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Title: The Alberta Public School Speller - Authorized by the Minister of Education for Alberta
Author: Anonymous
Language: English
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Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=.
Breves and macrons are accurately represented (ă ĕ ā ē etc). Letter e
with a dot above is represented by ė. Letters a and u with a diaeresis
underneath are shown as a̤ ṳ (using Unicode combining diacritical).
Obvious punctuation errors have been corrected after careful
comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation
of external sources.
More detail can be found at the end of the book.
THE ALBERTA
PUBLIC SCHOOL SPELLER
_Authorized by the Minister of Education for Alberta._
TORONTO
THE COPP, CLARK COMPANY, LIMITED
Copyright, Canada, 1910, by THE COPP, CLARK COMPANY, LIMITED,
Toronto, Ontario.
CONTENTS.
PAGES
Standard I, Grades 1 and 2 1-25
Review of Hard Words 26-30
Standard II, Grade 3 31-54
Review of Hard Words 55-58
Standard III, Junior, Grade 4 59-82
Rules for Spelling 83
Review of Hard Words 84-87
Words Often Mispronounced 88
Standard III, Senior, Grade 5 89-112
Review of Hard Words 113-116
Standard IV, Junior, Grade 6 117-139
Review of Hard Words 140-143
Words Often Mispronounced 144
Standard IV, Senior, Grade 7 145-164
Review of Hard Words 165-167
Small Words 168
Standard V, Junior, Grade 8 169-188
Review of Hard Words 189-191
Rules for Syllabication and Spelling 192
Public School Leaving 193-197
Small Words 198
The Building of English Words 199-200
Prefixes 200-203
Suffixes 203-210
English Root Words and Derivatives 210-212
Latin Words and Derivatives 213-226
Greek Root Words and Derivatives 227-230
Words, Phrases and Noteworthy Sayings 231-236
Abbreviations and Contractions in common use 237-242
CHIEF FEATURES.
=1. Choice of Words.= There has been a careful selection of those
words best suited for the various grades or years in school.
=2. Grouping of Words.= These words have been so grouped as to
favor their being taught economically, and to impress upon the
pupil that spelling rests largely upon a basis of law and order.
In the earlier grades the sequence of lessons gives an orderly
development of phonic forms; by this arrangement spelling and
phonic reading can be made mutually helpful.
=3. Dictation Exercises.= These are so constructed as to give in
the briefest space an adequate test of the words taught. They
should be supplemented by sentences constructed by the pupil,
embodying the new and difficult words he is learning.
=4. Reviews.= There are regular reviews at short intervals. Many
of the hardest words appear several times, but with some change
of context. At the end of each year's work there is given in
alphabetical order a list of the most difficult words used therein.
=5. Seat Exercises.= These exercises are intended to lead the pupil
to make lists of words having a phonic element in common, to show
how words are built up, and, later, to give practice in derivation.
=6. Homonyms.= There has been a systematic use of these throughout
the book, but in the junior grades they are not given together,
in order to prevent the confusion that often results from such a
practice.
=7. Spelling Rules.= There are numerous and varied exercises to
lead, inductively, to a knowledge of the most useful rules for
spelling.
=8. Authority.= The authority usually followed for spelling and
pronunciation is THE CONCISE IMPERIAL DICTIONARY. The pupil should
be taught the system of diacritical marks employed therein.
THE ALBERTA
PUBLIC SCHOOL SPELLER.
STANDARD I.
GRADES 1 AND 2.
1
back
pack
black
Jack
crack
track
see
whip
give
they
bring
horse
cry
were
ducks
SEAT WORK.--Put h, l, s, t, r, sm, st, sl, wh, qu, with --ack
DICTATION.--See Jack on a black hack. Crack the whip, Jack, and give
the horse a whack. Bring back a sack of bran. Ducks cry quack. A pack
of dogs ran to the hay stack. They were on the track of a black fox.
Give me a tack to fix the rack. Bring back the ducks. See Jack whip
the black horse. The dogs track the fox.
2
neck
check
wreck
kick
chick
quick
very
two
house
peas
there
where
yes
play
ship
SEAT WORK.--With --eck put b, p, d, fl, sp; and with --ick put l,
p, s, t, w, br, sl, st, th, tr.
DICTATION.--The wick is very thick. Pick two pecks of peas. Be quick.
Where is the brick house? There is a speck of red on the chick. Is
Jack sick? Yes, Dick hit him with a stick. Play no bad tricks. The
ship was a wreck. See the horse kick. The hen has two chicks. There
are two black dogs. Give me a thick stick.
3
rock
clock
crock
duck
cluck
stuck
boy
toy
girl
new
much
warm
key
little
baby
SEAT WORK.--Put l, d, m, s, bl, fl, sh, st, fr, with --ock; and l,
b, s, t, pl, tr, str, with --uck.
DICTATION.--Hens cluck but ducks quack. That boy has much pluck. The
clock struck two. The key stuck in the lock. That little girl has a
new frock. Tuck baby up warm. I got a toy ship in my sock. A crock of
peas. See the flock of ducks by the rock. There is the little baby.
Bring me a black frock.
NOTE.--Pupils should use the words in the lists and exercises in
sentences of their own.
4
and
sand
grand
hang
sang
sprang
hear
near
church
one
none
done
drum
upon
write
With --and put b, h, l, s; and with --ang put r, b, g, cl, sl.
Copy,--I see her. She sees us. We see you.
Hear the band play. One man bangs the drum. The two boys are in the
grand stand. Hang the key near the clock. That girl sang in church.
Has Jack done one sum? No, he has none yet. Write clang and slang in
ink. Were you near the new church? Dick sprang upon a black horse. I
hear baby cry.
5
king
bring
thing
song
wrong
strong
you
your
wasp
over
fence
mitts
tie
door
bell
Write r, fl, cl, spr, sl, st, str, sw, with --ing; put u for i in
the words in --ing. Copy,--Is that you? Is that he?
Can you spring over that fence? The wasp may sting you. Were your
sums wrong? Yes, all but one. There is a crack in the crock. Bring
a strong string to tie it. Fling me the keys. The swing is long and
strong. Wet mitts cling to your hands. Ring the door bell. She flung
the peas over the door.
6 (REVIEW)
gives
lives
were
one
once
fence
boy
toy
joy
fix
six
mix
such
much
church
Tom lives in a red brick house. Once there was a little black boy. He
sang six songs for the king. Pick up your toys. Fix the fence near
the church. It gives such joy to hear you sing. Do not mix sand and
bran. Where were your mitts? It is wrong to whack your horse so. I
see six stacks of hay. Can Jack write? Give me the ink. I have none.
7
ash
cash
crash
dish
fish
wish
water
snap
have
more
like
pony
finger
knife
words
Put l, s, h, m, r, cl, tr, thr, spl, with --ash.
See the fish splash in the water. The dish fell with a crash. How
much cash have you? Do you wish a little more hash? Snap the new whip
lash. My horse ran like a flash. It is wrong to thrash your pony so.
The jack-knife cut a gash in my finger. Write two more words. Where
is your new knife?
8
fresh
flesh
thresh
hush
rush
thrush
pork
sweet
blood
rye
nose
road
sofa
worm
Mary
Write words like hog with d, l, f, b, j, fl, fr; as, dog. Put g, m,
fl, sl, br, with --ush. Copy,--It is I. It is she. It is we.
Pork is the flesh of hogs. We thresh rye and peas. Hear the sweet
song of the thrush. Is there much slush on the road? See the blood
gush from his nose. See Mary blush! Stop, you may crush the worm.
Brush the plush sofa. Frogs live in fresh water. Do not flog your
pony. See Dick write.
9
lass
mass
bass
glass
less
mess
Bess
bless
hiss
miss
kiss
bliss
loss
moss
boss
gloss
fuss
muss
buss
truss
Put p, gr, br, cl, with --ass; and t, fl, cr, acr, with --oss.
Give the horses less grass. There is a brass lock. Jack got six black
bass. Pack the moss in a glass box. Do not muss your new dress. You
may kiss baby once. Floss has much gloss. Is Miss Bess very cross?
Toss the sack across your back. Less fuss in class! Is there much
glass in that door?
10
fast
last
past
best
nest
chest
blue
birds
year
said
mice
John
coat
half
great
With --est put r, l, j, p, t, v, w; and with --rap put t, st, w,
sc. Add --s to whip, duck, horse, boy, word.
Two blue birds had a nest there last year. Brush your best coat and
vest. Lock fast the chest. John said that in jest. Mice are a great
pest. The church is west from your house. I got two mice in a trap.
Run fast, it is half-past six. He said you were at church. My new
coat is blue. One is the half of two.
11
fist
twist
wrist
dust
trust
crust
wind
make
copy
our
about
books
apple
papa
mamma
Write c, l, t, fr, with --ost; and m, j, b, g, r, thr, with --ust.
Copy,--Is it they? That was I. Is it she?
A gust of wind makes much dust fly. Copy a list of your best books.
That apple pie has a thick crust. Mamma, see the frost on the grass.
Twist a string about your wrist. I must have just one more apple.
Papa trusts me with our pony. How much did your coat cost? They lost
two little dogs near the church.
12 (REVIEW)
about
swing
water
said
where
none
much
smash
pony
gives
great
wrong
clock
fence
thrash
apple
mitts
worm
crust
little
year
quick
peas
finger
once
knife
were
church
half
sweet
Put y, ag, at, ax, ing, ash, ock, eck, op, og, with fl--. With n,
h, r, sh, sp, tr, bl, pl, make words in --ot.
Give Mary more sweet peas. Where was your knife? He said much about
the apples. Water my pony.
13
slant
plant
chant
bent
sent
spent
storm
praise
week
four
what
shop
buy
pair
some
Put c, h, l, y, with --ard; and b, d, m, h, p, l, sp, sh with
--ark. Copy and fill in,--My name is -- --. I am -- years old.
The storm bent the plant. It slants very much. In church we chant the
praise of God. John sent for four socks. The dogs bark in your yard.
What is the rent of your shop? We sent you some apples. Buy a pair of
pants. He spent a week in a tent. John got much praise.
14
hint
flint
print
hunt
grunt
blunt
wolf
plums
story
next
axe
says
noise
river
candy
Write words in --ift with g, l, s, sh, sw, dr. Put a letter with
--lip, --pit, --ring, --wing, --rock. Copy,--Yes, sir, I saw you.
Some men hunt a wolf. Hear the pig grunt. This axe is very blunt.
Will you print our next story? Jack says that apple is hard as flint.
Give him a hint to make less noise. I got a gift of candy and plums.
Can we cross that swift river in a punt? Yes, but you may drift upon
a rock. She says the wolf got over the river.
15
damp
scamp
tramp
bump
thump
stump
lazy
idle
five
work
cent
table
camel
beside
Henry
Change one letter in fl_e_sh, ch_e_ck, _g_ive, _p_ick, cr_u_sh,
gl_o_ss. With --ip put l, sl, sh, sk, ch, dr, tr, str, h, wh.
Lazy tramps will not work. A camel has one or two humps. Pump some
water. Make your pony jump over that stump. Buy a two-cent stamp.
Henry is an idle scamp. Camp beside the river. Last week I had the
mumps. We have five lamps. Baby thumps upon the table. Give me one
cent for candy.
16 (Doubled Letters)
add
odd
Ann
bee
see
egg
all
ill
off
shoo
purr
buzz
any
many
three
even
happy
busy
Put h, j, sh, cl, sl, cr, sw, with --am. Change the marked letter
in w_o_rm, _w_ent, _d_one, bl_o_ck, n_e_ck, _f_ling, _g_ash,
cr_u_sh.
Ann is very ill. Add two and four. Hear the bee buzz. Shoo off any
ducks. Many boys play odd or even. See me jump off the pony. Cats
purr if they are happy. The busy bee works all the day. Buy some eggs
and four black bass. The three fish swam off. Is three odd or even?
How many apples in the sack? There are none. Was Henry busy last
week? Were there many plums on the tree?
17
bank
drank
prank
bunk
drunk
trunk
eye
again
sleep
sailor
often
pear
iron
coal
orange
Put dr, w, p, m, l, bl, th, s, r, br, shr, with --ink; and t, bl,
pl, sp, dr, cr, Fr, with --ank. Copy,--Was it she?
Frank writes in ink on a copy book. Wink your eye again. The iron
trunk sank in the water. Sailors often sleep in bunks. I think that
plank is strong. Thank mamma for the orange and pear. Do not drink
much tea. Give Dick a chunk of coal. I trust he is busy with his
sums. He says he often sees the sailor.
18 (REVIEW)
blue
eye
lazy
crazy
work
word
cent
says
again
iron
often
soften
buy
knife
writes
wrong
many
pear
camel
orange
Papa gives me four cents to buy two pears. He says your eyes are
blue. That idle tramp is not crazy. Write the new words often. Soften
the crust in your tea. Iron my collar again. It was wrong to cut the
table with your jack-knife. Bees are not lazy. How many oranges can
one buy for five cents? Some camels are swift. Jack said he once had
a little black pony. How many eyes have two camels?
19
catch
patch
snatch
Dutch
clutch
crutch
uses
please
rabbit
sew
lady
wears
Scotch
watch
Helen
Put c, d, f, p, t, with --ry; add --ing to each, as cry, crying.
Make new words in --atch with b, h, l, m, sn, th.
Some hens hatch eight eggs. Please sew a patch on my silk skirt. The
Scotch boy uses a crutch. Use an iron latch. That Dutch lady wears a
gold watch. Scratch the match again. Rabbits live in a hutch. Catch
the ball, Helen. Baby may clutch your toys.
20
ditch
witch
switch
fetch
sketch
stretch
scarf
mouth
wide
open
afraid
dirty
herd
oxen
who
Make new words with --itch and h, p, st. Add --s to lock, key,
neck, king, worm, song, wrist, flag, crock, toy.
Fetch me a strong switch. Please stitch my silk scarf. Stretch your
mouth wide open. Is there such a thing as a witch? I am not afraid of
any. The ditch was half full of dirty water. Can you sketch that herd
of oxen? Who are you? Are you afraid?
21
ball
call
all
fall
gall
hall
stall
small
tall
wall
bell
yell
dell
fell
sell
shell
spell
smell
tell
well
bill
kill
still
fill
gill
hill
mill
pill
till
will
doll
collar
dollar
folly
jolly
holly
Molly
Polly
loll
dolly
gull
cull
dull
sully
gully
hull
mull
null
lull
skull
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
Add --y to dirt, dust, sleep, luck, hand, puss, wind.
22
arch
march
starch
birch
perch
torch
along
chop
robin
larch
porch
quickly
does
such
pinch
For b in bench or bunch put Fr, h, l, w, p, st, tr. Make words in
--ig with b, f, g, j, p, r, w, tw.
March along quickly to church. Chop off a branch of birch or larch.
Does the robin perch on your porch? Ask for a small pinch of starch.
Write again in French for a torch. Which do you like best, bass or
perch? Does Helen drink water at lunch? That worm is an inch or two
long. Three and five are eight.
23
talk
walk
chalk
kept
wept
slept
board
knees
Lucy
floor
next
hurt
aunt
uncle
flower
Add --es to box, fox, watch, church, dish, wish, glass, brush,
class, ditch, patch. Copy,--Mr. John Smith; Mrs. Ellen Jones.
Write on the board with chalk. Baby crept on hands and knees. Next
year she will walk and talk. Aunt Lucy wept when you were hurt. How
many flowers on that stalk? I slept till half-past eight. I kept the
candy uncle sent me. She swept the floor. A gully is a ditch made by
water. Buy some collars.
24
stiff
skiff
cliff
cuff
puff
snuff
high
good
smoke
soft
cloth
cheeks
fur
calf
paper
Write all the words that you can make from 'carpet,' 'blacken,'
'holiday.' With --ask put c, m, t, fl.
Iron my cuffs and collars stiff. Uncle uses snuff. Puff out your
cheeks. She lost her fur muff. Papa has a good skiff. See the whiff
of smoke. Stuff paper or soft cloth into the hole. The calf fell from
a high cliff. John makes eight or nine dollars a week.
25 (REVIEW)
catch
please
does
crept
fetch
aunt
uncle
flower
praise
quickly
knife
knees
robin
rabbit
happy
chalk
calf
next
high
table
Helen
eight
said
week
board
Add --ing to buy, work, pull, fall, wink, sleep, bring, ask.
Please, uncle, buy me a pair of rabbits. Which is your knife? Does
John write quickly? Watch the robin fetch four worms. Aunt Helen is
happy. Next week I shall be eight. Please catch the calf. He crept on
his knees to the high table. He said much in praise of flowers. Put
chalk on the board.
26
hung
stung
swung
belt
melt
dwelt
lion
gate
swamp
front
lace
shoe
skate
shelf
silver
Put with --ung s, b, r, cl, fl, sl, spr, str; with --elt, put f,
kn, p, sp. Write a or i for u in the words in --ung.
Some bees stung a great lion. Papa swung me high on the gate. They
dwelt near a swamp. John hung his belt in the front hall. He knelt
to lace his shoe. He slung his skates upon the shelf. Can you melt
silver? Have you strung the glass balls on that string? Ring the bell
at the front door, please.
27
bind
blind
grind
born
horn
thorn
come
waist
melon
grist
wrist
blow
oats
both
Canada
With --ind put f, h, k, m, r, w, bl; with --ond f, b, p. Add --ed
to walk, fix, play, rock, melt, puff, wish, pelt.
Little Boy Blue, come blow your horn. A sharp thorn stuck in my
wrist. Is he blind in both eyes? The grist mill grinds corn and oats.
Is he fond of melon rind? Were you born in Canada? Wind a cord about
your waist. Mind what papa says. Can you find my copy book? The waist
of my new dress is black. Canada gets much praise for her apples.
28
paw
jaw
straw
awl
shawl
crawl
lawn
dawn
drawn
down
gown
clown
brown
drown
frown
owl
fowl
growl
Make words in --aw with l, c, h, p, r, s, t, cl, sh, dr, cr, th;
and in --ow with b, c, h, m, n, r, s, sc, br.
Lucy buys a brown shawl. Worms crawl across the lawn. Dogs howl and
growl. Down town I saw a new gown. Use an awl to sew my shoe. The
clown may drown there. Puss has four paws with strong claws. The scow
was drawn to the mill and sawn. Do not frown or look cross. I hear
the fowl at dawn.
29
drew
grew
screw
few
blew
flew
die
lie
tie
cabin
under
before
tiger
boat
sister
father
mother
brother
Put d, h, J, m, n, p, ch, sl, st, with --ew; and b, st, c, th, with
--rew. Add --er to work, talk, farm, bank, fish, thresh.
He threw the screws under the cabin. The Jew slew a tiger. The storm
blew and the good boat flew. Yet few of her crew were lost. The calf
chews straw. I have a father and mother, two brothers and three
sisters. Tie your shoe before you lie down. Brew the tea. Is your
father a farmer? Henry is a great talker.
30
tree
free
three
feed
weed
bleed
seed
steed
tweed
hitch
buggy
against
sure
began
among
beef
broth
soup
With --ee put b, f, s, w, th, kn. Add --ing to feed, seed, buy,
try, work, hear, talk, see, add.
Hitch the steed to the buggy. Buy a tweed coat. He hurt his knee
against a tree. It began to bleed. Feed the horse half a peck of
oats. Make sure there are no weeds among the seeds. Fetch some beef
broth or soup. The blue-bird has a nest with four wee eggs. Are you
sure you write and spell well?
31 (REVIEW)
boat
wrist
melon
tweed
quickly
soup
slew
waist
chews
growl
Lucy
shawl
dwelt
swamp
scratch
come
knelt
cabin
Canada
buggy
lion
tiger
sprang
among
against
The lion sprang upon the tiger and quickly slew him. The cabin of
the boat was full of melons. Lucy wears a tweed belt about her
waist. Dogs growl in the swamp. There comes our buggy. I knelt upon
the shawl. He dwelt in Canada. Fetch some soup. I scratch my wrist
against a tree. Chew the beef well.
32
eel
heel
wheel
cool
spool
school
after
carpet
summer
made
swells
lemons
jerk
away
chums
Make new words in --eel with f, p, st, kn; in --ool with f, p, t,
st. With --eek put m, s, w, ch, sl, cr. Cows cry moo.
See the eel swim after the perch. Our school is kept too cool in
summer. Kneel on the thick carpet. Does Henry use a swift wheel?
There are seven days in one week. The lump on my heel feels soft.
Jerk away the stool. Mamma sent me to buy lemon peel. Our best tools
are made of steel. A spool of silk sells for nine cents. Do not try
to fool your chums. How sleek our pony looks. It is too cold to swim
in the creek.
33
keep
weep
creep
hoop
droop
stoop
pussy
softly
twelve
yarn
hawk
farmers
roof
along
scrub
With --eep put d, p, sh, sl, st, sw. Put --oop with c, l, sc, sl,
sw. Add --ing to such of these as you can.
Some boys keep watch over the sheep. I did not sleep till twelve
o'clock. Pussy creeps softly to catch the mice. Stoop down and scoop
up the pool of water. Please tie a loop in this yarn. Farmers often
keep fowl in a coop. Then the hawk cannot swoop down upon them. The
roof is too steep. Why do the flowers droop? Scrub the front stoop.
Were you weeping just now? Roll your hoop along the road.
34
beet
sweet
street
boot
root
shoot
those
sugar
target
under
train
worth
visit
snow
winter
With --eet put f, m, fl, gr, sh, sl; with --oot put h, t, sc. Put
another o in drop, stop, hot, shot, hop; as, --drop, droop.
In some beets there is much sugar. Shoot at a target, not at birds.
How much are those boots worth? We sleep under a cool sheet. Meet
your aunt at the train and greet her kindly. How many feet have four
horses? Snow and sleet come in winter. Owls hoot. John toots on his
new horn. The boys scoot down the street. Will you visit us again?
The fleet will meet next week. Some roots are sweet.
35
beer
deer
steer
room
bloom
broom
clean
better
young
gone
being
birthday
sun
lily
bigger
Put ch, qu, sn, with --eer; and b, d, l, gl, gr, with --oom. Make
new words in --oon with c, l, m, n, s, sp.
A new broom sweeps clean. Sun and water make the lily bloom. Tea is
better than beer. Many deer live in Canada. Steers are young oxen.
Three cheers for our school. Booms keep logs from being lost. He has
gone to groom the pony. Tweed cloth is made in a loom. Is the moon
bigger than the sun? What a queer bird the loon is. Uncle gave me a
silver spoon on my birthday. Some deer feed on lily roots. Too large
or too small.
36
breeze
freeze
sneeze
goose
loose
moose
plump
burst
bottle
search
proof
apron
wrap
north
queen
Make words in --een with k, s, gr, qu; in --oof with h, r, pr. Put
ee for oo in tooth, pool, goose, soon, sloop, boot.
The moose scoops away the snow in search of food. Feel how plump that
goose is. If the soup freeze it will burst the bottle. Her apron is
too loose. Brush your teeth often. Have you seen the queen? Green
plants need much water. We feed beets to a calf. The moose has a big
hoof. The keen north breeze makes me sneeze. Wrap up the shawl. What
proof can you give that he was wrong?
37 (REVIEW)
lily
softly
lemon
sneeze
search
proof
wheel
scoop
worth
queen
wrap
hawk
apron
visit
twelve
pussy
queer
burst
bottle
school
loose
sugar
plump
young
birthday
Is your wheel worth much? Hawks fly in search of young chickens. My
brother will be twelve on his next birthday. How softly pussy creeps
along. Wrap the lemons in your apron. The queen often visits schools.
Where did you buy that queer bottle? That lily is in full bloom.
Scoop up the sugar. He threw the trunk and it burst open. What makes
you sneeze? Tack down the loose carpet. Plump cheeks. Give proof of
being good.
38
beech
speech
screech
sleeve
fleece
cheese
elm
torn
burnt
Francis
touch
swarm
mews
smart
needle
To cr-- add ept, ied, ops, oss, ock, awl, ack, ib. Write all the
words you can from the letters in 'catching,' 'dreamed.'
Elm and beech trees grew about our school. The sleeve of my coat is
torn. Francis burnt his heel; then he began to screech. Do not touch
the cheese. The swarm of bees flew into an apple tree. He made a
speech about cheese. Let us search for beech nuts. Sew a patch on
your sleeve. Where is the needle? We need the fleeces of many sheep.
John seems such a smart boy. The gray cat mews.
39
book
shook
brook
wood
hood
stood
lamb
comb
climb
soot
split
barrel
cosy
dinner
Friday
Make new words in --ook with c, h, l, n, r, t, cr. To cl-- add am,
ap, ock, uck, ub, ing, ip, ean, ear.
John sawed and split the wood. Throw the soot into a barrel. What a
cosy nook this is. Can you climb a high beech tree? See the crook
in the stick uncle uses. Cook a lamb chop. Men comb wool and flax.
I lost two fish hooks in the brook. The lamb cannot climb over that
rock. My new hood is made from Scotch wool. Mamma cooks dinner on
Friday. She took a look at my story book. He uses a black comb.
40
paid
maid
braid
gain
pain
grain
eleven
thirteen
fifteen
Abel
raise
honest
basin
truth
always
With --ain put C, l, m, r, v, ch, pl, sl, st, br, dr, tr, spr, str.
Add --teen to four, six, seven, eight, nine. (Note eighteen.)
I paid eleven cents for braid. If sold for thirteen cents find the
gain. Did you sprain your wrist? Yes, and it gives great pain. Abel
was slain by his brother Cain. The maid has lain down. Wait till I
raise the chest. The grain needs much rain. Strain the soup into a
basin. Honest work is not done in vain. Always tell the plain truth.
The iron chain has fifteen links. The main thing is not to be afraid
of work.
41
fail
jail
snail
air
stair
fairy
clerk
nobody
month
twenty
thirty
forty
July
April
cruel
Make new words in --ail with b, h, m, n, p, r, s, t, w, fl, fr, tr.
Add --y to sh, sk, th, fl, sl, sp, st, dr, cr, fr, tr, spr.
A steel rail was loose. The mail train ran off, nobody was hurt. Bail
out your sail boat. The snail crawls under the pail. Were you afraid
of a fairy? Flails were used to thresh grain. The maid with fair hair
fell down stairs. The clerk was sent to jail for twenty days. Uncle
is paid forty dollars a month. Fix that frail chair with a strong
nail. April has thirty days, July thirty-one. It was cruel to cut off
the tail of that dog.
42
died
lied
cried
hoe
foe
toe
chirp
churn
chunk
spill
whey
first
move
David
choose
To ch-- add in, ill, aff, ew, ain, est, oose, eese, eck, ick, ore,
air, arm, urch. With --ied put t, sh, sp, tr, fr, dr, pr.
The hoe struck his toe and he cried. She tied her apron strings. The
colt shied and tried to jump over the fence. The flowers soon died. A
chunk of beech wood burns well. Spill the whey from the churn. David
killed his foe with a sling. Which do you choose? I spied you first.
She fried two lamb chops. We tried to move the buggy. The sun dried
my hair. Robins chirp. They pried the boxes open.
43 (REVIEW)
lamb
fleece
basin
barrel
screech
jail
first
fairy
speech
eleven
hoes
chirp
cruel
cheese
combs
touch
month
climb
choose
nineteen
cosy
whey
churn
fried
always
He hoes beets. Lambs always look cosy in fleeces of wool. Eleven and
eight are nineteen. Baby will screech if you touch his toes. Cheese
is made in the warm months. Choose two combs. Pussy tried to climb
into the churn. Throw the basin of whey into the barrel. First tell
me a fairy story. He goes to jail for being cruel. Pork chops were
fried. Hear the little birds chirp.
44
road
load
toad
boast
coast
toast
scrap
scald
scrawl
drags
ugly
oven
Percy
satin
pencil
Make words in --oan with m, l, gr; in --oak with s, cl, cr. To sc--
add ar, arf, ow, owl, at, ud, um, alp, amp, otch, orch.
Percy scrawls with a pencil. The horse drags a great load on a
snow road. Do you think a toad ugly? We roast beef in an oven. She
scorched her shoes. He likes to coast down steep hills. Toads croak
in the spring. Lucy boasts about her satin scarf and cloak. There is
a deep scar on his scalp. The hot tea will scald you. He gave me the
loan of his knife. The Scotch boy moans and groans. Soak the scraps
of toast in water.
45
boat
float
throat
old
sold
scold
crowd
organ
studying
false
dozen
pantry
tongs
jelly
pretty
Put c, g, bl, with --oat; and b, c, f, g, h, t, with --old. Add
--ty to six, seven, nine; eight + (t)y.
Tie the scarf about your throat. The boat may not float with such a
crowd. We sold our organ for ninety-four dollars. Goats often climb
very high. Papa will scold you for not studying. I paid sixty cents
for a dozen pencils. Fetch the jelly from the pantry. His uncle died
at eighty-two. The iron tongs cost seventy-five cents. Be not bold or
false. Lucy wears such a pretty gown. There was too great a crowd.
46
eat
beat
wheat
beam
cream
scream
dumb
crumb
thumb
rich
purse
never
hurl
flask
brisk
Put h, m, n, s, ch, bl, pl, tr, with --eat; and s, t, st, gl, dr,
str, with --eam. To gr-- add ace, ass, and, ab, ew, ain, asp.
Lions eat raw meat. The beams of the sun make wheat grow. Hear the
lambs bleat. Heat turns water into steam. Two horses make a team.
What a neat seam you sew. Treat the dumb boy to some cream. Henry
screams, for he hurt his thumb. Sweep the crumbs from the seat of the
chair. A rich man lost his purse. Never cheat any one. Hurl the flask
into the stream. Be brisk at your work. Which team beat?
47
ear
dear
spear
bean
mean
clean
shuns
nurse
rolled
folk
spilt
foolish
worn
army
towels
With --ear put f, h, n, r, t, y, sh, cl, sm. Make new words with
--eap and h, l, r, ch. Add y, in, ip, im, iff, ate, to sk--.
The tears rolled clear down his cheeks. We will reap much wheat this
year. The nurse shuns foolish folk. He spilt the beans near the door.
Were the towels cheap or dear? The army had sharp spears. Does he
mean to shear the sheep? My mother is very dear to me. His coat is
much worn but clean. Do not smear your chin with candy. Do you fear
to leap across that clear stream? It is easy to hurt the ear.
48
beak
weak
speak
bead
lead
plead
coax
party
color
beard
thorn
scratch
hazel
bushes
hungry
Put l, p, sn, bl, str with --eak. Copy high, nigh, sigh, thigh. To
str-- add ap, ip, ing, uck, ong, eet, etch, eam.
Coax mamma, do not tease her. Aunt is too weak to speak. Glass beads
are of many colors. Hear Helen sigh. The barrel leaks. Who leads the
party? There are streaks of gray in his beard. Some birds have blunt
beaks. A thorn scratched my thigh. The fox sneaks among the hazel
bushes. The hungry man pleads for meat. Can you climb that high peak?
