, B, C, D, from the bottom towards the top,
and then make a rase round about the vessell; there must bee fitted
unto this earthen vessell, a pipe reaching from the top of the outside
thereof, (where there must bee a cock unto it) and going to the bottom,
where it entreth the same, and againe extendeth it selfe almost unto
the circle or mark rased on the vessell A, B, C, D. Fill then the
vessell with fayre water up to the rase, or circle, and turne the cock,
and put the glasse into the water, and you shall see that the glasse by
reason of its heavinesse, will tend toward the bottom of the vessell,
but very slowly, by reason that the ayre contained therein hath so
small a vent: turne an houre-glasse, and at the end of each houre make
a mark upon the glasse equall with the water, and it is done. When the
glasse is quite sunke to the bottom of the water, turn the cock, and
with one blast of your mouth at the pipe, it will ascend againe.
[Illustration]
_Another fashioned one._
Prepare a vessell, as A, B, C, D, having a very small cock unto it,
whose passage ought to bee so small, as that the water might issue out
but by drops. Prepare likewise a vessell, as E, F, G, H, having at one
end of it a piller of a foot and a halfe, or two foot high: let there
be fitted unto this vessell a board, so that it may freely without
stay, slip up and down: towards one side of this board, there must be a
good big hole, which must bee placed under the cock of the other
vessell. Then fasten unto the top of this board, the image of Time or
Death, and pointing with a dart upon the piller aforesaid: turn then an
houre glasse, and at the end of every houre make a figure on the place
of the piller that the image with his dart pointeth at, and it is made.
For note, the dropping of the water out of the cock thorow the hole of
the board whereon the image standeth, causeth the same to ascend by
little and little. Mark the figures.
[Illustration]
_Another artificiall Water-clock, which may bee set
conveniently in a double Weather-glasse._
First prepare a cestern, as A, B, C, D, partition in the middle, let
there bee made two pipes, the one whereof must reach out of the upper
cestern, and descend almost to the bottom of the lowest cestern, as I,
K; the other must be a short one, and haue a very small hole, that the
water may thereby issue out of the upper cestern but by drops; also at
the side nigh the bottom of the upper cestern, let a small pipe enter.
To the upper cestern fit a board, (with a peece of lead nayled upon it
to make it somewhat heavy) so that it may easily slip up and downe in
it; this board must haue a loop to fasten a rope unto, and you must so
poyse the said board, that it being hung up by a line, may hang even,
and levell. Then prepare a box to put ouer the cestern, which ought to
stand about six inches aboue the cestern. In the top of this box let
there be fastned a long pulley with a creuice to put a small rope ouer,
in this creuice it were fitting to fasten small pins, to the end that
the rope might turn the sayd wheele as the water faleth from under the
board: let the spindle of this pulley come out at one side of the box
whereon there is a Dyall drawn, contayning so many houres as you would
haue it go for; unto this end of the spindle let there bee fitted a
needle, or director, to shew the houre, then put a small cord ouer the
pulley in the box, fasten one end thereof to the loop of the board, and
at the other end let there bee tied a waight not quite so heauy as the
board, then fill the upper cestern with water, and the board will
presse it out into the lower vessell, at the pipe O, drop by drop, and
as the board sinketh lower, it will by meanes of the rope upon the
pulley, turne the index fastned unto the spindle of the pulley about
the dyall; you may set it by an houre-glasse or Watch: when it is quite
downe, if you doe with your mouth blow into the pipe at the side of the
cestern, the water will all mount up againe into the upper cestern.
[Illustration]
_A wheele which being turned about, it casteth
water out at the spindle._
Let A, B, be a tub hauing in the bottom a brasse barrell, with a hole
open quite through one side of it: let D, E, F, be a wheele, whose
spindle must bee also hollow, and haue a hole through one side of it,
so that being put into the hollow barrell, both the holes may be equall
together. Note then, that so long as these holes are equall together,
the water will run out at the spindle of the tub, but if you turne the
wheele to another side, it will not run.
[Illustration]
_A water-presser, or the mounting of water
by compression._
Let there bee prouided a barrell of brasse, of what length and
widenesse you please, let it bee exactly smooth within, and very tight
at bottom; unto this barrell fit a plug of wood leathered about, and
let there bee made diuers small holes quite through it, wherein fasten
diuers formes and shapes of birds, beasts, or fishes, hauing very small
pin-holes through them, for the water to spin out at: you shall do well
to make this plug very heavy, either by pouring molten lead into
certaine holes made for the purpose, or else by fastning some waight
unto the top: fill the barrell with water, and put the plug into it,
which lying so heavy upon the water, it will make it spin out at the
pin-holes of the images placed thereupon.
[Illustration]
_How to compose a great or little peece of
Water-worke._
First prepare a table, whereupon erect a strong frame, and round about
the frame make a moat with a leaden cestern to be filled with water;
let the leaden moat somewhat undermine as it were the frame, which
ought to be built in three stories, one aboue another, and euery one
lesser than another. Within the middle story fasten a very strong Iack
that goeth with a waight, or a strong spring, the ending of whose
spindles ought to be crooked, thus Z, whereby diuers sweeps for pumps
may bee moued to and againe, whose pumps must go down into the moat,
and haue small succurs unto them, and convayances towards their tops,
whereat the water may be mounted into diuers cesterns, out of some
wherof there may be made convayances in their bottoms, by small pipes
running down into the riuer or moat again, and there breaking out in
the fashions and formes of Dragons, Swans, Whales, Flowers, and such
like pretty conceits: out of others the water may fall upon wheeles,
out of whose spindles, the water turning round, may bee made to run. In
the uppermost story of all, let there bee made the forcer by ayre, as I
taught before, or else a presser, hauing at the top, Neptune riding on
a Whale, out of whose nostrils, as also out of Neptunes Trident, the
water may be made to spin through small pin-holes; you may also make
diuers motions about this work, but for that the multitude of figures
would rather confound than instruct the Reader, I haue of purpose
omitted them.
[Illustration]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE
SECOND BOOKE,
Teaching most plainly, and withall
most exactly, the composing of all
manner of Fire-works for Triumph
and Recreation.
By _I.B._
[Illustration]
_LONDON_,
Printed by _Thomas Harper_ for _Ralph Mab_. 1634.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Illustration]
To the Reader.
_Courteous Reader, there hath a desistance been occasioned since the
inception of this work, by reason of the occurrence of certaine
Authours, that contrary unto my knowledge had laboured so fully herein;
but after consideration had (that for the most part they were but
translations) I thought it might bee no lesse lawfull and commendable
for mee than for others, to communicate unto such as are yet desirous
of further information, that wherein I haue bestowed both cost and
paines. Notwithstanding, I haue so used the matter, as that I might not
derogate from the estimation had of others to increase mine owne. Read
it throughly, iudge indifferently, and if thou likest it, practise
considerately. If thou art ignorant herein, I am sure it will instruct
thee, and though well experienced (which perhaps thou art) I make no
question, but that thou mayst finde somewhat which thou hast not heard
of before; So farewell._
Your Welwiller
_I.B._
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Illustration]
Of Fire-workes.
I haue euer found (in conference with diuers desirous of instruction in
any Art or Science whatsoeuer) that the summe and chiefest end of all
hath been, to know the reasons and causes of those things they were
desirous to be informed in. Wherefore I thought good, before I came to
the matter it selfe, to set down some few Præcognita or Principles (as
I may so call them) whereby such as are ingenious, upon occasion, may
informe themselues, if they stand in doubt of the cause of any thing
that is heereafter taught.
_Certayne Præcognita or Principles wherein are contayned
the causes and reasons of that which is
taught in this Booke._
1 The foure Elements, Fire, Ayre, Earth, and Water, are the _prima
principia_ (I meane the materialls) whereof euery sublunary body is
composed, and into the which it is at last dissolued.
2 Euery thing finding a dissolution of those _naturæ catenæ_, that is,
meanes whereby their _principia_ are connected, and ioyned together,
their lighter parts ascend upward, and these that are more grosse and
heauy, doe the contrary.
3 It is impossible for one and the selfe same body to possesse at one
time two places; It followeth therefore, that a dense body rarified,
and made thin, eyther by actuall or potentiall fire, requireth a
greater quantity of room to be conteyned in, then it did before. Hence
it is, that if you lay your hand upon a glasse, hauing a straight mouth
reuerst into a dish of water, it rarifieth the ayre contayned therein,
and makes it breake out thorough the water in bubbles. Also, that
gunpowder inclosed in the barrell of a gun, being rarified by fire,
applied unto the touch-hole, it seeketh a greater quantity of roome,
and therefore forceth the bullet out of the barrell. This is called
violent motion.
4 According unto the strength and quantity of a dense body rarified,
and according unto the forme and length of its inclosure, it forceth
its compresser further or neerer at hand.
Thus much shall suffice to haue spoken concerning the _Præcognita_: Now
I will passe _ad majora, & ad magis necessaria_: to wit, those
necessary Instruments, and seuerall sorts of Ingredients, that ought to
be had in readines.
As for the instruments they are these; Morters and Pestles, Serces,
also seuerall sorts of Formers, Paper, Parchment, Canuas, Whipcord,
strong binding thread, Glew, Rosin, Pitch, with diuers vessells meet to
contayne and mingle your compositions in. The ingredients likewise are
chiefly these, Saltpeter, Rochpeter, Sulpher, Charcoale, good
Gunpowder, Filings of steele, oyle of Peter, and Spirit of wine.
_Instructions for chusing your ingredients._
Saltpeter is very good, if that being layd upon a board, and fire put
to, it rise with a flamed ventosous exhalation, raysing no scum, nor
leauing no pearle, but onely a blacke specke burnt into the boord.
The best brimstone, is quick brimstone, or liue sulphur, and that sort
is best that breaketh whitest; if this cannot be gotten, take of the
whitest yellow brimstone.
The best Coales for use are the sallow, willow, hazel and beech; onely
see they be well burnt. Euery of these ingredients must be powdred
finely and searsed.
All kindes of gunpowder are made of these ingredients imposed, or
incorporated with vineger, or aquauitæ, and afterward grayned by art.
The Saltpeter is the Soul, the Sulphur the Life, and the Coales the
Body of it. The best sort of powder may be distinguished from others,
by these signes:
1 If it be bright and incline to a blewish colour.
2 If in the handling it proue not moyst but auoydeth quickely.
3 If being fired, it flash quickly, and leaue no dregs nor setlings
behinde it.
_A device to try the strength of divers sorts
of Gunpowder._
[Illustration]
If so be you haue at any time diuers sorts of Gunpowder, and it is your
desire to know which of them is the strongest, then you must prepare a
box, as A, B, being foure inches high, and about two inches wide,
hauing a lid ioynted unto it. The box ought to be made of iron, brasse,
or copper, and to bee fastned unto a good thick plank, and to haue a
touch-hole at the bottom, as O, and that end of the box where the hinge
of the lid is, there must stand up from the box a peece of iron or
brasse, in length answerable unto the lid of the box: this peece of
iron must haue a hole quite through it, towards the top, and a spring,
as, A, G, must bee screwed or riueted, so that the one end may couer
the sayd hole. On the top of all this iron, or brasse that standeth up
from the box, there must bee ioynted a peece of iron (made as you see
in the figure) the hinder part of which is bent downward, and entreth
the hole that the spring couereth; the other part resteth upon the lid
of the box. Open this box lid, and put in a quantity of powder, and
then shut the lid down, and put fire to the touch hole at the bottom,
and the powder in the box being fired, will blow the box lid up the
notches more or lesse, according as the strength of the powder is: so
by firing the same quantity of diuers kindes of powders at seuerall
times, you may know which is the strongest. Now perhaps it will bee
expected that I should speak of the making of Saltpeter, Gunpowder,
Coales, with the refining of Sulphur: but because they are so commonly
to bee had, and to bee bought at better rates than I know they can bee
made by any that intend it for their priuate use, I haue forborne it:
There are diuers I am sure that would willingly bee in action: I haue
thought fitting therefore to set downe the collection of naturall
Saltpeter, which is a kinde of white excrescence growing upon
stone-wals, and (as I haue seene great store) in the arches of
stone-bridges. First therefore gather this white excrescence, and adde
unto it Quick-lyme, and Ashes, mingle them, and put them into a
halfe-tub that hath a hole to draw the liquor out at; then put into
this halfe-tub warm water, and let it stand untill all the peter be
dissolued; let it then drain out at the hole by little and little, and
if the liquor be not cleere, double a brown paper, and put it within a
tunnell, and straine the liquor through it. Then boyle it and scum it
untill it bee ready to congeale, neither too hard, nor yet too tender:
then take it from the fire, and put it into shallow vessels, either of
earth or brasse; set them in a cold place two or three dayes, and it
will shoot into isicles, and this is called Rochpeter. Thus much for
the ingredients. Now I am come unto the Formers, the number whereof I
cannot certainly determine, because it dependeth upon the variety of
each particular persons inuention. Now that I may formally proceed, I
will first make some distinction of each kinde in generall; and then I
will speak of euery particular contained in each generall. Fire-works
are of 3 sorts.
1 Such as operate in the ayre, as Rockets, Serpents, Raining fire,
Stars, Petards, Dragons, Fire-drakes, Feinds, Gyronels, or
Fire-wheeles, Balloons.
2 Such as operate upon the earth, as Crackers, Trunks, Lanterns,
Lights, Tumbling bals, Saucissons, Towers, Castles, Pyramids, Clubs,
Lances, Targets.
3 Such as burn in or on the water, as Rockets, Dolphins, Ships,
Tumbling bals.
Part of either of the three kindes are simple, and part are compounded;
part also are fixed, and part moueable. First I will treat of the
diuers compositions, and then of the Formers, Coffins, and manner of
composing euery of them.
_Of the divers compositions of fire workes._
First of the compositions of fire workes, for the ayre; and therein
first I will speake of the compositions for rockets, because that all
moueable fireworkes haue their motion from the force of them
accordingly applied.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
_Compositions for Rockets of all sizes according unto
the prescription of the noted Professors,
Mr _Malthus_, Mr _Norton_, and the
French Authour, _Des recreationes
Mathematiques_._
_A Composition for Rockets of one ounce._
Take of gunpowder, saltpeter and charcoale, of each one ounce and a
halfe, mingle them together, and it is done. Note heere, as I told you
before, that all your ingredients ought to be first powdred by
themselues, and afterwards mixed very well together.
_A Composition for Rockets of two and three
ounces._
Take of gunpowder fowre ounces and a halfe, saltpeter one ounce, mixe
them together.
_A Composition for Rockets of foure ounces._
Take of gunpowder fowre pounds, saltpeter one pound, charcoale fowre
ounces, mingle them together.
_A Composition for Rockets of fowre ounces._
Take of gunpowder fowre poundes, saltpeter one pound, charcoale fowre
ounces, brimstone halfe an ounce, mingle them together.
_A Composition for all middle sized Rockets._
Take of gunpowder one pound, two ounces of charcoales; mingle them.
_A Composition for Rockets of five or six ounces._
Take of gunpowder two pound fiue ounces, of saltpeter halfe a pound, of
charcoale six ounces, of brimstone and yron scales, of each two ounces,
mingle them.