A bleak road. Please lead us home. Push a chair nigh.
49
each
teach
preach
east
beast
yeast
loaf
curse
Thursday
stroll
taffy
cover
leave
clover
sense
Write words in --each with b, p, r, bl. With --eal put d, h, m, p,
s, v, st. Add atch, ub, ew, eam, een, to scr--.
Each loaf is made with yeast. Teach us to weave carpets. We leave on
Thursday for the east. A feast of peaches and cream. Good men preach
that it is wrong to steal or curse. Each beast was given a meal of
raw veal. They stroll along the sea beach. Reach down the taffy.
Cover your thumb, it will soon heal. The bells peal for joy. Split
open the beans. Copy a clover leaf. He has too much sense to sulk.
REVIEW OF THE DIFFICULT WORDS.
about
add
afraid
again
air 5
among
any
apple
April
apron 10
army
aunt
awl
baby
barrel 15
basin
bass
beach
beads
beans 20
beard
beast
beat
bees
beech 25
beef
beets
before
being
better 30
bigger
birch
black
bleed
blew 35
blood
bloom
blue
boast
bottle 40
braid
breeze
broom
brown
buggy 45
bump
burnt
burst
busy
buy 50
buzz
cabin
calf
camel
Canada 55
candy
carpet
catch
cents
chair 60
chalk
cheat
cheeks
cheese
chew 65
chirp
choose
clean
climb
clown 70
clutch
coal
coast
coax
collar 75
color
comb
come
copy
cosy 80
cover
crack
crawl
crazy
cream 85
creek
crept
cried
crowd
cruel 90
crumb
crutch
cuff
dawn
dear 95
deer
died
dinner
dirty
ditch 100
does
dollar
done
door
dozen 105
drawn
drew
drown
dumb
Dutch 110
dwelt
each
easy
eel
eggs 115
eight
eleven
elm
eye
fairy 120
false
fence
fetch
first
five 125
fleeces
flew
float
floor
flowers 130
folk
forty
four
fowl
Francis 135
freeze
front
girl
goats
goose 140
great
growl
hair
half
happy 145
hawk
hazel
heap
hear
heel 150
Helen
Henry
high
hitch
honest 155
hungry
idle
iron
jail
kneel 160
knees
knife
lain
lambs
lawn 165
lazy
leads
lemon
lied
lily 170
lion
little
loaf
loose
lost 175
Lucy
maid
mail
mamma
main 180
many
mean
meat
meet
melon 185
moans
month
moose
move
much 190
needle
never
new
next
ninety 195
nineteen
noise
none
nose
oats 200
odd
off
often
once
one 205
orange
organ
oven
owl
oxen 210
paid
pails
pair
pantry
papa 215
paper
patch
paw
peaches
pears 220
peas
peel
pencil
perch
Percy 225
pinch
please
plump
plums
pony 230
porch
praise
preach
pretty
pried 235
proof
pussy
quick
rabbit
reach 240
road
robin
roof
rye
said 245
sail
sailor
satin
sawed
says 250
scald
scarf
school
Scotch
scratch 255
scrawls
scream
screech
screw
seam 260
search
sense
seven
sew
shawl 265
shied
shoes
shoo
sigh
silver 270
sketch
skiff
skull
sleeve
slept 275
small
smoke
snatch
sneeze
snuff 280
sofa
soften
some
soot
soup 285
speak
spears
speech
split
spoon 290
steals
steam
steel
steer
stiff 295
story
straw
stream
street
stretch 300
stroll
studying
such
sugar
summer 305
sure
swamp
swarm
sweep
sweet 310
swift
switch
table
taffy
talk 315
target
tea
teach
team
tears 320
tease
there
they
thigh
thirteen 325
thrash
three
thresh
threw
throat 330
throw
thumb
thump
tie
tiger 335
toad
toe
too
towels
toy 340
tried
truth
tweed
twelve
twist 345
two
ugly
uses
vain
very 350
waist
wait
walk
warm
watch 355
water
weak
wear
weave
wept 360
were
wheat
wheel
where
whey 365
who
witch
wolf
woods
worm 370
worn
worth
wrap
wrist
write 375
wrong
year
yell
young
your 380
bet
betting
hop
hopping
drop
dropping
rub
rubbing
brag
bragging
blot
blotting
come
coming
have
having
hope
hoping
live
living
use
using
like
liking
STANDARD II.
GRADE 3.
1
ate
plate
slate
face
race
brace
size
huge
burst
quite
angry
meadow
larger
became
strange
With --ate put d, f, g, h, K, l, m, r, sk, gr, cr, pr, st. Write l,
p, pl, Gr, tr, sp, with --ace. Add --ing to see, be, free, flee.
Does Grace skate? Place the wood in the grate. Brace up for a race.
Keep a space for my school mate. Buy a pair of shoe laces. Little
Jack Frog once spied a huge ox in a field. He told what a strange
beast he had seen, larger than any frog in the stream. His mother
became quite angry. She tried to puff herself out to as great a size.
But she only burst and died.
2
bake
shake
drake
game
flame
shame
Nellie
garden
mother's
tulip
dainty
basket
proud
bright
Saturday
Put c, f, l, m, r, s, t, w, fl, sn, sp, st with --ake. Write c, d,
f, l, n, s, t, bl with --ame. Add --ful to spoon, hand, care, arm.
Shake the grate and see the flame shoot up. Nellie grows flowers in
her garden. Her mother's birthday was on Saturday. Then Nellie picked
a basket of bright tulips. These she fixed in a dainty bowl, placed
near her mother's seat at table. How pleased her mamma was, and how
proud Nellie felt.
3
fade
shade
spade
Jane
pane
plane
age
wage
stage
eager
quiet
kitten
broke
pieces
smooth
With --ade put m, w, bl, gr, tr; with --ane write c, D, l, m, s,
cr. Put c, p, r, s with --age. Add --ly to last, great, swift, apt.
He broke a pane of glass. My knife has four blades. Plane off the
stage. What wages does Jane get? Two pretty gold fish were happy in a
bowl of water. A young kitten spied them, and jumped upon the table.
At first she was quiet, and watched them swim about. She was eager to
touch one with her paw. She climbed up the smooth side of the bowl.
But it rolled off and broke into many pieces.
4
gave
shave
grave
ale
pale
whale
able
fable
stable
Topsy
negro
merry
also
learn
garden
Put c, p, r, s, w, br, cr, sl, st, with --ave. Write b, g, h, m, s,
t, sc, st with --ale. Put c, f, g, with --able.
Has a whale scales like fish? There are oak staves in the barrel. The
male lion has a mane. Read a fairy tale or fable. A pale face. Pave
the stable yard. Buy a stale loaf. Topsy is a jolly negro girl. Her
father was once a slave. Now he owns a house and garden. He is able
to grow many melons and lemons. Besides he raises some fine fowl.
He is hale and merry. Topsy hoes the sugar cane. She learns quickly
also.
5
mare
share
square
gaze
blaze
graze
cape
shape
scrape
giant
castle
person
thief
robbed
coming
With --are put b, c, d, f, h, p, r, fl, sc, sn, sp, st. Write d, h,
m, cr, gl with --aze. Put t, dr, gr, esc, with --ape.
The mare grazes in the square. As crazy as a March hare. The fare is
a dollar. Pare the apples. Scrape the walk bare. See the blaze flare
up. Once there lived a huge giant eight feet high. His home was in a
strong castle, often hidden by haze. He used to steal lambs, sheep
and oxen. The thief spared no person. The farmers he robbed were very
angry. But they were scared and tried to escape his coming.
6 (REVIEW)
size
huge
giant
angry
castle
quite
graze
stable
smooth
meadow
eager
negro
quiet
tulip
dainty
thief
pieces
escape
basket
square
bright
proud
coming
person
Saturday
They tried to escape from the giant's castle on Saturday. The angry
negro was quite crazy. There were pieces of smooth cloth. The stable
is of great size. The thief spied a dainty, square basket. The quiet
pony grazes in a huge meadow. Who is that proud person coming along?
Eager for some bright tulips.
7
haste
taste
waste
dance
chance
France
alive
begged
return
early
rising
clothes
could
would
should
To tw-- add ice, ine, ig, irl, ist, elve, enty. Add --ed to visit,
melt, start, hand, scold, load, drift, play, hoot, risk.
Bears prance and dance. They waste little in France. I chanced to
glance about. He should make haste. His mother begged Jack not to
climb the bean stalk. She said the giant would be sure to know him,
and he could never return alive. Jack kept quiet for he would not
tell a lie. He put on his old clothes, and stained his face and hands
a dark brown color. Rising early one summer day, he said he would try
his luck again.
8
fire
spire
quire
sore
chore
swore
Bible
wagon
velvet
jacket
mason
burden
heavy
silent
healing
With --ire put h, m, s, t, w, squ. Write b, c, f, m, t, w, y, sc,
sh, sn, st with --ore. Add --er to clear, dark, soon, neat.
A sore throat. A quire of note paper. The fore wheels and hind
wheels. An apple core. He does chores after school. He snores very
often. He swore on the Bible. The wagon tire broke. Squire Jones
wore a velvet jacket. He climbs the church spire. Do you know the
base-ball score? He bore a heavy burden. Hire the silent mason. His
sore thumb is healing. Twist the wires in the cable. I tore my shoe
there.
9
ice
price
twice
file
smile
while
death
mince
clever
laugh
lying
lovely
ropes
plenty
forever
Put m, n, r, v, sl, sp, spl, with --ice; and m, p, t, v, w, with
--ile.
Sailors splice ropes. The slice of ice-cream was nice. You may fail
twice or thrice, try again. It is worth while to smile or laugh.
Lying is a mean vice. The price of a steel file. Put plenty of spice
in mince pies.
Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be clever;
Do lovely things, not dream them, all day long;
And so make Life, and Death, and that Forever,
One grand, sweet song.
10
rove
stove
grove
nose
close
chose
flies
built
calico
lively
poplar
greedy
parent
window
hatched
Write c, d, w, cl, dr, str, with --ove; and h, r, pr, th, with
--ose.
She chose a calico gown. Please close the stove door. A drove of
sheep. They roved in a shady grove. They wove tweed from wool. He
strove to cross the river. A pair of robins built their nest in a
poplar tree near my window. There were four blue eggs after two
weeks. From those were hatched four lively birds. They opened their
mouths very wide, always greedy for food. The two parent birds were
kept busy bringing them worms and flies. Young robins have downy
coats.
11
blue
glue
cube
cute
mute
flute
cure
pure
rude
money
village
robber
market
walking
tumbled
Write d, h, s, cl, fl, with --ue. Add --e to tub, cub, hug, plum,
cur, us. Add --ly to love, false, wise, live, nice, sure, cool.
She wears a blue plume. There is no clue to the cute robber. He
sued for wages due. Smoke goes up the flue. Glue the cube. A lively
milkmaid was walking to market to sell a pail of cream. This she bore
on her head. She would buy eggs with the money, and raise chickens.
These would bring high prices at the village. She could buy a new
gown. She felt so proud she tossed her head. The pail tumbled down
and all was lost.
12 (REVIEW)
score
twice
village
lying
heavy
Bible
lovely
chores
poplar
clothes
cute
mason
wagon
thrice
chance
built
early
could
quire
calico
lively
money
tumble
hatched
window
A village mason built a score of stables. A lovely calico frock.
The Bible is lying on the window. His clothes are always too heavy.
He was hired to clean the wagon and do chores. He offered twice or
thrice the money. The cute ducks were hatched early. Buy a quire of
paper. Could you tell a poplar tree? A jug of cream. By chance he
tumbled down stairs.
13
loud
cloud
shroud
hour
flour
scour
spider
insect
tadpole
fatter
dipper
friend
appear
become
narrow
A barrel of flour. Scour the dipper. Half an hour. Thou shalt not
steal. Clouds in the south shroud the sun. Proud of his friends.
The yeast was sour. The toad is dark brown, with a fatter body and
shorter legs than the frog. Little warts cover its body. It eats
insects, spiders and worms. From its eggs come little black tadpoles.
Soon the hind legs appear, then the front ones. The long, narrow
tail slowly becomes shorter. So, after some weeks, the tadpoles have
turned into toads.
14
pout
spout
sprout
couch
crouch
slouch
quart
quite
quilt
timid
fellow
supper
can't
seeing
careful
With --out put ab, g, r, sh, sc, sn, st, tr. To qu-- add ack, ail,
een, eer, ill, iet. With --ouse put h, d, l, m, s, gr.
Fetch the quilt to the couch. Timid quails crouch down and keep
quiet. Walk quickly, do not slouch. Plants sprout in the spring. Not
quite a quart of cream. "Be careful," said a mother trout to her son,
"some school boys shout; they come here to fish." "They can't catch
me," cried the foolish fellow, "I know their tricks." He swam off in
search of supper. Seeing a plump worm twisting about, he snatched it.
There was a loud splash, but one trout swam in the brook never again.
15
bound
found
ground
ounce
bounce
flounce
squaw
animal
settlers
ripened
Indians
wigwam
easily
season
between
Write h, m, p, r, s, w with --ound.
Sixteen ounces make a pound. A tiger pounced upon the hound. She
wears flounces. Bounce your ball. He wound the clock. The French were
the first white settlers in Canada. They found here many Indians.
These lived by fishing and the chase. They dressed in the skins of
animals which they had killed. Their wigwams were easily moved, and
often this was done each season. The squaws tilled the crops. They
ground the ripened corn between two stones.
16
light
fight
fright
ought
fought
brought
native
safety
bravely
kettle
candle
tallow
strange
instead
blazing
With --ight put m, n, kn, r, s, t, br, fl, sl.
The Indians were friendly at first, but later they thought it right
to fight the French. But these settlers fought bravely. The guns they
had brought frightened the natives, who sought safety in flight. The
settlers built rude log houses, now a strange sight. Often oiled
paper was used for glass. Tallow candles gave light at night. Instead
of an iron stove a huge fireplace might be found. Over the bright
blazing fire hung iron kettles for cooking.
17
edge
wedge
sledge
judge
budge
grudge
dodge
badge
bridge
cradle
simple
lessons
rattle
paddle
silently
Write h, l, pl, dr with --edge. Put f, n, sm, dr, tr with --udge.
Trudge to the edge of the bridge. Nudge John. He grudges a badge for
the judge. We could not budge the wedge. He dodged the sledge. The
Indian baby was strapped into a wooden cradle. The children played
many games, and had simple toys, dolls and rattles. They had many
lessons not found in books. They knew where to find the birds and
animals. They could tell their colors and habits. When twelve the boy
could build a boat, and paddle swiftly and silently.
18 (REVIEW)
dodge
fright
cradle
crouch
simple
easily
bounce
judges
native
blazing
quilt
ounce
safety
paddle
friend
kettle
animal
season
grudge
insect
candle
tallow
sought
Indian
between
The Indian crouched down and sought to dodge the animal. My friend
paddled in safety to the blazing dredge. He grudges even an ounce of
sugar. The judge bought a pound of tallow candles. Simple folk are
easily frightened. I tumbled the quilts in the cradle. Are there many
native insects? Bounce baby on your knee. A quiet season. Between you
and me.
19
head
bread
spread
health
wealth
stealth
sweat
threat
breath
solid
travel
mostly
letter
post-office
newspaper
With --ead put d, l, r, dr, st, tr, thr, r---y, st---y.
Health is better than wealth. Horses sweat. He read tales by stealth.
A steady breath. As heavy as lead. Ready to spread the news. Thread
the needle. Does he dread such threats? For many years there were
no horses in Canada. Travel was mostly by boat in summer. The solid
log houses were built along the rivers. There were no post-offices;
letters were sent by friends. Newspapers were not known, books were
few. A few schools were kept for white or Indian children.
20
aught
caught
taught
naughty
haughty
daughter
world
heart
every
glory
honor
nation
assist
respect
fortune
I caught the naughty boy and taught him a lesson. His daughter is
haughty. Can I do aught to assist you?
To all the world I give my hand;
My heart I give my native land,
I seek her good, her glory;
I honor every nation's name,
Respect their fortune and their fame,
But love the land that bore me.
21
pause
cause
clause
daub
Maud
fraud
haul
fault
vault
piano
garret
comma
bundle
chamber
scrubbed
Add --en to dark, black, fright, sweet, smooth, moist, weak.
Should you pause at every comma? Read the clause again, Laura. A team
hauls a load of pianos. He caused Paul to close the vault. The giant
was a fraud. Wipe off that daub of paint. Was it Maud's fault? The
young daughter washed the dirty dishes and scrubbed the floors. She
swept the carpet in my lady's chamber. Her two elder sisters slept in
cosy feather beds, while she had some bundles of straw in the garret;
yet she bore all without finding fault.
22
bough
plough
lounge
count
fount
mount
coach
stately
ladder
fancy
magic
hurried
meant
pumpkin
Cinderella
Join --ing to daub, mount, plough, hurry, count, scoop, hitch.
Do not lounge at the plough. Count the boughs on the oak. Mount the
ladder. A fount or spring of water. Cinderella hurried to the field
and brought back a huge pumpkin. She could not fancy what use it was
meant for. But the fairy scooped it out, then touched it with her
magic wand. At once it became a stately coach, beaming with gold and
bright colors. She found four mice caught in the trap. These were
changed into stout horses and hitched to the coach.
23
lief
chief
grief
fiddle
riddle
griddle
banjo
until
gruel
polite
amuse
relieve
shinny
visitor
entertain
Write un-- with able, safe, just, true, load, fair, learn, tried.
I had as lief have a banjo as a fiddle. Do riddles amuse you? He ate
gruel and griddle cakes. Shinny is our chief game. Silent grief is
often deep. Always be polite to callers in your home. Should your
parents be absent or unable to see the visitors at once, offer them
chairs. Stand until they are seated. Try your best to entertain them
until some older person relieves you. Then leave the room quietly,
closing the door without noise. Be sure to pass behind, not in front
of persons.
24 (REVIEW)
chief
coach
fault
fancy
office
banjo
bundle
nation
health
garret
lounge
wealth
relieve
shinny
fiddle
gruel
thread
plough
visitor
hurried
naughty
fortune
chamber
pumpkin
daughter
The count's coach hurried to the office. I know what the visitor
sought in the bundle. A fiddle was lying on the garret lounge. Good
men are the nation's chief wealth. Plough the pumpkin field. Shinny
is healthy sport. It was that naughty boy's fault. His daughter's
banjo. I fancy a bowl of gruel. Fetch the thread from my lady's
chamber. I ought always to relieve my friends.
25
singe
fringe
ginger
angel
danger
arrange
orphan
orchard
coward
sudden
blunder
thunder
echo
suffer
account
Add --es to sash, bush, porch, march, gas, press; as sash, sashes.
Won't means will not; don't, do not; doesn't, does not.
Can't I exchange the blue shawl fringe for a lighter hue? Arrange to
have some ginger tea. Read the account of the orphan's sudden rise.
She sings like an angel. I suffer from twinges of pain. Won't the hot
iron singe the clothes? Yes, there is danger. How the thunder echoes!
Don't the cowards cringe with fear? Doesn't Ralph plough the new
orchard? By some blunder the fringe is tinged with red.
26
squat
squash
squall
squint
squirt
squirm
turnips
parsnip
parsley
radish
lettuce
rhubarb
sprays
picture
mixture
Add --es to hatch, pass, hero, motto, tax, fix, negro. I've means I
have; we've, we have; you'll, you will.
Take a picture of the dog as he squats on the floor. The bright
sunlight causes us to squint. You'll soon hear the baby's squalls.
The larger squashes grow near the turnips. We've tender lettuce and
rhubarb in the garden ready to use. I've sown parsley, radish, and
parsnip seed in the pumpkin field. Charles sprays the bushes. He
squirts the green mixture over the leaves. We've a rhubarb pie for
lunch. Eels squirm like snakes.
27
clench
drench
quench
locket
packet
bucket
scheme
scholar
schooner
captain
certain
curtain
ribbon
bonnet
monkey
Add --es to echo, lash, six, crutch, church, match; as echo,
echoes. It's or 'tis means it is; 'twas, it was; they'll, they will.
'Tis the captain of the schooner. 'Twas the crew's fault. My gold
locket. It's certain the scheme will cause some fun. A sailor
clenched his fist. The scholars hurry home. The rain pours down and
they'll be drenched. Quench the burning curtain with a bucket of
water. Post the packet of letters. Tie my ribbon. The angry monkey
tore the lady's bonnet.
28
Bertha
Julia
Louisa
puddle
huddle
stubble
real
trial
goal
dizzy
puzzle
dazzle
china
facing
closet
Copy,--man, men; woman, women; gentleman, gentlemen; ox, oxen. E'er
means ever; o'er, over; ne'er, never.
Bertha lies on the sofa. The baking soda is in a jar in the china
closet. A mud puddle. The chubby quail huddle close to each other,
facing outward. Western farmers burn their stubble before ploughing.
We won both goals. Louisa's coat is real seal. Try the puzzle. Make
two trials. Julia is dizzy; there is buzzing in her ears. My eyes are
dazzled. The muzzled bear is dancing. E'er be true; ne'er be false to
anyone. O'er the hill the sun is setting.
29
urge
charge
George
Noah
Sarah
signed
anvil
forge
shoeing
charcoal
oatmeal
porridge
glowing
bellows
hammer
Copy,--foot, feet; tooth, teeth; goose, geese; mouse, mice; louse,
lice; this foot; these feet; that mouse; those mice.
Noah was saved from the flood and stormy billows. Urge on the team.
George, the blacksmith, is shoeing the mare. Will he charge much? He
lights the forge with charcoal. Hear the bellows roar. Isn't the iron
glowing red? Yes, he hammers and shapes the shoes on the anvil. See
his tongs and big heavy sledge. We won't grudge the money. Porridge
is made from oatmeal. Sarah signed the pledge.
30 (REVIEW)
bonnet
orphan
ribbon
curtain
shoeing
lettuce
squalls
sudden
parsley
George
quench
scheme
monkey
scholar
porridge
echoes
puzzle
coward
radish
captain
'twas
ne'er
you'll
won't
doesn't
The orphan's bonnet has pretty ribbon. I've grown radishes, lettuce,
and parsley. A monkey's face. Half a bowl of porridge. Shoeing the
ponies. Why doesn't a scholar quench the blaze? 'Twas a coward's
scheme. Hear the echoes. The captain told queer tales. Of course I
won't. You'll work out the puzzle. So huge a squash on vine ne'er
grew. Sudden squalls of wind.
31
rouse
blouse
spouse
quaint
quince
question
circle
cinder
cistern
centre
decent
cement
William
deserve
answer
Write un-- with clean, kind, seen, hook, tie, loose, furl. I'd
means I would; e'en, even; shan't, shall not.
I'd rouse William. He's sleepy. He calls his wife 'spouse.' He
deserves praise. I shan't wear a blue silk blouse. Quinces are
somewhat like pears. My niece answers these questions. In the smoke
from the coal fire were many cinders. The cistern is eight feet deep.
The walls and floor are made of stone and cement. In the centre of
the circle are a few quaint but decent folk. Of course, I hear. We
told tales.
32
scum
scuttle
scarce
notice
recess
vessel
doctor
excuse
dismiss
view
raisin
furnace
surface
surname
surprise
Write --ful and --less after pain, harm, joy, cheer, help, waste.
Copy,--Mr. Hugh Lee lives on New Street. His house is No. 8.
Notice the scum on the surface of the pond. Wait at the creek. It is
useless to scold that scamp. There is scarcely a hair on his scalp.
The window screens. The furnace room. The coal scuttle. After recess
he ate some raisins. Will the teacher excuse a wrong answer? We
dismiss at four o'clock. The clear view was a great surprise. What is
the doctor's surname?
33
poured
poultry
shoulder
court
mould
smoulder
cider
cipher
recite
senior
junior
period
figure
arrive
pudding
12 m. means noon; a.m., before mid-day; p.m., after mid-day, as 9
a.m., 4 p.m. Sen., Senior; Jun., Junior.
I poured sauce over the pudding. Hugh's daughter is as high as my
shoulder. We've a coop for poultry. Birds and fowl moult. By the
court-house is a huge boulder. Mould two clay figures. A piece of
wood smoulders in the furnace. The senior scholars recite in an hour.
They arrive at 9 a.m. The juniors leave at 4 p.m. They dismiss us at
12 m. Make a cipher or naught. Cider is made by crushing apples.
34
vein
skein
weigh
Peter
fever
lever
linen
muslin
chisel
metal
cocoa
coffee
Samuel
tangled
smother
Write --er after play, mow, preach, print, paint, bank, mill, fish,
sell. Add --en to short, tight, cheap, slack, thick.
Notice the veins in Peter's wrist. The heavy coat will almost smother
baby. Weigh the skein of tangled yarn. Iron is a useful metal. Rev.
Daniel Robb will preach on Sunday, 9th inst., at 11 a.m. and 7 p.m.
Samuel Johnson, Jun., was ill of fever. Dr. Brown uses cocoa and
coffee. The chisel and the strong lever are made of steel. I spoilt
my muslin dress and linen coat.
35
wreath
wretch
wriggle
wring
wrestle
wrinkle
object
subject
earnest
aged
ashore
kindled
drunken
wrapped
blanket
N. stands for North; S., for South; E., for East; W., for West;
N.E., North-East; S.W., South-West; St., Street.
A wreath of flowers. The drunken wretch had sunken eyes and a
wrinkled brow. I wring clothes. Sleigh bells tinkle. Boys wrestle.
Eels wriggle. Learn the object of the busy black ants. Study four
subjects. Aren't they in earnest? An Indian, his squaw, and his aged
mother crossed the river in a canoe. He tenderly lifted ashore the
old woman, wrapped in a blanket. Then he kindled a fire and cooked
some food for her.
36 (REVIEW)
blouse
cinder
quince
centre
answer
view
weigh
metal
skein
lever
wrestle
junior
cocoa
wretch
cipher
doctor
question
cistern
smother
earnest
Daniel
wrinkle
period
circle
poultry
Dr. Jolly is visiting an unhappy wretch. A cinder lodged in his eye.
Her blouse is wrinkled. Will you wrestle Daniel? He ciphers with the
juniors. Answer my question. Weigh the cocoa, John. The centre of
the cistern is a circle. A lever is made of metal. Let us view the
poultry. Pare the quinces. A skein of yarn. For a short period we
almost smothered.
37
berry
cherry
cherries
suit
fruit
juice
nectar
number
bumble
honey
perfume
humming
beauty
quarrel
blossom
In berry, fly, baby, pony, story, city, change y to i and add --es.
Use each word; as, One berry. Two berries.
Spring! The berry bushes are clothed in green. The fruit-trees,
cherry, apple, pear, and peach, have lovely white and pink suits.
They are full of perfume and beauty. Hear the humming sound made
by numbers of insects. See the honey-bees, bumble-bees, flies,
and wasps. They are feeding on nectar, the sweet juice within the
blossoms. Do bees often quarrel?
38
busy
busily
family
owe
tidy
tiny
debt
doubt
waist
owner
sower
earning
tongue
shining
bottom
In busy, easy, lazy, happy, pretty, merry, change y to i and add
--ly. Use each word; as, The busy bee. John works busily.
We owe each tidy, busy worker a great debt. A bee tumbles down to the
bottom of a flower. Here it reaches with tiny, shining tongue, the
clear, sweet nectar. It is busily storing up for its own family, and
no doubt earning money for its owner. But it is also doing another
and a greater work for us. Without the bee's help we should have few
juicy berries, apples, or pears. A sower sows the seed. The pail
leaks. A girl's waist.
39
pollen
yellow
gather
drones
spines
inside
cells
peal
fleas
hairy
pocket
slender
rubbed
setting
carried
In easy, lazy, greedy, happy, merry, change y to i and add --er,
--est; as, An easy chair. An easier chair. The easiest chair.
In the bee-hive is the comb of six-sided cells, made of wax. Bees
gather pollen, the yellow dust on the tiny, slender spines inside the
bloom. From this the workers make combs and bee-bread. The queen and
the lazy drones have no wax pockets. A bee pushes its head and hairy
body into a flower. Pollen clings to it and is carried into another
blossom. There it is rubbed off and the setting of fruit is sure.
Fleas bite dogs. Bells peal.
40
curly
curve
Arthur
ruin
bruin
bruise
butter
cripple
choking
wound
group
croup
crown
shower
drowsy
In sky, candy, lily, copy, dolly, kitty, change y to i and add
--es; as, The sky is blue. The skies are blue.
Arthur is an honest player. He is tired and drowsy. Emma's maid has
curly hair. Her eyebrows curve downward. The mail bag. Lilies are
fair to see. The maid sighs. Butter will ruin the maid's gown. Bruin
has a bruise on his nose and a cruel wound on his body. A group of
children watch the wounded bear. A cripple is choking with croup. The
sun's warm rays and summer showers will crown the fields with grain.
41
earth
heard
pearls
aim
ail
aid
cousin
country
courage
whistle
thistle
bristle
nestle
glisten
cottage
In spy, party, poppy, pussy, change y to i and add --es; as, Is
this a spy? Are these spies? Copy,--A steel pen.
I heard rain patter. A load of earth. Dew-drops glisten like pearls.
Aid cousin Anna. Her wrist is bruised. Aim to please. What ails the
children? The country air will cure the croup. Scotch thistles have
sharp points. Bristles are stiff hairs. Arthur is able to whistle a
tune. Have courage; be brave. The humble cottage nestles beside the
stately castle. Listen, I heard my cousin whistle.
42 (REVIEW)
ruin
suit
debt
earns
group
cells
busily
curve
juicy
doubt
easily
drowsy
glisten
heard
bruise
pearls
cousin
owner
courage
thistle
Will the moist air ruin Lucy's suit? Does Thomas owe debts for coal?
Groups of drowsy children. These young bees work busily making
honey-cells. The pears are juicy. Arthur, no doubt, earns money
easily. We heard of cousin John's painful bruise. The thistle blossom
is light. Wear your necklace of pearls. The owner of the cottage
lives at the curve in the road. Courage! my boys, dare to do right.
The dew glistens.
43
arrow
hollow
swallow
flown
grown
mown
Stephen
nephew
cotton
crayon
yonder
beyond
staircase
breakfast
beefsteak
In carry, fry, try, cry, dry, copy, change y to i and add --es,
--ed; I carry wood. He carries wood. He has carried wood.
Like an arrow from a bow the swallow skimmed the grassy hollow. The
larks had flown before the mower had mown the field. Stephen, my
nephew, has shown us cotton, grown in the fields. See the chalk or
crayon marks on yonder cupboard beyond the staircase. I found some
cold beefsteak. After breakfast I slept an hour.