_A Composition for Rockets of ten or twelve ounces._
Take of gunpowder one pound and one ounce, saltpeter fowre ounces,
brimstone three ounces and a halfe, charcoale one ounce, mingle them.
_A Composition for Rockets of one pound,
or two._
Take of saltpeter twelue ounces, gunpowder twenty ounces, and charcoale
three ounces, quicke brimstone and scales of yron, of each one ounce,
mingle them.
_A Composition for Rockets of eight, nine and
tenne pounds._
Take saltpeter eight pounds, charcoale two pounds twelue ounces,
brimstone one pound fowre ounces. Note that no practitioner (how exact
soeuer) ought to relie upon a receipt, but first to trie one rocket,
and if that be too weake adde more gunpowder, if it be too strong let
him adde more charcoale untill hee finde them flie according unto his
desire. Note that the charcoale is only to mitigate the violence of the
powder, and to make the tayle of the rocket appeare more beautifull.
Note also that the smaller the rockets be, they need the quicker
receipts, and that in great rockets, there needeth not any gunpowder at
all.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
_The Composition for middle sized Rockets may serve
for Serpents, and for rayning fire, or else the receipt
for Rockets on the ground, which
followeth heereafter._
_Compositions for Starres._
Take saltpeter one pound, brimstone halfe a pound, gunpowder fowre
ounces, this must be bound up in paper or little ragges, and afterwards
primed.
_Another receipt for Starres._
Take of saltpeter one pound, gunpowder and brimston of each halfe a
pound; these must be mixed together, and of them make a paste, with a
sufficient quantity of oile of peter, or else of fayre water; of this
paste you shall make little balles, and roll them in drie gunpowder
dust; then drie them, and keepe them for your occasions.
_Another._
Take a quarter of a pinte of _aqua vitæ_, and dissolue therein one
ounce, and a halfe of camphire, and dip therin cotten bumbast, and
afterwards roule it up into little balles; afterwards rowle them in
powder of quick brimstone, and reserue them for use.
_Another receipt for Starres, whereof you may make
fiends and divers apparitions according unto
your fancie._
Take gum dragant, put it into an yron pan, and rost it in the embers;
then powder it, and dissolve it afterwards in _aqua vitæ_, and it will
become a jellie, then straine it; dissolve also camphire in other _aqua
vitæ_. Mixe both these dissolutions together, and sprinkle therein this
following powder.
Take saltpeter one pound, brimstone halfe a pound, gunpowder three
pound, charcoale halfe a pound; when you have mingled and stirred them
well together, mixe them well with the aforesayd jelly, and then make
it into little balles, or into what fashion else you please, then cool
them in gunpowder dust, and keepe them for use.
_Compositions for receipts of fireworkes, that
operate upon the earth._
For Rockets there needeth onely gunpowder finely beaten and searced.
Likewise for all the other sorts, searced gunpowder will serue, which
may be abated, or alayed with charcoal dust at your pleasure.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Compositions for fireworkes that burne upon,
or in the water.
_A Receipt for Rockets that burne upon the water._
Take of saltpeter one pound, brimstone halfe a pound, gunpowder halfe a
pound, charcoales two ounces. This composition will make the Rockets
appeare with a great fiery tayle. If you desire to have it burne
cleare, then take of saltpeter one pound, three ounces of gunnepowder,
brimstone halfe a pound.
_A Receipt of a composition that will burne, and feed
upon the water._
Take masticke halfe a pound, white Frankincense, gum sandrake,
quickelime, brimstone, bitumen, camphire, and gunpowder, of each one
pound and a halfe, rosin one pound, saltpeter fowre pounds and a halfe,
mixe them all together.
_A Receipt of a composition that will burne
under water._
Take brimstone one pound, gunpowder nine ounces, refined saltpeter one
pound and a halfe, camphire beaten with Sulphur, and Quicksilver; mixe
them well together with oyle of peter, or linseed oyle boyled, untill
it will scald a feather. Fill a canvas ball with this composition, arme
it, and ballast it with lead at the bottome, make the vent at the top,
fire it well and cast it into the water, and it will fume and boyle up
slowly.
_A Receipt of a Composition that will kindle with
the water._
Take of oyle of Tile one pound, Linseed oyle three pounds, oyle of the
yelks of egges one pound, new quick lime eight pounds, brimstone two
pounds, camphire fowr ounces, bitumen two ounces; mingle all together.
_Another._
Take of Roch peter one pound, flowre of brimstone nine ounces, coales
of rotten wood six ounces, camphire one ounce and a halfe, oyle of
egges, and oyle of Tile enough to make the mixture into a paste.
Or take callamita one pound, sal niter and asphaltum, of each fowre
ounces, quicke brimstone three ounces, liquid varnish sixe ounces; make
them all into a paste. Put eyther of these compositions into a pot
wherein is quick lime, so that the lime come round about the past; then
lute it fast, binde it close with wires, and set it in a limekiln a
whole baking time, and it will become a stone that any moysture will
kindle.
[Illustration]
_Another._
If you make a little hole in the top of an egge, and let out all the
meat, and fill the shell with the following powder, and stop the hole
with wax, and cast it into a running water, it will break out into a
fire.
Take of salt-niter, brimstone, and quick-lyme, of each a like quantity,
mix them.
[Illustration]
_How to make stouple, or prepare cotten-week to
prime your fire-works with._
Take cotten-week, such as the Chandlers use for candles, double it six
or seuen times double, and wet it throughly in saltpeter water, or aqua
vitæ, wherein some camphire hath been dissolued, or, for want of
either, in faire water; cut it into diuers peeces, rowle it in mealed
gunpowder, or powder and sulphur; then dry them in the Sun, and reserue
them in a box where they may lie straight, to prime Starres, Rockets,
or any other fire-works.
_How to know the true time, that any quantity of fired
Gun-match that shall doe an exployt at
a time desired._
Take common gun-match, rub, or beat the same a little against a post to
soften it; then either dip the same in salt peter water, and drie it
againe in the Sunne, or else rub it in a little powder and brimstone
beaten very small, and made liquid with a little _aqua vitæ_, and dried
afterwards; trie first how long one yard of match thus prepared will
burne, which suppose to be a quarter of an howr, then fowre yards will
be a iust howre. Take therefore as much of this match as will burne so
long as you will haue it to be ere your worke should fire, binde the
one end unto your worke, lay loose powder under, and about it lay the
rest of the match in hollow, or turning so that one part of it touch
not another, and then fire it.
_A Water called_ Aqua Ardens.
Take old red wine, put it into a glased vessell, and put into it of
orpment one pound, quicke sulphur halfe a pound, quicke lime a quarter
of a pound; mingle them very well, and afterwards distill them in a
rosewater still: a cloth being wet in this water will burne like a
candle, and will not be quenched with water.
The Formers are instruments wherewith the coffins for the fireworkes
are made and formed, whereof in order; and first for Rockets that
operate in the ayre. The Formers for Rockets consist of two parts,
represented by the two next figures following, the uppermost whereof
representeth the body of the Former, which must bee made of Maple,
Walnut tree, or of other close & well seasoned wood, seven inches,
wanting halfe a quarter in length, turned equally, and exactly hollow
quite through, the diameter of whose hollownesse, represented by the
line at the top marked at each end with a, e, must bee one inch and a
quarter; the breech of the former is represented by the lowest figure,
the upper part wherof, must be made to enter the body of the Former;
the height of the whole breech, beside the broach is 3 inches and a
halfe; it entreth the body of the Former, one inch and three quarters;
the top of it must be made like a halfe nutmeg, in the midst whereof
(as Mr. _Malthus_ and _des recreationes Mathematiques_) there must bee
fastned an yron broach two inches and a halfe long: then put the breech
into the body, and pierce them both quite through as the figures doe
represent at G and H; then make a pin as K, L, to pinne them both
together, which must bee made to take out at pleasure: then marke both
the body and breech neere the said hole with this ★ or any other marke,
that you may thereby know how to fit them afterwards.
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
The next figure marked with M, N, doeth expresse both the parts of the
Former pinned together; unto this Former there must be made one Rowler
expressed by the figure A; also two rammers expressed by the figures G
H; they must all of them be turned very even and smooth; let the
diameter of the thicknesse of the rowler expressed by the line on the
top marked I I, be three quarters of an inch, let it be eight inches
long from I, to 2, and have a hole bored in the very midst of the end,
so wide and so deep, that all the broach of the former may enter the
same: this is to rowle the coffin of paper and upon. The first rammer
noted with the figure G, must bee seuen inches and a halfe long, from 3
to 4, and haue a hole at the end of it, as the rowler had; this rammer
is to ram the composition into the former (hauing the coffin in it)
untill it bee raysed aboue the broach. The second rammer noted with the
figure H, must be fiue inches and three quarter long from 5 to 6, and
it must haue no hole at the top as the other had; it serueth to ram the
composition into the coffin, when it is once raysed aboue the broach.
The diameter of the thicknesse of these two rammers must be a thought
lesse than the diameter of the rowler, to the end they may not hurt the
coffin, being driuen in. Now to make the coffins you must take paper,
parchment, or strong canuasse, rowle it hard upon the rowler, so often
untill it will go stiffe into the body of the Former: then thrust it
rowler and all through the sayd hollow body of the Former; put then the
broach of the formers breech into the hole of the rowler, and with a
peece of strong packthred choake the coffin within halfe an inch of the
rowlers end (which you may do best, and with most ease, if you first
dip the end of the coffin into fayre water, so that it may be wet quite
through) after you haue choaked the coffin, you must thrust the breech
of the former, the coffin also with the rowler in it, up into the body
of the former: then pin the breech fast to the body of the former with
the pin, and on the rowler giue one stroak or two with a mallet
lightly, then unpin the breech, and with the rowler thrust the coffin
out of the bottom of the former, lay it by untill the end be dry. Thus
you may at leisure times make diuers coffins ready to use upon any
occasion. The following figure expresseth an empty coffin.
[Illustration]
Take one of these coffins, put it into the Former, and take the
composition for middle-sized rockets (mentioned before) and put thereof
spoonfull after spoonfull, untill you haue filled the coffin unto the
top of the former, after the putting of euery second spoonfull into the
coffin, with a mallet giue two or three blowes upon the head of the
rammer, that the composition may bee well rammed into the coffin: euery
third or fourth driuing M. _Norton_ wisheth (if the rockets are to be
fired in three or foure dayes) to dip the rammer in gum-dragant, and
camphir dissolued in spirit of wine, or good _aquavitæ_: but if it will
bee a month before they will bee fired, then dip the rammer in oyle of
peter, or liquid varnish, and linseed oyle mixed together: If you would
haue the rocket to giue a report or blow, then within one diameter of
the top, driue a bottom of leather, or six or eight double of paper,
pierce and prime either of them through in three or foure places, and
fill the rest of the coffin with whole gunpowder; afterwards driue
another bottom of leather, and then with strong packthred choak the
coffin close unto it: then take the rocket out of the Former, and prime
it at the broach-hole with a peece of prepared stouple, and binde unto
it a straight rod 6 or 7 times the length of the rocket, and so heavy,
that being put on your finger, it may ballast the rocket within two or
three diameters of the same: mark the following figure, which
represents a rocket ready made and finished, A, B, the rocket, C, the
stouple that primeth it, D, E, F, the rod bound unto the rocket with
two strings, G, H, I, the hand that poyseth it.
[Illustration]
_How to make Serpents._
The coffins for serpents are made of paper rowled nine or ten times
upon a rowler not much thicker than a goose quill, and about foure
inches long. The coffins must bee choaked almost in the midst, but so
that there may bee a little hole, through which one may see: the
longest part of the coffins for Serpents must be filled with the
composition specified before: if you would haue it wamble in the ayre,
then choak it not after the composition, but if you would haue it
wamble, then halfe-choak it, as is demonstrated by the following
figure, the shorter end of the coffin must bee filled with whole
gunpowder, and choaked quite up, as appeareth at B, in the figure M, N,
O, which is the figure of a Serpent ready made.
[Illustration]
_How to make rayning fire._
Take diuers goose quils, and cut off the hollow ends of them, and fill
them with the composition before mentioned, stopping them afterwards
with a little wet gunpowder, that the dry composition may not fall out.
_How to make starres._
I haue sufficiently taught the making of these in describing their
compositions, wherefore I will now onely present the figures of them
unto your view; A, A, signifieth two that are bound up in paper or
cloth, and peirced, and primed with stouple: the other two, E, E,
signifie those that are made up without paper, and need no priming more
than the powder or sulphur dust that they are rowled in.
[Illustration]
_How to make Petards._
You must make the coffins for them either of white yron, or else of
paper, or parchment rowled upon a Former for the purpose, and
afterwards fitted with a couer, which must be glewed on: these coffins
must be filled with whole gunpowder, and peirced in the midst of the
broad end, and primed thereat with prepared stouple; the paper ones
must be couered all ouer with glew, and the peirced. The figure of a
Petard ready made, and primed, is signified by the figure E.
[Illustration]
_How to make compounded
Rockets._
First you must make the Rocket I taught you before; you must not choake
the end of it, but eyther double downe halfe the coffin, and with the
rammer and a mallet, give it one or two good blowes: then with a bodkin
pierce the paper unto the composition, or else drive a bottome of
leather fitted unto the bore of the Rocket, and pierce it through in
two or three places; then pare or cut off the coffin equall thereunto;
to this end of the rocket you must binde a coffin wider a great deale
then the Rocket is; strew into it a little gunpowder dust, that it may
cover the bottome of this coffin, and put therein with their mouthes
downeward eyther golden rayne, or serpents, or both; also starres, or
petards; you must put some gunpowder dust among these; when you have
filled the coffin with these or such like, cover the top of it with a
peece of paper, and paste upon that a picked crowned paper, balast it
with a rod, and it is finished; the figure followeth.
[Illustration]
_How to make fiends, or fearefull
apparitions._
These must bee made of the compositions for Starres, wrought upon
cotton weeke dipped in _aqua vitæ_, wherein camphire hath beene
dissolved, and after what fashions your fancy doth most affect.
_How to make fire Boxes._
You must make the coffins for fire Boxes of paste-board, rowled upon a
Former, of what bignesse you list; then binde them about with
packthread, and glew over the cords; also glew bottoms unto them, which
must be pierced with a bodkin to prime them at. In these boxes you may
put golden rayne, starres, serpents, petrars, fiends, devils. The tops
of these fire boxes must bee covered with paper as the compound
Rockets. Note that you must strew gunpowder dust a pretty thicknesse on
the bottome of the fire-boxes, and prime the hole at the bottome with
prepared stouple.
[Illustration]
_How to make Swevels._
Swevels are nothing else but Rockets, having in stead of a rod (to
ballast them) a little cane bound fast unto them, where through the
rope passeth. Note that you must be carefull to have your line strong,
even & smooth, and it must be rubd over with sope that it may not burn.
If you would have your Rockets to returne againe, then binde two
Rockets together, with the breech of one towards the mouth of the
other, and let the stouple that primeth the one, enter the breech of
the other; both kinds are expressed by the figures, the uppermost
whereof representeth the single one; A B signifieth the Rocket; D E,
the cane bound unto it, through which a rope passeth. The lowermost
representeth the double Rocket; A B signifieth one Rocket, and C D
another; E the stouple that primeth the one, and entreth the breech of
the other; the cane that the rope passeth thorough is supposed to be
behinde the two Rockets.