44
Ruth
Susan
Luke
eaten
squeal
squeak
fully
bitten
middle
believe
cabbage
suitable
cases
cocoon
wander
In sheaf, shelf, half, wolf, calf, loaf, thief, change f to v and
add --es; as, One leaf, Two leaves. Copy,--Weigh the bee-bread.
Ruth cleans the beans. Luke eats prunes. Mice squeak; pigs squeal.
Look at Susan's cabbage plants! A number of leaves have been eaten
off. Others have pieces bitten out. I believe this worm lying along
the middle of the leaf has done it. Others are climbing the stalk,
just the color of the cabbage. These worms, when fully grown, will
wander away. In some suitable place they will cover themselves with
little cocoons.
45
silken
girdle
almost
dreary
weaving
creature
higher
flight
unlike
potted
flitting
sipping
basking
sunshine
spinning
In beauty, pity, mercy, fancy, change y to i and add --ful. In
lazy, greedy, happy, pretty, change y to i and add --ness.
All the long, dreary winter the green worm sleeps in its silken
cocoon. This robe or girdle is made from its own spinning and
weaving. Later on, a beautiful white butterfly will appear. This
lovely creature with black-spotted wings is quite unlike the worm.
Soon it will be flitting about among the blossoms. It is almost
always sipping nectar and basking in the sunshine. It does not make
higher flights.
46
Ralph
Joseph
Philip
sleigh
weight
neighbor
couple
double
trouble
parcel
cancel
celery
attic
music
public
In make, shine, have, tumble, store, close, curve, pile, drop e and
add --ing; as, Make bread. Are you making bread?
Joseph is taking the trouble to pick us a couple of pecks of nice
pears. Double as many, or four pecks, is a whole bushel. Philip
weighs parcels of sugar. Cancel my order for raisins. I'm giving full
weight. Ralph is busy driving the sleigh. Wrap up some celery for our
neighbor's son. He studies music in the public school. Our house has
a higher attic. Horses neigh.
47
writing
written
scribble
pupil
stupid
student
niece
pierce
fierce
shield
priest
shriek
pawn
fawn
yawn
In take, drive, choke, weave, cure, please, bruise, clothe, drop e
and add --ing; as, He is taking a walk. Copy,--The sun's rays.
This student's writing is a mere scribble. Have the scholars written
their spelling? The pupils yawn. They feel sleepy and stupid. Shield
the little, spotted fawn. The fawn's mother is called a doe. Ella, my
niece, gave a piercing shriek. A fierce dog sprang at the doe. Don't
pawn your watch. The Indian chiefs believed the priest's words.
48 (REVIEW)
nephew
swallow
believe
breakfast
currants
sheaves
thieves
stupid
courage
cabbage
Philip
chiefly
beauty
spotted
creature
Stephen
pierce
weight
couple
raisins
celery
written
parcel
squeak
shriek
My nephew ate no breakfast. Stephen swallows the cabbage too hastily.
See the beautiful sheaves of wheat. Notice chiefly their hue and
weight. Thieves often lack courage. Shrieks pierce the air. Send
some celery and a couple of parcels of raisins and currants. The doe
and spotted fawn are not stupid creatures. Philip has written to our
nephew. New shoes squeak.
REVIEW OF THE DIFFICULT WORDS.
able
aged
almost
angel
angry 5
animal
answer
appear
arrive
arrow 10
Arthur
assist
attic
aught
badge 15
banjo
beauty
believe
berries
Bertha 20
between
beyond
billow
blanket
blazing 25
blossom
blouse
bonnet
bottom
bough 30
bounce
breath
bridge
bright
brought 35
bruise
bucket
built
bumble
bundle 40
burst
busily
bustle
cabbage
calico 45
candle
captain
carried
castle
caught 50
cause
celery
cells
cement
centre 55
certain
chamber
charcoal
cheerful
chief 60
chisel
chore
chose
cider
cinder 65
cipher
circle
cistern
cities
clause 70
clench
closet
clothes
cocoa
cocoon 75
coffee
comma
easier
cottage
cotton 80
country
couple
courage
court
coward 85
crayon
crouch
croup
cube
curtain 90
cute
dainty
Daniel
daub
dazzle 95
death
debt
dizzy
doctor
dodge 100
doesn't
double
dreary
drench
drowsy 105
eager
earnest
early
earth
easily 110
echo
edge
every
excuse
facing 115
family
fancy
fault
fawn
fellow 120
fever
fiddle
fierce
figure
fleas 125
flight
flute
forge
fought
fraud 130
friend
fright
fringe
furnace
fruit 135
garret
gather
George
giant
ginger 140
girdle
glisten
glue
goal
graze 145
grief
grieves
group
grown
grudge 150
gruel
halves
haughty
haul
health 155
heard
heart
heavy
hollow
honor 160
hour
huddle
hurried
Indian
insect 165
instead
judge
juice
junior
kettle 170
kindle
laugh
lesson
lever
lief 175
Louisa
lounge
magic
mason
metal 180
meadow
meant
mince
money
mould 185
monkey
mower
mown
music
nation 190
native
naughty
nectar
neighbor
nephew 195
niece
notice
oatmeal
object
office 200
orphan
ought
ounce
paddle
parcel 205
parsley
pause
pearls
period
Philip 210
piano
pictures
pieces
pierce
pitiful 215
plough
polite
pollen
poplar
poultry 220
poured
priest
public
pumpkin
puzzle 225
quaint
quench
question
quiet
quince 230
quire
raisins
Ralph
recess
recite 235
relieve
rhubarb
ribbon
riddle
robber 240
rouse
ruin
Sarah
scarce
scuttle 245
scheme
scholar
scour
scrape
season 250
senior
servant
settler
shoulder
shriek 255
shroud
signed
silent
simple
singe 260
skein
sledge
sleigh
smother
slouch 265
spied
spouse
squall
squash
squeak 270
squint
squirm
steak
stealth
stubble 275
student
subject
surface
swallow
suits 280
swore
tallow
taught
thief
thistle 285
threat
tiny
tongue
trouble
tulip 290
twice
unfurl
unloose
until
urge 295
vault
vein
village
visitor
view 300
waist
waste
wealth
weaving
wedge 305
weight
whistle
William
world
wound 310
wrapped
wreath
wrestle
wretch
wriggle 315
wring
writing
written
yawn
yellow 320
STANDARD III. JUNIOR.
GRADE 4.
1
guide
guard
guess
lose
whose
bosom
prove
worse
worry
worthy
worship
worsted
beggar
ragged
stagger
Add --er to fat, red, in, rob, up, hot, wet; as, fatter. Notice the
single vowel and the single consonant at the end of each word.
Guide the ragged beggar up the garret stair. He staggers. Whose
bundle of clothes is here? I cannot guess. Fierce dogs guard the
fruit. Fasten the bosom of your blouse. Did you lose any money? Don't
worry. The trouble might have proved worse. Dr. Lee wears a suit of
worsted. We worship the one living and true God. He is worthy of all
praise.
2
cedar
cellar
cigar
crocus
cleanse
custom
mayor
mirror
parlor
sponge
shovel
gloves
circus
govern
common
Add --ed, --ing to shop, grin, stir, skip, chat, strap, sun, grip,
mop; as, shopped, shopping.
The deep cellar has a cedar floor. Don't smoke cigars; the custom is
too common. The crocus is in bloom. A circus with a wild beast show
is coming here. The mayor governs the city. He has a dozen beautiful
doves. They hover round our cottage. The mirror in the parlor is of
plate glass. Shovel out the earth. Wear no gloves. Cleanse your hands
with a sponge.
3
auger
August
autumn
saucer
sausage
laundry
author
caution
auction
limbs
yield
bored
scarlet
harvest
crimson
Write in full: Sun., Mon., Th., Fri., Sat.; as, Sunday. Aug.,
August; Sept., September; Oct., October; Nov., November.
August and harvest have passed. October and autumn are here. The
leaves are scarlet, crimson, and yellow. Soon they will carpet the
ground, leaving the limbs and branches bare. The birds have flown
south. The fields now yield them no food. Who is the author of the
book? My linen is in the laundry. I bored holes with the auger. Cover
the fried sausage with a saucer. Buy with caution at the auction sale.
4
sorrow
borrow
furrow
feather
weather
leather
tough
rough
enough
detain
obtain
remain
people
squirrel
sparrow
With --low put fel, mel, yel, wil, pil, fol, hol, tal, mal; as,
fellow. Write other words in --low, --row, --dow; as widow.
The sparrow, woodpecker, and chickadee remain. But few others of the
feathered people can obtain enough to eat. The squirrels are busy
hiding away food in their narrow houses for the rough winter weather.
They pick to pieces the tough pine cones to obtain the seeds between
the scales. Borrow a neighbor's wheelbarrow. Plough deeper furrows
to-morrow. Our leather shoes. The widow's sorrow. I'll not detain you
long.
5
ferns
herbs
verse
wonder
perfect
pattern
observe
servant
pleasant
merchant
January
February
curious
furious
serious
Dec. means December; Jan., January; Feb., February; Mar., March;
Apr., April. Spring begins Mar. 21; Autumn, Sept. 21.
Winter! It is cloudy but pleasant weather. Snowflakes are quietly
falling. Observe the curious patterns. The wind often breaks their
frail points. Snow forms a perfect covering for the herbs and ferns.
The furious storm did serious damage. The servants were filled with
wonder. Merchants buy and sell. January and February are cold months.
Recite your verses on New Year's Day.
6 (REVIEW)
limbs
yield
herbs
whose
worry
sponge
cigar
circus
mirror
enough
guess
serious
people
beggar
furrow
saucer
perfect
between
weather
autumn
auction
worsted
squirrel
pleasant
February
Boughs are strong limbs. Don't yield to worry. Govern your temper.
I guessed whose circus he saw. Sponge off the cigar ashes from the
mirror. He ploughs an almost perfect furrow. Great swamps lie between
us. The beggar looks serious. The saucy squirrel eats from a saucer.
Autumn weather is pleasant enough. Our people will auction worsted
goods in February.
7
Daisy
dairy
mainly
rainbow
railroad
sailboat
wired
pores
fibres
toward
mustard
custard
explain
contain
breathing
Add --ing to ask, add, farm, sell, print, chirp, shirk, whirl; as,
asking. Notice the two consonants at the end.
The "Daily News" praised Daisy's courage. In the dairy we make
butter mainly. Hail the sailboat. See the arched rainbow toward the
south. The railroad fences are wired. Explain why mustard seed is
ground. I've a pailful of bait and two custard pies. The tired oxen
were nearly mired. The surface of a leaf contains small pores for
breathing. In the stalk are tough fibres or threads.
8
palm
balm
calm
gnat
gnaw
bathe
capsize
allowed
drowned
canoe
beaver
healing
borne
divide
purpose
Add --ing to oil, bowl, seal, suit, cloud, aim, cook, boat; as,
oil, oiling. Notice the two vowels before the last consonant.
Healing balm will cure the sores in the palm of your hand. We'll
bathe in the calm lake. My boat floats. Are we allowed to paddle
canoes? We might capsize and be drowned. The air is full of gnats
and flies. Beavers gnaw down trees and build storehouses. Trees have
boughs with leaves borne on the twigs. Hidden in the earth are the
roots, which divide into rootlets. Their main purpose is to obtain
food from the soil.
9
icy
icing
icicle
argue
value
avenue
eaves
except
through
alarms
annual
beneath
reckon
timber
lumber
To set, skim, spot, hum, sip, snap, plug, add --ing; as, setting.
To pat, dip, spin, blot, chop, skip, drum, add --er; as, patter.
Coasting down icy hills alarms me. Icicles hang from the eaves.
Spread icing over the cake. Oak is of great value. We wheel on the
avenue. We argued for and against it. Trunks of trees never grow
higher except through cutting off some lower boughs. New growth is
added just beneath the inner bark. Woodcutters observe these annual
rings and reckon the tree's age. Timber and lumber are scarce and
dear.
10
saddle
peddle
meddle
reels
beetle
steeple
syrup
maple
purple
spruce
balsam
walnut
molasses
Tuesday
Wednesday
Add --ed, --ing to camp, dress, scald, lunch, track, clinch, thank,
plough; as, camped, camping. Tues., Tuesday; Wed., Wednesday.
Don't meddle with pony's saddle and bridle. Peddle ice. The beetle
has curious wings. He prizes the flowers. The church steeple is
ninety feet high. The maple, beech, birch, alder, poplar, and walnut
lose their purple leaves every autumn. The pine, spruce, fir, cedar,
and balsam remain green. The sap of the sugar maple, when boiled,
yields syrup or molasses. Tuesday and Wednesday, the third and fourth
of February.
11
knit
knot
knob
knack
knock
knuckle
tempt
prompt
glimpse
whittle
prattle
bubbles
coarse
hoarse
uproar
Add --ed and --ing to groan, cheer, fear, aim, spoil, thread, seat,
pout, fool; as, groaned, groaning.
The knave has the knack of knitting quickly. The old knight kneels.
Cut the knot with a knife. He knocked the door knob with his knuckle.
Be prompt to do your duty. Tempt no one. We caught a glimpse of a
vessel afloat. The captain had coarse clothes and a hoarse voice.
Indians whittle. Hear the uproar. Babies prattle. We blew soap
bubbles on Wednesday.
12 (REVIEW)
knit calm bathe gnaw tempt borne fibres pores argue syrup divide
walnut purple icicle balsam peddle hoarse knuckle glimpse Tuesday
I knit mitts. A walnut tree. Calm music quiets us. He argues in a
hoarse voice. We purpose using boughs of spruce and balsam for fires.
The dog gnaws the bone. He ate fibres of lean beef. Peddle maple
syrup. A purple ribbon tempts me to buy. We had a glimpse through a
glass of the pores of the skin. The long icicle was borne away. The
boys skinned their knuckles wiring stove pipes. Bathe my sore heel.
13
berth
stern
asters
offer
differ
suffer
lawyer
lantern
iceberg
vowel
trowel
empire
suppose
support
British
Add --ing to hug, split, clap, flap, flag, wed, span, slam, jar,
whir, whet; as, hugging, splitting.
Arrange the asters in vases. They differ in color. I prefer a berth
in the stern of the vessel. Icebergs float on the sea. Support the
tired mason. Does he suffer pain? I suppose he dropped his trowel.
Offer him a lantern. Uncle is a lawyer. The puppy tears the towel.
Name five vowels. Potters mould clay. Canada is the largest country
in America. In size it is one-third of the whole British Empire.
14
flirt
shirk
mirth
stirred
twirled
thirsty
angle
jingle
spangle
ankle
twinkle
sprinkle
pigeon
dungeon
luncheon
Add --ed to stun, scrub, trip, brag, trim, tar, rip, club, fan,
crop, spur, knit; as, stunned. Copy,--Scotland, Scotch.
The first of July is Canada's birthday. The flirt shirks duty. Mirth
is fun. I stirred a pailful of iced lemonade. I twirled about. The
pigeons bathe. Spangles glitter. Silver coins jingle. Stars twinkle.
Sprinkle roses. Luncheon is ready. We're hungry and thirsty. An ugly
dungeon. I sprained my ankle. An angle of the road. Great Britain is
the greatest empire in the world. 'Britons never shall be slaves.'
15
Turk
turf
lurch
murmur
turban
disturb
scuffle
muffler
shuffle
musket
muzzle
union
totter
mutter
stutter
Add --ed, --ing to cheat, chat; root, rot; stoop, stop; chain, hem;
as, cheated, chatted; cheating, chatting.
Turks are often cruel and savage. The creek murmurs under the grassy
turf. The boat lurched. Don't disturb the woman wearing the turban.
Boys scuffle. Take off your wool muffler. He stutters. Play a game of
authors. Shuffle the cards. The bridge totters. "Load the musket," he
muttered. A fierce dog wears a muzzle. One-fourth of the land surface
of the globe flies the Union Jack.
16
Adam
human
album
capital
several
sentence
enemy
annoy
employ
enjoy
royal
loyal
oysters
destroy
victory
Add --ing, --ed to lock, blot; twist, fit; risk, dip; drift, ship;
as, locking, blotting; locked, blotted. Copy,--England, English.
Madam's album contains several fine pictures. Do you enjoy eating
oysters? Enemies annoy me. Begin each sentence with a capital. Satan
is the enemy of the human race. He tempted Adam and Eve. 'Alfred
the Great' is a royal name. He was King of England many hundred
years ago; he taught his loyal people to read and write. The Danes
destroyed the English villages. The king offered battle and won a
great victory.
17
plaid
plait
hotel
twelfth
welcome
welfare
level
nickel
flannel
ague
fulfil
skilful
shepherd
sandwich
handsome
Add --ed, --ing to sup, sob, wag, bag, wet, step, hum, spur.
A plain is a level stretch or tract of land. Braid your hair into a
plait. A Scotch plaid is a shawl or scarf woven in different colors.
The twelfth month. Skilful doctors differ. Muffle your throat with
flannel. At the hotel we bought a sandwich and coffee for a nickel.
Welcome the handsome shepherd. Look after his welfare. Fulfil my
wishes. I have fever and ague.
18 (REVIEW)
union
fulfil
angle
ague
plaid
oyster
scuffle
loyal
twirl
ankle
human
jingle
trowel
pigeon
enemy
lawyer
flannel
thirsty
welfare
several
skilful
dungeon
shepherd
luncheon
sandwich
The skilful shepherd suffers from ague. He wears flannel and a plaid.
The lawyer's ankles ached. We are loyal to the Union Jack. Several
thirsty boys. A sharp angle. Oyster soup. Wait until luncheon for
sandwiches. Twirl your thumbs. Sleigh bells jingle. A mason's trowel.
Pigeons coo. Fulfil your promise. Satan disturbs human beings. He
destroys the welfare of families. The king's enemy suffered in a
dungeon.
19
roam
loam
foamy
whoa
hoard
soaring
gallop
gallon
dreamt
dealt
wharf
dwarf
measure
pleasure
treasure
Join all-- to so, most, ways, though, ready, one, mighty; as, also.
Notice that 'all' drops one l. Copy,--Ireland, Irish.
The dwarf roams through the country for pleasure. He measures forty
inches high. He dealt in teas. The boats are by the wharf. The ponies
gallop. Shout, Whoa! The roan's mouth is foaming. The hawk is soaring
higher. I dreamt of hoarding up treasures. A soil of sandy loam. I
meant one gallon or four quarts. London in England is the greatest
city in the world.
20
crease
greasy
ceased
jewel
gravel
anthem
collect
correct
connect
grizzly
bargain
fountain
inquire
request
butcher
Add --ish to blue, white, purple, self, girl, boy; as, bluish.
The butcher's gloves are greasy. His clothes are creased. My knitting
unravels. What a clean gravel road! Correct this sentence. Collect
their debts. Connect the two pieces. Elect a chairman. She offers
her jewels at a bargain. The fountain has ceased flowing. Inquire
the reason. In the Rocky Mountains there are giant cedars. In my
travels there I saw grizzly bears. At the Mayor's request, we sang
the National Anthem.
21
medal
final
bridal
veil
heir
rein
throne
peace
dying
potato
tomato
buffalo
tannery
nursery
creamery
Add --y to gust, glass, cream, frost, curl, show; as, gusty. Add
--ery to shrub, pot, slip, rob, pig, tan; as, tannery.
Canada is at peace with all nations. Our creamery butter won the gold
medal. The final match to-day. A horse's rein. The bride wears a
bridal veil. Edward, Prince of Wales, is heir to the throne. Nursery
tales may be bought for a quarter of a dollar. A loamy soil suits
potatoes. The tomatoes are smooth. The buffaloes are dying of thirst.
Leather is made in a tannery.
22
quill
quiver
quartz
waltz
knead
dough
Esther
sword
soldier
temper
temple
granite
expect
attract
factory
Add --y to ease, breeze, slime, bone, rose, stone, smoke, shine,
haste, mire, wire; as, breezy. Notice the final e is dropped.
A leaf quivers. Old Gray's mane. I rapped loudly. Find my quill pen.
Esther kneads the flour and yeast into dough for bread. The soldier's
sword and shield attract us. We expect the Captain to invite us. Our
factory is on the island. Play a waltz. He struck me on the temple. I
knew his ill-temper. There is quartz in granite rocks. The male bird
led the geese.
23
button
mutton
glutton
pistol
morsel
nostril
razor
rascal
pedlar
nibble
babble
gabble
accept
offend
defend
Add --y to mud, fur, slop; and --ish to red, hog, thin; as, muddy;
reddish. Notice the final consonant is doubled.
Pardon my firing off the pistol. Gluttons eat too much. The pedlar
sells buttons. An ill-bred rascal. Is it veal or mutton? He offended
me. His nostrils bleed. Punish wrongdoers. Defend your country.
Accept these red peppers. The razor is steel. Geese gabble. Chub
nibble at the bait. Don't babble so much. Ontario stretches farther
south than France. The king's throne.
24 (REVIEW)
heir
peace
sword
veil
dough
waltz
knead
dwarf
jewel
dying
pistol
attract
island
ceased
quiver
accept
rascal
gallon
request
bargain
soldier
buffalo
pleasure
fountain
creamery
"Peace on earth" the angel said. Cease waltzing. Soldiers wear
pistols and swords. Knead the dough. A gallon of syrup. A tied veil.
The fountain is near the creamery. I accept the buffalo robe with
pleasure. A hare's nostrils. A rascal attracts notice. A bargain in
jewels. Morsels of bread. A dying lawyer's request. The dwarf is heir
to the island. Poplar leaves quiver.
25
prison
poison
sermon
equal
brutal
usual
heaven
forehead
threaten
comfort
compass
company
valise
sardine
machine
Add --en to lead, wax, flax, birch, wood, earth, wheat, oat, ash;
as, leaden. Copy,--A pale maid kneads dough for bread.
Prisons and jails have few comforts. The bottle contains poison.
Brutal deeds. Equal in size. The preacher's forehead was high. He
spoke of heaven. As usual, the sermon was brief. Is your company
coming? Fetch my leather valise. I value my sewing-machine. The
needle of the compass points to the North Pole. December's skies
threaten hail. The mounted police. A dreary season. The polar seas. A
box of sardines.
26
rogue
plague
fatigue
pastor
favor
humor
ghost
yolk
balky
bullet
pulley
pulpit
rifle
warble
walrus
Place un-- before do, lock, dress, veil, seat, fold, hinge, twine,
clasp; as undo. Copy,--On the road are boughs and knotty wood.
The rogue is tricky but good-humored. He requests a favor, a loan
of a hickory stick. Thieves plague us. The rope passes through the
pulley. The pastor of the church is fatigued. His pulpit is of carved
walnut. The mules were balky. Rifle bullets are of lead. A ghost
story. Eat the yolks of eggs. Birds warble. An Eskimo dresses in furs
of the seal, walrus, or white bear.
27
onion
million
opinion
error
errand
harbor
ivory
history
horrid
Olive
parasol
seldom
region
fashion
cushion
Put dis-- before like, please, grace, place, cover, agree, lodge,
obey, appear; as dislike. Copy,--The sewing girl sews a seam.
Millions of onions are grown in light soil. Olive seldom offers an
opinion on any question. She makes few errors. I go on errands. Touch
lightly the white ivory keys. Your parasol is quite in fashion. The
cushion is lying on the lounge. Several steamboats made the harbor.
Do you read history? That horrid wretch. The Eskimo dwell in the
frozen regions. Their reindeer live on moss.
28
donkey
jockey
volley
alley
chimney
turkey
turtle
curdle
current
nettle
brittle
tattle
hostler
hustled
freckled
Add --s to day, play, key, turkey, jay, monkey, boy, joy, alley,
toy, way; as, days. Notice the vowel before y.
Two jockeys rode the prize donkeys. Fire two volleys up the valley.
I lent four dozen alleys. Chimneys are built of brick and mortar.
Turkeys are dear. He sees a turtle caught. The current of the river
is rapid. The milk curdles. The crowd hustled the thief along. A
freckled face. Nettles scratched his palms. A hostler stayed at our
hotel. Don't tattle. Hickory is not brittle wood. Goats graze in the
lane.
29
journey
nourish
flourish
carrot
beckon
buckle
baggage
engine
endure
civil
citron
citizen
belief
mischief
kerchief
Add --ful (full) to fear, harm, trust, shame, truth, fright, grace;
as, fearful. Copy,--A well-bred youth won the medal.
Boiled carrots nourish calves. Reckon the cost of your journey. Palm
trees flourish in the south. Buckle my straps. Our friends beckon to
us. The baggage is checked. I build steam-engines. I can't endure
liars. This soldier prays every day. He is civil and polite to the
citizens. Do no mischief. It is my belief that the thief carried off
the citron in his handkerchief.
30 (REVIEW)
belief
usual
ivory
valise
alley
ghost
onion
guest
equal
citizen
sermon
fatigue
poison
seldom
plague
heaven
parasol
engine
compass
current
machine
journey
opinion
chimney
mischief
She carries a parasol. Poisons usually kill. The heavens are the
higher regions. A muddy stream seldom has a strong current. Our
guest's valise. An ivory-handled knife. Sermons on our belief.
A narrow alley. Long journeys fatigue me. A knitting machine. A
sailor's compass. The hostler plagues me. His good-humor and mischief
amuse the citizens. A toy engine. My friend grows onions and citrons.
Be civil children.
31
parrot
ballot
balloon
ascend
descend
lecture
erect
direct
expect
tassel
stirrup
rescue
pursue
avenue
continue
Add --less to law, sleep, cease, leaf, shoe, smoke, dust, cloud.
The parrot says "Pretty Polly." Vote by ballot. We ascend in a
balloon. The guide directs us. We intend to descend in half an hour.
Stand erect. He expects to lecture. My cushions have tassels. The
saddle has stirrups. Hounds pursue the hare. A team of balky ponies
on our avenue drew a crowd of people. Continue to improve. Rescue us
from being drowned. Jacob and Esau were the sons of Isaac. Rachel was
Joseph's mother.
32
awful
awkward
awning
grumble
thimble
ramble
oblige
refuge
college
package
passage
message
choir
chorus
anchor
Add --en to wide, white, like, straight, bright, broad, light; as,
widen. Copy,--I need a whole bundle of tracts here.
An awful example. We sought refuge in a narrow passage, under an
awning. The package is awkward to carry. Oblige me by taking this
message. The student rambles about the college grounds. Esther
grumbles over her sewing. Her thimble is too large. I'll sing the low
bass notes. Join in the chorus. The ship's anchor is heavy. The value
of Canada's wheat, cheese, and cattle increases rapidly each year.
33
myth
hymn
lynx
Egypt
gypsy
system
mimic
comic
frolic
antic
picnic
cambric
violet
violin
violent
Add --er to bake, bathe, bite, write, smoke, vote, poke; as, baker.
Copy,--Ring the bells. The church bell tolled slowly.
Myths are strange stories. The lynx is a cousin of the tiger. Sing
hymns, not comic songs. The parrot mimics my voice. The black-eyed
gypsy tells fortunes cleverly. Play the violin gently not violently.
Smell the odor of violets. What system of writing are you taught?
Watch the antics of the young bears as they frolic in their den. A
cambric handkerchief was tied in knots at the picnic.
34
type
style
rhyme
ceiling
receive
deceive
either
neither
column
gospel
gossip
gosling
tomb
ostrich
purchase
Put --'s after turkey, donkey, company, army, fly; as, The fly's
wing. Copy,--A steel knife. The brakes creak.
Purchase the nursery rhymes printed in large type. Either style will
suit. Gossips tattle idly. The ceiling is high. I received neither
the ribbon nor the ostrich feather. Doesn't he deceive you? Add the
column of figures. A gosling is a young goose. 'Gospel' means good
news. Richard, the Lion Heart, was a brave knight. He fought the
Turks in the Holy Land to rescue from them the sacred tomb of our
Lord.
35
idea
eagle
measles
total
profit
secret
ocean
voyage
truant
prosper
whisper
whisker
Canadian
guardian
Christian
Add --er to cut, dig, chop, chat; as, cutter. Add --y to knot, fat,
sun, star, spot, wit; as, knotty. Copy,--Hurrah for Santa Claus and
Christmas! The doe's fawn. New Year's Eve.
Eagles are birds of prey. I have an idea that the children have
measles. The beaver is a Canadian emblem. Kittens have whiskers. The
truant whispers a secret to his guardian. Many merchants prosper.
Their total profits increase. Our forefathers came from Christian
countries. Their ocean voyage required several weeks.
36 (REVIEW)
idea
gypsy
type
picnic
hymn
rescue
tassel
ceiling
ascend
parrot
chorus
oblige
awful
anchor
college
secret
violet
truant
rhyme
violin
frolic
total
eagle
ocean
column
A gypsy's idea. We need faith and courage. The hymns, rhymes, and
choruses are in small type. Lambs frolic. Rescue the bitten parrot.
The descent was awful. The ocean steamer is a total wreck. Oblige
me by singing a college song at the picnic. The truant watches the
eagle. Our secret thoughts. The columns ascend to the ceiling of the
tomb. My parasol has a violet tassel. We received a message to weigh
anchor.
37
jostle
bustle
gristle
chatter
shatter
shutter
gamble
nimble
rumble
release
increase
decrease
salad
salary
banana
Add --ish to snap, style; fat, rogue; pet, slave; red, ape; hog,
blue; as, snappish, stylish. Copy,--Don't stare at the nun's veil.
The pupils wrestle and jostle each other. Try the lettuce salad. He
bustles off to close the shutters. There is gristle in the beefsteak.
Will the price of bananas increase or decrease? Monkeys chatter.
Their fingers are active and nimble. Heavy wagons rumble along the
road. Does thunder shatter window-panes? Release the prisoner. He
moans and groans. He loses money by gambling. The honest youth wears
stylish clothes. His salary is paid weekly.
38
deny
reply
supply
chequers
chestnut
chipmunk
burly
furled
sturdy
occur
fluid
bacon
process
success
subtract
Add --ing, --es, --ed, to pity, copy, deny, reply, study, supply;
as, pitying, pities, pitied. Copy,--A baby's shoe.
A burly butcher supplies our bacon. Can you subtract? I'll explain
the process. The sturdy boy denies throwing chestnut burs. It often
occurs. I'm chuckling over my success at chequers. Please reply by
next mail. Beef teas are fluid. The chipmunk has stripes on its back
and pouches in its cheeks. He unfurled the Union Jack. Busy until
recess.
39
copper
cobbler
toddler
tingle
mingle
shingle
jangle
wrangle
bungled
scorn
scoff
scowl
address
express
possess
Add --ing, --es, --ed, to spy, pry, bury, marry, hurry, worry; as,
spying, spies, spied. Copy,--Our family's name.
Don't linger any longer. My fingers tingle with cold. Wait for the
wee toddler. The maid's proud gait. Men jangle and wrangle over such
trifles. Value this bungled piece of work. Two foul creeks mingle.
Shingle the roof. The copper kettle. The cobbler sews shoes. He
should scorn to beg. Don't scoff, or scowl at beggars. Doesn't he
possess great wealth? Send the parcel by express to my address.
40
novel
hovel
panel
rocket
bucket
bracket
slipper
blister
distress
perfect
permit
perform
repeat
defeat
retreat
Add --ing, --s, --d, to die, tie, lie, hie, as dying, dies, died.
Copy,--The enemy's camp. A lady's veil.
In these hovels the women are almost always reading novels. Paint a
perfect panel. The rockets ascend and burst. An oaken bucket or pail.
Fasten the bracket with a nail. A pair of leather slippers. Blisters
may cause much distress. Permit me to repeat the tale. Perform
gracefully. Their army suffered defeat. Many soldiers perished in the
retreat.
41
alter
halter
reward
squad
squib
esquire
tether
whether
together
insult
result
sultry
dictate
imitate
separate
Add --ing, --s, --ed to pay, say, lay; as, paying, pays, paid; and
--ly, to gay, day, as gaily. Copy,--He sees leeks in the lane.
Alter the figures. What is the result? What reward does Thomas Johns,
Esquire, offer? See the squads of soldiers drilling. Don't insult our
friends. Make a squib of this firecracker. A sultry Tuesday. Tie this
rope to the horse's halter. Tether him to the stake. Imitate Paul's
groan. Dictate loudly. I don't know whether they board together or in
separate cottages.
42 (REVIEW)
chatter
gamble
dictate
rumble
gristle
reply
occur
salad
bacon
fluid
linger
scowl
jangle
cobble
novel
banana
possess
defeat
esquire
wrangle
whether
increase
subtract
success
separate
My teeth chatter. A dog chews tough gristly meat. Have some bacon
or salad. It won't occur again. A train rumbled past. Try a banana.
Fluids flow easily. Choose a novel. Subtract ninety. Squire Hughes
lingers a moment. The cobblers separate. The miners jangle and
wrangle as they gamble. One chuckles, the other scowls. Increase the
learning you now possess. Sometimes defeat has led to success.
43
engage
carriage
marriage
serge
gauze
sieve
whoop
giggle
wiggle
aisle
brake
script
trustee
prosper
tobacco
Copy,--due, duly; true, truly; whole, wholly.
The trustees have engaged a teacher. The carriage has a brake to
check its speed. Don't crowd in the aisle of the church to see the
marriage. May they prosper. Boys whoop. Girls giggle. Read the words
in script. Make screens of thin gauze. Use a coarse sieve. Your serge
suit smells of tobacco. Eels squirm and wiggle. Yours truly. Duly
paid. Wholly evil.
44
abuse
accuse
refuse
funeral
murder
further
bury
coffin
hearse
edging
stingy
bleach
elegant
elephant
alphabet
Never abuse dumb animals. We accused him of stealing. He refused to
talk further about the murder. Bury the dead. A plain coffin. The
black hearse. Tying his shoe. The edging is torn. A stingy quart. The
cotton is bleached. The elephant's figure is not elegant or graceful.
Repeat the whole alphabet.
Dare to do right! Dare to be true!
The failings of others can never save you;
Stand by your duty, your honour, your faith,
Stand like a hero and battle till death.--_Wilson._
45
cough
trough
depth
length
strength
breadth
injure
minute
promise
declare
prepare
compare
pious
famous
nervous
My clerk is cheerful but pious. A cough makes me nervous. Famous
doctors. Promise to prepare. Under the eaves is a zinc trough. Don't
injure your health. Compare answers. The judge will declare the
result in a minute. The length and breadth are equal.
All hail to the broad-leaved Maple!
With her fair and changeful dress,
A type of our youthful country,
In its pride and loveliness.
46
coins
noisy
loiter
voice
rejoice
appoint
acre
agent
crate
soul
choir
reign
instant
distant
station
Collect old coins. King George reigns. The noisy freight train. A
distant station. The busy agent sells crates of choice wares. He
doesn't loiter an instant. Half an acre. Appoint the hour. The choir
sang a hymn. I rejoice to hear that the ointment will heal your
wound. The clothes were washed, wrung out, then dried on the smooth
beach. Tow the boat. Choose an awl. There is constant pain in my
eyes.
47
desire
retire
advise
advice
decide
excite
pitcher
catcher
hatchet
repair
rowdy
memory
anxious
plumber
umbrella
Add --ing, --d, to dye, singe, eye, toe, hoe, shoe, canoe; as,
dyeing, dyed; toeing, toed. Dyeing the cloth red.
The pitcher is excited. The catcher desires to retire. The team is
anxious. Give the rowdy some good advice. His memory fails him. The
plumber advises me. I decided to buy a hatchet. Repair my umbrella.
48 (REVIEW)
acre
soul
coin
sieve
choir
serge
aisle
brake
bury
gauze
bogus
whoop
hearse
accuse
trough
injure
nervous
loiter
anxious
plumber
minute
tobacco
breadth
marriage
elephant
An acre of land for a burying ground. The soul never dies. A sieve
to sift flour. A cloak of blue serge. The choir march up the aisle.
Indians whoop. Apply the brakes. Don't touch poison-ivy. A thin gauze
covers the glass hearse. We accuse the plumber of using bogus coin.
Tobacco injures the health. Drive the calves from the trough. We rode
the elephant. For some minutes we were nervous. The breadth of the
field. I loitered to view the marriage.
49
motor
liquor
police
justice
goblet
brooch
social
special
christen
attempt
hearsay
farewell
exercise
examine
example
scramble
eyesight
fortnight
bedstead
headache
multiply
arithmetic
lonesome
good-bye
Write in a short sentence each word in these columns. Use properly
in sentences each of the following: too, knows, here, their, new,
write, wring, pair, fore, buy, blew, road, aunt, cent.
Canada, Canada, land of the Maple,
Queen of the forest, and river, and lake;
Open thy soul to the voice of thy people,
Close not thine heart to the music they make.--_Reade._
RULES.
1. The letters _f_, _l_, or _s_ at the end of words of one syllable
and after a single vowel are usually double; as, muff, ball, grass.
2. Words ending in _e_ usually drop it on adding _ing_ or any other
suffix beginning with a vowel; as, come, coming; bride, bridal;
love, lovable.
3. Words of one syllable, and words accented on the last syllable,
if they end in a single consonant with a single vowel before it,
usually double the final consonant on adding _ing_, _ed_, or any
other suffix beginning with a vowel; as, rob, robbed; mad, madden;
admit, admitting; begin, beginner.
4. Words in _y_ with a consonant before it usually change the _y_
into _i_ when a suffix not beginning with _i_ is added; as, cry,
cries, crying.
5. The apostrophe (') is used to indicate the omission of one or
more letters; as, didn't for did not; can't for cannot; let's, let
us; I'm, I am; you're, you are; isn't, is not.
REVIEW OF THE DIFFICULT WORDS.
accept
accuse
acre
address
aisle
alley
alphabet
anchor
ankle
annual
10
anxious
argue
arithmetic
ascend
attempt
auction
auger
August
author
autumn
20
avenue
awkward
awful
awning
baggage
balky
balloon
balm
balsam
banana
30
bargain
bathe
bedstead
belief
beneath
borne
bosom
breadth
bridal
brittle
40
brooch
buffalo
brutal
butcher
calm
cambric
canoe
capital
capsize
carriage
50
caution
ceiling
cellar
chestnut
chimney
choir
chorus
christen
Christian
Christmas
60
circus
cleanse
citizen
coarse
college
column
compass
continue
cough
creamery
70
crease
curious
current
curtain
cushion
custom
dealt
deceive
descend
dictate
80
divide
dough
drowned
dungeon
dwarf
eaves
either
elephant
enemy
engine
90
English
enough
equal
error
example
except
excite
exercise
eyesight
fatigue
100
feather
February
flannel
flourish
forehead
fortnight
fuel
fulfil
funeral
furious
110
gamble
gauze
ghost
glimpse
gnaw
good-bye
gristle
grizzly
guardian
guessed
120
guest
guide
gypsy
handsome
headache
hearsay
heaven
heir
hoard
hoarse
130
horehound
hostler
humor
hustled
hymn
iceberg
icicle
imitate
injure
ivory
140
jewel
journey
justice
kerchief
knead
knit
knock
knots
knuckle
laundry
150
lawyer
liquor
loiter
lonesome
luncheon
lynx
machine
marriage
mayor
measles
160
measure
medal
meddle
merchant
message
million
minute
mirror
mischief
molasses
170
morsel
muffler
multiply
muzzle
myth
neither
nickel
nimble
nostril
oblige
180
occur
ocean
onion
opinion
ostrich
oysters
palm
parasol
parrot
peddle
190
pedlar
people
picnic
pigeon
pistol
plague
plaid
plait
pleasant
plumber
200
poison
police
possess
potato
prompt
pulley
pulpit
purchase
purpose
pursue
210
quartz
quiver
rascal
razor
receive
refuge
region
reign
reins
rejoice
220
request
rescue
rhyme
roam
rogue
rough
royal
saddle
salad
salary
230
sandwich
sardine
saucer
sausage
scramble
script
scuffle
secret
seldom
sentence
240
separate
serious
several
shepherd
shovel
sieve
skilful
soaring
social
soldier
soul
special
sponge
squirrel
stirrup
255
subtract
success
sword
syrup
system
tassel
temple
tempt
thimble
thrones
through
tobacco
together
tomb
tough
270
toward
treasure
trough
trowel
Tuesday
twinkle
union
until
usual
valise
veil
victory
violent
voice
volley
285
voyage
weather
Wednesday
welcome
welfare
wharf
whether
whose
worship
worsted
wrangle
yeast
yield
yolk
zinc
300
Thy choicest gifts in store
On him be pleased to pour,
Long may he reign!
May he defend our laws,
And ever give us cause
To sing with heart and voice,
God save the King.
PRONOUNCE.
NOTE.--See that the italicized letters are distinctly pronounced.
acorn, ā´korn
acts, ak_t_s
again, a gen´
alder, a̤l´dėr
always, a̤l´wāys
alms, ämz
ant, ant
any, en´ni
apron, ā´prun
asked, as_k_t
aunt, änt
balm, bäm
bath, bäth
baths, bäTHz
bathe, bāTH
beard, bērd
burst, bėrst
calf, käf
calm, käm
can't, känt
catch, k_a_ch
creek, krēk
crept, krep_t_
dance, dans
daub, da̤b
daunt, da̤nt
deaf, def
dew, dū
dost, dust
duke, dūk
duly, dū´li
e'er, ār
elm, elm
err, er
every, ev´ėr-i
fluid, flṳ´id
food, föd
for, for
from, from
gape, gāp
God, god
grimy, grī´mi
half, häf
halve, hav
haunt, ha̤nt
helm, helm
hoist, h_oi_st
hoof, höf
idea, ī-dē´a
ivory, ī´vōri
just, j_u_st
kept, kep_t_
laugh, läf
leapt, lēp_t_
length, len_g_´th
lief, lēf
loam, lōam
loose, lös
lose, löz
moth, moth
new, nū
niche, nich
none, nun
oaths, ōTHz
of, ov
often, of´n
orphan, or´-phan
oven, uv´n
palms, päms
peril, per´il
piano, pi-ä´no
plaid, plād
plait, plāt
poem, pō´em
pretty, prit´i
psalm, säm
quoit, koit
quoth, kwoth
real, rē´al
resin, rez´in
rinse, rins
roof, röf
said, sed
salve, säv
several, sev´ėr-al
sewer, sū´er
shrub, s_h_rub
since, sins
sixth, siks_th_
sleek, slēk
soot, söt
suit, s_ū_t
syrup, sir´up
taunt, ta̤nt
teat, tēt
tepid, tep´id
tiny, tī´ni
tulip, tū´lip
with, wiTH
yeast, yēst
Fāte, fa̤ll, fär, fat; mē, met, hėr; pīne, pin, nōte, not, möve;
tübe, tub, bṳll; TH, _th_en, th, _th_in; oil, chain.
STANDARD III. SENIOR.
GRADE 5.
1
halve
salve
salmon
almonds
quality
quantity
squander
squabble
tenant
vacant
gallant
remnant
balance
distance
instance
substance
Add --ing to lose, line, lace, pare, idle, leave, ache; as, losing.
Apply salve to the gallant soldier's sore eyes. He halved the citron
in an instant. Divide the almonds. Don't squander your substance
or earnings. Our tenants paid the balance due. The cottage is some
distance off. Squabbling, for instance, hinders quiet work. The
remnant of the serge is of choice quality. Great quantities of salmon
are caught in the Fraser.
2
ulcer
cancer
grocer
officer
famine
imagine
heroine
medicine
primary
library
contrary
burglary
guidance
grievance
entrance
hindrance
Add mis-- to step, state, spell, spend, sent, shaped; as, misstep.
A primary pupil's guidance was welcome. The burglary at the grocer's
puzzles me. A narrow, misshapen entrance to the library will prove
a serious hindrance. Contrary to orders, the officer misspent the
money. He gulped a dose of acid medicine. Don't misspell common
words. She imagines herself a heroine. The India famine. The knight's
grievance. Cancers and ulcers are diseased growths.
3
altar
almanac
alderman
balcony
warrior
warrant
warfare
war-whoop
alms
isles
phases
phrases
tedious
various
bilious
studious
Add --ing, --es, and --ed to empty, reply, marry, bury, study,
supply, defy, satisfy; as, emptying, empties, emptied.
The warrior knelt at the altar. The tedious warfare had wearied
him. The almanac foretells the moon's various phases. What ails the
studious scholar on the balcony? Merely a bilious headache. I bade
him total the column. I'm satisfied with the supplies. Phrases are
not sentences. Isles in the ocean. An Indian's war-whoop. Elect an
alderman. Asking alms is begging.
4
fertile
sterile
hostile
reptile
badger
cudgel
burrow
burial
merely
anxiety
nuisance
riddance
lattice
poultice
crevice
liquorice
Join --ing to upset, begin, forget, omit, prefer; as, upsetting.
Poultice your sore throat. Liquorice relieves a cough. I ate oyster
patties. Huge ants crept through the crevice. Alter the lattice
porch. His enemies, trudging along with heavy cudgels, looked very
hostile. He brews ale or beer from malt. The soil is not fertile,
but sterile, fit merely for a burial ground. I relieved a lawyer's
anxiety about his collie. Are lizards reptiles? We made a riddance of
the badgers. Their burrows were a nuisance.
5
honest
exhort
exhibit
exhaust
stomach
monarch
vinegar
vineyard
plumage
foliage
drainage
advantage
barrier
carrier
terrier
furrier
Put dis-- before honest, loyal, proved, agreed, lodge, quiet,
honor, credit, figure, own; as, dishonest.
The Monarch of Great Britain and Ireland. Italy has many vineyards.
The mail-carrier exhorts us to be honest. I'm exhausted by climbing
the barrier. Farmers know the advantage of tile drainage. The furrier
exhibits an Irish terrier. Vinegar disagrees with my stomach. Parrots
of gayest plumage flew through the dense foliage.
6 (REVIEW)
isle
salve
altar
grocer
vacant
honest
foliage
exhaust
anxiety
furrier
phrases
nuisance
terrier
library
stomach
exhibit
riddance
almonds
poultice
medicine
vineyard
squabble
grievance
hindrance
Grocers sell teas, coffees, spices, almonds, but not salves or
medicines. The furrier exhibits a lynx. Thieves are dishonest. In the
library the owner of the vineyard aired his grievance. The thorny
brambles and thick foliage were hindrances. The Scotch terrier knows
the mail-carrier's knock. A weak stomach causes anxiety. Poultice my
thumb. Buried in a sacred isle.
7
starry
scarred
giraffe
lacrosse
bargain
chieftain
scaffold
stubborn
vague
league
plague
brogue
gallery
slippery
millinery
machinery
Copy,--A baby's brooch. I bought two ladies' brooches. A lady's
blouse. Ladies' blouses for sale. Enemies' camps.
The rogue used Irish brogue. Slippery stairs led to the gallery. I'm
captain of the lacrosse team in the junior league. The starry skies.
Ladies' millinery is often expensive. The Scottish chieftain was a
stubborn fighter. He had a vague idea of escaping the scaffold. The
giraffe is scarred with wounds. A plague of gnats and flies. The
machinery was sold at a bargain.
8
credit
summit
culprit
benefit
severe
severity
persevere
interfere
piety
nicety
gimlet
eaglet
delicate
intimate
fortunate
porcupine
Copy,--A jockey's horse. Two jockeys' horses. A donkey's travels.
Monkeys' tricks. Donkeys' ears.
Moderate supplies will not satisfy the eaglets on the rocky summit. A
porcupine's quill pierced the unfortunate culprit's thigh. Persevere
in boring the hole; but don't interfere with my gimlet. The severe
weather will benefit my niece. Notice the nicety of their speech and
the piety of their intimate friends. High ceilings. A hart is a male
deer. A fierce boar chased Ernest.
9
frolic
traffic
elastic
electric
crystal
mystery
bicycle
tricycle
cleanly
heather
cunning
lullaby
inferior
superior
interior
exterior
Copy,--Men's and boys' overcoats. Women's parasols. Girls' waists.
Infants' wraps. A turkey's feather. Turkeys' wings.
The exterior and the interior of the engine are polished. Most
babies' eyes look cunning. A sweet lullaby. I prefer a bicycle to a
tricycle. An elastic band disappeared in the frolic. The electric
light is a mystery. Employ cleanly and superior servants. Freight
traffic is heavier. Dye the arrows red. Ewes graze in the meadows.
Heather is purple. Water, clear as crystal.
10
crackle
shackle
chuckle
speckled
lynch
syringe
patient
quotient
agreed
indeed
proceed
succeed
familiar
peculiar
horizon
horizontal
Add --d, --ing to glide, disable, glance, grudge, provoke, tremble,
trickle, trifle, trudge; as, glided, gliding.
He agreed to proceed slyly. Shackle the prisoner. The torch is
crackling. Use the syringe. He chuckles as he buckles the harness.
His eyes seem familiar but his walk or gait is peculiar. The horizon
seems ablaze. Negroes are sometimes lynched in the Southern States.
Horizontal beams. Be patient, the quotient is correct.
11
preface
surface
retrace
embrace
bureau
biscuit
ketchup
moustache
knoll
knavish
increase
decrease
vagrant
fragrant
stagnant
ignorant
Join --ness to slow, fast, rough, smooth, weak, numb, coarse,
prompt, calm, deaf, mean, even, plain, keen; as, keenness.
The brief preface shows sense. The whole surface seemed knolls, rough
boulders, and stagnant pools. The knavish pedlar carries biscuits and
ketchup. The vagrant twirls his moustache. A quaint bureau fragrant
with roses. Ignorant of Canadian customs. Pause for each clause.
Misers' hoards increase; their comforts decrease. Retrace your
footsteps. A mother's embrace.
12 (REVIEW)
clause
league
culprit
knavish
bureau
quotient
peculiar
chieftain
persevere
ignorant
moustache
machinery
biscuit
syringe
patient
decrease
lacrosse
mystery
lynch
giraffe
gallery
bicycle
superior
delicate
Our maid was ignorant of the mysteries of dyeing. By persevering she
succeeded in kneading dough for biscuit. She has a peculiar stare,
but is certainly a superior servant. The chieftain waxes his reddish
moustache. They may lynch the culprit who knavishly interfered with
the machinery. On the bureau is a model of a bicycle near a picture
of a giraffe. The patient is in delicate health.
13
gaudy
pauper
haunted
gauntlet
musical
medical
musician
physician
withhold
nowhere
loophole
threshold
accident
hesitate
meditate
obstinate
Add --ness to saucy, heavy, weighty, cleanly, lazy, lively, easy,
chilly, hasty, musty; as, sauciness.
The musician meditates on a new hymn. The heir's birthday. Nowhere
would physicians or medical men withhold medicine from a pauper.
The obstinate knave's laziness and sauciness made them hesitate.
The great heaviness or weightiness of lead. I innocently caused an
accident. The door-hinges creaked. He threw the gauntlet on the
threshold of the haunted chamber.
14
hyena
hyphen
cycling
hyacinth
victuals
cayenne
conquer
conquest
dye-stuff
rye-bread
therefore
buckwheat
ravine
vaseline
benzine
magazine
Add --y to humble, noble, single, double, forcible, ease, able,
ample, simple, wheeze; as, humbly.
"Rye-bread" requires a hyphen. Before the tempest it was calm in the
ravine. Use cayenne pepper sparingly on victuals. Benzine removes
stains. Vaseline is advertised in the weekly magazine. The savage
hyena was conquered. We see lovely hyacinths when cycling. Lye comes
through leaching ashes. Dye-stuff injured his eyesight, therefore he
wears glasses.
15
talons
dragon
ransom
random
baffle
ruffle
tussle
muddle
mumble
hubbub
smuggle
straddle
infancy
vacancy
resemble
assemble
Join --d, --ing to meddle, tattle, haggle, prattle, crinkle,
cackle, kindle, stifle, puddle; as, meddled, meddling.
The eagle's cruel talons. St. George slew the dragon. A blazing
chimney baffled the brigade. After a severe tussle he seized the
smuggler's dagger. Avoid mumbling words. Random efforts are usually
vain. Ransom the captive from the tower. Choose a roan mare. In
infancy he resembled my nephew whose legacy he enjoys. Crowds
assembled. Fill the vacancy. A good policy.
16
ulster
bolster
upholster
register
moisten
moisture
pastime
furniture
tangle
triangle
mangled
dangling
garbage
herbage
encourage
discourage
Write --ing after piece, pierce, grieve, dangle, jingle, arise,
deserve, drizzle, resemble, assemble; as, piercing.
My ulster resists moisture. Weigh the feather bolster. Erase their
names from the register. Flying kites is a boy's pastime. A triangle
has three corners. Moisten the clothes. A mangled limb. Bury the
decayed herbage and other garbage. See the cord dangling. Upholster
the lounge at the furniture factory. Encourage the scholar. He seems
discouraged.
17
affect
protect
inspect
prospect
bantam
banners
fleeting
greeting
plight
delight
sight-seer
twilight
satchel
thatched
petticoat
hoar-frost
To worthy, hungry, speedy, crusty, cheery, airy, weary, angry,
sturdy, dreary, add --er, --est; as, worthier, worthiest.
The prospect of bathing at twilight delights us. Satchel in hand,
he inspected our quiet village. Even the sight-seers were affected
by the children's greeting. A thatched roof often leaks. See the
hoar-frost glisten. A sorry plight, a clumsier gait. Protect the
herdsman's bantams. Baby clutches a red banner. The fleeting hour.
18 (REVIEW)
gaudy
plight
ravine
tussle
affect
hyphen
ransom
ruffle
satchel
smuggle
victuals
moisture
pastime
muscle
cycling
fatigue
nowhere
therefore
cayenne
withhold
vaseline
physician
threshold
magazine
Hewing wood exercises the muscles. Cycling for pastime causes slight
fatigue. A whole horde of smugglers. My victuals were withheld. A
sorry plight. He threw the magazine on the threshold, and seized his
satchel. He was fined for using foul oaths. My heart was, therefore,
sore with grief. Nowhere in the ravine have I seen moisture or
hoar-frost. Physicians wrap up in furs.
19
dealt
deafness
stealthy
endeavor
trounce
trousers
aroused
announce
matron
sexton
summon
Solomon
vulgar
grammar
similar
particular
Put en-- before able, noble, large, rage, circle, dear, camp, wrap,
feeble, slave, title; as, enable.
The hale and hearty sexton is threatened with deafness. The matron
of the hospital dealt with the rogue. The thief in tweed trousers
was severely trounced. Endeavor to learn grammar. The calendars are
similar. We received a summons to haul down our colors. The sun's
rays. Steer for the pier. Vulgar talk arouses the wrath of the
officers and guests. A sly, stealthy step.
20
sinews
pewter
skewer
steward
oarsmen
boarding
reproach
approach
rebel
tunnel
spaniel
Spaniard
Arctic
Pacific
Atlantic
Antarctic
Add --ful to mourn, power, respect, hope, delight, youth, trust.
The injured oarsmen moan and groan with pain but utter no oaths. A
gaunt Spaniard sought a boarding-house. He reproached his spaniel for
approaching the gray mare and foal. Near the tunnel entrance is a
lime-kiln. The rebels swore on the Holy Book. Through a clever ruse
we won a goal. A pewter spoon. The steward's muscles and sinews are
strong. A skewer fastens the roast. The Pacific and Antarctic oceans.
21
terror
horror
traitor
portrait
insane
profane
baneful
hurricane
absence
essence
commence
difference
vicious
precious
gracious
spacious
Copy,--Negro, negress; emperor, empress; duke, duchess; prince,
princess; actor, actress; hunter, huntress.
Their profane oaths, baneful and vicious language filled us with
horror. A fire commenced in our absence. The servants were almost
insane with terror. Portraits and precious keepsakes of our gracious
empress were seized by the traitors. Many rare jewels were buried
on the ocean beach. There is a difference between the juice and the
essence of lemon. A furious hurricane.
22
adore
encore
restore
explore
necktie
nickname
shamrock
shipwreck
thrifty
panther
Sabbath
sheathed
wallop
wallow
drenched
wrenched
Join --ful to will, skill, peace, grace; as, wilful, graceful.
Swine wallow in the mire. The soldier on guard was drenched with
rain. He sheathed his sword. He wrenched the pistol from the
villain's grasp, and walloped him. In exploring the Arctic seas, we
heard awful tales of shipwreck. Select pieces for encores. I admire
the four-leaved shamrock. Panthers and hyenas are savage. Avoid
nicknames. Plaid neckties. The holy Sabbath. Worship and adore Him.
Restore all borrowed supplies.
23
zero
cargo
volcano
mosquito
quarry
quarrel
bankrupt
scripture
sulphur
triumph
prophet
camphor
comical
festival
vertical
practical
Add --ess to lion, poet, heir, count, baron, govern; and to mister,
tiger, hunter, songster, waiter; as, mistress.
Write a zero or naught. A practical builder hews stone from the
vertical walls of the quarry. The cargo of bankrupt stock has
arrived. The harvest festivals are announced in autumn. The chief
returned in triumph. The New Testament Scriptures. I smell camphor.
Great musical revivals commenced in Wales. The mosquitoes annoy the
actress. Sulphur is hurled from the volcano.
24 (REVIEW)
zero
dealt
encore
quarry
Arctic
wallow
arouse
traitor
profane
essence
trousers
vertical
vicious
sulphur
quarrel
prophet
summons
wrenched
portrait
approach
scripture
mosquito
precious
difference
A vicious beggar approached the lime-kiln. His profane oaths aroused
the portrait painter's anger. The hale old sailor hauls loads of
sulphur to the piers. A hearty encore. The deer has lain down among
the fir trees. The giraffe was led to a high stake and tied there.
A quarrel commenced near the quarry. The Arctic Circle. The prophet
Daniel. Read the Scriptures through.
25
accent
decent
century
innocent
victor
victim
verdict
Victoria
science
scissors
scenery
scented
element
elevator
skeleton
celebrate
Put im-- before pure, proper, perfect, polite, patient, prudent.
The victim of the wreck was an innocent pianist, skilled in the
elements of science. The victor was a decent but impatient lawyer
with a Scottish accent. What delightful, rugged scenery! An imperfect
skeleton of a buffalo. The verdict was in our favor. The storm
destroyed a huge elevator. The twentieth century celebrates Queen
Victoria's birthday. A scented cambric handkerchief. He peddles
scissors and skeins of yarn.
26
solemn
condemn
Saviour
behavior
gouge
indulge
draught
laughter
twitch
twitter
whinny
whimper
peasant
pheasant
assistant
assistance
Place dis-- before mount, lodge, courage, grace, unite, continue.
The crippled peasant dreaded the assistant's threat to poison his
pheasants. Be truthful in business. Swallows twitch and twitter.
The steeds whinny when unhitched from the whipple-trees. The hounds
whimper. The Chief Justice solemnly condemned the officer. The
Saviour of the world awed their wicked behavior. The chimney-flue has
a great draught. Roars of hearty laughter.
27
afford
assort
absorb
portion
apparel
apparent
excellent
continent
assert
dessert
goddess
headdress
sculptor
bachelor
professor
conductor
Put fore-- with tell, see, run, warn, show, stall; as, foretell.
After dessert, a professor read a droll essay on our continent. The
celebrated sculptor is apparently a bachelor. He moulds the figure
of a goddess. The excellent actress in neat apparel is absorbed
in headdresses. The heiress foresees fraud but feigns assent. The
conductor jostled the people in the aisle. Assort a portion of the
colors. Use minnows as bait for bass.
28
whir
whirl
virgin
origin
intrude
confuse
consume
conclude
salute
dispute
compute
execute
visible
possible
terrible
horrible
Put in-- before correct, complete, direct, human, exact, active.
The barren trees are consumed. Virgin soil has never grown grain.
Horrible crimes possibly owe their origin to disputes. The intruder
withdrew, seeming quite confused. Whirled round by machinery.
Terrible bruises were visible. The dead bugler's bier. Salute the
duchess. I concluded the accused would duly execute the dredging. A
partridge whirred past.
29
acute
curate
cucumber
cultivate
adult
consult
druggist
luggage
polar
popular
regular
singular
movable
probable
valuable
vegetable
Join mis-- to chance, use, lay, lead, led, call, deal, hap, quote.
The curate suffers acute grief. Consult a physician or a druggist.
A teaspoonful of this draught is probably enough for an adult.
Cultivate wholesome vegetables or cucumbers. Silk caterpillars are
valuable. Polar bears devour seals. An inhuman butcher slashed the
dun-colored deer. Regular attendance. Singular behaviour. The dyer
seems popular.
30 (REVIEW)
whirl
essay
polar
twitch
curate
whinny
origin
actress
dessert
accuse
solemn
sulphur
terrible
execute
regular
skeleton
decency
valuable
visible
scissors
prophet
bachelor
cucumber
headdress
The bachelor's scissors are valuable. An essay on the origin of
sulphur. For decency's sake. The actress wears a movable wreath
as a headdress. Two terrible dragons were visible. Of course the
lynx steals bait. The prophets were accused and executed. A sign of
meanness and baseness. The curate's speech at dessert was too solemn.
Regular meals improve one's health.
31
brier
fiery
variety
society
debtor
editor
janitor
operator
opinion
religion
rebellion
dominion
permit
admitted
remitting
submission
Add --ed, --ing to admit, remit, permit, submit; as, admitted.
Legions of British soldiers and fiery hordes of savages fought during
the rebellion in Egypt. All debtors must settle their accounts with
the editor. The janitor of the school paid the operator. "Good-day,"
cried the mower, whetting his scythe. Briers have grown among the
lilies and furze bushes. Permit no wrong. The gambler's companions
submitted. Our country is a dominion. We have a variety of opinions
in our society.