[Illustration]
_How to make Gironells, or fire wheeles._
The making of fire wheeles consisteth onely in the placing of Rockets,
with the mouth of one towards the tayle of another, round about
certaine moveable wheels; wherefore I thinke it sufficient only to
describe the diversity of their fashions which follow.
[Illustration]
_How to make flying Dragons._
The flying Dragon is somewhat troublesome to compose; it must be made
eyther of dry and light wood, or crooked-lane plates, or of thin
whalebones covered with Muscovie glasse, and painted over. In the body
thereof, there must bee a voyde cane to passe the rope through; unto
the bottome of this cane must bee bound one or two large Rockets,
according as the bignesse and weight of the Dragon shall require; the
body must bee filled with divers petrars, that may consume it, and a
sparkling receipt must be so disposed upon it, that being fired, it may
burne both at the mouth and at the tayle thereof; then hang the wings
on in such wise, that they may shake as the Dragon runnes along the
line; you may dispose divers small serpents in the wings; marke the
figure.
[Illustration]
_How to make fire Drakes._
[Illustration]
You must take a peece of linnen cloth of a yard or more in length; it
must bee cut after the forme of a pane of glasse; fasten two light
stickes crosse the same, to make it stand at breadth; then smeare it
over with linseed oyle, and liquid varnish tempered together, or else
wet it with oyle of peter, and unto the longest corner fasten a match
prepared with saltpeter water (as I have taught before) upon which you
may fasten divers crackers, or Saucissons; betwixt every of which,
binde a knot of paper shavings, which will make it flie the better;
within a quarter of a yard of the cloth, let there bee bound a peece of
prepared stoupell, the one end whereof, let touch the cloth, and the
other enter into the end of a Saucisson: then tie a small rope of
length sufficient to rayse it unto what height you shall desire, and to
guide it withall: then fire the match, and rayse it against the winde
in an open field; and as the match burneth, it will fire the crackers,
and saucissons, which will give divers blowes in the ayre; and when the
fire is once come unto the stoupell, that will fire the cloth, which
will shew very strangely and fearefully.
[Illustration]
_How to make Balloones, also the morter Peece
to discharge them._
The diameter of the hollownesse of the morter Peece must be one foot,
the longer it is the further it will carry. Let the diameter of the
hollownesse of the sacke be the third part of a foot, and halfe a foot
deepe: it must have a square foot, and a portfire to strew into the
bottome of the sacke on the side of it; this portfire is to be made
like a cane about three inches long, and have a bottome sodered unto
the inside of the screw, which bottome must be pierced with a small
touch hole. This morter peece may be made of yron, red copper, or for a
neede with pastbord, armed with cord, and glewed ouer, but the sack,
and foot of it must bee made of wood, and the pastbord morter must bee
nayled fast upon it. A Balloone must be made of canuasse rowled eight
or nine times upon a Former, it must bee made so, that it will easily
go into the morter peece; into this Balloone you may put Rockets,
Serpents, Starres, Fiends, Petards, and one or two Saucissons to breake
the Balloone; then choak it up with cord, and prime it with a little
cane rammed full of a slow composition; fill the stock of the morter
peece full of whole gunpowder, then screw on the portfire, O, then put
the Balloone down to the bottom of the morter with the cane that
primeth it, downward into the stock; then with tallow or grease stop
the chinks between the Balloone and the morter, and it is ready to bee
discharged, which you may do by putting fire to the portfire, and while
that burneth, retreat out of harmes way.
[Illustration]
A, the figure of the morterpeece with its portfire, O. B, C, a Balloone
ready made. D, an empty coffin for a Balloone.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Of Fire-works for the earth.
_How to make Rockets for the earth._
The moulds for these Rockets for the earth are not made like those for
the ayre, because that it is required that these should last longer,
and haue a more gentle motion: obserue therefore the following
directions for the making of them, which may serue for all occasions,
without any alteration for bigger or lesser. Let the diameter of their
hollownesse bee halfe an inch, let their hollownesse be five or six
inches long, let the rowler for to rowle the coffins on, bee the third
part of an inch thick, and let the rammer to charge it bee a thought
lesse, let the breech bee three quarters of an inch long, and let the
breech enter halfe an inch into the mould, then fill it with the
composition proper for it, obseruing those rules in the ramming it, as
you did in ramming rockets for the ayre; when you haue filled it within
an inch of the top of the mould, double down a quarter of the coffin,
beating it with three or foure strokes of the mallet; then with a
bodkin peirce it in two or three places, and then put in the quantity
of a pistoll charge of whole gunpowder, then double down the halfe of
the coffin, giuing it a gentle blow or two with the mallet, and with a
strong packthred choak the rest of the coffin, and what remaineth after
the coffin is choaked, cut it of, and it is made.
_How to make Crackers._
It is well known, that euery boy can make these, therefore I think it
will be but labour lost, to bestow time to describe their making: only
thus much, if you would make a Cracker to giue forty, fifty, a hundred,
or two hundred blowes, one after another, then binde so many Crackers
upon a stick, so that the end of the one may joyne to the mouth of the
other.
_How to make Trunkes._
These you may make of paste-board, paper, or wood, and of what bignesse
and length you please, and ram them full of the composition of Rockets
for the earth; if you would have them to change colour, then alter the
composition that is, put in two or three spoonfulls of the composition
of Rockets for the water, and ramme that in, then put in two or three
spoonfulls of the composition of Rockets for the ayre, and ramme that
in, then put in two or three spoonfulls of gunpowder dust, and ramme
that in, doe so till you have quite filled it, then tie a bottome of
leather upon it, and pierce it and prime it with stoupell; after the
same manner may you make lanternes and lights.
_How to make tumbling balls._
Make a ball of canvas, and fasten in it a double Rocket for the earth;
you may stuffe the rest of the ball with a slow composition of two
parts charcoale dust, and one part of gunpowder dust, mingled together,
and put divers petrards amongst it.
_How to make Saucissons._
Saucissons are of two sorts, eyther to be placed upon a frame, or such
like, and so to bee discharged with a trayne of gunpowder, or else to
bee discharged out of the morter-peece. The standing Saucisson is thus
made; you must roll paper or canvas, nine or ten times upon a roller as
A, B, and choake the one end of it: fill it then with whole gunpowder,
and then choake the other end also, then cover all the Saucisson with
cord, and glew it over; then pierce one end of it, and prime it with a
quill filled with gunpowder dust; place it upon a forme having a hole
for the quill to passe thorough; then fire it by a traine of gunpowder
layd under the frame, it will give a report like a canon: marke the
figure F F.
[Illustration]
_How to make the flying Saucisson to be delivered out
of the morter peece._
Make a coffin for this, as you did for the former; first, fill it
almost with whole gunpowder, then put upon that gunpowder dust, which
you must ramme hard into the coffin, so that it may bee one finger
thicke; then choake it close, and arme, and prime it as you did the
former. It is represented by the figure, K M.
[Illustration]
_How to make a fire sword._
You must make a sword of woode, having a deepe channell in the backe of
it, wherein place first a Rocket for the ground; then two or three
serpents upright; (with their mouthes inward) let the stoupell that
primeth the Rocket come under the mouth of the serpents, so that being
kindled, it may set them on fire, and enter the breech of the next
rocket, so fill the channell quite full with rockets and serpents,
binde the rockets fast into the channell, but the serpents must be
placed so, that being once fired, they may fly out of the channell, and
it is made: mark the figure G, P.
[Illustration]
_The description and making of three sorts
of Fire-lances._
To make the first Fire-lance, whose figure is noted A, you must make a
hollow trunk of what length or bignesse you please, either of wood,
paper, or pastbord rowled on a rowler, and armed with some cord and
glew: first put into the bottom of whole gunpowder about one or two
fingers thick; then ram upon it a pastebord peirced with a little hole
in the middle, hauing a quill fastned in it, which quill must be filled
with a slow composition, or else with gunpowder dust: this quill must
stand up in the lance two or three inches; then fill the coffin up to
the top of the said quill with starres, and strew among the starres
some gunpowder dust, then put pastebord ouer them, having a hole for
the quill fastned in the former bottom of pastebord to passe; then upon
this pastebord ram gunpowder dust one or two fingers thick, then put a
row of serpents in, and in the midst of the serpents put a cane open at
both ends, and filled with gunpowder dust; this cane must be somewhat
longer than the serpents, and it must passe through a pastebord, which
must bee put ouer: then put some more gunpowder dust, and ram it in
upon it, and upon that put another row of serpents, with a cane in the
midst of them filled with a slow composition, and upon them put
gunpowder dust, or else a slow composition, ramming it in till the
lance bee full; then put a pastebord upon it, and in the midst of the
pastebord put a little cane filled with a slow composition, then fasten
it upon a staffe of what length you will, and it is made.
[Illustration]
To make the second Fire-lance, you must prepare a trunk like unto the
former, first ram in the bottom of it some of the composition of
rockets for the earth about two fingers thick, then put a pastebord
upon it, having a petard fastned in the middest; this pastebord must
bee pierced in three or foure places, round about the petard, that
thereby the powder that is rammed ouer the paste-bord may take fire:
then ram in some more composition upon the petard, about two or three
fingers thick, then another petard, then more composition, so doing
untill you have filled the trunk: then fasten it upon a staffe, and
prime it as you did the former, it is represented by the figure noted B.
To make the third Fire-lance you must haue a trunk also, which must bee
rammed full of a slow composition, of two parts charcoale dust, and one
part gunpowder dust well mixed, prime it as the former, then bore
divers holes round about it, from the top to the bottom, into every of
which holes glew a saucisson, or a serpent, or a little ball filled
with gunpowder dust, and having a petard in the middle: either of these
must bee well primed, and their primed ends must be towards the inside
of the lance, so that as the lance burneth downward, it may orderly
give fire unto the saucissons, bals, and serpents: the figure D
representeth a lance having three rowes of serpents, three rowes of
bals, and three rowes of saucissons, fastned round about it.
_The description and making of two sorts
of Fire-clubs._
To make the first you must make an ovall ball of paste-bord, canvasse,
or parchment glewed together, which you must first fill with a slow
composition, ram it in, and then bore divers holes round about it, and
put therein serpents, fire bals, or what you will: fasten it upon a
staffe, and prime it in the top with a cane filled with a slow
composition: this is represented by the figure A, A.
[Illustration]
To make the second you must fill divers canes open at both ends (and of
a foot long, or more, or lesse, as you think fit) with a slow
composition, and binde them upon a staffe of foure or five foot long;
prime them so that one being ended, another may begin: you may prime
them with a stouple or match (prepared as before) make an osier basket
about it with a hole in the very top to fire it by, and it is done.
The figure F, F, representeth the staffe, with the canes bound upon it.
The figure marked G, representeth the staffe having a basket wrought
over it.
_How to make a Fire-target._
Make a Target of osier twigs, or else of light wood, & binde it upon it
divers canes filled with a very slow composition: the canes must bee
open at both ends, and primed with stouple, that one may give fire unto
another: in the midst of all you may set up a large cane also, if you
please, which you may fill with the same composition as you did the
others. Mark the figure L, M, N, O.
[Illustration]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Of Fire-works for the water.
_How to make Rockets for the water._
The diameter of hollownesse of the mould for Rockets that swim on the
water, must be one inch, and eight inches long: let the breech enter
into the body of the Rocket one inch, and it must have no broach at all
in it. Let the diameter of the thicknesse of the rowler bee three
quarters of an inch, the rammer must be a thought lesser; then ram it
full of the composition of Rockets for the water; joyne to the upper
end of it a Saucisson: then couer it all over with melted pitch, rosin,
wax, or tallow, to the end that the water may not spoyle the coffins;
and to make it float along the water, binde a rod about two foot long,
as you did unto the rockets for the ayre: now if you would have the
rocket to change his actions, (that is, to swim one while above the
water, and one while under the water) then put into it in the filling,
one spoonfull of composition, and ram that in; then one spoonfull of
whole powder, and ram that in; and then another of composition, and
after that another of whole gunpowder, so do untill you have filled it
quite. If you would have it change colour, then shift the composition
divers times, (that is, put in one spoonfull of the composition of
rockets for the water, then another spoonfull of the composition of
rockets for the ayre, or rochpeter and gunpowder mixed) untill you have
filled it.
_How to make a Rocket that shall burne a good
while in the water, and then mount
up into the ayre._
First you shall make a rocket for the water, and binde unto the lower
end a stick about two foot and a halfe long, having a large hole in the
end thereof: then tie unto it (but loosly, so that it may easily slip
out) a rocket for the ayre, and let the stouple that primeth for the
rocket for the ayre, enter into the breech of the water rocket, then
let the end of the rod of the rocket for the ayre enter into the hole
of the rod of the rocket for the water: besmeare then both the rockets
with tallow, grease, or wax, or any oyle colour that the water may not
spoyle the coffins of the rockets; then hang a stone at the bottom of
the stick that hath the hole in it, to make it sink down into the
water; then fire the water rocket, and cast them into the water; the
fired rocket will burne in the water, and being consumed, will giue
fire unto the other rocket, which being loosly tyed, will slip the
bond, and mount up into the ayre. This is represented by the figure G,
G. The floating rocket mentioned before, is expressed by the figure
noted I, K.
[Illustration]
_The description and making of two sorts of fire bals
for the water._
For to make the first, you must make a ball of Canvas, about the
bignesse of a Foot-ball, or bigger if you please, and fasten in it a
double Rocket for the water: if you will, also you may stuffe the rest
of the ball with the composition that will burne under the water, and
cut holes in the sides, and therein fasten other bals, and petrards in
them: then cover the ball over with Tallow, Pitch, or painting, except
the place where the Rocket is primed, and it is done. It is represented
by the figure noted with A, and it will tumble up and downe in the
water.
[Illustration]
To make the second fire-ball, you must first make a ball of Canvas,
Pasteboard, or such like, and cut a wide hole in the top of it, and
place in it a channell of Tinne pierced in divers places: fill the
channell with the compositions of Rockets for the water; against every
hole therof, place a petrard: cover it with a cover, pitch it over, and
prime it, then ballast it with leade, or a stone, that the vent may
burne upwards, and it is done. It is represented by the figure B.
_How to make a Dolphin._
You must make the body of it of Pasteboard glued together, fill the
body with the composition of Rockets for the water, pierce it in the
back with divers little holes, wherein put Serpents, besmeare the body
all ouer with the following pap: Take gunpowder dust, foure ounces,
camphire, and sulphur, or brimstone in powder, of each one ounce, make
them into a soft pap with oyle of tiles, then binde unto it a large
Rocket for the water, which Rocket must be armed (as afore) that the
water may not hurt it: then ballast it with a wyre, hauing at each end
a piece of lead of weight sufficient, and it is done. Marke the figure.
[Illustration]
I might haue beene infinite in the describing of such like with Ships,
Towres, Castles, Piramides. But considering that it would but increase
the price of the booke, and not better your understanding: since all
consist of the former workes, which are so plainely described, as that
the most ignorant may easily conceiue thereof, and (if any whit
ingenious) thence contriue others, of what fashion they list.
_FINIS._
------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE
THIRD BOOKE
Of Drawing, Limming, Colouring,
Painting, and Graving.