32
cutlet
omelet
banquet
pamphlet
jovial
billiards
burdock
bulrush
ruffian
guardian
historian
librarian
fraction
affection
recollect
collection
Put --ly after cool, cruel, royal, central, jovial, natural, exact.
At the banquet I ate a cutlet and an omelet. Our guardians seized
the ruffians. He coolly knelt. I guessed the quantity exactly. Do
you recollect my collection of problems on fractions? The genial
historian has written a pamphlet. The librarian bought tracts. He
pried into the secret of our large profits. The actor is jovial and
plays billiards. A burdock is a coarse weed. Bulrushes or cat-tails
grow in swamps.
33
oval
vocal
petal
formal
oral
coral
floral
mortal
infinite
definite
opposite
favorite
admirable
reasonable
confession
profession
Put --er, --est, --ly with icy, haughty, guilty, shabby, steady,
sleepy, pretty, gloomy, noisy, mighty; as, icier, iciest, icily.
Petals are oval-shaped. What admirable vocal music! I made an oral
confession. Act reasonably. Coral beads. Bicycle pedals are made of
steel. Dredge opposite the pier. Florists deal in floral wreaths. The
prophets taught the people to value their immortal souls. Mention a
definite sum for freight. The heavens seem infinite.
34
valiant
brilliant
ridicule
vestibule
dribble
dwindle
constable
estimable
appeal
reveal
conceal
congeal
cavalry
mineral
political
principal
Add --able to love, move, tame, blame, value; as, lovable.
A valiant cavalry charge won the fight. Bleak, level plains. The
syrup dribbles. The profits dwindle away. Conceal the precious
minerals. The brilliant light revealed several new features. Lambs
bleat. Sun-bleached linen. The vestibule floor creaks. You resemble
our estimable principal. Ice is water congealed. He ridicules the
miner's bare pate. The choir chants a psalm or hymn. Observe the
pauses. A political speech. Appeal to the judge.
35
general
eternal
internal
external
forgery
drapery
drollery
drudgery
actual
gradual
punctual
continual
derrick
barracks
bullock
hammock
Write over-- with rate, run, ride, reach, joyed; as, overrate.
The generals alight. Their arrival at the barracks was the signal
for freeing negroes from slavery. Internal or external injury. A
gradual growth. Almighty God is eternal. The pale widow's mite.
Two mettlesome steeds. The drapery blazed up. Forgery is a serious
offence. Drudgery is continual labor; drollery, odd humor.
36 (REVIEW)
fiery
blight
creak
bleach
actual
vocal
debtor
floral
omelet
ruffian
conquest
punctual
several
eternal
conceal
banquet
guardian
drudgery
rebellion
recollect
admitted
ridicule
opposite
reasonable
Conceal the gilt sword. Ruffians tease the bear. At the banquet
the guardian seemed bored by debtors. Gamblers admitted their
profits. The mason's plumb-line. I recollect the Indian rebellion.
The debtor's temper was fiery and unreasonable. The vocal solo was
ridiculed. The conquest of several islands. Nuns' veiling. This
floral wreath seems actually bleached. An eternal scourge.
37
dairy
despair
exclaim
claimant
bronze
apology
hideous
listener
statue
tissue
immense
specimens
juvenile
appetite
dove-cot
anecdote
Put --ing after urge, charge, rage, dodge, pledge, judge, manage,
oblige, race, measure, praise; as, urging.
An immense statue of bronze metal was visible. Goblins were hideous.
I wear a specimen medal on my mantle. "A lion's mane!" exclaimed he.
A faithful dairy maid. Peel the oranges in tissue paper. No apology
is needed. The claimant for damages suffers an agony of despair.
An amusing anecdote. A keen appetite. A juvenile carpenter built a
dove-cot.
38
ewer
ewe-lamb
dewdrops
brand-new
wizard
hazard
gizzard
blizzard
lobster
canister
cashier
clothier
obedient
obedience
experience
experiment
Add --ed, --ing to model, level, travel, equal, quarrel, cancel,
ravel, shovel; as, modelled, modelling.
The cashiers were obedient and rarely quarrelled. Meddle less with
minor affairs. I heard a clothier's experience. A brand-new plate
glass. Ewers or jugs of water. Maize is Indian corn. He hazards his
safety by travelling in blizzards. Fowls have gizzards. Our mettle
won the main battle. The wizard's charms. Try some experiments. Tea
canisters. Boiled lobsters.
39
captor
captive
candor
clamor
cholera
character
backache
mechanic
ear-rings
Methodist
memorize
accompany
canvass
carcass
trespass
windlass
Join --ed, --ing to tunnel, pencil, label, gravel, tassel, barrel,
carol, gambol; as, tunnelled, tunnelling.
Captors of negroes used blood-hounds. The captive women sold their
ear-rings. Canvass the mechanics. Obscure sounds of a startling
character accompanied the earthquake. Memorize the chorus. They
meddle with our windlass and trespass on our premises. They're
labelling the parcels. Speak with candor. Avoid noise or clamor. Bury
that carcass. Cholera is unknown here.
40
borax
smilax
conveys
surveys
soldered
dandelion
cinnamon
raspberry
allspice
colander
Yukon
Montreal
effect
difficult
architect
catechism
Add --ing to inquire, increase, suppose, accuse; as, inquiring.
Were you conveying allspice or cinnamon from the freight train?
Survey the wreaths entwined with smilax. Borax is used in soldering
metals. Squeeze the raspberries through a colander. What effect has
chilly weather on dandelions? The architect's scheme is difficult to
grasp. He knows the catechism by rote. The Yukon is many leagues from
Montreal.
41
commit
command
commence
recommend
excel
expel
compel
comrade
compass
cardinal
hiccough
knowledge
caress
assess
discuss
district
Put --s, --ed after obey, annoy, survey, employ, display, array.
Add --es to grocery, dairy, ally, folly, quarry; as, groceries.
I recommend that we command the officer to commit the comical rascal
to jail, and expel his comrades. The district will compel the Mayor
to aid the villagers. We've commenced to discuss business. He excels
in a knowledge of the cardinal points of the compass. Caress the
child with hiccoughs. A wheelwright makes naves and spokes.
42 (REVIEW)
dairy
boggy
sphere
chord
effect
wizard
clothier
survey
commit
camphor
despair
hiccough
colander
architect
blizzard
ear-rings
catechism
blackguard
raspberry
obedience
The patient clothier wears a bronze medal. The trails seem a maze
of cross-roads. Pare the juicy pears. The sweet-scented, new-mown
hay. Hawks soar o'er the strait. My thick-soled shoes creak. A chord
in music. A wizard's tricks. In obedience to the architect. I fear
a blizzard. Hiccoughs annoy me. I despair of ever committing the
catechism to memory.
43
bakery
brewery
pottery
knavery
surgery
delivery
discovery
embroidery
tinware
barefoot
cylinder
clergyman
council
surround
boundary
warehouse
Join --able to admire, desire, excuse, dispute; as, admirable.
Delivery wagons haul flour to the bakery. A brewery at the city
boundary is wrecked. The clerk's knavery. A lone warehouse near
the freight yard. Elect eight aldermen to the city council. The
iron roller is a hollow cylinder. I cut my bare wrist on a piece of
pottery or tinware. The clergyman is distinctly heard. Idol worship
exists in India. She wears rare finery and embroidery. He made a
discovery in the surgery.
44
necessity
necessary
possession
procession
attach
attacked
mucilage
pencilled
rigor
vigor
honor
harbor
complain
Champlain
waistcoat
mail-pouch
Add --y to paste, grease, pebble, sponge, possible; as, pasty.
Attack them with vigor. Attach pieces of rope if necessary. Detached
rocks made the descent dangerous. Mucilage is a necessity in an
office. Champlain explored several rivers in the interior of Canada.
The mail-pouch was rifled. My waistcoat pocket. Her pencilled
eyebrows. The lynx's lair. Complain to the City Council. The
procession took possession of the street.
45
ballad
ballast
cannon
channel
laurel
auburn
assault
applause
signal
arrival
ordinary
asparagus
oneself
bayonet
gingham
dumpling
Put --some after glad, delight, bother, trouble, blithe, frolic.
Vessels need ballast to cross the channel. Wrest the reed or cane
from that liar. The wreck is wrapped in mist. My niece is combing her
auburn hair and tying it with dyed ribbons. She sang several ballads,
winning laurels. An ordinary gingham apron. Tender asparagus for
dessert. Manual training is of great benefit to oneself. The gradual
descent of the road. An apple dumpling. The pilot made no assault.
The captain's bayonet.
46
torrent
decorate
monitor
astonish
villain
mermaid
maintain
remainder
cooing
cuckoo
raccoon
heirloom
castor
bishop
scallop
atmosphere
Join --ness to clumsy, flimsy, gaudy, haughty; as, clumsiness.
The monitor's haughtiness was maintained. A torrent's roar. I rowed
near the sea-beach with sculls. An enemy's revenge. A bishop's white
robes. Decorated with scalloped lace. The villain's prison cell.
A drier atmosphere. Cooing pigeons. The cuckoo clock is an old
heirloom. Buffalo and raccoon robes for sleighs are made without
seams. Castor oil is prepared from seeds.
47
receipt
leisure
seizing
deceive
swoon
saloon
balloon
spittoon
journal
courage
courtesy
adjourn
gentry
laundry
foundry
gallantry
Add --ness to weary, steady, muddy, woolly; as, weariness.
The cooper makes barrels of hoops and staves. The saloon-keeper wrung
his hands in sheer despair and swooned. I'm aware that courage and
courtesy are national traits of the French. The council adjourned.
The foundry moulds iron patterns. Erase all false entries. A daily
journal. A receipt from the laundry. His leisure and gallantry
deceived the gentry.
48 (REVIEW)
villain
leisure
council
descent
brewery
bayonet
flavor
assault
camphor
oneself
raccoon
cylinder
channel
torrent
spheres
necessary
ordinary
warehouse
heirloom
mucilage
boundary
waistcoat
necessity
atmosphere
He leant against the lime-kiln. The lynx has lain down in his lair. I
need a key for the mail-pouch. Idols are deaf and dumb. A great herd
of deer. Raccoon overcoats. Torrents make their descent through the
rugged channels. Warehouses are not necessary in ordinary business.
Cylinders are not spheres.
REVIEW OF THE DIFFICULT WORDS.
absence
absorb
accent
accident
actual
acute
adjourn
admirable
advise
affect
almanac
almighty
almonds
alms
altar
allspice
anecdote
announce
anxiety
apology
apparel
appeal
appetite
applause
approach
arrange
asparagus
assemble
assert
assistant
atmosphere
attach
auburn
bachelor
backache
baffled
balance
balcony
ballad
banquet
barefoot
bargain
barrier
bayonet
behavior
benefited
benzine
bilious
billiards
bleach
biscuit
borax
boundary
brier
brilliant
brogue
bronze
bureau
burglary
burial
cancer
candor
canvass
cannon
captive
camphor
carcass
carrier
cashier
castor
catechism
caterpillar
cavalry
cayenne
chaplain
Champlain
channel
character
chieftain
chuckles
cinnamon
claimant
clamor
cleanly
clothier
colander
commence
companion
compel
complain
conceal
condemn
conductor
confession
conquest
continual
council
courtesy
crackle
crevice
crystal
cucumber
cudgel
cultivate
curate
cycling
cylinder
dairy
dandelion
deafness
debtor
decayed
decency
deceit
decorate
decrease
definite
delicate
delivery
dearth
despair
dessert
difference
difficult
discourage
discovery
dominion
draught
drollery
drudgery
dwindle
dye-stuff
ear-rings
effect
elevator
embroidery
encore
endeavor
estimable
ewe-lamb
excellent
exclaim
execute
exhaust
exhort
experience
exterior
external
familiar
famine
favorite
festival
fiery
foliage
foresee
fortunate
foundry
fragrant
furrier
gallant
gaudy
gauntlet
gingham
giraffe
gizzard
goddess
gouge
gracious
grammar
grievance
grocery
guidance
haddock
harbor
hazard
headdress
heather
heirloom
herbage
heroine
hesitate
hiccough
hideous
hindrance
hoar-frost
horizontal
hyacinth
hyphen
immense
innocent
interfere
irregular
isles
jovial
knavish
knowledge
language
lattice
league
leisure
librarian
liquorice
luggage
lullaby
lynch
magazine
maggot
mail-pouch
maintain
manual
mechanic
medicine
memorize
merely
millinery
moisten
monarch
monitor
moustache
movable
mucilage
musician
mystery
necessary
nuisance
obedience
obstinate
omelet
oneself
opposite
origin
Pacific
pamphlet
paragraph
particular
pastime
patient
peasant
peculiar
petticoat
phrase
pheasant
physician
plague
plumage
political
popular
porcupine
portrait
possible
poultice
practical
precious
principal
professor
prophet
punctual
quotient
raccoon
raspberry
reasonable
rebellion
receipt
recommend
rectangle
remnant
reptile
riddance
ridicule
ruffian
rye-bread
salmon
salve
satchel
Saviour
scaffold
scenery
scissors
science
seizure
severity
sexton
shackle
similar
sinews
skeleton
slippery
smuggler
solder
solemn
Solomon
spacious
specimen
sphere
spittoon
squabble
stagnant
sterile
steward
stomach
stubborn
studious
sulphur
superior
summon
surgery
survey
tedious
terrier
therefore
threshold
traffic
traitor
triumph
trudging
tussle
unusual
upholster
valiant
various
vaseline
vertical
vestibule
Victoria
victuals
vigor
villains
vineyard
virgin
warehouse
warrant
warrior
war-whoop
windlass
withhold
wrenched
STANDARD IV. JUNIOR.
GRADE 6.
1
baboon
harpoon
caboose
papoose
survive
surmount
surround
surrender
melody
harmony
injury
industry
melodious
harmonious
injurious
industrious
Add --ful to care, spoon, pail, mouth, tear, sorrow, wonder, mirth.
The whale survived the harpoon's injurious effects. The city will
surrender ere the troops surround it or surmount the towers. Their
melodious voices seem in perfect harmony. The squaw's papoose slept
in the caboose. The industrious carpenter's adze. Wear a ruff. Our
yacht is a swift sailer. Baboons are apes.
2
dial
diary
diamond
dialogue
falcon
weapon
jealous
zealous
fidgety
hedgehog
partridge
cartridge
colony
colonial
envious
previous
Put --less after speech, flaw, fault, shame, tear, thought, doubt.
Falcons are trained hawks. Partridge are called grouse. The
hedgehog's weapons are quills. The zealous preacher's diary contained
an account of a previous wreck. Be not jealous or envious of people
wearing diamonds. Colonial means belonging to a colony. The dial of a
clock. Alter our dialogue. The fidgety maiden dreaded all weapons. We
load pistols with cartridges.
3
liable
denial
defiant
reliance
peony
surgeon
sturgeon
melodeon
grateful
pressure
forbade
forbidden
angular
irregular
circular
particular
Add --ing to lodge, trudge, grudge, pickle, crumble, curdle,
gurgle, cripple, pierce, rescue, partake; as, lodging.
After some pressure the surgeon sent a defiant denial. Put no
reliance in irregular scholars. Angling with bait for sturgeon is
strictly forbidden. You are liable to be fined. In this particular
case a surgeon dressed the wound. In vain he forbade their teasing
the lynx. I gratefully accepted the red peony. Play the melodeon.
Make angular blocks.
4
notify
modify
signify
qualify
divine
divisor
division
diligent
esteem
redeem
peevish
discreet
twopence
threepence
halfpenny
blackguard
Join --able to note, love, tame, cure, endure, adore, advise,
remove, dispute; as, notable.
Notify the buyers that we'll modify our terms. Twopence per ounce is
the wholesale price. The diligent are esteemed. Redeem your sundial.
The division is correct but the divisor is wrong. Only a blackguard
would steal a child's halfpenny. Place circular rows tier above tier.
Our discreet physician has a peevish patient. Are you qualified for
the position?
5
tunnel
funnel
furnish
burnish
savor
flavor
tumor
rumor
suet
cruet
frequent
eloquent
describe
subscribe
description
subscription
Place un-- before envied, noticed, settled, erring, foreseen,
christian, known, married, merciful; as, unenvied.
At the inquest I was frequently requested to furnish a description of
the stolen cruet. The steak has the flavor and savor of suet. Accept
half-yearly subscriptions from the subscribers. Burnish the brass
funnel. Rumors of a wreck in the tunnel. The eloquent doctor cures
tumors.
6 (REVIEW)
melody
weapon
caboose
fidgety
jealous
surgeon
liable
funnel
qualify
forbade
diligent
previous
colonial
frequent
circular
pressure
irregular
injurious
surround
diamonds
twopence
halfpenny
partridge
subscribe
At the Colonial Exhibit I bought funnels for twopence. Jealous of a
friend. A brooch of real diamonds. Liable for damages. "To forgive
is divine." Written in a diary. The fidgety student was diligent and
frequently eloquent, but could not qualify for a surgeon. Surround
the circular table. The intense heat may prove injurious. During the
previous day the pressure of business demanded every minute.
7
guilty
guilds
guitar
guinea
cavity
brevity
nobility
humility
reverse
disperse
immerse
converse
ancient
deficient
efficient
sufficient
Join --ity to scarce, pure, cave, false, secure, chaste; as, purity.
The miner has sufficient gold for a guinea. The women's guild has
dispersed. Its members plead for purity and chastity. The guilty
officer often shows traits of nobility. This efficient player on the
guitar converses with brevity. Be not deficient in humility. Ancient
chinaware is very expensive. The staid donkey brayed. Reverse the
engine. Immerse the beef in brine.
8
despise
chastise
Chinese
Japanese
sorcery
slavery
archery
flattery
armor
vapor
poached
encroach
luscious
delicious
suspicion
suspicious
Write dis-- with abuse, allow, approve, claim, arrange, color,
favor, credit, satisfy, respect, qualify, possess; as, disabuse.
The Japanese were encroaching on Chinese territory. The poacher is
under suspicion. The luscious peaches and the delicious ice-cream
vanished like vapor. Despise flattery. I ate poached eggs. We
chastise people for sorcery. The brood of pigeons soared above the
stile. Warriors wear steel armor when repairing breaches in the
walls. Bowmen boast of their archery.
9
hearth
hearken
heartiness
heart's-ease
parade
paradise
parable
paragraph
blighted
lightning
thorough
doughnut
election
direction
dictation
dictionary
Place un-- before aided, aware, bearable, buried, ceasing.
Hearken to the parable of the sower. Soldiers were on parade during
the election. The heartiness of their welcome. The doughnut dropped
on the hearth unnoticed. We can imagine scenes in paradise. The
lightning blighted the beech-tree. The officer gave directions. A wry
face. A thorough examination of the skull. Choose a paragraph for
dictation. The pansy is called heart's-ease. Consult your dictionary.
10
heathen
sheared
teamster
seamstress
hallo
coasting
wherever
wherefore
lustre
lustrous
wondrous
monstrous
genuine
masculine
feminine
glycerine
Place dis-- with taste, honor, honest, united, pleased, loyal.
Seamstress is feminine gender, while teamster is masculine. The
sheared goat chased the wheelwright across a rood of pasture to butt
him. Hallo! What dangerous coasting! They show a genuine interest in
the heathen. Diamonds possess wondrous lustre. These monstrous beasts
browse wherever there is no grazing. The captain wrung my hand. Buy
four bottles of glycerine.
11
lilac
rival
final
spinal
pinafore
separate
tomahawk
marmalade
niggard
braggart
sluggard
drunkard
engineer
volunteer
auctioneer
mountaineer
Join --ing to hem, refer, regret, expel, wrap, begin, forget,
compel, occur; as, hemming.
Her pinafore was daubed with marmalade. The engineer made a final
attempt to rescue the drunkard. Ants are neither sluggards nor
braggarts. The volunteer will broach the subject. The auctioneer had
spinal trouble. The mountaineer wrapped his plaid around him. He was
niggardly on his bridal tour. The Indian sought to fight with the
tomahawk.
12 (REVIEW)
scene
bridal
hearth
guitar
weapon
sheared
breaches
lustrous
separate
paradise
deficient
feminine
genuine
disperse
election
thorough
luscious
referring
sufficient
glycerine
lightning
occurring
dictionary
auctioneer
Make a thorough search in the dictionary. Is the weapon a genuine
pistol? The fuel on the hearth is sufficient. Glycerine is sold by
druggists. Buy a new medal. What a lustrous bronze color! Seeing
the lightning, the timid women dispersed. I'm referring to colonial
acts and scenes. Breaches of the law occurred daily. The auctioneer
offered silk, deficient in lustre.
13
pilot
otter
felon
heron
colonel
oppress
express
distress
majestic
domestic
gigantic
romantic
ransack
knapsack
knick-knacks
knickerbockers
Write in-- before curable, elegant, different, human, sufficient.
Their chief seized the felon's leather knapsack. I ransacked auction
rooms for knick-knacks. The clerk carried some accounts in his
knickerbockers. Otters are not domestic animals. We knew the pilot's
signals of distress. An address on our romantic scenery. He expressed
sorrow for his fault. A gigantic fraud. Never oppress the weak. The
colonel's majestic bearing. The crane resembles the heron.
14
coolly
woolly
shrilly
squally
solar
lunar
relapse
collapse
disguise
dissolve
persuade
camomile
addition
petition
partition
competition
Add --ed to shrivel, parcel, gambol, control; as, shrivelled.
A competition in rapid addition. A solar day and a lunar month. Lambs
with woolly fleeces gambol in the vale. Squally weather. Don't give
camomile flowers to our friends. Dissolve the powder in vinegar.
Persuade the guests to sign a petition. The choir sang shrilly. The
patient suffered a relapse. He coolly bored through the partition
with an auger. The walls collapsed instantly.
15
sewer
lewd
shrewd
jews'-harp
stanza
veranda
mastiff
slouched
miracle
manacles
obstacle
spectacle
massive
passive
strolling
toll-gate
Join --er, --est to simple, nimble, obscure, secure; as, simpler.
The shrewd lawyer sought a clew. The huge mastiff slouched off the
veranda. Recite the fourth stanza. I leaned against a massive sewer
pipe. He strolled along, playing a jews'-harp. The manacles on his
wrists were serious obstacles. I dropped a pair of spectacles at the
toll-gate. A lewd, base fellow. Miracles startle the wisest or the
simplest.
16
russet
jagged
gossip
daffodil
atlas
paltry
asphalt
falsehood
verdant
verdure
suggest
gesture
surged
purging
passenger
messenger
Add --ing to engage, examine, kindle, bundle, behave, provoke,
relieve, grieve; as, engaging.
The roaring, foaming surge caused the passengers to make gestures.
Suggest a cheaper passage. Purge the filthy lanes. A quick messenger
took my message. The dancing daffodils. Gossips spoke base
falsehoods. The rocks had jagged edges. A Canadian atlas for sale.
Asphalt pavement. Paltry excuses. The lawn is verdant. Showers and
sunbeams cause verdure. A russet apple.
17
bison
talons
beckon
reckon
cruise
council
malady
granary
promote
postpone
wholesale
wholesome
mansion
expansion
omission
submission
Join --er, --est to fleecy, bulky, foggy, cleanly; as, fleecier.
The council may postpone their cruise. Promote the expansion of
wholesale trade. I need a cleanlier maid. I tied a coarse cord in
knots. Their submission led to the omission of salads from our usual
fare. A mansion with a princely salary. A dreadful malady. The
falcon's beak and cruel talons. The bison's horns.
18 (REVIEW)
pilot
surge
lunar
felon
sewer
bison
cheque
shrewd
quartz
gossip
cleaver
verdure
gesture
asphalt
colonel
collapse
omission
persuade
disguise
domestic
gigantic
barracks
wholesome
spectacles
Do gossips discuss wholesome subjects? Persuade the city to build
a gigantic asphalt sewer. See the felon on the domestic's finger.
The omission of gestures and disguise would improve the actress. A
shrewd rogue signed a cheque for gold quartz. The colonel left his
spectacles in the barracks. Verdure is greenness. The total collapse
of the building. The butcher's cleaver is dull. Hunt the bison. The
pilot fears the surging sea.
19
insure
assure
demure
procure
tinsel
damsel
morsel
counsel
abates
abandon
whet-stone
homestead
overseer
foreseen
industrial
caterpillar
Write be-- before wail, witch, grudge, moan, numb, smear.
Though hoarse I was relieved by a morsel of horehound. A demure
damsel assured us that we were heartily welcome. A caterpillar's
cocoon. Procure a whet-stone. As was foreseen, the homestead was
abandoned by the settler. Tinsel is of slight value. I assure you
he will counsel insuring the industrial school. Rubbing abates the
aching in my knee-joint.
20
decline
refined
entwine
combine
verbal
proverb
perjury
jurymen
revise
comprise
preside
confide
evident
penitent
president
confident
Join --ness to clumsy, dreary, gaudy, silly, ruddy, haughty, manly,
womanly; as, clumsiness.
That witness, wearing the ruff or collar, declined to commit perjury.
A refined physician reported verbally. Evidently the judge confides
in the jurymen. The counsel is confident that the penitent prisoner
will be released on bail. The club comprises a president, the
necessary officers, and nineteen members. Revise the old proverb.
21
tonic
topic
tropics
frolicsome
italics
mandolin
Catholic
cathedral
marigold
navigate
obstinate
vaccinate
solitary
sanitary
military
imaginary
Add --d, --ing to ridge, bridge, wedge, lodge, hedge; as, ridged.
Print in italics. The Catholic church is a beautiful, sanitary
cathedral. Give that obstinate invalid a tonic before vaccinating
him. Captains and pilots navigate ships. The tropics are imaginary
lines. The topic discussed was military weapons. A frolicsome youth
played a mandolin. I wore a brooch fashioned like a marigold. The
draught made the solitary lamp flare.
22
census
isthmus
surplus
omnibus
pallet
mallet
gorilla
vanilla
uniform
unicorn
universe
universal
instinct
distinct
extinguish
distinguish
Write in-- before come, close, dwell, trench, dent, lay, grain.
The hotel omnibus meets us. A nutmeg grater. Hares and lambs leap
and gambol by instinct. The design is uniform but made of distinct
patterns or units. Rude pallets of straw. The isthmus of Panama. Put
the surplus money in the wallet. Extinguish the flames. Flavor the
custard with vanilla. Does the mayor deign to bow? The universe is
the world. I can distinguish gorillas from bears. The lion and the
unicorn. A census of the village.
23
syllable
analysis
symbol
sympathy
latitude
solitude
multitude
destitute
corrupt
interrupt
multiple
chipmunk
footwear
bearskin
postscript
door-jamb
Add --es to belfry, diary, nursery, grocery, daisy, charity,
misery, dairy, century, lobby; as, belfries.
The destitute hermit dwelt in solitude. The sign or symbol of
addition. In a postscript he showed a system of finding our latitude.
I'm too hoarse to utter a syllable of sympathy. Clad in bearskin cap
and heavy footwear. Substitute zinc for lead. A multiple of four. A
multitude of chipmunks scampered off. I interrupted their review. The
analysis of the sentence.
24 (REVIEW)
census
tropics
surplus
vanilla
symbol
isthmus
counsel
district
Catholic
perspire
overseer
analysis
sympathy
interrupt
extinguish
military
vaccinate
imaginary
frolicsome
individuals
A new system of analysis. The census reveals a surplus of officers
in one military district. A heavy omnibus. The overseer of these
individuals is perspiring. The isthmus is guarded. Imaginary fires
are difficult to extinguish. Vaccinate the Italian as a sanitary
measure. Despise not his counsel in tropic seas. The symbol of peace.
Flavor with vanilla.
25
intense
expense
suspense
nonsense
select
defects
afflict
affliction
heifer
mullein
rat-trap
mattress
lenient
convenient
audience
convenience
Write up-- before heave, raise, rear, roar, lift, stroke, risen.
An Indian uprising caused intense excitement, much inconvenience,
and great expense. Captains mustered their volunteers. Faint from
suspense we awaited further news of our sore affliction. Select
mattresses of convenient size with no defects. A touching, musical
selection greatly affected the large audience. The peer showed
affection for children. What nonsense to set a rat-trap there! A
heifer grazed among the mulleins.
26
advance
romance
prudence
violence
cutlery
battery
culvert
accident
induced
reducing
produced
introduce
culture
vulture
torture
structure
Join --s to delay, essay, employ, pulley, parley, kidney, volley.
Produce the cutlery which was concealed in the culvert. An electric
battery may cause accidents. Vultures attacked the wounded creature
with great violence, and tortured it with their beaks and talons.
They exhibit prudence, culture, and knowledge in erecting convenient
structures. The yeast is in a jar on the hearth. A legend or romance.
The English bow was made of yew.
27
genial
menial
trivial
material
particle
decayed
pickerel
mackerel
swath
thwart
reject
bazaar
religion
religious
foreign
sovereign
Place under-- with bid, drain, brush, value, mine, rate, score.
The blithe mower's machine cuts a narrow swath. Menial labor is
no trivial affair. This genial sovereign knows several foreign
languages. Reject all material a particle decayed. One's religion
affects others' lives. The injured engineers attended their bazaar.
He endeavors to thwart every religious scheme. Buy a pickerel or some
mackerel.
28
agate
palate
rebate
frigate
assume
presume
dispute
compute
irritate
fugitive
liniment
regiment
eminent
prominent
semicolon
semicircle
Write --ed, --ing after deny, glory, envy, tarry, reply, study,
steady; as, denied, denying.
A prominent village officer envies my agate ring. The delicate pilot
on the frigate has an irritated palate. He assumes charge. I presume
the captain neither denies nor disputes his ability. Compute the
interest. A fugitive from the regiment asked a citizen for liniment.
Dr. Sunshine is a most eminent physician. Use fewer semicolons. A
semicircle is a half-circle. A rebate for cash.
29
easel
weasel
resign
design
refrain
abstain
extreme
supreme
terrify
territory
interred
referred
partial
initials
essential
confidential
Add --er --est to silly, naughty, ruddy, stalky, puny, tardy, wiry,
noisy, icy, greedy; as, sillier, silliest.
A partial design lies on the easel. A supreme court official says it
is essential to resign. Strictly confidential. Refrain from sardines
and abstain from ale or beer. The late colonel was interred in the
new cemetery with martial honors. Acquire more territory. A terrified
weasel fled. Whose initials are written here?
30 (REVIEW)
weasel
cutlery
lenient
produce
mullein
suspense
scythe
foreign
trivial
fugitive
violence
structure
palate
thwart
assume
material
sovereign
semicolon
initial
terrify
acquaint
referred
irritated
prominent
Mow the mulleins on the terrace with scythes. Be lenient with a
prominent citizen. Listening in suspense. A foreigner attempted
violence on our sovereign. Buy steel cutlery of the best material.
A terrified fugitive. I assumed you were acquainted. The initials
should be capitals. He referred to trivial faults in their language.