By _I. B._
[Illustration]
_LONDON._
Printed by THOMAS HARPER, for RALPH MAB,
1634.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Illustration]
THE THIRD BOOKE
of Drawing, Painting, Limming,
Graving.
The Art of _Drawing_ is in it selfe most excellent, and most worthy
commendations in whosoever it is; yea it is an Art so necessarie unto
all ingenious Artists, as that in no wise they can be without it, and
my selfe haue found it to bee true, that the sight of a good draught is
more unto an ingenious person, then a whole Chaptor of Information;
Wherefore I have, according unto my knowledge and practise therein,
faithfully penned the same; for the use of all such as beare affection
unto the Art, and are desirous to be instructed therein: And for that
divers persons cannot attaine unto it, or perhaps are loath to bestow
any time to practise it: whereby they might come to a requisite
perfection: for such I have set downe certaine directions, and those so
facile, and easie; that persons altogether unskilfull, may (having a
patterne) worke very well; But before I begin, it behooveth that I
prescribe what things are to be had in readinesse to worke withall:
first therefore provide good smooth and cleare paper, divers plummets
made of blacke leade, oker, or blacke chalke, or else Charcoals made of
Ash, Sallow, or Beech, split in sunder, and pointed; also a wing:
having provided these your implements, you shall thus begin to worke.
First, let the thing, whose pourtrature you intend to take, stand
before you, so that the light be not hindred from falling upon it, and
with a pointed peece of charcoale draw it rustically; which when you
have done, consider a while whether all the parts thereof are
proportionable, and whether it carry the semblance of the thing that
you drew it from, which if it do not, wipe it out with your wing, and
begin anew: but if it be faulty in one part onely, wipe onely that part
out, and draw it againe; whensoever it liketh you, or that you have so
drawne it, that you can finde no great fault in it: wipe it over gently
with your wing, so that you may perceive the former strokes: then with
your blacke chalke, or blacke lead plummets; draw it as perfectly, and
as curiously as you can, and shadow it according as the light falleth
upon it; This way is workeman like, and the most difficult of all, yet
by a little practice may easily be attained unto: so that the persons
stand well affected unto the Art. Instead of white paper, you may take
light coloured blew paper, and draw upon it with charcoale, and white
chalke pointed, which will shew very wel: but note, that after you have
made your draught, you must wet it in faire water, and let it dry of it
selfe; this will make the drawing to hold fast on, which would
otherwise easily be wiped off. This may serve for such as are contented
to take some paines to attaine so noble a Science. But for others there
are divers other helps, which follow in order.
_How to take the perfect draught of any printed, or
painted Picture._
Take a sheete of Venice (or in stead thereof) of the finest white paper
that you can get: wet it all ouer with cleane sallet oyle: then wipe
the oyle off from the paper, as cleane as you can, so that the paper
may be dry, otherwise it will spoyle a printed picture by the soaking
through of the oyle: hauing thus prepared your paper, lay it upon any
painted or printed picture, and you shall see the picture through the
same more perfectly appearing, then through glasse, and so with a
blacke lead pen, you may draw it ouer with ease, and better first with
a soft char-cole, and then with a pen. After that you haue thus drawne
the picture upon the oyled paper, put it upon a sheete of cleane white
paper, and with a little sticke pointed, or (which is better) with a
feather taken out of a Swallowes wing: draw ouer the picture againe,
and so you shall haue the same very prettily and neatly drawne upon the
white paper, which you may set out with colours, as shall be taught
hereafter.
_Another way._
Having drawne the picture, first open the oyled paper, put it upon a
sheete of cleane white paper, and pricke ouer the same drawing, with a
good big pin, then from the cleane sheete, that is pricked, pounce it
upon another: that is, take some small coale, powder it fine, and wrap
it in a piece of Tiffanie or such like, and binde it up therein
loosely, and clap it lightly ouer all the pricked lines by little and
little, and afterwards draw it ouer again with a Pen or Pencill, or
otherwise as you please.
_Another way very pretty and easie to be performed._
Take some Lake, and grinde it fine, and temper it with Linseed oyle,
and afterwards with a pen, draw with this mixture (in stead of Inke)
all the out stroaks of any printed picture, also the muscles: then wet
the contrary side of the picture, and presse it hard upon a sheete of
cleane white paper, and it will leaue behinde it all the stroakes of
the said picture that you draw ouer.
_Another way much like the former._
Take Printers Blacking, grinde it fine, and temper it with faire water,
and with a pen dipt therein, draw ouer the master stroakes and out
lines of the muscles: wet then a faire paper with a spunge, and clap
the picture upon it, pressing it very hard thereupon, and you shall
finde the stroakes you drew, left upon the faire paper.
_An easie way to lessen any picture: that is, to draw
a picture from another, in a lesser compasse._
[Illustration]
First, with a ruler, and a blacke lead plummet, draw a line at the very
top: also another at the bottome paralell, or equally distant from the
other: from the upper line, let fall two perpendicular or plum-lines
euen unto the lowermost line, so those foure lines will make a square:
now you must diuide this square into diuers equall parts, with a paire
of compasses, and draw lines with a ruler and blacke lead plummet,
quite over the picture: so the lesselines will divide the picture into
equall parts or squares: then take a faire paper, and make as many
squares upon it, as there is in the picture: you may make them as
little as you will, but be sure that they are equall, and of just
number with those in the picture. Having thus crossed your picture, and
drawne over your faire paper into squares, take a blacke lead pen, and
draw the picture by little and little, passing from square unto square,
untill you have finished the whole: still observing the order of the
squares as they stand in either: then draw it ouer with a pen, in which
second drawing of it over, you may easily mend any fault: when it is
dry, rub it over with the crum of white bread, and it will take off all
the blacke lead strokes, and your draught onely will remaine faire upon
the paper or parchment. Here I might have entred into discourse of
drawing paralels, perpendiculars, making of squares, and such like: but
to deal truely, I was as loth to trouble my selfe, as to wearie you:
you shall neede onely to provide a ruler of thin brasse or copper,
having a crosse thwart one end of it: the charge will not be much, nor
the use tedious: the figure followeth, noted A, B.
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
Let _a_, _b_, _c_, _d_, be a line given, whereon to erect a
perpendicular or plumb line: lay the ruler so, that the crosse over the
end of it, may lye full upon the Line, then draw a Line by the side of
the rule, and it is done.
_A verie easie way, to describe a Towne, or Castle:
being within the full sight thereof._
For the effecting of this, you must have a frame made, and crossed into
equall squares with Lute strings, and figured at the end of each
string: this frame must have a foot, wherein it must be made to be
lifted higher or lower as occasion serveth; also you must divide your
paper that you are to draw upon into so many equal squares as your
frame containeth: having the like figures at the ends of each line that
there is on the frame; before this frame must be placed a style or
bodkin having a little glasse on the top of it for to direct the sight.
Note now that the nearer any thing commeth unto the Center, the lesser
it appeareth: hence it is that a Towne of a mile, or more long, or a
huge great Castle, at a distance may be comprehended, and that easily
within the limits of so small a frame; By the stile direct your sight
from one part to another, beginning at one square, and proceeding
through the rest in order as they lie; Marke well the following figure.
[Illustration]
_How to make a Deske: by meanes whereof you may
draw, and that most exactly with great facilitie
any printed picture, or sollid Image._
First let there be a frame made, and with hinges let be joynted unto a
board of equall breadth unto it: let this frame also have two stayes at
the top, at each end one, by meanes whereof the deske may be raised
higher, or lower, as need shall require; then fasten to the frame a
peece of pure cleare glasse fitted thereunto, and it is finished. The
figure followeth.
[Illustration: _The Deske._]
The manner of using this Deske is thus. If the picture that you intend
to draw be a printed one, then first fasten it next unto the Deske with
waxe, paste, or such like: upon it fasten a sheet of faire paper: If it
be in the day-time place the backe of it towards the Sunne; if it be in
the night that you worke, place a lampe behinde it, and so you shall
see perfectly every (even the least) stroake of the picture, which with
your penne you may draw as acurately as any Limmer whatsoever. If it be
a solid peece, then place it behinde the Deske, betweene the light and
the Deske: then fasten a sheet of cleane white paper upon the Deske;
raise then the Deske higher, or lower untill you see the perfect shadow
of the image through your Deske, and paper, and then draw the posture
of the Image, and shadow it afterwards (without the Deske) as light
falleth upon it.
_An easie way to take the naturall, and lively shape
of the leafe of any hearbe or tree, which thing passeth
the Art of man to imitate with Pen or Pensill._
First take the leafe that you would have, and gently bruise the ribs
and veines on the backe side of it, afterwards wet that side with
Linseed-oyle, and then presse it hard upon a peece of cleane white
paper, and so you shall have the perfect figure of the said leafe, with
every veine thereof, so exactly exprest as being lively coloured, it
would seeme to bee truly naturall, by this we learne, that Nature being
but a little adjuvated or seconded with Art, can worke wonders.
Now for the farther information of such as are desirous of exemplarie
instruction, I have set downe in order following the delineation of the
proportion of such things as in my judgement seemed most necessarie for
young beginners, and those in such easie demonstrations as for the most
part they consist of equall squares, and require no more for their
right understanding, then diligent observation, I might have filled a
whole Booke of such like: but having considered that what I had done,
was a sufficient ground for a farther procession, I thought fitting to
leave each person to the exercise and practice of his best Invention.
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
_I thought fitting to give you a word or two, wherefore
I have not made the crosse pricked lines to passe
through the figures._
The reason is, 1 because the figure would have beene thereby somwhat
defaced; 2 because some chuse rather to draw without such rules; 3 for
others with a ruler and black lead plummet they may crosse the figures
through, and with white bread crums take out the same againe at
pleasure.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Of Painting.
The principall end and subject of this Art, is to set out things both
in proportion of parts, and livelinesse of colour.
For the former, the proportion of parts, I have given sufficient
information for the meanest capacitie in the precedent part of this
tractat: now therefore I will speake of the other, the colouring or
setting out in colours. But first provide a frame or Easel called by
Artists, which is very necessary to worke upon, especially in greater
pieces of worke: the forme whereof followeth.
[Illustration: _The Easel._]
Also you must provide divers little shels to put your colours in, also
pensils of all sorts, both for priming and other: a light ruler of one
foot and a halfe, or two foot long: and colours of all sorts ground
very fine upon a porphire or marble. Having provided these, you shall
set to worke, observing the subsequent directions.
Painting may be performed either with water colours, or with oyle
colours.
First I will speake of water colours, wherein I shall observe two
things.
First, the diversitie of colours, and preparations. Secondly, their
mixture, and manner of laying them on the ground.
First of the first, the diversitie of colours and their preparation.
Colours are either simple or compounded, meerely tinctures of
vegetables, or substances of minerals, or both: the simple colours are
such as of themselves, being tempered with the water or oyle, doe give
a colour. The compounded are such, whose ingredients do exceed the
number of one. Vegetables are rootes, juces, berries, and such like
things as grow out of the earth. Minerals are such as are dig'd out of
the earth, as earth, and stones, &c. All which follow in order, as well
their preparations, as description. First note that every colour to be
ground, ought first to be ground with the gall of a neat: then let them
dry of themselves in a cold place, afterwards grinde them with gumme
water for your use.
Now I am come to the second thing observable (to wit) the mixture and
laying the colours on the grounds, which is thus: your colours prepared
for use, ought to be tempered according unto direction, still observing
a meane: and to that end, mixe them by little and little, till the
colour please you; first you must lay on the ground colour, and let it
dry throughly: then with a small pensill, pricke on the second colour,
else it will be apt to run abroad, nor can you worke it so well, to
make it seeme liuely, as you may by pricking it one, specially in small
peeces.
If you are to paint ouer maps, or printed pictures that haue writing in
them, they use to lay on the thinnest colours, and alwaies before you
lay any colours upon paper, wet the backe side of it with faire water,
wherein store of Allum hath been dissolued, and let it dry of it selfe:
after wet it againe, and let it dry: doe it the third time, for this
will strengthen the paper, that the colour shall not sinke through it,
and moreouer it will make the colour shew the brighter, and last, the
better.
_To make Gum water to temper your Colours with._
Take cleane water, and put into it of gum Arabicke a little, and let it
stand untill the gumme be dissolued. Now you must haue a care that it
be neither too thicke, by reason of the Gumme, nor yet too thin: for
with the one you cannot worke well, and the other will not binde the
colour fast.
_A Purple colour._
Take two pound of Heidleber, two ounces of Allum, halfe an ounce of
ashes of Copper, halfe a pound of water; put them into a Skillet, and
let them boyle till a third be consumed: when it is cold, straine it
into a cleane vessell, and let it stand a while, then straine it into
another, and then let it stand till it be thicke enough.
_A Crane Colour._
You must onely grinde blacke Lead with Gum water.
_Browne Colour._
Take good browne, and grinde it with Gumme water: his false colour is
made with two parts browne, and a third part white lead, sad it with
the same browne.
_Hayre Colour._
Take Vmber or Spanish browne, grinde it, temper it with Gumme water.
_A Blew._
Boyle Mulberries with Allum.
_An Emerauld Colour._
Take Verdigreese, and grinde it first dry, and put unto it a little of
the Gall of a neat: also of Saffron, and the juyce of Rew, of each a
little: grinde them together, and put them into a shell, and let it dry
there: when you would use it, grinde it againe with Vineger or Verjuce,
and a little neats gall dissolved in either of them. His false colour
is two parts greene, and a third ceruse: it must bee sadded with a good
greene.
_A Motlie greene._
This colour is compounded of red and greene.
_A blacke Colour._
First you must lay on a light blacke, mingled with white lead, and
afterwards when it is dry, sad it with good blacke; for sad blacke,
mixe Indie Baudias with Gumme water.
_A marble or ashe colour._
This is compounded of blacke and white.
_A russet or sad Browne._
This colour is made by compounding a little white, with a good quantity
of red.
_A browne Blew._
Take two parts of Indie Baudias, and a third of ceruse and temper them
with gumme water.
_A Brasse Colour._
This is compounded of Masticot and Vmber.
_A gold yellow for Armes._
Take Orpment, and Masticot, grinde each by themselves: but in grinding
of the Masticot, adde a little Saffron, and worke with them. Note you
may alay your Orpment with chalke, and sadde it with browne of Spain or
Oker de Luke.
_Azure._
Take of white lead foure ounces, of Indicum two ounces, put them into a
leaden pot with vinegar: boyle them well, and that which swimmes on the
top is the colour.
_A purple or violet Colour._
This is a compounded colour, and it is made either by mixing a
quantitie of Azure, and a portion of Turnsole: or else by mixing a
quantitie of cusset, and a quantitie of Azure.
_Sanguine or Blood-colour._
TThis is likewise a compounded colour, and it is made by mixing a good
quantitie of Cinaper with a little blacke.
_Orange-tawny._
This colour is compounded of a bright red, and a bright yellow.
_A Lyon-tawny._
This colour is made by mixing red lead and Masticot together.
_A Carnation, or Flesh-colour._
First you must lay on a white colour tempered with gumme-water, and
when it is drie you must go it over againe with Vermillion or lake, or
else you must temper ceruse and vermilleon together, and being dry, go
over it againe with lake or vermillion.