31
cactus
tactful
contact
attract
trophy
gopher
dolphin
typhoid
ebony
agony
economy
scoundrel
denounce
pronounce
mahogany
toboggans
Write --s after halo, solo, folio, piano, banjo, lasso, canto,
memento; as, halos.
The greyhound caught a gopher. Our curlers won the trophy. Denounce
the scoundrel. The senior judge pronounced sentence. A tactful
phrase. Erect the steeple according to the contract. The coroner at
the inquest. The dolphin often changes color when dying. Ebony is
dear. Practise economy. The sewing-machine cover is mahogany. He
cried in agony. A lassoed ox gored him. A toboggan slide.
32
recruit
pursuit
herring
haddock
divorce
corridor
tortoise
porpoise
career
pioneer
peelings
teeming
antelope
envelope
velvety
roly-poly
Place inter-- with line, lock, mingle, meddle, marry, lard, leave,
twine, view, weave, space; as, interline.
Gild the frame. A porpoise pursued the herring. The envelopes in the
corridor are of velvety material. Tortoises are turtles. Creeks,
teeming with salmon. A pioneer's career seldom led to divorce. In
subduing a nation we use forcible means. The roly-poly is surely
cooked. The peelings of the potatoes. Eat some haddock. The young
recruit started in pursuit of an antelope.
33
fatal
brutal
psalm
pshaw
release
meagre
features
deceased
quoits
feigned
slaughter
smudged
pumice
avarice
jaundice
sacrifice
Join --ly to guilty, hearty, heavy, happy, saucy; as, guiltily.
The disease proved fatal. The details of deceased's career were
meagre. Pumice floats in liquid. I feel fatigued. A brutal slaughter.
The features seem calm. Release the prisoner afflicted with jaundice.
Avarice and greediness are undesirable qualities. Their sacrifice was
only feigned. Select a psalm. The smudged moulder can pitch quoits.
Pshaw! the file was too brittle.
34
nozzle
drizzle
palings
parings
adieu
ochre
euchre
Europe
frigid
average
revenge
challenge
adventure
calculate
aggregate
congregate
Add --er, --est, --ly to speedy, plucky, hasty, weary, knotty.
Reuben bade adieu to Europe. The victor challenged us to a game
of euchre. The aggregate is forty-four, the average eleven. They
congregate to seek revenge. The sunbeams glare on the snow in frigid
lands. I can gauge a barrel of ale. The apple parings are frozen and
rigid. Paint the fence palings with yellow ochre. He held the nozzle
of the hose in a drizzling rain. Calculate the cost.
35
sorrel
gospel
marvel
sentinel
gluey
clayey
exempt
brethren
route
tourist
artery
energy
spinach
chicory
grievous
mischievous
Copy,--Gov. means Governor; Gen., General; Col., Colonel; Prof.,
Professor; B.C., Before Christ; A.D., In the year of our Lord.
The sentinel challenged with great energy a mischievous tourist.
The colonel cut an artery. The sorrel horse followed by a different
route. The clayey soil was gluey, too stiff for spinach. An
exhibition of sleight-of-hand tricks. A mixture of chicory and
coffee. He marvels at our grievous affliction. Preach the gospel.
36 (REVIEW)
ochre
pshaw
quoits
tourist
energy
meagre
nozzle
career
clayey
grateful
pioneer
forcible
recruit
typhoid
release
brethren
grievous
features
economy
envelope
mahogany
challenge
mischievous
congregate
The pioneer practised economy in his whole career. Paint the
door-jambs with yellow ochre. A crowd congregated. I was grateful
for my release. He laments over his brethren's grievous attacks
of typhoid fever. A mischievous recruit turned the nozzle on the
tourists. The supply of mahogany wood is meagre. A blue envelope.
37
pacify
crucify
glorify
specify
reveal
bereave
pasturage
orphanage
avail
prevail
delaine
maimed
colonize
apologize
patronize
economize
Add --d, --ing to guide, grieve, cease, receive, plague, erase,
scare, relieve; as, guided, guiding.
A quaint carriage conveyed the bereaved waifs to an orphanage. The
maimed woman is dressed in delaine. Specify a chance to economize.
Apologize to the mayor for the pasturage. Colonize the islands and
patronize their people. If he prevailed, some would glorify, others
crucify him. Endeavor to pacify the rebels. It is of no avail to
reveal the secret.
38
bamboo
grooved
dragoon
kangaroo
applaud
defraud
fraction
fractured
intimate
emigrate
obstinate
ventilate
advocate
suffocate
summary
rummage
Put in-- before direct, distinct, constant, decent, capable,
corrupt.
The squeamish dragoon has a vein of humor. He obstinately refuses to
emigrate. Our intimate friends applaud the supple kangaroo's tricks.
We shall suffocate unless you ventilate this chamber. The fractured
limb was cut off. What fraction of eight is four? Write a summary of
the scene. Advocate honesty. The bamboo was grooved. He was defrauded
at a rummage sale.
39
Saxon
caldron
squadron
simpleton
scandal
placard
numeral
scabbard
numerous
generous
accustom
customary
positive
inquisitive
negative
interrogative
Add --ous to fury, study, melody, envy, vary; as, furious.
The simpleton read the placard. He gives negative or interrogative
answers. He is positively furious at the scandal. Soup was supplied
to the squadron from a generous caldron. Draw forth the sword from
the scabbard. The inquisitive dwarf, wrapped in numerous robes,
occupies his customary seat. We grate nutmegs on the grater. Numerals
as four. Briton and Saxon are one. The detective's sight is not
defective.
40
jersey
blarney
abolish
demolish
idiot
patriot
chariot
champion
merino
tapioca
myrtle
pyramid
delegate
desperate
reverent
tenement
Write --es after mulatto, mosquito, motto, calico, domino.
Could the pyramids of Egypt be demolished by cannon? I've read of
Scottish patriots and warriors. Speak reverently to aged women. Is
their son an idiot? We'll abolish crowded tenements. A delegates'
meeting. In a chariot rode a wizard clad in myrtle green. I ate
tapioca pudding. A desperate rogue tried to blarney us. The champion
Jersey cow. Merino wool.
41
acquire
acquaint
prairies
porcelain
treacle
theatre
stirrup
innings
scalawag
vengeance
geography
photograph
turnstile
valentine
turpentine
Hallow-e'en
Write --es, --ed after copy, glory, envy, pity, fancy, modify.
Hallow-e'en is the eve of All-Saints' Day. Buy a porcelain bowl,
and a quart of turpentine. A scalawag emptied treacle upon the
turnstile. We upbraided her for acquiring a craving for the theatre.
St. Valentine's Day. His stirrup broke on the prairie. Photograph the
maid studying geography.
42 (REVIEW)
Saxon
jersey
treacle
crucify
patriot
placard
theatre
merino
prairie
scandal
bereaved
summary
accustom
negative
suffocate
acquaint
squadron
vengeance
positive
fraction
generous
dialogue
desperate
economize
Wear a jersey. He speaks plain Anglo-Saxon. A generous patriot is
bereaved. The woollen cloak is merino. Thieves were crucified. Here
is a summary of the squadrons of Europe. The theatre has fine prairie
scenes. A desperate character vowed vengeance. I am positive he was
accustomed to economize. May peace prevail. Placard the house. A
suffocating chamber.
43
agile
fragile
docile
domicile
penance
peninsula
moderate
temperate
mania
petunia
betwixt
probable
indolent
insolent
crocodile
chocolate
Join --ed to pad, fulfil, blur, strip, excel, mob; as, padded.
The indolent volunteer will probably do penance for insolence. Use
chocolates moderately. Be temperate. The elephant is docile. An
agile squirrel. A mania for stealing. Petunias have fragile stalks.
They flourish betwixt the baron's castle and our domicile. I saw
crocodiles lying on a sandy peninsula.
44
phial
phlox
phonic
phlegm
abrupt
illustrate
disciples
discipline
Leonard
leopard
jeopardy
prophesy
flexible
perplexed
occasion
assurance
Put en-- before camp, chain, circle, close, courage, girdle, graft.
His disciples had too much assurance. Abrupt words caused a rupture
in the discipline. Leonard's life was in jeopardy from a leopard.
You seemed perplexed. There is phlegm in my throat. A phonic primer.
These flexible stalks are tough. The cheque is genuine. I prophesy a
famine. The phlox has purple flowers. A phial of medicine. Illustrate
this occasion.
45
pennon
saffron
suburbs
curbstone
landscape
hailstorm
honeysuckle
huckleberry
edifice
precipice
cowardice
prejudice
alcohol
swollen
observant
attendant
Write --able after cure, imagine, note, laugh, reason, fashion.
A swollen limb. Alcohol contains poison. The landscape gardener made
their residence attractive with honeysuckle. The hailstorm ruined
their huckleberries. The wolf's cowardice. His wary attendant is
yellow as saffron but is very observant. He built an edifice near a
steep precipice. See their pennon float. He has a prejudice against
curbstones in the suburbs.
46 (REVIEW)
docile
mania
phonic
fragile
phlegm
edifice
saffron
leopard
betwixt
penance
alcohol
prophesy
assurance
precipice
geography
swollen
disciples
observant
prejudice
photograph
Photograph the spotted leopard near the precipice. We prejudiced
him against alcohol. Betwixt the saffron leaves were slight stalks.
Fragile glass in a pasteboard box. His docile, observant disciples
had assurance of success. I prophesy a failure in geography. He has a
mania for sketching ancient edifices. A few moments of leisure.
REVIEW OF THE DIFFICULT WORDS.
abate
adieu
afflict
alcohol
analysis
armor
artery
asphalt
assurance
attract
audience
avarice
average
barracks
battery
bazaar
beetle
bereaved
betwixt
brethren
caboose
caldron
cathedral
census
challenge
camomile
champion
chariot
chastise
chicory
Chinese
circular
clayey
collapse
colonel
colonial
coolly
congregate
convenient
conveys
cowardice
crocodile
crucify
cruet
cruise
customary
cutlery
decease
decayed
defiant
defraud
delaine
delegate
delicious
denial
denounce
describe
desperate
destitute
dial
dialogue
diamond
diary
dictionary
diligent
disguise
dissolve
distinct
divorce
docile
dolphin
domestic
domicile
drizzle
economy
edifice
efficient
encroach
engineer
entwine
envelope
essential
Europe
excavate
expense
extreme
falcon
features
feigned
feminine
fidgety
flattery
footwear
forbade
forcible
foreign
fractions
fracture
fragile
frolics
fugitive
funnel
genuine
geography
gesture
gigantic
gluey
glycerine
gopher
gorilla
granary
grateful
grievous
grooved
guiltily
guinea
guitar
halfpenny
hallowed
harmony
hearken
hearth
heartiness
heathen
hedgehog
heifer
herrings
hallo
homestead
hose-reel
humility
illustrate
imaginary
immerse
industrial
initial
injurious
innings
insolent
instinct
interred
interrupt
introduce
irritate
isthmus
italics
Japanese
jaunty
jealous
kangaroo
lenient
leopard
loyalty
luscious
lustrous
mackerel
mahogany
maimed
majestic
mallet
mandolin
marmalade
martial
masculine
massive
mattress
mauve
messenger
military
miracles
mullein
navigate
nozzle
numeral
obstacles
occasion
ochre
omnibus
oppress
overseer
pacify
palate
palings
parable
paradise
particles
partition
partridge
passenger
patriot
patronize
penance
peninsula
penitent
perjury
permanent
persuade
petition
phlegm
photograph
pickerel
pilot
pioneer
pinafore
porcelain
positive
prairies
precipice
president
pressure
previous
probable
proverb
psalm
pshaw
pumice
pyramid
quoits
quoting
rat-trap
rebate
recruit
reduction
referred
refrain
regiment
reject
release
reliance
religion
resign
revenge
reverent
reverse
romance
route
rummage
rumor
russet
sacrifice
saffron
sanitary
scabbard
scalawag
scandal
scoundrel
scripture
seamstress
semicolon
sentinel
service
sewer
shrewd
shrilly
signify
singular
slaughter
solar
solitary
sorcery
sorrel
sovereign
specify
spectacle
spinach
squeamish
stanza
stirrup
strangle
strolling
structure
sturgeon
subdue
subscribe
suburbs
sufficient
suffocate
suggest
summary
supreme
surged
surgeon
surrender
survive
suspense
suspicious
syllable
sympathy
swath
swollen
tactful
tapioca
tendency
tenement
terrace
territory
theatre
thorough
thwart
tomahawk
torture
tortoise
tourist
treacle
trivial
trophy
tropics
tunnel
turnstile
twopence
typhoid
tyrant
unicorn
upbraid
vaccinate
vagabond
valentine
vanilla
vapor
velvety
vengeance
ventilate
veranda
verbal
verdant
vigor
volunteer
weapon
weasel
wherefore
wherever
wholesome
wondrous
woolly
yacht
zealous
PRONOUNCE.
NOTE.--See that the italicized letters are distinctly pronounced.
ally, al-lī´
arctic, är_k_´tik
area, ā´rēa
asphalt, as-falt´
avenue, av´e-nū
almond, ä´mund
balsam, ba̤l´sam
barren, bar´en
because, bē-ca̤z´
beneath, bē-nēth´
breadth, bre_d_th
brethren, breTH´-_ren_
bristle, bris´l
barrel, bar´el
castle, kas´l
cemetery, cem´-ē-ter-y
chimney, chim´ni
clothes, klōTHz
collie, kol´i
column, kol´um
depths, dep_th_s
donkey, dong´ki
drought, drowt
eleven, ē-lev´-n
English, ing-glish
errand, er-ran_d_
February, Feb´rṳ-a-ry
flannel, flan´el
follow, fol´lō
foundry, foun´-dri
friends, fren_d_s
figure, fig-ūr
forbade, for-bad´
glisten, glis´n
greasy, grē´zi
genuine, jen´ū-in
height, hī_t_´
hearth, härth
heroine, her´ō-in
history, his´-to-ry
instead, in-st_e_d´
kettle, ket-l
kiln, kil
launch, länsh
leisure, lē´zhūr
lettuce, let´is
livery, liv´er-i
minute, mi-nūt´ _adj._
mouths, mouTHz
nephew, ne_v_´ū
nothing, nuth´-ing
peony, pē´ō-ni
perhaps, pėr haps´
pumpkin, pum_p_´-kin
princess, prin´-ses
really, rē´al-li
recess, rē ses´
recipe, res´i-pe
respite, res´-pit
ruffian, ruf´_i_-an
ru´-in, rö´in
saliva, sa-lī´va
several, sev´ėr-al
shriek, s_h_rēk
shrill, s_h_ril
slaked, slāked
soften, sof´n
solder, sol´dėr
sterile, ster´il
strength, stren_g_th
stupid, stū´pid
toward, tō´ėrd
Tuesday, t_ū_z´dā
turnip, tėr´nip
violet, v_ī_´-ō-let
Fāte, fa̤ll, fär, fat; mē, met, hėr; pīne, pin; nōte, not, möve;
tūbe, tub, bṳll; TH, _th_en; th, _th_in.
STANDARD IV. SENIOR.
GRADE 7.
1
typical
renewal
magical
chemical
botanical
valiant
hydrant
indignant
stimulant
luxuriant
assailant
occupant
incessant
applicant
consonant
cereals
alleged
civilian
secluded
abominate
Join --al to comic, logic, cubic, sign, brute, recite, remove,
arrive.
The applicant made indignant denial of his alleged scheming. The
occupants of the secluded domicile gambled incessantly. A valiant
civilian shielded a mulatto from a brutal assailant. Our fertile
prairies yield a luxuriant growth of cereals. Chemical changes appear
almost magical. The rector abominates the use of whisky or like
stimulants. The city's hydrants need renewal. With breech-loading
rifles we defended breaches in the rampart.
2
miscreant
intolerant
mendicant
immigrant
descendant
critical
tragical
physical
identical
fanatical
prodigal
cannibal
acquittal
occasional
economical
incite
censure
beseech
stalwart
lieutenant
Add --ant to account, assist, claim, defend, attend, repent, depend.
His descendants were prodigal, not economical. Finally they became
mere mendicants. Immigrants are intolerant of even occasional
censures. The lieutenant was critical of his recruit's physical
courage. A stalwart miscreant accused of cannibal practices secured
acquittal. Another tragical scene occurred at that identical spot.
Pontiac readily incited the fanatical Indians to revolt. An adept in
botanical lore went on a canoeing trip. Lye for cleansing woollen
shawls has lain here for eight weeks. A mere mite of a bugler moaned
beseechingly for a draught of water.
3
raiment
adjacent
reticent
opponent
diffident
indulgent
competent
consistent
provident
permanent
marvel
sequel
infidel
citadel
trammel
gibbet
penitent
obligation
protector
antiquated
Write --ent with differ, insist, confide, reside, provide, compete.
His wily opponent was reticent, divulging few secrets. A gibbet was
erected adjacent to the citadel. His antiquated raiment is consistent
with his provident custom. Is he competent to revise any permanent
obligations? Though hesitating and diffident he stubbornly maintained
his stand. The sequel showed how indulgent the protector was to
penitent rebels. Do not trammel the posse of police in pursuit of the
kidnapper. Broken treaties led to conflict. Consult a treatise on
ague. The lawyer gave good counsel to the mayor and village council.
4
deceit
conceit
ceiling
conceive
receiving
fiend
shriek
achieve
relieve
reprieve
prevalent
expedient
stringent
intelligent
benevolent
pleurisy
catarrh
manifest
bigamist
machinist
Catarrh and pleurisy are prevalent. Satan is the arch fiend. The
court received urgent requests to reprieve the bigamist. Success
is achieved by intelligent effort. It is expedient to use metal
ceilings. The benevolent machinist is believed to be conceited. The
villain shrieked when his deceit was manifest. Customs officers
conceived it necessary to make stringent rules against smugglers.
Pistils are seed-bearing organs. Rewarded according to his deserts. A
stream with cascades and cataracts.
NOTE: When sounded like long _e_, _i_ comes before _e_, except
after _c_.
5
elegance
defiance
alliance
variance
appliance
arrogance
ambulance
reluctance
annoyance
conveyance
surfeit
forfeit
counterfeit
heinous
inveigle
project
dynamite
terminate
excessive
explosive
NOTE: When not sounded like long _e_, the order of the letters is
_ei_.
Use an ambulance for his conveyance to a hospital. A surfeit of
wealth leads to arrogance. The use of dynamite and other explosives
was an excessive annoyance. With reluctance a counterfeiter produced
his skilful appliances. The elegance of his address diverted
suspicion from his heinous crimes. As the allies are at variance, the
alliance may terminate. By their defiance of justice they forfeited
our assurance of relief. His soul was teeming with projects of
deceit. A Hindu fakir inveigled me by his cleverness. A wretch reeled
over but, seizing the reins, he reseated himself.
6 (REVIEW)
cereal
achieve
incite
typical
catarrh
heinous
renewal
fiendish
reticent
variance
civilian
physical
adjacent
pleurisy
inveigle
dynamite
reprieve
expedient
miscreant
acquittal
counterfeit
descendant
assailant
consistent
machinist
benevolent
lieutenant
conveyance
Improvident mendicants made incessant appeals for relief. A reticent
lieutenant achieved mastery over his assailant. Is it expedient to
reprieve the miscreant who incited to such heinous crimes? Pleurisy
and catarrh are physical ailments. Was it fiendish to use dynamite in
besieging a citadel? An arrogant but benevolent machinist deemed it
consistent with honor to inveigle counterfeiters. Wheat is a typical
cereal. A renewal of the civilians' league led to many variances with
the soldiers.
7
offence
defence
pretence
eminence
diligence
deference
eloquence
indolence
excellence
recurrence
device
entice
suffice
spliced
indict
bulwarks
maintain
inditing
commodore
despicable
Form words in --ence from prefer, infer, confer, reside, revere.
Give verb forms corresponding to advice, device, practice, prophecy.
For a recurrence of the despicable offence he was promptly indicted
before a magistrate. The eloquence of the lawyer sufficed for his
defence. In deference to the commodore's request he spliced ropes
with diligence. His indolence was truly a pretence to cloak knavery.
A bulwark is perched on the lofty eminence. Savory fruits enticed the
saucy ruffian. The excellence of his device for maintaining warmth
is acknowledged. The document was indited and sealed. It is a wise
practice not to prophesy about elections.
8
malice
novice
cornice
solstice
artifice
estuary
obituary
dromedary
secretary
arbitrary
auxiliary
adversary
sanctuary
temporary
stationary
wether
brigand
bureau
enumerate
incredible
Add --ary to beg, note, vision, infirm, imagine, mission, custom.
The malice of his adversary was incredible. Though a mere novice
in business, he is made temporary secretary of the grocers' guild.
The obituary notice was deceiving. The brigands fled on dromedaries
beyond the Nile estuary. The cornice meets the sanctuary ceiling.
Is the sun stationary at the solstice? The arbitrary tyrant was won
over by a clever artifice. Enumerate the auxiliary verbs. From a
circle around the moon many augur foul weather. A tainted wether of
the flock. An ermine mantle occupied the mantel-piece. The adze and
auger are carpenters' tools. A handsome bureau adorned the ladies'
waiting-room.
9
roguery
quackery
colliery
cemetery
artillery
cajolery
treachery
shrubbery
monastery
stationery
axis
oasis
crisis
gratis
trellis
mechanism
ingenious
delectable
periodical
revolution
Join --ery to brave, scene, pot, mock, slave, brew, distil, bake.
Can you distinguish between quackery, cajolery, and roguery? A corps
of artillery quelled the feud at the colliery. A cemetery near the
monastery is concealed by profuse shrubbery and vines climbing on
trellises. The treachery of the guards occasioned an alarming crisis.
An oasis in the desert is delectable. The earth's revolution on its
axis is shown by an ingenious mechanism. His services are given
gratis. Purchase the periodicals at a stationery store. A stationary
engine is one not movable. A stationer sells stationery, as a
confectioner sells confectionery.
10
oratory
cursory
dilatory
lavatory
dormitory
directory
desultory
obligatory
compulsory
promissory
harass
cutlass
trespass
abscess
embarrass
merciless
malignant
merchandise
curriculum
interrogative
Put --ory or --tory with direct, deposit, prepare, purge, explain.
The college lavatory adjoins the dormitory, not the vestibule.
A dilatory customer was embarrassed by the cashier's refusal to
discount a promissory note. A cursory glance revealed a malignant
abscess. Desultory attacks in the merciless warfare harassed our
adversaries. Trespassers were frightened off by guards equipped
with cutlasses. Oratory is made obligatory by the new curriculum.
I certified to the completeness of the revised directory. Freight
charges on the cargo of merchandise are not satisfactory. Alter the
exclamatory sentence to an interrogative one.
11
destine
doctrine
aniline
gelatine
sanguine
profile
ductile
missile
imbecile
projectile
license
incense
dispense
condense
recompense
superseded
destructive
apothecary
temperament
Dreadnought
Form words by adding --e to bath, cloth, loath, wreath, breath.
Condensed aniline dyes seem destined to supersede other varieties. He
advocates the doctrine of recompensing owners of revoked licenses.
The projectiles hurled from a modern Dreadnought's batteries are most
destructive missiles. The apothecary does not dispense gelatine or
incense. The imbecile is obstinate. Gold is ductile. His countenance
as seen in profile indicates a sanguine temperament. The marshal
mustered the troops levied in populous centres. A circus troupe
delighted the populace.
12 (REVIEW)
indict
missile
artifice
roguery
harass
aniline
dilatory
obituary
imbecile
guerilla
cemetery
business
auxiliary
sanguine
solstice
secretary
projectile
supersede
recurrence
ingenious
despicable
eminence
promissory
curriculum
apothecary
embarrass
treachery
Dreadnought
A stationer was indicted for roguery. The artifice of his counsel
sufficed in that crisis. The novice was dilatory in inditing the
secretary's obituary notice. The apothecary was embarrassed by
despicable treachery. Offensive warfare harassed our auxiliaries. The
Dreadnought's eminence is due to projectiles of incredible force.
The apparatus for aniline dyeing is ingenious. Sanguine of business
success. A recurrence of the solstice. A new curriculum of studies
supersedes the old. Ancient missiles are found in a cemetery facing
the sanctuary. I purchased two bureaus.
13
ratable
pitiable
laudable
palatable
acceptable
deplorable
impassable
inestimable
inflammable
controllable
sabre
lucre
sombre
spectre
sceptre
equipped
battalion
compassion
phosphorus
expenditure
Form words in --able from agree, excite, prove, deplore, conceal.
The emperor's sceptre is of inestimable value. Few mountain barriers
are now impassable. The tax on rateable property is for controllable
expenditures. Filthy lucre is a term applied to money got by
deplorable practices. The battalion were equipped with acceptable
sabres. The spectre in the theatrical scene wore a sombre mien. His
laudable attempts to relieve pitiable distress. Phosphorus is highly
inflammable. Castor-oil is usually unpalatable. Commiseration lessens
grief, yet the lesson of affliction is invaluable. After dessert he
usually dozes on a lounge.
14
legible
audible
credible
plausible
digestible
eligible
feasible
admissible
corruptible
contemptible
creator
incisor
impostor
executor
competitor
affidavit
plaintiff
testimony
signature
cauliflower
Add --ible to force, resist, divide, digest, sense, corrupt,
produce.
A credible witness made affidavit that the plausible professor was an
impostor. The laughter was inaudible. The competitor was ineligible,
nor was his testimony deemed admissible. Beavers possess forcible
incisors. The executor of the plaintiff's estate is incorruptible.
God is our creator. The signature is illegible--a contemptible
scrawl. Though perplexing, the project is feasible. Is cauliflower
fairly digestible? They were admitted to the queen's presence and
their beautiful presents accepted. Undue severity towards criminals
is rarely permissible. I gain nought by climbing a knoll. The belle
wore a pearl brooch at the bridal party.
15
traceable
chargeable
changeable
damageable
manageable
peaceable
noticeable
serviceable
advantageable
marriageable
integer
coroner
diameter
conjurer
idolater
czar
forte
duet
cede
queue
diet
lieu
guise
alien
adage
Note that the _e_ is retained to preserve the soft sound of _c_ or
_g_.
An alien idolater was in the guise of a native conjurer. The czar
is a peaceable ruler. A serviceable rule for finding the diameter
of a circle. The Chinaman's queue is noticeable. Coroners' fees
are chargeable to public funds. He has two marriageable daughters.
Wrestling is my forte. Use goblets in lieu of tumblers. An
unmanageable team of ponies. His ideas are changeable. Malleable iron
is made into wagon tires. France ceded Canada to England. The celery
was unsaleable. Wrap the damageable goods in linen. Two-thirds is not
an integer.
16
facial
official
glacial
especial
judicial
artificial
beneficial
provincial
commercial
appointment
gamester
gossamer
barrister
chorister
scavenger
bouquet
recently
government
responsible
community
Note the hyphen in well-bred, ox-eyed, air-tight, text-book,
able-bodied, well-meant, high-flier, lion-hearted, fire-escape.
Canada has wonderful commercial advantages. The barrister aspires to
a judicial appointment from the provincial government. Glacial action
is largely responsible for our Great Lakes. The scavenger's duties
are beneficial to the whole community. The facial expression of the
gamester is especially severe. A bouquet of artificial lilies was
recently presented to the chorister by the choir officials. Gossamer
has an interesting derivation. Europeans were here later than the
Indians; the latter are dying out. His lax behavior proves that he
lacks self-control.
17
physic
mimic
traffic
shellac
bivouac
picnicker
mimicking
trafficked
rollicking
bivouacked
spiritual
inspiring
aspiration
dispiriting
conspiracy
urchin
extinct
corridor
galvanized
wearisome
NOTE: _k_ is used in these words to keep the _c_ hard.
Zincked or galvanized iron is serviceable. Trafficking in negroes is
not wholly extinct. The frolicsome urchins mimicked the simpleton.
Bivouacking is usually wearisome. Some rollicking picnickers suffered
later from colicky pains. He shellacked the corridor floors. A
prominent doctor believes in physicking his patients. He has
aspirations to be a pianist. We have spiritual as well as bodily
comforts. It was dispiriting to find the conspiracy so widespread.
The address on science was most inspiring.
18 (REVIEW)
spectre
integer
bouquet
incisors
coroner
acceptable
plausible
pitiable
sceptre
feasible
affidavit
palatable
signature
chargeable
bivouac
battalion
beneficial
artificial
competitor
conspiracy
government
eligible
plaintiff
impostor
noticeable
trafficker
scavenger
cauliflower
The coroner's signature is noticeable in the affidavit. It was
pitiable to see the scavenger wasted to a mere spectre. The bivouac
of the battalion was highly beneficial. Cauliflower is palatable. The
plaintiff charged his competitors with conspiracy. The government
favors a feasible scheme of artificial drainage. The plausible
impostor is not eligible for office. A bouquet of daisies was
acceptable. Integers are not fractions. Gnawing animals have sharp
incisors. Is he a trafficker in liquor licenses?
19
option
fiction
diction
sanction
rejection
deception
expedition
absorption
temptation
competition
rudiment
nutriment
merriment
impediment
compliment
hazardous
physiology
examination
conscience
proposition
Write words in --tion from create, defect, rotate, quote, dispose.
I await the sanction or the rejection of my proposition. Even
keen competition need not induce deception. The author received
compliments on his recent fiction. We had the option of joining the
expedition but deemed it too hazardous. There is an eager absorption
of nutriment by a healthy system. He has an impediment in speech, but
his diction is choice. Their merriment implies no deception. He tries
an examination on the rudiments of physiology. Obey your conscience
despite temptations. Send a petition to the city council against
flimsy partitions in buildings.
20
terrific
aquatic
athletic
despotic
pathetic
prolific
intrinsic
pugilistic
democratic
aristocratic
vehement
implement
settlement
amazement
complement
ensue
beverage
exhibition
programme
agricultural
Add --ic to angel, hero, tone, algebra, botany, drama, mason.
Pugilistic exhibitions were excluded from the athletic programme.
The regiment had a full complement of heroic privates. In the newer
settlements agricultural implements are necessary. Our government is
democratic, not despotic or aristocratic. We viewed with amazement
their use of alcoholic beverages and the pathetic scenes that
ensued. The naval conflict was vehement, even terrific. The walrus
is aquatic in habits. Our prairies give a prolific yield of wheat,
whose intrinsic or inherent worth is great. The United States is a
republic. A frantic struggle with a lunatic.
21
deity
agility
facility
civility
sincerity
iniquity
docility
alacrity
vicinity
dexterity
Grecian
magician
optician
politician
electrician
prescribe
displayed
negotiate
worshipped
certificate
Join --ity to intense, absurd, plural, noble, fatal, sincere,
docile.