_A Peach Colour._
This is compounded of Ceruse and Vermillion.
_A Skie Colour._
This colour is compounded of vermilleon and azure.
_A Blood red._
This colour is made of Cinaper, and afterwards sadded with Vermilleon
at the sides, or else with a browne colour. A bloudy colour, grinde
Cinaper, Lake, and Cinaper tops, put them into good water, and if they
be too light, put to them a little Turnsole.
_A Lincoln-greene._
This colour is compounded of a good greene and Saffron.
_A Poppin-jay greene._
This colour is compounded of azure, and masticot.
_A good yellow._
Take Saffron, or Cambugium, and temper it with gum-water. Sad it with
Vermilleon.
_A sable or blacke._
Take a Torch, hold it under a lattyn Bason, temper that blacke with
gumme-water.
_A velvet-blacke._
Bvrne harts-horne on a Colliers hearth; then grinde it with the gaul of
a neat, put it into a shell, and let it dry in the shade: when you
would use it, grinde it againe with gumme-water.
_To write gold with Pen or Pensil._
Take a shell of gold, and put a little gum-water unto it, and temper it
together, and then you may write with it as with other colours.
_To make Azure, or bise sadder._
Take blew Turnsole, wet it in gum-water, and then wring it out, and
mixe it either with Bise, or else over-shadow the Bise with it.
_Red Colour._
Take Vermillion, and temper it with gumme water: His false colour is
two parts vermillion, and a third part ceruse.
_Another Red._
Take russet, and temper it with gumme-water, clay it with ceruse, and
sad it with it selfe.
_Another Red._
Take Brassill in grosse powder, allum in powder: steep them in gum
water a night and a day: then straine it, and keepe it for use.
_A greene Colour._
Take Copper plates, put them in a copper pot, & put distilled vineger
to them: set them in a warme place till the vinegar become blew, then
put it out into another leaded pot, and poure more vinegar into it
again; let it stand so till it become blew; this do so many times till
you thinke you have enough: then let it stand till it be thicke.
_To make good Inke._
Take two handfuls of gauls, cut each gaul into three or foure peeces,
poure into them a pint of beere or wine, then let it stand eight
houres; straine it from the gauls, and put vitreoll therein, and to the
vitreoll a third part of gumme, set it on the fire to warme; but let it
not seethe, and it will be good Inke, and of these gauls you may make
Inke foure or five times more.
_To seethe Brasill._
Take an ounce of Brasill, twelve ounces of beere, wine, or vinegar, put
it in a new pot, let it stand a night; and in the morning set it on the
fire, and let it seethe till halfe be consumed: then put into it two
peny worth of allum beaten together, and as much beaten gum-Arabicke:
stirre them well together, and let them seethe againe; if you desire to
have it somewhat darke, then scrape a little chalke into it when it
seetheth: let it not seethe over the pot: when it is cold straine it
through a cloth, and put it into a glass well stopt.
_Aurum Musicum._
Take one ounce of Salarmoniack, one ounce of quicksilver of
counterfein, halfe an ounce of brimstone, bruise the brimstone, and set
it on the fire, but let it not be over hot (lest it burne) then take
the Salarmoniacke, and the quicksilver being in powder: mixe them well
together, then mingle with them the brimstone: stirre them well, and
quickly with a sticke till the brimstone become hard, then let it
coole, grinde it on a stone, and put it in a glasse well stopt with
waxe, and set it in a pan with ashes; make a fire under it, and let it
stand halfe a day in that manner (but not over hot) till a yellow smoke
riseth on it, and when the yellow smoke is gone it is prepared.
_Argentum Musicum._
Take an ounce of Tynne, melt it, and put thereto one ounce of tartar,
and one ounce of quicksilver, stirre them well till they be cold: then
beat all in a morter, and grinde it on a stone; temper it with
gumme-water, and write therewith, and afterward polish it.
_To write a gold colour._
Take a new hennes egge, make a hole at one end, and let the substance
out, then take the yolke without the white, and foure times as much in
quantitie of quicksilver; grinde them well together, and put them into
the shell; stop the hole thereof with chalke, and the white of an egge,
then lay it under an henne that sitteth with sixe more, let her sit on
it three weeks, then breake it up, and write with it.
_To write with gold out of a Pensil._
Take honey, and salt a like quantitie, grinde them well, and put to
them a leafe of gold, with a little white of an egge; put it into a
mussell shell, and let it purifie; then temper it with gumme-water, and
write with it, pollish it.
Or else grinde a leafe of silver, or gold, very small with gumme-water,
and wash it in a mussell shell as aforesaid.
_To temper Azure or Bise._
Take Azure or Bise, and grinde it on a stone with cleane water; then
put it in a broad glasse, or shell, and when it hath stood a while all
the dregs will sleet above, and the cleane colour will fall to the
bottome; then poure out the water with the dregs, and poure the azure
in cleane water againe; then stirre the colour and water together, and
let it stand, and fine, and after that poure out the water, and dregs
againe: do thus till it be well purged; then grinde it againe on a
stone with gumme-water, and put it into a horne, or shell; when you
paint or write, stirre it, and let the sticke drop into the pen, for it
will sinke to the bottome as lead.
_To temper Turnsole._
Take Turnsole, and wet it once or twice in cleare water, and let it lye
till it be well steeped; then wring it into a dish till the colour be
good, and sad; with this you may flourish red letters, or vestures, and
this colour shall be darked, sadded, or renewed with blacke inke.
_To make colouring, called Vernix: to varnish gold,
silver, or any other colour on vellem, paper,
timber, stone, &c._
Take Bengewine, and bray it well betwixt two papers, then put it into a
viol, and poure on it _Aqua vitæ_, that it may stand aboue the
bengewine three or foure fingers, and let it steepe so a day or two;
then put to it for halfe a violl of _Aqua vitæ_ fiue or sixe chieues of
Saffron slenderly stamped; this done, straine it, and with a Pensil
vernish therewith any thing gilded, which will become bright and
shining, drying it selfe immediately, and will continue the brightnesse
many yeares; But if you will varnish on siluer, then take the white
that is found in Bengewine and dresse it with _Aqua vitæ_ as afore,
leauing out the Saffron, and the said vernish made with these onely is
very good to varnish all things as well painted, as not painted: for it
maketh Tables of Walnut tree and Hebene to glister if it bee laid on
them; and all other things, as Iron, Copper, or Tin gilded, or not; it
maketh bright, preserveth and aideth the colour, and dryeth incontinent
without taking dust.
_To make a double size to lay gold or silver on an embossed
ground._
Take Venice Ceruse, white lead, plaister of an old Image, or chalke,
any of these made in fine powder, and ground with the white of an egge,
and a little water: this will make a good bottome to lay silver on. But
when you use any of these to lay under gold, put to it a little
Saffron, put not too much water; mingle it after discretion, and looke
the size be thicke standing: put the size thus tempered, in a horne or
shell in some Celler, or shadowed place, where it may stand moyst seven
dayes, till it be perfect clammy and rotten, and once a day stirre it;
the elder the size is, it is the better. If there stand any bubbles on
the size, put in eare waxe, for that is a remedy thereto, and before
you lay it on your worke, lay the size on a scrow, and dry it, and when
it is dry, bend it, and if it bend and breake not, then it is perfect,
and if it breake, put to it a little water to make it weaker, and proue
if it cleaueth fast to the booke, if not, put glayr thereto, and make
it more stedfast: the like size may you make of Gipsium,
Bolearmoniacke, red or yellow Oker, Orpment or Masticot, with browne of
Spaine, or red lead: if euery of them be ground seuerally, and tempered
as afore.
_Of painting in Oyle._
Here you must provide one thing more then you did before: that is, a
Pallet (so called by Artists) whereupon you must put a small quantitie
of euery such colour you are to use, the forme whereof followeth.
[Illustration: _The Pallet._]
The colours to be used, are altogether such dry substances as I
mentioned formerly: as Oker, Vermilion red lead, Vmber, Spanish browne,
Lam-blacke, Gambugice, Masticot, Orpment, Ceruse, or Spanish white,
blew and greene Bise, Verdigrease, and a multitude of such like, which
may be had at the Rose in _Cornehill, London_.
Your colours must be ground all very finely, and tempered with Linseed
oyle; and to preserve them, put them in little earthen pans, and put
water upon them, and cover them, that the dust come not at them: thus
they may be kept a great while, and from thence you may take them as
your use doth require.
There are divers colours which without the admixture of another colour,
will not be dry a great while; as Lake, Verdigrease, Lam-blacke: with
such you must temper a little Vmber or red lead.
Divers Painters there are, that having haste of worke, doe use to
temper their colour with one part of fatte oyle, and two of common
Linseed oyle, and by this meanes they make the colours dry the sooner:
this fat oyle is onely Linseed oyle exposed to the weather, and so it
becommeth thicker: yea sometimes you shall see it so thicke, that you
may cut it almost like Butter: it may bee made likewise by boyling of
it a little while, but the former is the best. As for the tempering of
your colours, I can prescribe no surer way then experience with
diligent observation.
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[Illustration]
Of Graving.
It is possible for one to be a good Painter, and yet not to be able to
draw well with the pen, because there is not required in a Painter such
a curious and exact carriage of the hand: but it is impossible for one
ever to Grave or Etch well, except he can draw well with the pen. First
therefore presupposing you can doe the first before you attempt the
second, you must provide divers graving tooles, both long and short:
some for hard worke, some for sweet worke, some for smaller worke, and
some for greater: also a peece of a Beaver hat, and a good oyle stone,
smoothed on one side, and free from pin holes, and plates of Copper or
Brasse exactly polished.
_Of Gravers._
There are two principall sorts of Gravers, the long and the short: the
long are straight, and for to engrave Plates withall, especially the
greater, and these are to be held as the figure following doth
expresse: where you may note that the pummell of the Graver resteth
against the ball of the thumb, and the point is guided with the
forefinger. And there ought to bee a little bagge of sand under your
Plate, to the end that you might turne your plate upon it as your worke
doth require.
[Illustration]
The second sort is a short Graver, and turneth up somewhat at the end,
and that is to engrave Letters and Scutchions in plate seales, and
smaller plates, being fastened in some convenient instrument: this must
be held likewise according unto the expression of the figure following:
where it is to be noted, that the pummell of the Graver is stayed
against the further part of the hand, and is guided by the inward side
of the thumbe. It were needfull that there were a piece of leather like
a Taylors thimble, about the end of the thumbe, waxed or glued, whereby
to guide the Graver more steadily, and stay it upon occasion.
[Illustration]
_How to make Gravers._
Provide some good crosse-bow steele, and cause it to be beaten out into
small rods, and softned: then with a good file you may shape them at
your pleasure: when you have done, heat them red hot, and dip them
straight downe into sope, and by so doing, they will bee hard indeed.
Note that if in the dipping of them into the sope, you turne your hand
never so little awry, the Graver will be crooked. These Gravers made
and hardened after this manner, doe farre exceed all the other Gravers.
If your gravers be too hard, heate them a little, and thrust them into
tallow, and they will be tougher.
The oyle stone is to whet your gravers on; drop one or two drops of
sallet oyle upon it, and whet your graver thereon, and it will have an
edge presently.
_How to smooth and pollish Copper Plates._
Because that in the printing with Copper Plates, the least scratch,
though it be scarce visible, receiveth its impression, and so many
times disgraceth the worke: I have set downe a way to smooth plates for
impression.
First, take a piece of Brasse, or Copper, of what bignesse you intend,
of an indifferent thicknesse, and see as neere as you can, that it bee
free from fire flawes. First beat it as smooth as you can with a
hammer, then rub it smooth with a pumice stone that is void of gravell,
(least it race it, & so cause you as much more labour to get them out)
burnish it after with a burnishing iron, having first dropped a drop or
two of sallet oyle on it: then rub it over with a cole, prepared as is
after taught, and lastly with a peece of beaver hat dipt in sallet
oyle, rub it very well for an houre: thus you may polish it exactly.
_How to prepare your Coales._
Take Beechen charcole, such as when they are broke, doe shine, such as
are void of clifts, and such as breake off even: burne them againe, and
as soone as they are all through on fire, quench them in chamber lye:
after take them out, and put them in faire water, and reserue them for
your use.
Having prepared all things in a readinesse, you must haue a draught of
that you intend to cut or engrave.
Take the plate then, and waxe it lightly ouer, and then either pounce
the picture upon it, or trace it, or by drawing ouer the lines of the
picture with ungummed inke, reprint it upon the Plate: then worke upon
it, obseruing the shadow, so that being printed, it may stand right,
for it will be backward upon your plate: when you haue cut one stroke,
drop a little sallet oyle upon your peece of Bever, and rub over the
said stroke, for by this meanes you shall better see the stroke, and
how to cut the next equall unto it, and so the rest proportionally
distant one from another; but to worke by a Candle, you must place a
glasse of faire water betweene the Candle, and a paper betweene that
and the Plate, (which casteth a true light) or you will never be able
to worke truely and aright.
_Of Etching._
Etching is an imitation of engrauing, but more speedily performed.
Things may be expressed to the life thereby, but not so sweetly as by
the Graver. It is thus performed: the Plate you are to etch upon, must
first exactly be pollished, afterwards ouerlaid but very lightly with a
ground made for the purpose, (of which anon) and thereupon must be
pounced, drawne, or traced, the thing that you are to etch: then the
said ground is to be pierced with diuers stiles of seuerall bignesse
according as the shadowes of the picture doe require: afterwards the
edges of the Plate are to be raised with soft waxe and strong water,
(for so they terme it:) (It is to be had at the signe of the Legge in
_Foster Lane_ a Distiller) is to be put upon it, which in those places
were the strokes, are required to be lightly performed, is to be abated
or alayed with faire water, which hauing dured a while upon the plate,
will eate into it, as it were engraven, then put it into cold water,
and wash it about, and it will leaue eating further, and then take off
the ground and it is done.
_A red ground for Etching._
Take red lead, grinde it very well, and temper it with varnish.
_A white ground._
Take one ounce of Waxe, and two ounces of Rosin, melt them together,
and adde thereto a quarter of an ounce of Venice Ceruse ground fine,
lay it on while it is hot.
_A blacke ground._
Take Asphaltum two parts, Bees waxe one part; melt them together, and
being warme, lay it on very thinly with a fine lawne ragge. If it seeme
somewhat red in any one part, hold it over the smoake of a Linke or
waxe candle, and it will be amended. Note that it is a principall thing
in this Art to lay the ground on aright.
_Another way how to engrave with water._
Take Verdigrease, Mercury sublimated, vitreoll, and allum, a like
quantity, beate all to powder, put them into a glasse, and let it stand
so halfe a day, and stirre it often, then lay on the plate, waxe,
mingled with Linseed oyle, or red lead with Linseed oyle, and write in
it that you meane to grave, then put the water on it, and let it so
remaine halfe a day, if you will have it very deepe, let it lye longer.
If you will engrave Images, &c. lay the waxe on the Iron or Steele,
thin, and draw what you will theron, that it may touch the mettall,
then put the water into the strokes, and it will be engraven.
_How to engrave on a flint stone._
Take a Flint, and write on it what you will, with the fat or tallow of
an Oxe, afterward lay the flint in vineger, foure dayes.