An optician prescribed for my eyes. The politician dwelt on the
iniquity of his opponents and his own sincerity. A magician
displayed agility and dexterity. Ancient Grecian deities were
publicly worshipped by sacrifices. An electrician negotiated for a
residence in our vicinity. Civility and sincerity are certificates
of refinement. Accepting the challenge with alacrity, he showed his
facility in handling weapons. Don't meddle with the gas-meter. Juicy
pears are extremely agreeable to the palates of fever patients.
22
apprise
criticise
catechise
advertise
supervise
analyse
paralyse
enterprise
compromise
enfranchise
gaiety
surety
sobriety
notoriety
propriety
collapse
habitual
definition
disputant
intoxicating
NOTE: Chastise, comprise, demise, despise, devise, disguise,
exercise, merchandise, revise, surprise, surmise, also end in ise.
There is no surety that the enterprise will not collapse. He
criticised the propriety of using gestures. The deceased was
paralysed for years before his demise. To analyse means to resolve
into simpler elements. The disputants compromised by agreeing to
accept my definition. I apprised the foreigners that they could not
vote, as they were not enfranchised. Their disloyalty was a matter of
public notoriety. Habitual temperance in using intoxicating liquors
is laudable sobriety. Mention the provinces comprised in Canada.
Explain the meaning of numerator and denominator.
23
baptize
utilize
realize
civilize
tantalize
patronize
authorize
familiarize
emphasize
sympathize
addict
verdict
dedicate
contradict
predicate
assertion
missionary
justifiable
licentious
bereavement
Join --ize to equal, brutal, real, central, signal, pauper.
He realizes that the verdict is justifiable. Emphasize the
predicate. I am authorized to contradict his assertions. Refrain
from tantalizing dumb creatures. Patronize home products. The church
was dedicated to divine worship. The heathens were baptized in
the presence of many spectators. Previously they were addicted to
licentious practices. Missionaries aid in civilizing savage peoples.
I sincerely sympathize with you in your bereavement. Familiarize
yourself with the means of utilizing waste products.
24 (REVIEW)
gaiety
aquatic
analyse
civility
beverage
sincerely
sanction
facility
criticise
optician
paralyse
dexterity
negotiate
magician
docility
decision
vehement
recognize
conscience
intoxicate
physiology
spectator
implement
emphasize
worshipper
competition
programme
bereavement
The worshippers criticised the spectators for lack of civility. The
magician's dexterity was advertised on the programme. The optician
vehemently condemns beverages that intoxicate. Recognize the sanction
of a sincere conscience. He analyses sentences with facility. The
mayor's decision recognized the aquatic exhibition. He negotiated a
loan to organize an implement factory. His bereavement has paralysed
all gaiety. Elephants are remarkable for their docility. There is
keen competition in our physiology class. The missionary emphasized
the iniquity of perjury.
25
genius
radius
exodus
impetus
stimulus
gladiolus
terminus
narcissus
apparatus
ignoramus
siphon
graphic
epitaph
phaeton
phantom
vision
solicitor
extraordinary
encouragement
manufacturing
Use no hyphen in barefaced, greyhound, breastplate, breadstuffs.
The Bible contains a graphic account of the exodus from Egypt.
The narcissus and gladiolus are favourite flowers. Describe the
difference between a phaeton and a carriage. The epitaph on the
solicitor's tomb was composed by a genius, not an ignoramus. The
radius of a circle can readily be computed without special apparatus.
Encouragement is a great stimulus to exertion. The terminus of the
steamboat route is an important site for manufacturing. The weight
of the atmosphere causes liquids to flow in a siphon. A phantom is a
fancied, not a real, vision. Abundant harvests give an extraordinary
impetus to trade.
26
perilous
covetous
timorous
frivolous
poisonous
felicitous
disastrous
boisterous
gluttonous
miraculous
mileage
acreage
mortgage
equipage
disparage
republic
allowance
adventure
exaggerate
automobile
Add --ous to fibre, nerve, pomp, resin, riot, venom, wonder, zeal.
The acreage under cultivation is exaggerated. He disparages the
importance of our felicitous relations with the republic. A
gluttonous person is too covetous of dainty victuals. Senators have
an ample mileage allowance. To the timorous the adventure appeared
perilous. His recovery after swallowing the poisonous draught
was miraculous. The automobile is our latest equipage. It may be
disastrous to mortgage the residence. Avoid being frivolous or
boisterous. Beware the bite of a venomous reptile.
27
session
evasion
version
decision
collision
derision
omission
dimension
dissension
digression
ninths
eighths
twelfths
thirtieths
ninetieths
calculate
utterance
parliament
penniless
pronunciation
Form words in --sion from confuse, infuse, possess, depress, omit,
revise. Add --ths to forty, sixty, eighty, hundred, thousand.
There was an omission of two-eighths from the total. The utterance
of a penniless passenger gives a new version of the collision.
Dissensions in parliament prolonged the session. How many ninetieths
equal eleven-thirtieths? His address contained serious digressions
from the main issue. Calculate the dimensions of the rectangle to the
twelfth of an inch. The decision to modify pronunciation was greeted
with cries of derision. There should be no evasion of duty. How much
is two-thirds of one-ninth?
28
function
quotation
exemption
redemption
completion
inflection
institution
conjunction
transaction
consumption
mosque
opaque
unique
oblique
antique
renown
campaign
chameleon
congratulate
triumphant
Write words in --tion from exert, digest, donate, incline, reject.
The conjunction has no inflection. His collection of antique vases
is renowned. The chameleon is unique in some respects. What is
the function of the hyphen? The worshippers in the mosque are
not Christians. I congratulated the general upon the triumphant
completion of his campaign. Explain the difference between vertical
and oblique lines. Ground glass is somewhat opaque. A foreign
institution secured exemption from taxation. Consumption is often
fatal. I cited quotations from English authors. The redemption of the
notes was a costly transaction.
29
duellist
jeweller
traveller
towelling
imperilled
chiselled
medallist
apparelled
councillor
victualler
gentian
artesian
comedian
barbarian
Presbyterian
decrepit
costume
extricate
scrutinize
exhaustible
Note: Words ending in one _l_ double it on adding a vowel suffix.
The comedian is a noted duellist, excelling in the use of the sword.
The traveller was apparelled in the native barbarian costume.
The councillor advocated artesian wells to give an inexhaustible
supply of excellent water. The jeweller chiselled a gentian on the
medallist's watch. The licensed victuallers scrutinized the quality
of the towelling. A Presbyterian clergyman imperilled his life to
extricate the decrepit vagrant. He shovelled the snow away to steer
the sleigh easily. People who affect too much politeness rarely
effect much real good.
30 (REVIEW)
opaque
acreage
epitaph
twelfths
decrepit
covetous
solicitor
oblique
phaeton
equipage
omission
mortgage
frivolous
ninetieths
victualler
inflection
campaign
counsellor
apparelled
apparatus
felicitous
completion
automobile
miraculous
parliament
exhaustible
congratulate
Presbyterian
There was an omission of the phaeton, automobile, and other equipages
from the mortgage. The frivolous solicitor was covetous of being made
king's counsellor. The epitaph of the Presbyterian minister is very
felicitous. A decrepit victualler was oddly apparelled. The acreage
under cereals is a great encouragement. Parliament congratulated
the army upon the completion of the campaign. Our prairies
appear inexhaustible in fertility. How much is eight-twelfths of
seven-ninetieths? A miraculous rescue.
31
labor
valor
dolor
arbor
fervor
succor
rancor
glamor
splendor
demeanor
honorary
valorous
dolorous
humorist
clamorous
cypress
corporal
sycamore
appreciate
accomplish
NOTE: Instead of the final _or_ in many noun forms _our_ is
recognized as a variant. The _u_ in the latter form is invariably
dropped when the suffix _ous_ is added.
The mien of the humorist when off the stage is dolorous. The
corporal's valorous demeanor was highly commended. He was elected
honorary president of the federated labor union. The villain's malice
and rancor were severely censured. Her beauty and splendor cast
a glamor over all. Deeds of valor are accomplished in the joyous
fervor of youth. When in danger of drowning he was very clamorous for
succor. In my garden is an arbor sheltered by cypress and sycamore
trees. Filled with dolor at the prospect of death. I appreciate Arbor
Day.
32
duteous
piteous
aqueous
gaseous
bounteous
righteous
plenteous
nauseous
courteous
erroneous
typify
mystify
rectify
beautify
sanctify
illuminate
almsgiving
manuscript
compassionate
circumstantial
Add --ify to class, pure, false, glory, ample, intense, just,
diverse.
Steam is aqueous vapor. He was very courteous when requested to
rectify the erroneous statement. Castor-oil typifies a nauseous
draught. Bounteous almsgiving and righteous behavior beautified his
life. Gaseous products from coal illuminate our houses. A plenteous
peach yield. The circumstantial evidence merely mystified the jurors.
Her piteous appeal fell on compassionate ears. A duteous daughter
sanctifies a home. He was accused of falsifying the manuscript. A
pair of moccasins. He related an anecdote of a penniless acquaintance
of ours.
33
dubious
hilarious
obnoxious
laborious
penurious
notorious
delirious
ingenious
luxurious
abstemious
rarefy
liquefy
putrefy
stupefy
rascality
corduroy
telephone
vagabond
phonograph
temperature
Join --ous to injury, envy, mystery, vary, victory, study.
When delirious his temperature was so high as to cause anxiety. He
seemed dubious of victory. When he won there was hilarious rejoicing.
Heat liquefies metals. Using tobacco tends to stupefy a youth. He is
not luxurious, but rather penurious, in his tastes. Obnoxious weeds
should be ruthlessly destroyed. Instances of long life are chiefly
among the abstemious. Putrefied meat is poisonous. The vagabond was
notorious for his rascality. Edison is a type of the laborious and
ingenious inventor. To him we owe the phonograph. The telephone was
invented by a Canadian, Dr. Bell. The air is rarefied as one ascends.
Corduroy trousers.
34
cavalier
fusilier
grenadier
brigadier
chevalier
gaselier
chandelier
electrolier
financier
chiffonier
geranium
aquarium
gymnasium
harmonium
nasturtium
resolute
originally
inadequate
discordant
establishment
NOTE: No capital is needed in such phrases as, morocco leather,
plaster of paris, french polish, prussian blue, turkey red, etc.
Originally soldiers were described by the particular weapon used; as,
grenadier, fusilier, bombardier. The chandelier is the most ancient,
next the gaselier, and now the electrolier. The financier encouraged
the establishment of a gymnasium. Place a bouquet of geraniums and
nasturtiums on the chiffonier. The brigadier was resolute in exacting
obedience. Our school aquarium is inadequate. The church harmonium is
woefully discordant. Cavaliers or chevaliers were armed horsemen.
35
mutineer
domineer
gazetteer
buccaneer
scrutineer
athlete
compete
secrete
complete
concrete
secede
accede
concede
precede
stampede
cupola
asthma
militia
naphtha
orchestra
NOTE: Agreed, exceed, indeed, proceed, succeed.
The mutineers seized the ship and started as buccaneers. He proceeded
to complete the cupola. The athlete conceded the advantage to his
rival. He graciously acceded to my request. Some dissatisfied
members seceded from the orchestra. A wooden pavement preceded the
concrete one. The scrutineer succeeded in preventing our secreting
the ballots. The militia domineered over the citizens. Purchase a
naphtha launch. Fire caused the tethered horses to stampede. We did
not compete for publishing the gazetteer. Asthma is frequently fatal.
36 (REVIEW)
accede
militia
piteous
asthma
cypress
concrete
succor
gaselier
naphtha
adequate
sanctify
splendor
ingenious
rascality
putrefy
telephone
sycamore
plenteous
aquarium
humorous
orchestra
financier
geranium
preceding
nauseous
obnoxious
demeanor
manuscript
The militia proceeded to succor the cavalry. The financier's demeanor
was obnoxious to the orchestra. Sycamore trees are plenteous, but
cypresses are scarce. The orchestra played humorous pieces at the
aquarium. Concrete the cellar. It was piteous to witness the asthma
patients. Telephone for an adequate supply of naphtha. A piece of
ingenious rascality. In the preceding year the queen acceded to the
request of her subjects. Putrefying vegetables are dangerous. A
manuscript shows a gaselier.
37
judicious
capacious
malicious
audacious
sagacious
veracity
ferocity
vivacity
scarcity
capacity
adhere
sincere
austere
cashmere
hemisphere
reticule
renegade
adherence
characterize
archipelagos
Change ferocity, vivacity, capacity, sagacity, veracity to forms in
--ous. Make nouns in --ity from atrocious, capacious, sagacious.
The sagacious collie exhibits no ferocity. The audacious renegade
adhered to his malicious fiction. Though austere in features he has
great vivacity in manner. A sincere, judicious adherence to right
principles characterized the governor. I am conscious of the scarcity
of men with eminent business capacity. Veracity signifies strict
regard for truth. Genuine cashmere shawls come from Asia. There are
few archipelagos in our hemisphere. A foreign guide carried a bowie
knife in a capacious reticule.
38
fictitious
vexatious
ambitious
infectious
expeditious
curiosity
inferiority
generosity
university
immensity
opium
asylum
gypsum
quorum
museum
committee
inordinate
overwhelm
magnificent
acknowledge
Make noun forms of words in --ious, and adj. forms of those in
--ity.
The university possesses a magnificent museum. Infectious diseases
are readily spread. Hire an expeditious conveyance. Be cautious to
abstain from opium. The patients at the asylum gave fictitious names.
Gypsum frequently contains the fossil remains of extinct animals.
Owing to the lack of a quorum the committee transacted no business.
Inordinate curiosity is often vexatious to others. Though almost
overwhelmed by adversity they manifested princely generosity. The
immensity of the British empire is now fully acknowledged. He is
ambitious to control the woollen industry.
39
secrecy
privacy
delicacy
clemency
obstinacy
cordial
congenial
parochial
centennial
testimonial
beacon
matron
venison
environs
oblivion
beguile
revenue
heighten
ceremony
complexion
Write sec. person sing. of pray, prayed, bless, hate, ruled;
_e.g._, burnest.
The delicacy of the matron's complexion is very noticeable. The
city's environs have asphalt avenues. The emperor is renowned for
clemency. The centennial ceremonies rescued many quaint customs from
oblivion. The rector maintained secrecy as to his parochial revenues.
Congenial companions beguiled a tedious voyage. Obstinacy merely
heightened the culprit's guilt. The princess is most cordial towards
friends in the privacy of her home. Beacon lights are essential to
the safety of sailors. I won a testimonial for good behavior. Savory
venison is digestible.
40
accurate
duplicate
intricate
elaborate
collegiate
initiate
fascinate
anticipate
expectorate
emancipate
indicative
nominative
transitive
subjunctive
comparative
obscene
crescent
sciatica
ascertain
condescend
Write verb forms like prayeth, from love, mourn, fear, see, reign.
I ascertained that the principal of the Collegiate Institute
anticipates a big attendance. The crescent moon is the Turkish
symbol. His scheme is too elaborate and intricate. I sent a receipt
in duplicate. He distinguishes accurately between the indicative
and the subjunctive mood. The empress condescended to occupy a
comparatively mean cottage. Serpents are said to fascinate and
stupefy their prey. England emancipated negro slaves about 1808.
Refrain from obscene language. A skilful doctor relieved my sciatica.
Avoid coughing and expectorating phlegm on the street.
REVIEW OF THE DIFFICULT WORDS.
abscess
absorption
abstemious
acceptable
acknowledge
acquaintance
acquittal
adherence
adjacent
admissible
adversary
affidavit
agriculture
amazement
ambitious
analyse
anecdote
aniline
annoyance
anticipate
apologize
apothecary
apparel
appliance
appreciate
aquarium
archipelago
aristocratic
arrogance
artesian
artifice
artillery
ascertain
asphalt
asthma
asylum
athlete
audacious
austere
authorize
automobile
auxiliary
baptize
barbarian
battalion
beneficial
benevolent
bereavement
beverage
bivouac
boisterous
bouquet
bounteous
brigadier
buccaneer
campaign
cannibal
capacity
cashmere
cataract
catarrh
cauliflower
cavalier
cemetery
centennial
cereals
ceremony
chandelier
changeable
characterize
chorister
citadel
civilian
clamorous
clemency
collegiate
colliery
comedian
commercial
committee
commiserate
comparative
compassionate
competition
complete
complement
complexion
compliments
compulsory
concede
conceit
concrete
confectionery
congenial
congratulate
conscience
consonant
conspiracy
consumption
conveyance
cordial
corduroy
cornice
coroner
corridor
costume
councillor
counsellor
counterfeit
courteous
covetous
crescent
criticise
curriculum
cursory
cypress
damageable
deception
decision
decrepit
deference
delicacy
delirious
demeanor
descendants
despicable
dexterous
diameter
dilatory
diligence
disparage
dissension
divisible
docility
doctrine
dromedary
duplicate
duteous
dynamite
economical
electrician
eligible
eloquence
emancipate
embarrass
emphasize
enfranchise
encouragement
epitaph
equipage
erroneous
especially
estuary
exaggerate
excellence
exclamatory
executor
exemption
exhaustible
expedition
extinct
extraordinary
facility
familiarize
fascinate
fanatical
feasible
felicity
ferocious
fiction
financier
frivolous
function
gaselier
gentian
gluttonous
gorgeous
government
Grecian
gymnasium
hazardous
heinous
hemisphere
humorist
identical
idolatrous
imbecile
immigrant
impassable
impediment
imperilling
implement
impostor
inadequate
incessant
incisor
indolence
infectious
integer
interrogative
intoxicant
intricate
inveigle
judicious
license
lieutenant
liquefy
luxuriant
machinist
magician
magnificent
malicious
manuscript
marriageable
merciless
merriment
mimicking
miraculous
moccasin
mortgage
museum
naphtha
nasturtium
nauseous
negotiate
ninetieths
nominative
nutriment
obituary
obligatory
obnoxious
obscene
offensive
officious
omission
optician
opponent
orchestra
original
overwhelm
palatable
paralyse
parliament
parochial
peaceable
penurious
periodical
permanent
phaeton
phonograph
phosphorus
physical
physiology
picnicker
piteous
plaintiff
plausible
plenteous
pleurisy
politician
preceding
predicate
Presbyterian
pretence
privacy
programme
projectile
promissory
pronunciation
provincial
putrefy
raiment
rancor
rascality
receipt
recurrence
recommend
redemption
renewal
renowned
reprieve
rescuing
resolute
reticent
reticule
revenue
righteous
roguery
sagacious
saleable
sanction
sanctuary
sanguine
savory
scarcity
sciatica
scrutinize
seceded
secrecy
secrete
secretary
serviceable
shrubbery
signature
sincerely
sobriety
solicitor
solstice
spectator
splendor
stampede
stationary
stationer
stimulus
suffice
supersede
supervise
surfeit
sycamore
sympathize
tantalize
telephone
temperament
temptation
testimonial
timorous
tragical
transaction
treachery
triumphant
typify
utilize
utterance
variance
vehement
venison
veracity
vexatious
vicinity
victualler
vivacity
wearisome
woollen
worshipper
SMALL DIFFICULT WORDS.
accede
acreage
adage
adhere
adze
agile
alien
allies
antique
apprise
aquatic
arbor
axis
basque
beau
beguile
belle
blonde
bureau
cede
chord
cite
civility
crisis
deceit
deity
diction
diet
dozing
draught
ductile
duet
duly
eighths
ensue
ermine
evasion
eyelet
facial
fakir
fervor
feud
fiend
fossil
forte
fusilier
gaiety
gibbet
glacial
gnash
graphic
gratis
guild
guise
gypsum
harass
haunch
heighten
hoax
incite
indict
indite
issue
joist
knack
lair
legible
lieu
lilies
loathe
lore
lucre
mauve
meagre
merely
mien
mileage
militia
missile
mites
mosque
novice
oasis
oblique
odious
opaque
option
oriole
pitiable
plague
posse
prairie
precede
profile
prolific
pshaw
queue
quorum
rarefy
rateable
realize
recent
rectify
rector
relief
revenue
roguish
rouge
rout
route
sabre
sacque
sceptre
scrawl
sequel
session
shield
siege
sieve
siphon
site
sleight
sparsely
spectre
stealth
stupefy
succor
surety
symbol
toque
trellis
troupe
truly
twelfth
typical
unique
vagrant
valor
version
villain
vision
wether
wholly
woeful
wrought
STANDARD V. JUNIOR.
GRADE 8.
NOTE.--In this grade exercises in derivation should be given for
seat-work.
1
nuisance
grievance
compliance
accordance
significance
allegiance
resistance
pursuance
inheritance
perseverance
artificer
poulterer
interpreter
fishmonger
parishioner
maritime
pedestrian
relinquish
attachment
indefatigable
By indefatigable perseverance the rector won the loyal attachment
of his parishioners. A skilful artificer executed this emblem. The
fishmonger's stall adjoins the poulterer's. The interpreter converses
fluently in several languages. In 1812, the Canadians offered valiant
resistance to the Americans. On a pedestrian tour baggage is a
nuisance. The Boers recounted their alleged grievances. In accordance
with the judge's decision, the sheriff secured inheritance of the
estate. Their allegiance to the sovereign is of great significance.
In pursuance of treaty agreements they relinquished all maritime
possessions. Ready compliance with requests.
2
incessant
defendant
irrelevant
exorbitant
extravagant
malignant
supplicant
conversant
complainant
predominant
auditor
ancestor
aggressor
chancellor
benefactor
affability
boatswain
handiwork
confederate
cousin-german
The complainant and the defendant are cousins-german. He asks
exorbitant prices for his handiwork. His predominant characteristic
is affability. The auditor says the outlay for police is extravagant.
Our ancestors scarcely comprehended Canada's wonderful wealth. Cancer
is a malignant disease. The haughty aggressor gave his confederate
a significant look. The boatswain's testimony was deemed irrelevant
by the chancellor. The incessant entreaties of a wretched supplicant
were answered by a generous benefactor. I am conversant with all the
circumstances.
3
lamentable
formidable
remediable
accountable
commendable
irrevocable
disreputable
inconceivable
indispensable
irreconcilable
adjutant
buoyant
pageant
confidant
ascendant
tariff
sumac
suavity
premier
combating
Samson's one lamentable failing wrought his irrevocable ruin. A
buoyant spirit sustained the adjutant when combating formidable
foes. The historic character of the Quebec pageant is accountable
for its success. The disaster to the relief corps is irremediable.
The premier's uniform suavity is most commendable. His disreputable
behavior changed stanch friends into irreconcilable enemies. The
distance to the fixed stars is inconceivable. Make few confidants.
The high-tariff party was in the ascendant. Bring only indispensable
necessaries. Sumac leaves are used in tanning. The Protestant divine
wore a surplice.
4
delinquent
malevolent
antecedent
fraudulent
belligerent
recipient
proficient
armament
munificent
omnipotent
accessible
invincible
susceptible
exhaustible
corruptible
paraffin
kerosene
marauder
firmament
resources
Their armament, vaunted as invincible, was readily conquered. The
starry firmament proclaims the omnipotent Creator. The belligerent
tribes offered a stout resistance to the marauders. Be not
susceptible to flattery. He inherits his ancestors' malevolent
disposition. Paraffin candles were antecedent to kerosene oil. The
delinquent debtor had made fraudulent statements of his resources.
The fortunate recipient of the prize is a proficient musician. He was
a munificent benefactor to the hospital. He evinced inexhaustible
energy. Were the city's officials wholly incorruptible? The ibex
browses at almost inaccessible heights.
5
deference
existence
penitence
negligence
conscience
precedence
abstinence
occurrence
abhorrence
interference
ostensible
intelligible
discernible
irresistible
imperceptible
eclipse
telescope
seniority
gratifying
enunciation
"Conscience doth make cowards of us all." During the earthquake we
trembled for our very existence. Prolonged abstinence from a meat
diet impaired his strength. Such gross negligence is indefensible.
The tornado was irresistible. His penitence was more ostensible than
genuine. Clear enunciation aids in making reading intelligible.
In deference to his seniority he was accorded precedence. I feel
abhorrence for interference in politics by women. The eclipse was
discernible through a telescope. A slight, even imperceptible
difference. A gratifying occurrence.
6 (REVIEW)
pageant
ancestor
artificer
nuisance
existence
maritime
recipient
benefactor
gratifying
susceptible
occurrence
fraudulent
enunciation
parishioner
bulletin
caravan
upheaval
fulfilment
sacrament
matrimony
enthusiasm
corpse
episode
vacation
banisters
shanghai
appendix
rhinoceros
The parishioners made their generous benefactor the recipient of a
salver. Our ancestors' fanciful costumes were seen in the pageant.
A recent edition of the book has the addition of an appendix. The
episode of their rescue was a gratifying occurrence. A fierce grizzly
bear mauled his prey. Though in attendance, the hospital assistants
and attendants were of little assistance to the surgeon. The
artificer was susceptible to cajolery. He acknowledged the existence
of fraudulent receipts. In vacation I go to the maritime provinces.
The mangled corpses were a grisly sight.
7
raillery
dysentery
effrontery
buffoonery
debauchery
interstice
dentifrice
armistice
apprentice
accomplice
judgment
argument
lodgment
abridgment
acknowledgment
lichen
lenient
gratuitous
miscreant
cantaloupe
The apprentice is addicted to debauchery. The dentifrice was a
gratuitous gift. A respite from buffoonery. The Commander-in-Chief
signed an armistice after an argument. Lichens found lodgment and
grew in the interstices of the cliff. Well-bred people rarely descend
to raillery. The judgment of the court inflicted a severe penalty
upon the counterfeiter's accomplices. Dysentery resulted from eating
unripe cantaloupe. He censured the miscreant's shameless effrontery.
An acknowledgment of his offence resulted in a lenient sentence. An
abridgment is the whole in little.
8
culinary
hereditary
mercenary
alimentary
incendiary
exemplary
sanguinary
preliminary
penitentiary
anniversary
synopsis
paralysis
emphasis
verdigris
parenthesis
utensil
inspector
aluminum
subordinate
deportment
Correct emphasis gives pleasing variety to speech. The incendiary was
sentenced to the penitentiary. Culinary utensils made of aluminum are
preferred in hotel kitchens. Our national anniversary is celebrated
on July 1st. He is distinguished for exemplary deportment. There
was a sanguinary encounter preliminary to the main battle. Formerly
many sovereigns employed mercenary troops. Verdigris is poisonous. A
tendency to certain diseases appears to be hereditary. Enclose the
subordinate clause in parentheses. Paralysis of the alimentary canal
interferes with digestion. The inspector requested a synopsis of
Queen Victoria's reign.
9
offertory
derogatory
peremptory
promontory
conciliatory
ejaculatory
valedictory
observatory
explanatory
inflammatory
crucial
financial
sacrificial
prejudicial
controversial
analyst
soprano
eliminate
teetotaler
chloroform
The valedictory address was enlivened by ejaculatory remarks from
the audience. During the offertory the soprano rendered a fine
solo. I made a peremptory demand for salary due. The appeal was
inflammatory, not conciliatory. This treatise is explanatory of the
elaborate sacrificial rites of the Jews. All controversial points
were eliminated from the report. He is accused of uttering statements
derogatory to the teetotaler's sincerity, and prejudicial to the
state. An analyst made a crucial test of the purity of chloroform.
Scrutinize the financial report.
10
alienate
emaciate
negotiate
facilitate
assimilate
accelerate
syndicate
confiscate
gesticulate
corroborate
celestial
influential
equinoctial
reverential
confidential
despatch
detective
asbestos
mastication
benediction
Excise officials confiscated an illicit whisky still. The politician
alienated influential adherents. With reverential mien the vicar
invoked a celestial benediction. Many foreigners gesticulate freely
in talking. The detective's confidential report corroborated my
statement. Several capitalists were incorporated as a syndicate. They
negotiated for an asbestos mine. Accuracy and despatch facilitate
business. Equinoctial gales accelerated the yacht speed. Thorough
mastication aids the assimilation of food. His emaciated appearance
excites compassion. The frigate's crew mutinied. He is repairing the
dilapidated edifices. There was much cordiality in his greeting. A
suit of linen pyjamas.
11
linear
jocular
jugular
globular
muscular
requite
expedite
parasite
anchorite
anthracite
integrity
depravity
perplexity
tranquillity
susceptibility
sawyer
bequeath
mistletoe
mercantile
intersperse
The mistletoe is a parasite on the oak. His jugular vein was
nearly severed in two. Anthracite is accorded preference over
bituminous coal. A lone anchorite aims to live in tranquillity. I
am in perplexity as to linear and cubic measures. He requited my
hospitality by bequeathing a generous legacy. Such degradation and
depravity are attributed to savage barbarity. Extreme susceptibility
to weather conditions materially weakens the patient's vitality.
Punctuality expedites mercantile affairs. Secular interests differ
from spiritual. Many recent balloons are not globular in shape. A
muscular-looking sawyer interspersed jocular remarks.
12 (REVIEW)
raillery
bequeath
dysentery
facilitate
emphasis
dentifrice
miscreant
paralysis
teetotaler
apprentice
gesticulate
benediction
explanatory
conciliatory
bailiff
attitude
steadfast
stratagem
detriment
calcimine
diametrically
tarlatan
trillium
pictorial
cretonne
vanquish
loathsome
masquerade
The teetotaler's emphasis and gestures evoked the apprentice's
raillery. Detectives were despatched to seize the miscreant's
accomplices. Amity and enmity are diametrically opposed. The navvy
interspersed jocose remarks about the use of a dentifrice. Nothing
can exceed my desire to accede to your request for mistletoe. My sire
bequeathed me his benediction. His conciliatory attitude towards the
anthracite miners facilitated negotiations. A difference of a few
instants menaced the success of our stratagem. I related an instance
of the bailiff's deference.
13
fallacy
efficacy
celibacy
advocacy
obstinacy
intricacy
democracy
supremacy
episcopacy
aristocracy
futile
facile
textile
ductile
versatile
cheviot
loyalist
platinum
persuasive
Shakespeare
The fallacy of the critic's argument was evident. The principles of
democracy rarely find advocacy among members of the aristocracy.
Within his realms the king holds supremacy. The ductile nature of
platinum permits nice intricacy of design. None ever surpassed
Aristotle in versatile genius. Cheviot cloth is a textile fabric.
Celibacy of the clergy is a trait distinctive of the Catholic Church.
The majority of the loyalists embraced Episcopacy. He vouched for
the efficacy of the liniment. Shakespeare's facile pen has delighted
many generations. The tyrant's obstinacy rendered futile our most
persuasive appeals.
14
heresy
ecstasy
apostasy
courtesy
hypocrisy
curtsy
epilepsy
amateur
grandeur
chauffeur
tragical
sceptical
fanatical
majestical
ecclesiastical
succumb
transient
obeisance
palmistry
bumptious
A stranger's courtesy often exceeds a friend's. Revere sincerity,
shun hypocrisy. Even transient visitors were unwearied in lauding
the grandeur of the scene. Judas's apostasy consigned him to the
reprobate class. "Waked to ecstasy the living lyre." The tutor
succumbed to epilepsy. She made a graceful curtsy or obeisance to the
duchess. I dissuaded him from employing a bumptious amateur in lieu
of an experienced chauffeur. The procession swept majestically along.