_FINIS._
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[Illustration]
Place this betweene folio 14. and 15.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE BOOKE OF
EXTRAVAGANTS:
Wherein amongst others, is principally
contrived divers excellent and approved
Medicines for severall maladies.
By I. B.
[Illustration]
_LONDON._
Printed by _Thomas Harper_, for _Ralph Mab_. 1634.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Illustration]
To the Reader.
_Courteous Reader, forasmuch as there were divers experiments that I
could not conveniently, or rather my occasions would not permit me to
dispose in such order as I would have done; I thought it would not bee
amisse to call them by the names of Extravagants, and so to set them
downe as I found them, eyther inserted amongst other my notes, as I put
them in practise, or as they came into remembrance._
------------------------------------------------------------------------
_How to make a light burne under the water, being
a very pretty conceypt to take fish._
[Illustration]
Let there be a glasse, as A, having a hole at the bottome, to put a
candle in with a screwed socket. The socket must have a loope at the
bottome, whereunto you must hang a weight of such heavinesse, that it
may draw the body of the glasse under water. The necke of this glasse
must bee open, and stand above the water; also about the necke must bee
fastened a good broad peece of wood; round about which (but on that
side of it that is next unto the water) must be placed divers peeces of
looking glasses; so the light of the candle in the glasse body will bee
multiplied according unto the number of them. All the fishes neere unto
it will resort about it, as amazed at so glorious a sight, and so you
may take them with a cast net or other.
_How to make an image hang in the
middle of a glasse._
Make the lower part of the image of hard wax, and the upper part of
wood, and overlay it with oyle colours; then put it into a globe glasse
filled with fayre water, and which way soever you turne the glasse, the
image will still hang in the middle, and stand as it were upright;
which, to my knowledge, hath been a thing causing no small admiration
among divers that have not understood the cause of it.
_How to make five or six dice of the ordinary bignesse
of dice, such as you may game withall, and
such as would be taken by their lookes to bee
ordinary dice, and yet all of them to
weigh not above one grain._
Take a peece of Elder, and pith it, lay the pith to dry, and then make
thereof with a sharp knife five or six dice, and you shall finde it
true that I haue sayd.
_To lay gold on any thing._
Take red Lead ground first very fine, temper it with linseed oyle:
write with it, and lay leafe gold on it, let it dry, and pollish it.
_To lay gold on glasse._
Grinde Chalk, and red Lead, of each a like quantity, together, temper
them with linseed oyle, lay it on; when it is almost dry, lay your
leafe gold on it, when it is quite dry polish it.
_To make yron as soft as lead._
Take black flints, powder them very finely; then put the powder in an
iron pan, and make it red-hot, then cast it on a marble stone, till it
be almost cold, then make it red-hot againe, and let it coole, and
grinde it so long till it cleave to the stone, and grinde as it were
clay; then put that in a glasse, and set it under the eaves of a house,
where the Sunne commeth not nigh in the day, then the night after take
out the water that you shall finde in the glasse above the powder, then
take that powder and grinde it with the water, and put it in a
stillatory, and let it still out the halfe; afterward poure the water
againe on the sayd powder, and still it againe with a soft fire; then
take and seethe that water till the halfe bee wasted, then take some
iron blade that is new broke, and put it together, and hold it so a
little while; then take of the water which was sod to the half, and
with a feather lay it first to the one side of the blade, and when the
water is cold, lay it on the other side, and it will soder fast with
this water; and with this water you may make steele as soft as lead. It
is likewise a soveralgne water to help the gout, being anoynted where
the griefe is, for it giveth ease very speedily.
_To colour tin, or copper, &c. of a
golden colour._
Take linseed oyle, set it on the fire, scum it cleane, then put therein
of amber, and aloe hepaticum, a like quantity, then beat and stir all
well together with the oyle till it wax thick; then take it off, and
cover it close, and set it in the earth three dayes: when you would use
it, strike your metall all ouer therewith, and so let it dry, and it
will be of a golden colour.
_To gild iron with a water._
Take running water 3 pound, rochallum 3 pound, and Roman vitreoll one
ounce, of vardigrease one penny waight, saltgem three ounces, orpment
one ounce, boyle all these together, and when it begins to boyle, put
in lees of tartar and bay salt, of each halfe an ounce; make it seethe,
and being sod a pretty while, take it from the fire, and strike the
iron over therewith, then let it dry against the fire, and then burnish
it.
_To soder on iron._
Set your joynt of iron as close as you can, then lay them so in a
glowing fire; then take of Venice glasse in fine powder, and the iron
being red-hot, cast the powder thereon, and it shall soder of it selfe.
If you clap it in clay, it will be the surer way.
_To gild on iron or steele._
Take one ounce of argall, three drammes of vermileon, and two drams of
bol armeniack, with as much aqua vitæ, then work and grinde them all
together on a stone, with linseed oyle; having so done, put thereto
lapis calaminaris as big as a hazell nut, and grinde therewith in the
end three or foure drops of varnish; take it off the stone, and strain
it through a linnen cloth into a stone pot, (for it must bee as thick
as hony) then strike over your iron therewith, and let it dry, and then
lay your gold or silver on, as you would do upon the varnish.
_A varnish like gold, for tin, silver,
or copper._
Take small pots well leaded, then put therein six ounces of linseed
oyle, one ounce of mastick, one ounce of aloes epaticum; make them
altogether in fine powder, and then put it into your sayd pot, and
cover it with such another; yet in the bottom of the uppermost pot make
a small hole, wherein put a small stick with a broad end beneath to
stir the other pot withall, and when the pots are set just together,
close them all about with good clay, and couer them all over also,
leaving the hole open above to stir the other pot with the stick; set
it over the fire, and stir it as often as it seetheth, and when you
will gild, pollish your metall over first, and then strike this over
the metall, and let it dry in the Sunne.
_To lay Gold on Iron, or other mettall._
Take liquid Varnish l.1. Turpentine, & oyle of Lynseed, of each an
ounce: mixe them all together: with this ground you may gild on any
mettall, first striking it upon the mettall, and afterward lay on the
gold or silver. When it is dry, polish it.
_To make Ice that will melt in fire, but not dissolve
in Water._
Take strong water made with saltpeter, allum, and oyle of tartar, of
each, one pound. Infuse them together, then put into them a little
_aqua ardens_, and it will presently coagulate them, and turne them
into ice.
_A cement as hard as stone._
Take powder of Loadstone, and of flints, a like quantity of either, and
with whites of egges, and gumme dragant, make paste, and in a few dayes
it will grow as hard as a stone.
_To make Paper waved like unto marble._
Take divers oyled colours, put them severally in drops upon water, and
stirre the water lightly, and then wet the paper (being of some
thicknesse) with it, and it will be waved like a marble: dry them in
the Sun.
_To make Copper or Brasse have the colour of silver._
Take _Sal Armoniacke_, allum, and salt, of each a like quantity, and
with a little filings of silver, let all be mixt together, then put
them into the fire, that they may be hot, and when they shall cease to
smoke, then with the same powder moystned with spittle, rub your Copper
or Brasse.
_How to make glew to hold things together as fast
as stone._
Take of the powder of tile sheard, two pound, unflakt lyme, foure
pound, oyle of Lynseed, a sufficient quantity to temper the whole
mixure; this is marvellous strong.
_To make a thinne glew._
Take _gluten piscis_, beate the same strongly on an Anvill, till it be
thin; after lay it to soke in water, untill it be come very soft and
tender: then worke it like paste, to make small rowles thereof, which
draw out very thinne, and when you will worke with it, put some of it
into an earthen pot, with a little water, over the embers, and skim the
same very cleane, and let it seeth a little while, then worke with the
same: keeping it still over the fire. With this glew you may fasten
peeces of glasse together.
_To make Iron have the colour of Brasse._
First, polish it well, rub it after with _aqua fortis_, wherein the
filings of brasse are dissolved: the like may bee done with Roman
vitrioll dissolved in vineger and faire water, of each a like quantity.
_To make wood or bone red for ever._
Take the powder of Brazill, mingle it well with milke, but so, that it
be very red, and put therein, either wood or bone, letting it lye in
eight dayes, and it will looke red for ever.
_How with one Candle to make as great a light, as otherwise
of two or three of the same bignesse._
Cause a round and double glasse to be made, of a large size, and in
fashion like a globe, but with a great round hole in the top, and in
the concave part of the uppermost glasse, place a candle in a loose
socket, and at the same hole or pipe which must be made at the side
thereof, fill the same with spirit of wine, or some other cleere
distilled water that will not putrifie, and this one candle will give a
great and wonderfull light, somewhat resembling the sunne beames.
_A Cement for broken Glasses._
Beate the whitest Fish glew with a hammer, till it begin to waxe
cleere, then cut the same into very small pieces, suffering the same to
dissolve on a gentle fire, in a leaded pan, with a few drops of _aqua
vitæ_, then let some other that standeth by, hold both the pieces that
are to bee cemented, over a chafingdish of coles, till they be warme:
and during their heat, lay on the dissolved glew with a fine pensill;
then binde the glasse with wyre or threed, and let it rest till it be
cold.
_An admirable secret of representing the very forme
of Plants, by their ashes, philosophically prepared, spoken
of by _Quertitanus_ and _Angelus salæ_._
Take saith hee, the salt both the fixed and the volatill also. Take the
very spirit, and the phlegme of any herbs, but let them all be rightly
prepared; dissolve them, and coagulate them, upon which if you put the
water stilled from May dew, or else the proper water of the herbe you
would have appear, close them all very well in a glasse for the
purpose, and by the heat of embers, or the naturall heat of ones body,
at the bottome of the glasse, the very forme and Idæa thereof will be
represented: which will suddenly vanish away, the heat being withdrawne
from the bottome of the glasse. As I will not argue the impossibility
of this experiment, so I would be loth to employ mine endeavours,
untill I were expert therein.
_A device to bend glasse Canes, or make any
small worke in Glasse._
[Illustration]
Let there be a vessell of Copper about the bignesse of a common
Foot-ball, as, A, let it have a long Pipe at the top as G, which must
be made so that you may upon occasion screw on lesser, or bigger vents
made for the purpose. Fill this one third part with water, and set it
over a fornace of coals, as E, G, H, I, and when the water beginneth to
heat, there will come a strong breath out of the nose of the vessell,
that will force the flame of a lampe placed at a convenient distance as
K: if you hold your glasse in the extention of the flame it will melt
suddenly; so you may worke what you will thereof. There are that
instead of this globe make use of a Pipe, as A, fastned in a sticke as,
F, of which I have made use, but hold it not so convenient for those
that are not accustomed thereunto.
[Illustration]
_An excellent Water for any Morphue, or scurvinesse
in the Face._
Take of quicke Sulphur 2. ounces, blacke Sope, the rankest and illest
favoured that can bee got: binde them up in a cloth, and hang them in a
pint of the strongest wine-vineger for the space of nine dayes;
herewith wash the Morphue in the Face or elsewhere, and let it dry in
of it selfe. This Water will for the present staine the face with a
yelow collour, which will weare away in time.
_How to soften Iron._
Take of Allum, sal Armoniacke, Tartar, a like quantitie of either, put
them into good vineger, and set them on the fire: heat your Iron, and
quench it therein.
_A good Cement for broken glasses._
Take raw silke, and beat it with glasse, and mixe them together with
the whites of Egges.
_Another._
Take of calcined flints, quicke lyme, and common salt, of each a like
quantity: mingle them all together with the whites of Egges; then take
a linnen cloth and spread it over with this mixture, and put it upon
the fracture, and let it dry; afterwards annoint it with Linseed oyle.
_How to cause that the same quantitie both of powder
and shot discharged out of the same peece
shall carry closer, or more scattering._
Take the quantitie of a pease of Opium, and charge it amongst the shot;
and this will make the shot to flie closer together then otherwise it
would. This I had of a Sea-man, who had made triall hereof, as he said,
and unto whom I sold some for the same purpose.
_A Baite to catch Fish with._
Take _Cocculus Indiæ_ ℥ ss, Henbane-seeds, and wheaten flower, of each
a quarter of an ounce, hive honey as much as will make them into paste.
Where you see most store of Fish in the River, cast of this paste into
it in divers little bits about the bignesse of barley cornes, and anon
you shall see the fish swimme on the top of the water, some reeling to
and fro as drunken, others with their bellies upwards as if they were
nigh dead; so that you may take them either with your hands, or a small
net at the end of a sticke made for the same use. Note here, that if
you put the Fish that you thus take, into a bucket of faire and fresh
water, or if it raine after that you have cast this your bait into the
water, they will revive and come to themselves to your admiration; and
this was told me by a Gentleman of good credit, that hath often made
use thereof.
I have heard that the stinking oyle drawne out of the roots of Polipody
of the oake by a retort, mixed with Turpentine, and hive-honey, and
being anointed upon the bait will draw the fish mightily thereto, and
make them bite the faster: and I my selfe have seene fishes, as Roches,
and taken in the dead time of Winter with an angle, bayted onely with
paste made of Wheaten flowre, but it hath beene in the morning, and
when the Sunne hath shined.
_How to write without inke that it may not be seene,
unlesse the paper be wet with water._
Take some Vitriol, and powder it finely, and temper it with faire water
in any thing that is cleane, when it is dissolved, you may write
whatsoever you will with it, and it cannot be read, except you draw it
through water wherein some powder of galls hath beene infused, and so
it will shew as blacke as if it had beene written with inke.
_How to make white letters in a blacke Feild._
Take the yelke of a new layd egge, and grinde it upon a marble with
faire water, so as you may write with it: having ground it on this
wise, then with a penne dipt into it, draw what letters you will upon
paper, or parchment, and when they are through drie, blacke all the
paper over with inke; and when it is drie, you may with a knife scrape
all the letters of that you wrote with the yelke of the egge, and they
will shew faire and white.
_How to sodder upon Silver, Brasse, or Iron._
There are two kindes of Sodder, to wit, hard Sodder, and soft Sodder.
The soft Sodder runneth sooner then the hard: wherefore if a thing be
to be sodered in two places, which cannot at one time well be
performed, then the first must be sodered with hard soder, and the
second with soft: for if the first be done with soft, it will unsoder
againe before the other be sodered. Note, that if you would not have
your soder to runne over any one part of the peece to be sodered, you
must rub over that part with chalke that you would not have it runne
upon.
Note likewise that your soder must be beaten thinne, and then laid over
the place to be sodered, which must be first fitted together, and bound
with wyer as occasion shall require. Then take Burras, powder it, and
temper it with water like pap, and lay it upon the soder, and let it
drie upon it by the fire: Afterwards cover it with quicke coals, and
blow them up, and you shall see your soder run immediately: then
presently take it out of the fire, and it is done.
_Hard Soder is thus made._
Take a quarter of an ounce of silver, and a three penie weight of
copper, melt them together, and it is done.
_Soft Soder is thus made._
Take a quarter of an ounce of silver, and a three penie weight of
brasse, melt them together, and it is done.
_How to gild Silver, or Brasse, with water-gold._
First take about ℥. ii. of quicke silver, put it into a little melting
pot, and set it over the fire, and when it beginneth to smoke, put into
it an angel of fine gold: then take it off presently for the gold will
presently be dissolved in the quicke silver, which if it be too thinne,
you may through a peece of fustian straine a part of the quicke-silver
from it. Note likewise that your silver, or brasse, before you go about
to gild it, must be boyled in argol, and beare, or water, and
afterwards scratcht with a wyer brush: then rub the gold, and
quicke-silver upon it, and it will cleave unto it, then put your siluer
or brasse upon quicke coales untill it begin to smoke: then take it
from the fire, and scratch it with your wyer brush: Do this so often
till you have rubd the quicke-silver as cleane off as you can, then
shall you perceive the gold to appeare of a faint yellow colour, which
you may make to shew faire with sal armoniacke, bole armoniacke, and
vardigrece ground together, and tempered with water.
_How to take smoake of Tobacco through a glasse
of water._
First fill a pinte glasse with a wide mouth, almost full of faire
water: fill also a pipe of Tobacco, and put the pipe upright into the
glasse of water, so that the end of the pipe may almost touch the
bottome of the glasse: then take another crooked pipe, and put it into
the glasse, but let the end thereof not touch the water: waxe then the
mouth of the glasse, that no ayre may come in nor out, but at the
pipes: then put fire unto the Tobacco, and sucke with your mouth, at
the end of the crooked pipe, and you shall see the smoake of the
Tobacco penetrate the water, and breake out of a bubble, and so come
into your mouth.
_To colour Ivory or any other bones, of an excellent
greene colour._
Take _aqua fortis_, wherein dissolue as much Copper, as the said water
is able, then let the bones that you would have coloured, lye in the
same all night, and they will be like a Smaragdin colour: _Mizaldus_.
_How to make birds drunke, so that you may take them with
your hands._
Take such meate as they loue, as Wheate, Barley, and lay the same to
steepe in the lees of Wine, or else in the juyce of Hemlockes, and
sprinckle the same in places where Birds use to haunt.
_A way to catch Crowes._
Take the Liuer of a Beast, and cut it in diuers pieces, put then into
each piece, some of the powder of _nux vomica_, and lay these pieces of
Liuer in places where Crowes and Rauens haunt. Anon after they haue
eaten them, you may take them with your hands, for they cannot flye
away.
_How to take Crowes or Pigeons._
Take white Pease, and steepe them eight or nine daies in the Gall of an
Oxe: then cast the same where they use to haunt.
You may make Partridges, Duckes, and other birds drunke, so that you
may take them with your hand: if you set blacke wine for them to drinke
in those places whereunto they resort.
_Another._
Take Tormentill, and boile it in good wine: put into it Barley or other
graine: Sprinckle this in those places you haue appointed to take Birds
in, and the Birds will eate the pieces amongst the graine, which will
make them so drunke, that they cannot flye away. This should be done in
the winter; and when it is a deepe snow.
_Another way to take Birds._
Make a paste of barley meale, onion blades, and Henbane seeds; set the
same upon seuerall little boards, or pieces of tiles, or such like, for
the birds to eate of it.
_How to make Brasse white for ever._
Take Egge shels, and burne them in a melting pot: then powder them, and
temper them with the whites of Egges; let it stand so three weekes:
heate your brasse red hot, and put this upon it.
_How to make Marble._
Take ℥ vj. of quicke Lime, put it into a pot, and poure upon it, one
pinte of good wine: let it stand fiue or sixe dayes, stirring it once
or twice a day: then poure off the cleare, and therewith temper flint
stones calcined, and made into fine powder, then colour it, and make of
it what you please, and let them dry.
_How to whiten copper._
Take a thin plate of copper, heat it red-hot divers times, and
extinguish it in common oyl of tartar, and it will be white.
_To make Saltpeter._
Take quick lyme, and poure warm water upon it, and let it stand six
dayes, stirring it once or twice a day: take the cleare of this, and
set it in the Sunne untill it bee wasted, and the Saltpeter will
remaine in the bottom.
_How to make Corall._
Take of red Lead ground, ℥. I. vermilion finely ground, ℥ ss.
unquenched lyme, and powder of calcined flints, of each ℥ vj. these
powders must bee tempered with a _Lixivium_ that is made with quick
lyme and wine: adde unto the whole a little salt; then make thereof
what you list; then boyle them in linseed oyle.
_How to make Pearles of Chalk._
Take some Chalk, and put it into the fire; there let it lie untill it
break: temper it then with the whites of _egs_. Then make of it divers
fashions of Pearles, both great and small: wet them being dried, and
cover them with leafe gold, and they are done.
_An approved and excellent plaster for ach in the
raines of the back, or in any other part
whatsoever._
Take one pound of black Sope, and foure ounces of frankincense, and a
pinte of white wine vineger: boyle all together upon a gentle fire,
untill it be thick; spread it then upon a lether, and apply it unto the
grieved place. If the ach bee very great and fervent, then adde unto it
a little _aqua vitæ_, and it will be much better.
_An excellent oyntment for the Shingles, Morphew,
Tetters, and Ringwormes._
Take a quarter of a pound of sope, and mingle with it two drams of the
powder of black Ellebor, litharge of silver in fine powder, two ounces,
vardigrease halfe an ounce, and a quarter of an ounce of glasse in
powder, and as much quicksilver, make them all into an oyntment by
stirring them well together; wherewith anoynt the grieved parts. This
is approved and true.
_An excellent Balme, or water for grievous sore eyes,
which commeth either of outward accident, or
of any inward cause._
Take two spoonfuls of the juyce of Fennell, and one spoonfull and a
halfe of the juyce of Celandine, and twice as much hony as them both;
then boyle them a little upon a chafingdish of coales, and scum away
the dregs which will ascend, but first let it coole somwhat, and then
let it run through a fayre cleane cloth: then put it into a violl of
glasse, and stop it close. Put a little quantity of this into the eye.
This medicine is approved, and more precious than gold.
_A speedy way to asswage the paine of any scald, or
burne, though never so great, and to take
the fire out of it._
Take old lawn rags, dip them into Runnet, for want of it dip them into
verges, and apply them cold upon the grieved place, shifting them for
halfe an houre together, as oft as they dry: this I have known to give
ease in an instant, and quickly to take out the fire.
_An approved oyle for to heale any burne
or scald._
Take of housleek one handfull, and of brooklime as much, boyle them in
a quart of creame untill it turne unto an oyle; boyle it very gently:
with this oyle a little warmed, anoint the grieved place twice a day,
and it will soone make it well.
_An oyntment, very excellent and often proued,
for the same._
Take a good quantity of mosse scraped from off a stone wall, fry it in
a fryingpan with a call of mutton suet a good while, then straine it,
and it is done. Dresse the grieved part therewith once or twice a day,
as you shall see fitting.
_Another oyntment for a burne._
Take one part of sallet-oyle, and two parts of the whites of egs, beat
them together exceeding well, untill they come to be a white oyntment,
wherein dip the feather of a black hen, and anoynt the grieved place
divers times every day, untill such time as the scales fall off, using
in the meane while neither clothes nor any outward binding. This, sayth
_Minshet_ the authour, though it seeme to be a thing of no estimation,
yet was there never found any more effectuall for a burn than it is.
_An excellent oyntment for a green wound._
Take foure handfuls of Clownes, Allheale, bruse it, and put it into a
pan, and put to it foure ounces of barrowes grease, sallet-oyle halfe a
pound, Bees wax a quarter of a pound; boyle them all untill the iuyce
be wasted; then straine it, and set it over the fire againe, and put
unto it two ounces of Turpentine, then boyle it a little while more,
and it is done. Put hereof a little in a saucer, and set it on the
fire, dip a tent in it, and lay it on the wound, but first lay another
plaister round about the wound, made of diapalma mollified a little
with oyle of Roses. This cureth very speedily all greene wounds, as
saith M. _Gerard_.
_A Balsam of wonderfull efficacy._
Take Burgundie pitch, brimstone, and white frankincense, of each one
ounce: make them into an oyntment with the whites of egges: first draw
the lips of the wound, or cut, as close as you can, then lay on some of
this spread upon a cloth, and swathe it ouer afterwards.
_An excellent healing Water, which will drie up any
old sore, or heale any greene wound._
Take a quarter of a pound of Bolearmoniacke, powder it by it selfe,
then take an ounce of Camphire, powder it also by it selfe: also take
foure ounces of white Coppras in powder: mixe the Coppras and Camphire
together, and put them into a melting pot, and set them on the fire,
untill they turne unto water: afterwards stirre it untill it come to be
as hard as a stone: then powder it againe, and mixe it with the
Bolearmoniacke: keepe this powder close in a bladder, when you would
use it, take one pinte and a halfe of faire water, set it on the fire,
and when it is even ready to boyle, put into it three spoonfuls of the
powder; then take it off from the fire, and put it into a glasse, and
let it stand untill it be cleare at the top, then take of the clearest,
and wash the sore very warme therewith, and dip a cloth foure double in
the same water, and binde it fast about the sore with a rowler, and
keepe it warme: dresse it thus twice a day.
_A Water for a Fistula._
Take one pint of white wine, 1 ounce of juyce of Sage, three penie
weight of Borace in powder, Camphire in powder the weight of foure
pence: boyle them all a prettie while on a gentle fire, and it is done:
Wash the Fistula with this water, for it is certainly good, and
approved to be true.
_A Water for the Toothache._
Take ground ivie, salt, and spearemint, of each an handfull: beat them
very well together, then boile them in a pint of vineger; straine it,
and put a spoonfull of it into that side that aketh, and hold downe
your cheeke.
_Another Water approved for the same._
Take red rose leaves halfe a handfull, Pomegranate-flowers as many, two
gaules sliced thinne: boyle them all in three quarters of a pint of red
wine, and halfe a pint of faire water untill the third part be wasted:
then straine it, and hold a little of it in your mouth a good while:
then spit it out, and take more. Also if there be any swelling on your
cheeke, apply the strainings betweene two clothes as hot as may be
suffered. This I have knowne to do good unto divers in this Citie, when
as they have beene extreamely pained.
_To make a Water for the eyes._
Take _Lapis Calaminaris_, and burne it in the fire nine times, and
quench it in white wine, and beat it into powder, and when you use it,
put it into rose-water, and drop the water into the eye.
_For Deafenesse._
Take a good quantitie of Camomill, and two handfuls of greene
Wormewood, and seethe them in a pot of running water till they be very
well sodden, and put a funnell over it, and let the steame go up into
the eare, and then go to bed warme, and stop your eare with a little
blacke wooll, and a grain of Civet: do this morning and evening, and
with Gods assistance you shall finde ease.
_An excellent Electuary for the Cough, Cold
or against Flegme._
Take of Germander, Hissope, Horehound, white Maidenhaire, Agrimony,
Bettony, Liverwort, Lungwort, and Harts-tongue, of each one handfull:
put these to nine pints of water, and let them boyle to three pints;
then let it coole and straine it. To this juyce put of clarified honey
halfe a pound, fine powder of Liquorice fiue ounces, fine powder of
Enulacampana root three ounces, boyle them to the thicknesse of an
Electuary. Take of this at any time, but specially in the morning
fasting, as also at night when you go to bed, or two houres after
supper, the quantitie of a Wallnut or Nutmeg.
_A very excellent salve to heale, well proved, for
any old sore, or new wound._
Take of Waxe, Rosin, Sheeps suet, Turpentine, of each a like quantitie,
Sallet oyle also as much: mixe them all together, and take the juyce of
Smallach, of Planten, of Orpin, of Buglosse, of Comfery, of each a like
quantitie: let them boyle untill the iuyce of the hearbes be consumed;
and in the seething put a quantitie of Rose-water, and it will be a
very good Salue.
_A soveraigne Water to heale a greene wound:
and to stanch bloud._
Take a pottle of running water, and put thereto foure ounces of Allum,
and one ounce of Copras, and let them seethe to a quart, and then
straine it, and keepe it in a glasse, and wash the wound, and wet a
cloth, and lay to the fore, and with Gods helpe it will soone be healed.
_For the Byting of a mad Dogge._
Take brine, and bathe the wound: then burne Claret wine, and put in a
little Mithridate, and so let the patient drinke it; Then take two live
pigeons, cut them through the middle, and lay them hot to his hand if
he be bitten in the armes. If in his legges, to the sole of his feet.
_An Oyle for any Ach._
Take a pound of unwashed butter, and a handfull of red mints, and a
handfull of camomill, a handfull of rew, two ounces of oyle of Exeter:
stamp the herbs to a juyce, and boyle them with the butter; straine
them in a cloth, and rub them out very well: this so done, take the
oyle of Exeter, and put to them, and stir them well together, and put
them into a gally pot, and where the ach is anoint the place against
the fire, and lay a browne paper on it, and wrap a cloth about the
place, and keepe it warme: proved to be excellent.
_To stanch the bleeding of a cut._
Take a peece of a felt hat, and burne it to a coale; beat it to powder,
and put it in the cut, and it will stanch the bleeding presently. Or
else apply linnen rags that in the spring of the yeere have beene often
washed in the sperm of frogs, and afterward dried in the Sunne.
_For an ague, to bee layd to the wrists._
Take a handfull of soot, a spoonfull of bay salt, halfe a spoonfull of
pepper; bruse them together, and temper them with two yelks of egs;
spread it on a cloth, and lay it to the wrists.
_Almond milke for the cough of the lungs._
Take foure spoonfuls of French barly well washed, and boyle it in three
wine pints of faire water, unto a pint and a halfe; then take it from
the fire, and let it coole, and settle; then take the cleere liquor,
and straine therewith a quarter of a pound of sweet almonds blanched,
and beaten; then set it on the fire, and let it boyle a while till it
begin to grow thick; then beat two yelks of egs, and put them to it;
stirre them well together, and put to it as much fine suger as will
sweeten it, and a spoonfull of damask rose water, and so let it boyle a
while longer, till it be as thick as good creame; eat of it warm twice
or thrice a day, but at breakfast especially.
_For a scald head._
Take a pinte of running water, and as much Mercury as a good walnut,
three or foure branches of Rosemary; boyle these all together till a
third part be boyled away, or thereabout, and every morning and evening
wash the infected place with some of this water cold, and a quarter of
an houre after or lesse anoint the place with lamp oyle, and every
morning after the first dressing try to pull up some of the hayre as
easily as you can: have care where you set this water, for it is
poyson. If you shave the head, and apply a plaster called _Emplastrum
Cephalicum cum Euphorbio_, it is also excellent.
_For to heale a red face that hath many
pimples. Proved._
Take foure ounces of barrowes grease, and as much oyle of bayes, halfe
an ounce of quicksilver killed with fasting spettle, then take two
spoonfuls of wilde tansie water, or honisuckle water, and let all be
ground in a morter three houres at the least, untill you see nothing of
the quicksilver, and so keep it close in a glasse; the older, the
better; and when you go to bed anoint the face, and look that you keep
it from your eyes.
_To wash the Face, if it be given to heat._
Take Snailes, beat them shels and bodies together: steep them a night
in new milke: then still them with the flowers of white Lillies.
_To make Vsquebach._
Take a gallon of the smallest _Aqua vitæ_ you can make, put it into a
close vessell of stone; put thereto a quart of Canary Sacke, two pounds
of Raisons of the Sunne stoned, but not washed, two ounces of Dates
stoned, and the white skinnes of them pulled out, two ounces of Cinamon
grossely bruised, foure good Nutmegs bruised, foure good Liquorish
sticks sliced, and bruised, tye up all your Spices in a fine linnen
cloth, and put them into your _Aqua vitæ_, and tye up your pot very
close, and let this infuse a weeke, stirring it three times a day, then
let it runne through a jelly bagge close covered; keepe it in glasse
bottles.
_To make Almond Butter._
Take two pound of Almonds, and blanch them, and let them lye all night
in cold water: then grinde them in a mortar very small, and put in a
blade of Mace or two; then straine it through a strong cloth as neare
as you can, that the milke be not too thin, and let it seethe a prettie
while: then put in a little Rose-water, and a little salt when you take
it off the fire, and stirre it still: then take a bigge cloth very
cleane, and let two hold it; then you must take the milke and cast it
round about the sides of the cloth that the whay may come from it; then
with a saucer put it downe from the sides: then knit the cloth, and
hang it up untill it have left dropping; then take it forth, and season
it with fine Sugar and Rose-water.
_To make Ielly for one that is in a Consumption, or
troubled with a loosenesse._
Take the feet of a Calfe, and when the haire is cleane scalded off,
slit them in the middle, and cut away all the blacke veines, and the
fat, and wash them very cleane, and so put them in a bucket of faire
water, and let them lye foure and twentie houres, and in that time the
oftner you shift them in faire water it will be the better; then set
them on the fire in two gallons of water, or somewhat lesse, and let
them boyle very softly, continually taking off the scumme and fat which
riseth; and when the liquour is more then halfe boyled away, put into
it a pinte and a halfe of white wine, and as it boyleth there will come
a foule scumme upon it, take it off still cleane, and when the Ielly is
boyled enough, you may know, for your fingers will sticke to the
spoone; then take it from the fire, and with a Cullender take out all
the bones and flesh, and when the Ielly is almost cold, beat the whites
of sixe Egges, and put into it, and set it on the fire againe, and so
let it boyle till it be cleare: then straine it through a cleane cloth
into a Bason, and so let it stand all night long; the next morning put
it into a skellet, and put to it a pound of Sugar, halfe an ounce of
Cinamon broken in peeces, one ounce of Nutmegs, an ounce of Ginger
bruised, and a good quantitie of large Mace; boyle all these together
till it taste of the Spices as much as you desire, and when it is
almost cold, take the whites of six egs, and beat them, and put into
it, and set it on the fire, and when it riseth wilde it in halfe a pint
of white wine; then strain it through a jelly bag.
_To stay the flux._
Take Date stones, and beat them to fine powder, and take the quantity
of one of them, and drink it with posset drink, or beere; use these two
or three mornings together, and after as often as you finde occasion;
this is very good.
In the month of May gather of the reddest Oak leaves you can get, and
still them, and when need requireth make pap thereof, mingled with milk
or fine flower, suger, and Cinamon, as oft as your stomack serveth to
eat it.
_To make green Ink._
Take greene bice and grinde it with gum water, and if you will have it
a sadder green, put a little saffron to the grinding.
_To make blew Ink._
Take fine flower, and grinde it with a little chalk, and allum, and
then put it in a violl.
_For an Ague._
Take a handfull of hartstong that groweth in the field, and a handfull
of bay salt, and beat them both together in a morter, and lay this to
both the wrists.
_A water good against the plangs, or to be given
after a surfet._
Take red Sage, Celendine, Rosemary, Hearbegrace, Wormwood, Mugwort,
Pimpernell, Dragons, Scabious, Egrimony, _Rosa solis_, and Balme, of
each a handfull, or like quantity by weight; wash and shake them in a
cloth; then shred and put them into a gallon of white wine, with a
quarter of an ounce of Gentian roots, and as much of Angelica roots;
let it stand two dayes and two nights close covered, and then distill
it at your pleasure, and stop the glasse very close in which you keep
the same.
_To avoyd urine that stopped with
the stone._
Take as much black sope as a walnut, temper it with eight or ten leaves
of English saffron, spread it upon a round leather as big as the palme
of your hand, and cover the navell of your belly therewithall, and it
shall cause you to make water.
_For the stone and strangury._
Take the filmes that is within the mawes of geese, and let them bee
purely dried, and then make powder thereof, and drink it with stale
ale, and it will help him with Gods grace. Proved.
_For scald heads._
Take green Coperas, and mingle it with creame till it bee turned
yellow, and let it stand three or foure dayes: then take primrose
roots, leaves and all, with May butter, and beat the roots and leaves
in the butter, and boyle them together with a little beere and butter,
and let it touch no salt.
_To cure an old Vlcer._
Take a quart of the strongest Ale that is to be gotten, or brewed,
halfe a pint of raw honey, two ounces of roch allum beaten, halfe a
pint of Sallet oyle, and the quantitie of a Tennis ball of common
washing Sope, one ounce of stone pitch beaten; one ounce of Rosin
beaten, two ounces of yellow waxe: boyle all these together, and
straine them through a thin linnen cloth; and this will cure any old
Vlcer.
_A Water to cleanse, and mundifie old rotten
sores and ulcers._
Take a wine pint of stilled water of Planten, as much white wine; put
therein two ounces of Roch allum, a dramme of Verdigrease, a dramme of
Mercurie sublimed: boyle all these together, and keepe them in a thicke
glasse being stoped with waxe very close that the strength go not out;
this will cleanse and mundifie old sores: It will also heale a Fistula
if you use a siering, so that the water may come to the bottome of the
sore.
_The Medicine of medicines proved for
the Stone._
Take a quantity of eg-shels, wash them cleane; those are the best
whereout chickens are come; dry them very dry in an oven, or betweene
two tile stones; then make powder thereof, searce it, and mingle it
with sugar, or powder of licoras to give it taste, and let him use it
as often as hee needeth, morning and evening, either with Rhenish wine,
white wine, or stale ale, a spoonfull of the powder at a time, and use
to make water in a cleane bason, and so you shall see the deliverance
hereof.
_A precious water for the sight._
Take Smallage, Fennell, Rew, Verveine, Egrimony, Daffadill, Pimpernell,
and Sage, and still them with breast milk together with five drams of
frankincense, and drop of it in your eyes each night: often proved.
_For the Fluxe to stay it._
Take the yolke of an Egge, and beat it, then mixe with it one grated
Nutmegge, and lay it on an hot tyle stone to bake, and eate thereof
fasting, and before Supper, and after meales, and it will stay it.
Often proved to be excellent.
_A good Powder for the Gout._
Take fine Ginger the weight of two groats, and Enula campane-roots
dryed, the weight of foure groats, of Liquorish the weight of eight
groats, of Sugar-candy three ounces; beat all these into a powder,
searce them fine, and then mingle them together, and drinke thereof
morning and evening, and all times of the day. Approved.
_A speciall Medicine for the
Collicke._
Take Horehound halfe an handfull, of Sage, and Hysope of either as
much, twelve leaves of Betony, of Centaury sixe crops, one
Alexander-root, foure penie weight of Enula-campana roots powdered,
Spikenard of Spaine one penie worth; seethe all these in three quarts
of fine wort to a pottle, and draw it through a linnen cloth, and take
three spoonfuls at once morning and evening.
_To take away rednesse of burning of
the Eyes._
Take the white of an Egge, and beat it very well with a spoonfull or
two of red Rose-water, then put thereto the pap of a rosted apple,
mingle them well together, and spread it upon a little Flaxe; so lay it
on the eye, binding it on with a linnen cloth.
_For the Rheume in the Eyes._
Take the white of an Egge, and so much Bolearmoniacke as will thicken
it, and spread it on a round plaister of sheeps leather, and lay it on
the temples on that side the Rheume is.
_The Oyntment for the same._
Take _Lapis Tutiæ_ and burne it in a fire-shovell of quicke coales,
quench it in a poringer of womans milke, do so halfe a score times,
then grinde it in a cleane morter till it be very fine powder, then
mingle it with fresh Barrows grease till it looke russet: anoint your
eyes with a little of it when you go to bed.
_For Deafenesse._
Take Rew, and rub it betweene the palmes of your hands untill it be so
brused that you may make thereof a tent; then dip it in sweet sallet
oyle, and put in each eare one, so that you may pull them forth againe.
This doe for seven or eight dayes, and change the tent every day.
_Another._
Take a quarter of a pinte of Angelica water, of _Cardus Benedictus_
water, and of white wine, of either a like quantity: mingle them
together, dividing the same into two equall parts; drink it in two
severall mornings: then the next night after the taking of the second
draught of water, take the fish of an oyster, and put it into a fayre
linnen cloth, and stop the same into the eare that is thickest of
hearing, and lie on that side as long as you can: in the morning pick
that eare as cleane as you can, and after that take a draught of the
best ale you can get, with a toast of houshold bread toasted very dry,
a reasonable quantity of nutmegs; use the same every morning for five
or six dayes, fasting after the taking hereof two houres, every time
you take it.
_For the cough of the lungs._
Take two handfuls of Rosemary, and strip it of the stalk, one of
Hissop, and seethe them in a pottle of running water, till it come to a
quart, and then put a quarter of a pound of fine sugar, and let it
seethe a little, and scum it, drink it morning and evening.
_A present remedie for all manner aches, and
bruises in the Bones._
Take a good quantitie of Wallwort, and a certaine quantity of Balme,
and Smallach, and stamp them, and take a pound of May Butter, and
temper them very well together, then make them into round bals, and let
them lye for the space of eight dayes after, and then stampe them again
as you did before; then take it, and fry it, and straine it, and put it
into an earthen pot: This will helpe the bruise, be it never so blacke.
_For burning, or scalding._
To take out the fire, beat onyons very small, and binde them to the
place. To heale it, take halfe a pound of sheeps suet, as much sheeps
dung, a quarter of a pound of the inner rinde of an Elder tree, and a
little Housleeke: fry them altogether, and straine it, and use it as a
plaister, or make a serecloth of it, and apply it to the grieved part.
_For Burstnesse of old, or young._
Take nine red Snailes, lay them betweene two tyles of clay, so that
they creepe not nor slide away, and bake them in the hot embers, or in
an oven, till they may be powdered, then take the powder of one of the
Snailes, and put it in white wine, and let the patient drinke it in the
morning at his rising, and fast two houres after, and drinke these nine
Snailes in eighteene dayes, that is, every other day one. And if the
sicknesse be so old that it will not heale in eighteene dayes, begin
againe, and drinke other nine Snailes, and he shall be whole. _Probatum
est._
_A Salve for all sores._
Take a pound of sheepes-tallow, and a pound of Turpentine, and a pound
of Virgin waxe, a pint of Sallet oyle, a quarter of a pound of Rosin:
take also Bugle, Smallach, and Plantaine halfe the quantitie of the
other, or so much as will make a pint just: boyle all these together
upon a soft fire of coales, alwayes stirring it till a third part be
consumed; then take it from the fire, and straine it through a new
canvas cloth into an earthen pot.
_For Bleeding._
Take a blacke Toade in May, drie it betweene two tile stones, and hang
it in Sarcenet about the parties necke.
_To procure sleepe._
Take Betony, Roseleaves, Vinegar, Nutmeg, and the crummes of Rye-bread:
put this in a cloth warme to the poll of the head.
_For the Cough._
Two handfuls of last Saverie, steepe it five dayes in white wine
vineger, put into the vineger halfe an ounce of Pepper, at the five
dayes end draine out the vineger, and as soone as the bread is drawne,
set them in a Pewter dish into the oven, and stop it up, and let them
stand all night. In the morning take them out of the Oven and powder
them. Take of this powder and drinke it with Sacke, so much of it as
will lye on a three-pence.
_A Gargill for the Vvula._
Take a pint of good strong Ale, and as much Sacke, and a good quantitie
of long pepper, and bruise it grossely, and boyle it from a quart to a
pinte, and let the parties gargle their mouthes, and throats as warme
as they may suffer it.
If the pallat of the mouth be downe, it will fetch it up.
_For Deafnesse very excellent good._
Take the hoofes of the Neats feet after they be sodden, and hold them
in a cloth so warme as may be to your eare, divers times together one
after another: they will last to be warmed in the same they were sodden
in some three or foure dayes without sowring.
_FINIS._
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transcriber's note:
Variable capitalisations and hyphenations in the original have been
retained.
Unusual and multiple spellings in the original have been retained.
All scribal abbreviations have been expanded.
All instances of 'VV' standing in for 'W' have been changed to 'W.'
First Booke
_Title Page:_
Comma inserted after 'workes,' "The first of water workes, The"
_To The Reader:_
'me' changed to 'be,' "hap as hap may be"
_How to harden Leather:_
'grinstone' changed to 'grindstone,' "under a grindstone, into"
_Experiments of forcing water by ayer compressed:_
'hol' and 'low' joined, "a round hollow ball"
_Experiments of forcing water by Engins:_
Full stop added after 'side,' "from it on the side. Having thus"
_Experiments of producing sounds by Engins:_
'de-' struck from 'de-desired,' "to expresse your desired tune"
Second 'it' struck, "it will play upon the bels"
_How to make the double perpendicular glasse:_
Second 'the' struck, "it will suck up the water"
_How to make the treble perpendicular glasse:_
Heading added, "How to make the treble perpendicular glasse."
_A Water-clock, or a Glasse shewing the houre of the day:_
'K, G, G' changed to 'E, F, G,' "the length of the glasse E, F, G"
Second Booke
_A Receipt of a Composition that will kindle with the water:_
'limekill' changed to 'limekiln,' "set it in a limekiln"
Second "Another." heading added.
_How to make Balloones, also the morter Peece to discharge them:_
Full stop and comma exchanged, "with its portfire, O."
_How to make Saucissons:_
Second 'a' struck, "forme having a hole"
_The description and making of three sorts of Fire-lances:_
Second 'and' struck, "staffe, and prime it"
_How to make Rockets for the water:_
Second 'the' struck, "while above the water,"
Third Booke
_A Carnation, or Flesh-colour:_
'Canation' changed to 'Carnation,' "A Carnation, or Flesh-colour."
_A good yellow:_
Comma changed to full stop, "with gum-water. Sad it with"
_To temper Azure or Bise:_
'of' changed to 'or' in heading, "To temper Azure or Bise."
The Booke of Extravagants
_To make Iron have the colour of Brasse:_
'wherin' changed to 'wherein,' "aqua fortis, wherein the filings"
_A good Cement for broken glasses:_
Sub-heading 'Another.' italicised.
_An excellent oyntment for the Shingles, Morphew, Tetters, and
Ringwormes:_
'anyont' changed to 'anoynt,' "wherewith anoynt the grieved parts."
_To make Almond Butter:_
'prettle' changed to 'prettie,' "let it seethe a prettie while:"
_To stay the flux:_
'cinamom' changed to 'Cinamon,' "or fine flower, suger, and Cinamon"
_To make blew Ink:_
'Tae' changed to 'Take,' "Take fine flower, and grinde"
_For Deafenesse:_
Sub-heading 'Another.' added.
*** End of this LibraryBlog Digital Book "The Mysteryes of Nature and Art - Conteined in foure severall Tretises, The first of water - workes, The second of Fyer workes, The third of Drawing, - Colouring, Painting, and Engraving, The fourth of divers - Experiments, as wel serviceable as delightful: partly - Collected, and partly of the Authors Peculiar Practice, - and Invention" ***
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