His bigoted, fanatical views were resolutely suppressed. Subsequently
he was sceptical of the claims of palmistry. The curate was tried for
heresy before an ecclesiastical tribunal. The ruffian met a tragical
fate.
15
decency
currency
tendency
efficiency
emergency
vagrancy
brilliancy
occupancy
discrepancy
repugnancy
radical
identical
technical
tyrannical
alphabetical
redoubt
schedule
catalogue
veterinary
vaccination
"Want of decency is want of sense." Evidently there is some
radical defect when young men descend to vagrancy. None doubted
the efficiency of the veterinary surgeon. The auditor found no
discrepancy in the schedules. The Kaiser's occupancy of the castle
was brief. The impostor has a tendency to use spurious currency. In
case of emergency the militia will defend the redoubt. The brilliancy
of the meteor was obscured by vapor. The catalogue of the technical
school gives an alphabetical list of apparatus. That is the identical
excuse you proffered previously. Our evil inclinations are our most
tyrannical foes. I feel no repugnancy towards vaccination.
16
velocity
sagacity
audacity
duplicity
simplicity
elasticity
loquacity
complicity
reciprocity
eccentricity
lineage
heritage
assuage
scrimmage
hemorrhage
woeful
stevedore
surcingle
subpœna
malefactor
In children simplicity is usually preferred to loquacity. All men
appreciate the heritage of a noble lineage. I endeavored to assuage
his grief for his niece's death, due to a hemorrhage. Accused of
complicity in the plot, the malefactor was served with a subpœna.
The elasticity of rubber is familiar to all. The stevedore displayed
great audacity in the scrimmage. The initial velocity of a cannon
ball is tremendous. The artist's eccentricity of manner is woeful. He
accused me of duplicity in advocating a policy of reciprocity with
the United States. He is noted for the sagacity of his judgments. Get
a snaffle and surcingle for the pony.
17
diversity
verbosity
animosity
immensity
perversity
intensity
pomposity
propensity
monstrosity
impetuosity
hypocrite
plebiscite
exquisite
requisite
perquisite
reconcile
conciseness
disinfectant
amphitheatre
sanctimonious
A sanctimonious hypocrite evinced great propensity to deceit. Part
beast, part bird, the creature was a monstrosity. The pomposity of
the speaker aroused the animosity of his audience. The immensity
of the amphitheatre was revealed by the intensity of the light.
Conciseness of style is preferable to verbosity. A diversity of
opinion exists as to the utility of disinfectants. A suite of
exquisitely fitted rooms is a perquisite of the viceroy's. Explain
the requisite qualifications for a voter in the plebiscite on local
option. A stubborn perversity of will may accompany impetuosity of
action.
18 (REVIEW)
ecstasy
assuage
amateur
exquisite
identical
schedule
obeisance
subpœna
hypocrite
efficiency
transient
veterinary
hemorrhage
eccentricity
pretext
optical
warily
mirage
illusion
cymbals
humane
chemise
embezzle
primitive
semaphore
crucifixion
inseparable
sauer-kraut
Has he the remedies requisite to assuage the stevedore's hemorrhage?
A subpœna cut short the amateur's ecstasy. These concise schedules
are not identical. A mirage is a transient optical illusion. No
allusion was made to the veterinary's apostasy, but his eccentricity
is plain. The mace is a symbol of authority. His offer to play
the cymbals was merely a pretext for soliciting alms. An eminent
physician was most humane in prescribing for the wretch, who was in
imminent danger. Sea-sickness induced violent retching. The secretary
has a record of the ayes and noes.
19
igneous
ligneous
beauteous
cutaneous
miscellaneous
gorgeous
courageous
outrageous
advantageous
simultaneous
galleon
dudgeon
bludgeon
puncheon
chameleon
assassin
suzerain
eruption
accordion
ingredient
Granite is an igneous rock. Sailing in the gorgeous sunset,
the galleon was a beauteous sight. The editor found the use of
miscellaneous items very advantageous. The suzerain was in high
dudgeon at the outrageous conduct of subordinates. Cutaneous
eruptions are cured by balms. The two courageous firemen emerged
from the ruins almost simultaneously. The assassin used a heavy
bludgeon. The chameleon was drowned in a puncheon. The metal box has
a ligneous appearance. In accordions the tones are generated by means
of metallic reeds. What are the ingredients in the mixture?
20
vexatious
rebellious
fastidious
contagious
mysterious
ingenious
illustrious
salubrious
amphibious
ignominious
plebeian
meridian
tragedian
equestrian
grammarian
jonquil
hygiene
anatomy
cyclamen
hysterics
People so fastidious about appearances are most vexatious. An
ingenious physician proved the disease to be contagious. The
illustrious tragedian died at the meridian of his glory. Many
amphibious animals live in salubrious climates. The grammarian
preserved a mysterious silence. The oppressive laws enacted by the
nobles made the plebeians rebellious. The equestrian performance in
the circus was an ignominious failure. The cyclamen and jonquil bloom
profusely. Hygiene was substituted for anatomy. A frenzy of grief
induced hysterics. Nicotine from tobacco is highly poisonous.
21
spirituous
impetuous
sumptuous
ambiguous
contiguous
superfluous
conspicuous
tempestuous
promiscuous
contemptuous
pavilion
cotillion
vermilion
postillion
contagion
crochet
croquet
furlough
insomnia
barricade
A free use of spirituous liquors was once believed to prevent
contagion. Contemptuous treatment often gives rise to tempestuous
scenes. Contiguous to the infirmary is a barricade. A promiscuous
crowd danced a cotillion. Conspicuous among these by his vermilion
necktie, was the postillion. Later, a sumptuous banquet was served
in the pavilion with scrupulous care. The use of superfluous phrases
renders his meaning ambiguous. Is he apt to be crotchety when playing
croquet? The ensign's furlough was curtailed. Laudanum should not be
used for insomnia.
22
mucous
ludicrous
dexterous
garrulous
tremulous
scurrilous
unanimous
marvellous
anonymous
omnivorous
routine
aquiline
crinoline
guillotine
tambourine
courier
missive
attorney
intercede
restaurant
Fishwives are noted for scurrilous language. Viewed merely as a
literary work, the Bible is a marvellous volume. The attorney was
tremulous when interceding with the jury. The restaurant waiter
is garrulous. A courier received an anonymous missive. Mucous
expectorations contribute to spread disease. The guillotine is so
named from its introducer. A swarthy gypsy maiden played a tambourine
dexterously. Stylish ladies may resume the wearing of crinoline. The
bugler has an aquiline nose and a ludicrous squint. I found solace in
the routine of daily duties. Swine are omnivorous feeders. The vote
for the aqueduct was unanimous.
23
melee
decree
refugee
matinee
employee
pedigree
fricassee
guarantee
mortgagee
chimpanzee
baptism
witticism
fanaticism
hypnotism
rheumatism
fraught
symptom
foreclosure
marchioness
pianoforte
He guarantees seats for the matinee at the theatre. The chimpanzee's
appearance is uncouth. A forlorn refugee evinces symptoms of chronic
rheumatism. Judgment and witticism are often at strife. Cæsar issued
a decree to his subjects to be enrolled. The chicken fricassee was
insipid. Several instances of lunacy have developed from fanaticism.
Four weeks' notice of foreclosure was issued by the mortgagee. I
enquire into no man's pedigree. Hypnotism is fraught with danger. The
marchioness is bountiful towards her employees.
24 (REVIEW)
hygiene
plebeian
furlough
symptom
guillotine
beauteous
guarantee
assassin
witticism
tragedian
dexterous
marvellous
rheumatism
equestrienne
auricle
palisade
Jehovah
opossum
abstinence
vindictive
hallelujah
philopena
variegated
diaphragm
somersault
œsophagus
appropriate
sarsaparilla
The attorney interceded to save the tragedian's assassin from the
guillotine. The observance of hygiene alleviated all symptoms of
hysterics or rheumatism. The prophets of old were persecuted. A
sergeant prosecuted his search for recruits for his regiment. The
athlete observes a strict abstinence as to fricassees and spirituous
liquors. The beauteous and dexterous equestrienne is marvellously
fastidious. I have studied about the auricles of the heart, the
œsophagus, and the diaphragm. "The oracles are dumb." Though of
plebeian origin his witticisms guaranteed him a place at court.
25
friction
abolition
cessation
discretion
laceration
repetition
extinction
exhaustion
conciliation
exaggeration
typhus
fungus
octopus
humerus
hippopotamus
bunion
species
ultimate
epidermis
chilblain
Oiling a machine lessens friction. Moulds are a species of fungus
growth. "Discretion is the better part of valor." Repetition
induces a habit. Exaggeration is frequently due to a too lively
imagination. I dislocated my humerus; there was also a laceration of
the epidermis. The abolition of slavery led to the American Civil
War. The ultimate extinction of the hippopotamus is probable. Typhus
fever is accompanied by great exhaustion. The Board of Conciliation
effected a cessation of hostilities. The octopus has attained
notoriety from tales of its ferocity. Bunions and chilblains are
annoying.
26
calibre
accoutre
mediocre
fracture
stricture
massacre
saltpetre
sepulchre
manœuvre
reconnoitre
inscription
specification
stupefaction
annunciation
conflagration
curfew
suture
ligament
decipher
carbine
Saltpetre is used in curing bacon. Scouts were detailed to
reconnoitre. Is the inscription on the pendant decipherable? Every
manœuvre of the battalion was exact. There were frequent massacres of
the pioneers by the Indians. A stricture of the intestines made an
operation necessary. Christ's sepulchre was rock-hewn. The militia
are accoutred with carbines of small calibre. The sexton gave a
minute description of the conflagration. Orchids grew in the fissures
of the cliff. The niche is occupied by a handsome statue. He sells
dentists' forceps. Stupefaction was due to his inhaling gas. The
apostles made annunciation of the gospel. "The curfew tolls the knell
of parting day." The sutures of the skull are not tied by ligaments.
27
allusion
incision
precision
ascension
dissension
pretension
oppression
suppression
intercession
condescension
indigo
portico
sirocco
stiletto
armadillo
Messiah
Israelite
wielding
subjugate
quadruped
In surgery precision is essential in making incisions. The
oppression of Christians began after Christ's ascension. The author
has pretensions to elegance of diction. Suppression of feeling
strengthens character. The portico is of Roman style. The Queen's
intercession secured a reprieve. The sirocco poisons the atmosphere.
Condescension is a noble quality. Indigo is a permanent dye. The
assassin was proficient in wielding a stiletto. Our geography has an
allusion to the armadillo. There were lively dissensions among the
Israelites regarding the expected Messiah.
28
minuet
minaret
parapet
clarionet
flageolet
gazette
coquette
etiquette
quartette
mignonette
plateau
tableau
chateau
trousseau
portmanteau
capsule
quinine
discern
specialty
parachute
Her trousseau was conveyed in a portmanteau. A recent issue of the
gazette describes the count's chateau. The coquette is an adept
in dancing the minuet. The graceful minaret was readily discerned
from the height of the plateau. A series of tableaux was a complete
hoax. The best instruments in the quartette were the clarionet and
the flageolet. Does etiquette permit ladies to promenade on the
parapet? The florist makes a specialty of mignonette. Take quinine
in capsules. I descended in a parachute, swinging on a trapeze. The
accounts of the diocese show a deficit. His post at the union depot
is a sinecure. Buy sachet powder.
29
alleviate
castigate
eliminate
exhilarate
capitulate
fluctuate
accumulate
concentrate
approximate
contaminate
quiz
baize
azure
cozen
chintz
osier
crosier
malign
benign
arraign
vizier
epicure
macaroni
benevolence
Archbishop
He could neither malign nor cozen the judge. His benign countenance
indicates benevolence. Ski-ing is exhilarating. A deacon bore the
Archbishop's crosier. Censure arraigns both private motives and
public actions. The sky was vested in azure. The price of baize
and chintz fluctuates. The vizier concentrated his troops, and the
besieged garrison capitulated. The ringleaders were castigated,
but the sufferings of the troops were alleviated. Accumulate
knowledge rather than wealth. The epicure disdains macaroni. Give an
approximate estimate of the cost. Simplicity should not be imposed
upon, nor virtue contaminated.
30 (REVIEW)
plateau
coquette
mediocre
repetition
exhilarate
exaggerate
trousseau
massacre
mignonette
manœuvre
quadruped
stupefaction
conflagration
hippopotamus
cotyledon
forfeiture
patrimony
aggravate
vocabulary
orthography
presumptuous
biassed
reynard
equinox
colleague
miniature
enrolment
instalment
The manœuvres of the army corps were to prevent a repetition of
the massacres. The hippopotamus is a species of quadruped not yet
annihilated. Explain the uses of the calyx, the cotyledon, and the
tendril. Acquire an extensive vocabulary and correct orthography.
My adherence to the king resulted in forfeiture of my patrimony.
Very exhilarating is the climb to plateaux perfumed by mignonette.
His presumptuous adherents aggravated the quarrel. The loss of her
trousseau in the conflagration stupefied the coquette. He exaggerates
his mediocre abilities.
31
abattoir
reservoir
delirium
laudanum
pendulum
cerebrum
linoleum
petroleum
mausoleum
meerschaum
repellent
recipient
delinquent
fraudulent
antecedent
calumny
sapphire
amethyst
attribute
superintendent
Linoleum and petroleum are got wholesale at an emporium. The pendulum
is of nickel. Distinguish between the cerebrum and the cerebellum. A
public abattoir replaced the slaughter houses. The patient's delirium
is attributed to doses of laudanum. The superintendent was the
recipient of a meerschaum pipe. The delinquent auctioneer was accused
of fraudulent dealings. The mausoleum is adjacent to the reservoir.
His query was to elicit the antecedent of the relative pronoun.
Calumny was utterly repellent to him. The amethyst and sapphire are
precious stones.
32
tenacious
atrocious
malicious
efficacious
avaricious
capricious
loquacious
precocious
pernicious
pugnacious
decalogue
pedagogue
demagogue
synagogue
avoirdupois
homicide
fascinate
literature
etymology
commodity
The decalogue is kept in every synagogue. The precocious child was
very capricious. He prescribed an efficacious elixir. The pedagogue
taught syntax and etymology. The poet is avaricious of fame. The
larceny of the diaper towelling and dimity was a malicious act.
The demagogue incited a political intrigue. Cats are tenacious of
life. Is the chamois pugnacious? Pernicious literature should be
suppressed. Though handsome, she is too loquacious to fascinate her
auditors. The cumbrous avoirdupois system is still used for weighing
coarser commodities. He wreaked dire vengeance for the atrocious
homicide. At the approaching session of Parliament the cession of
territory will be broached. I throttled the dastard who vilified you,
my liege.
33
nutritious
licentious
pretentious
contentious
superstitious
seditious
facetious
propitious
ostentatious
conscientious
cuticle
canticle
chronicle
corpuscle
tabernacle
aerie
specie
sortie
reverie
menagerie
Rice is highly nutritious. Licentious and superstitious, the Roman
Empire fell. Though facetious in speech he is not ostentatious in
manner. A pretentious subaltern solicited leave to head a sortie.
The weather was not propitious for a nocturnal expedition. Listening
to the canticles in the synagogue, I fell into a reverie. The
ancient chronicles relate many trivial episodes. While contentious
in harangue he is not seditious in act. The conscientious physician
prescribed for my carbuncle. Exercise develops muscle. The cuticle
envelops the body. He robbed the eagle's aerie. The Puritans
proscribed theatres. At the menagerie, wages are paid in gold specie.
The blood corpuscles readily coagulate.
34
nuptial
deferential
reverential
providential
consequential
decisive
deceptive
seductive
initiative
diminutive
recipe
epitome
anemone
extempore
catastrophe
anchovy
bologna
scimitar
souvenir
gratitude
The sentinel's warning averted a catastrophe. An influential friend
of ours contemplates building a substantial residence. Consequential
people often aim to take the initiative. He wrote an epitome
of the extempore speech. A diminutive hussar dealt a decisive
stroke with his scimitar. The seductive path bordered by anemones
proved deceptive. On receiving a souvenir of the nuptial ceremony
he expressed his gratitude. Omit the recipe for anchovy sauce.
Lightning struck a boat that was lightening its load. Bologna sausage
satiated his appetite. The escapades of the dissolute servitor were
scandalous. Dahlias, fuchsias, and zinnias.
35
regatta
guerilla
insignia
dilemma
cyclopædia
influenza
neuralgia
scarlatina
dyspepsia
pneumonia
conducive
suggestive
consecutive
competitive
appreciative
copse
spigot
faucet
geyser
trophy
vassal
cañon
tactics
gauger
vivacity
Our lacrosse team won the trophy in two consecutive years. Is
scarlatina infectious? Is he appreciative of the stimulus afforded
by competitive examinations? Influenza and pneumonia are very
prevalent. The insignia of office were conferred after the regatta.
Every library requires a cyclopædia. Dyspepsia and neuralgia are
not conducive to vivacity. The gauger was in a sad dilemma when
the faucet and spigot were lost. The skirmish is suggestive of
guerilla tactics. The closing of a business letter may be, "Yours
respectfully." Knight or vassal, let each respectively do his duty.
Near the cañon is a geyser, beside a hazel copse.
36 (REVIEW)
recipe
guerilla
intrigue
decisive
souvenir
scimitar
facetious
defrayal
reservoir
apoplexy
dyspepsia
diminutive
efficacious
abbreviate
migratory
erysipelas
pneumonia
meerschaum
anniversary
superintendent
chrysanthemum
rescind
nautical
deficiency
pulmonary
quarantine
coincidence
pre-eminent
Malicious or facetious remarks were utterly abhorrent to the
superintendent. The suicide's remains were borne on a bier to the
morgue and embalmed. The capricious coquette contemned her suitor's
offer. A guerilla war ensued from a seditious intrigue of avaricious
vassals. That scimitar is a souvenir of a disastrous exploit
therein. He condemned the recipe as not efficacious for erysipelas
or pneumonia. An epitome of some chronicles about our antecedents
is given in an encyclopædia. I prefer dahlias or fuchsias to
chrysanthemums. A diminutive meerschaum pipe.
37
pharmacy
blaspheme
diphtheria
asphyxiate
hydrophobia
autograph
biography
calligraphy
amphibious
phenomenon
clique
physique
grotesque
burlesque
picturesque
panacea
avalanche
lineaments
conspirator
frontispiece
The major's autograph on the frontispiece of his biography was in
strange calligraphy. The beaver is amphibious. At the pharmacy I
got a panacea for diphtheria, hydrophobia, and other diseases. The
lackey's grotesque physique is humorously portrayed in a burlesque
play. All admonitions forbade blasphemy. The miners were asphyxiated
by inhaling coal gas. An eclipse of the sun is a striking phenomenon.
The avalanche was a picturesque sight. The clique of conspirators
failed ignominiously. The sculptor has well represented his clear-cut
lineaments.
38
eccentric
authentic
pneumatic
spasmodic
diplomatic
antiseptic
lymphatic
calisthenic
pyrotechnic
hieroglyphic
privilege
sacrilege
symptom
thraldom
martyrdom
lucrative
diarrhœa
velocipede
monotonous
predecessor
Authentic reports state that the ambassador, though eccentric, is yet
diplomatic. Thraldom or martyrdom was once the penalty for professing
Christianity. Pneumatic tires were not used on velocipedes. On
Dominion Day the pyrotechnic display was superb. Calisthenic
exercises, if not spasmodic, may eradicate certain ailments. The
recent statutes give privileges to aliens. In rifling the church they
were guilty of sacrilege. He obtained an authentic report on the
use of arsenic in cosmetics for the complexion. Carbolic acid is an
antiseptic. Describe the lymphatic gland. Hieroglyphics antedated the
alphabet. My predecessor obtained a lucrative but monotonous post. An
epidemic of diarrhœa raged with virulence in the army.
39
deodorize
neutralize
monopolize
crystallize
tranquillize
delineation
realization
anticipation
specification
resuscitation
heredity
longevity
ingenuity
solemnity
eccentricity
eulogy
prestige
coercion
procedure
reparation
Electricity deodorizes sewage. The patriarchs were remarkable for
longevity. He displayed ingenuity in his stage delineations of
the beau's eccentricities. During the requiem service and funeral
obsequies the solemnity of the scene was impressive. The aborigines
of Australia rank low in the scale of humanity. What people are
our antipodes? The mal-contents were finally tranquillized. Acids
and alkalies neutralize one another. Anticipation is often more
pleasurable than realization. Learn how to resuscitate one apparently
drowned. Specifications for the water conduits were drawn up with
exactitude. Sugar crystallizes readily.
40
lacteal
funereal
ethereal
corporeal
cochineal
effervesce
acquiesce
excrescent
convalescent
incandescent
larynx
pharynx
baritone
labyrinth
strychnine
vitriol
seidlitz
antidote
mammal
oleander
Seidlitz powders effervesce. He lopped excrescent growths from his
oleanders. Millions of incandescent lights made the scene almost
ethereal. Funereal rites await all that is corporeal in man. All
mammals are nourished by lacteal fluid. From the cochineal insect a
beautiful dye is obtained. Both the larynx and pharynx are concerned
in sound production. A baritone voice is intermediate between bass
and tenor. Strychnine may be a nerve tonic. The intricate passages
of the ear are called the labyrinth. Soft music is quiescent. During
convalescence he was prohibited from severe exertion. I enquired for
an antidote for vitriol.
REVIEW OF THE DIFFICULT WORDS.
abbreviate
abhorrence
aborigines
abridgment
accelerate
accomplice
accoutre
acquiesce
adjutant
aggressor
alimentary
allegiance
amateur
amphibious
anemone
anonymous
anthracite
apostasy
approximate
armistice
artificer
assassin
assimilate
audacity
auricle
authentic
avalanche
avaricious
asphyxiate
avoirdupois
banqueted
baritone
beauteous
benefactor
benefiting
bulletin
bumptious
buoyant
burlesque
calcimine
calligraphy
capricious
catastrophe
celibacy
chancellor
chilblain
chronicle
cochineal
coincidence
competitive
complainant
complexion
conciliatory
condescension
confidants
conscientious
contemptuous
contiguous
colleague
corporeal
corpuscle
corroborate
cotillion
cotyledon
courtesy
crocheting
crucifixion
crystallize
debauchery
debilitate
decisive
deficiency
delineation
delirium
dentifrice
dexterous
diaphragm
diarrhœa
dilapidate
diphtheria
diminutive
discrepancy
dysentery
eccentricity
ecstasy
effervesce
elasticity
eliminate
emaciate
embezzle
emphasis
employee
epilepsy
episcopacy
equestrian
equinoctial
etiquette
exaggerate
exhaustion
exhilarate
existence
expedite
exquisite
exorbitant
extempore
facetious
facilitate
fastidious
fraudulent
fricassee
funereal
garrulous
gesticulate
gorgeous
grandeur
gratuitous
grievance
grotesque
guarantee
guillotine
harangue
hemorrhage
hippopotamus
homicide
hydrophobia
hypocrisy
hysterics
ignominious
incandescent
incendiary
incision
indefatigable
influenza
ingenious
initiative
instalment
interference
intersperse
interstice
irresistible
irrevocable
jonquil
kerosene
labyrinth
licentious
lineaments
loathsome
loquacious
ludicrous
malevolent
malicious
manœuvre
maritime
martyrdom
marvellous
massacre
mausoleum
mediocre
meerschaum
menagerie
mercenary
meridian
microscope
mignonette
miscellaneous
mistletoe
monotonous
mortgagee
munificent
mutinied
mysterious
nautical
neuralgia
nuisance
nutritious
obeisance
obsequies
obstinacy
occurrence
œsophagus
omnivorous
ostensible
pageant
palmistry
panacea
parachute
paralysis
parishioner
pavilion
pedagogue
penitentiary
pernicious
perquisite
pharmacy
phenomenon
philopena
physique
pictorial
picturesque
plebeian
plebiscite
pneumatic
pneumonia
precedence
precision
precocious
pre-eminent
prejudicial
preliminary
presumptuous
privilege
procedure
proficient
propitious
puncheon
pursuance
quartette
raillery
recipient
remediable
repetition
requiem
requisite
resuscitate
reverential
rheumatism
rhinoceros
sacrilege
sagacity
sanguinary
sarsaparilla
sauer-kraut
scarlatina
sceptical
scrimmage
scurrilous
seditious
semaphore
seniority
sepulchre
simultaneous
sinecure
somersault
souvenir
specification
spirituous
steadfast
stratagem
strychnine
stupefying
sumptuous
superintendent
surcingle
susceptible
symptom
syndicate
synopsis
tabernacle
tarlatan
technical
teetotaler
tempestuous
tenacious
theatrical
tragedian
tranquillity
trousseau
tyrannical
unanimous
upheaval
variegated
velocity
verbosity
vermilion
vindictive
witticism
allege
aqueduct
aquiline
arraign
assuage
bailiff
balance
biassed
bigoted
bologna
bunion
calibre
carbine
chamois
chasm
clique
concise
copse
conduit
corps
corpse
courier
critic
croquet
crotchet
curtsy
dahlia
decency
decipher
deficit
depot
despatch
diocese
discern
eclipse
efficacy
elicit
enmity
ensign
facile
faucet
fissure
fraught
frenzy
fuchsia
furlough
guerilla
hygiene
illicit
jugular
lunacy
malign
meteor
missive
mucous
navvy
nicotine
optical
palisade
plateau
premier
pyjamas
recipe
redoubt
requite
rescind
reverie
reynard
rites
routine
salver
seidlitz
series
solace
species
succumb
suite
sumac
trait
trapeze
trivial
typhus
utensil
vitriol
weird
RULES FOR SYLLABICATION.
A syllable is a sound uttered with one impulse of the breath. The
group of letters representing such a sound should never be separated
in dividing words; _e.g._, re-bel´ (verb), reb´-el (noun), pres´-ent
(noun), pre-sent´-ed. To divide a word into syllables, pronounce it
slowly and correctly, and note the natural division into sounds. In
writing, it is preferable to put the whole word _on one line_. When
this cannot well be done, that part of the word left at the end of
one line should suggest the part beginning the next line; _e.g._,
_happiness_ should be divided--_happi-ness_, not _hap-piness_.
RULES FOR SPELLING.
1. At the end of monosyllables with a short vowel sound, the letters
_f_, _l_, or _s_ are usually double; _e.g._, muff, ball, pass.
2. Words ending in silent _e_ usually drop it on adding any suffix
beginning with a vowel; _e.g._, come, coming; bride, bridal; love,
lovable.
EXCEPTIONS:--(i) Words ending in _ce_ or _ge_ retain the _e_ before
the suffixes _able_ and _ous_, in order to keep the soft sound of _c_
or _g_; _e.g._, traceable, outrageous.
(ii) Words ending in _ee_, _oe_, or _ye_ retain the final _e_ when
_ing_ is added; _e.g._, freeing, shoeing, eyeing.
3. Monosyllables and words accented on the last syllable, if they end
in a single consonant with a single vowel before it, usually double
the final consonant before a vowel-suffix, _e.g._, clap, clapper;
clan, clannish; nod, nodded; prefer, preferring.
EXCEPTION:--When the derivative has the place of the accent changed,
the final consonant is not doubled; _e.g._, prefer´, pref´erence.
Note also, _gases_, _gaseous_, _transferable_, _woolly_.
4. Words ending in a single _l_ double it before a vowel-suffix;
_e.g._, chisel, chiselled; revel, reveller; cancel, cancelling. But,
_paralleled_.
5. Words ending in _y_ preceded by a consonant usually change the _y_
into _i_ when a suffix not beginning with _i_ is added; _e.g._, cry,
cries, crying.
EXCEPTIONS:--Dryly, dryness; shyly, shyness; slyly, slyness.
Note also daily, gaily, gaiety, laid, paid, said, saith, slain, staid.
6. _ei_ or _ie_. When sounded like long _e_, _i_ comes before _e_
except after _c_; _e.g._, piece, deceit. But, _either_, _neither_,
_plebeian_, _seize_, _leisure_, _weird_.
When not sounded like long _e_, the order of the letters is always
_ei_; _e.g._, skein, height.
PUBLIC SCHOOL LEAVING.
1
actuary
warranty
accruing
aggrieve
indelible
collectible
codicil
clerical
implicit
coercion
obsolete
obduracy
cavilling
repellent
recurrent
deterrent
sullenness
stubbornness
statutory
executrix
appraisal
legitimate
rescinded
rescission
2
coupon
waiver
vellum
engross
erasure
issuing
voucher
lessor
lessee
felony
nullify
consols
vendor
annuity
pleas
marine
tontine
zephyr
vestige
salvage
assigns
vacillate
oscillate
irrigated
deprecate
desiccate
mitigated
litigation
3
elegy
poesy
lyrical
couplet
synonym
homonym
ellipsis
metaphor
paradigm
italicize
rhetorical
allegorical
ordnance
ordinance
colloquy
soliloquy
antithesis
hyperbole
dunning
endorsed
collateral
purloined
remittance
acceptance
4
rabies
subtler
sentient
consular
succinct
incipient
æsthetic
emanate
permeate
relegated
licentiate
depreciate
excruciate
disseminate
narrator
instigate
promissor
guarantor
assignor
consignee
mortgagor
plagiarist
chirography
phonography
facsimile
petit jury
puisne judge
knight-errant
5
oriel
tenon
newel
mortise
dovetail
boudoir
mullion
stanchion
buttress
abutment
colonnade
escutcheon
flotilla
binnacle
halyards
forecastle
pyramidal
maelstrom
arsenal
reveille
patrolled
gymnastics
silhouette
supercilious
6
missal
schism
Genesis
heretics
perusing
proselyte
itinerary
auspices
nonpareil
lacquered
ensconced
accountant
personnel
sustenance
judiciary
beneficiary
depositary
depository
rendezvous
proprietary
commissary
symmetrical
connoisseur
malfeasance
discoloration
maintenance
complaisance
presentiment
7
chiffon
ruching
chenille
organdie
chambray
tarpaulin
silesia
mohair
taffeta
bandanna
buckram
valenciennes
beryl
carat
emery
pyrites
sardonyx
turquoise
inertia
fusible
residue
volatile
calcium
magnesia
8
oxygen
hydrogen
sulphate
chloride
molecule
radially
ambrosial
febrile
lesion
cohesion
sensory
specific
bronchial
lachrymal
polygon
rhomboid
trapezium
reciprocal
precipitate
centripetal
centrifugal
scalene
isosceles
equitable
acoustics
dynamics
corollary
equilateral
9
anise
hyssop
jasmine
spiræa
syringa
caraway
hydrangea
eczema
biceps
molars
calibers
bicuspid
debauchee
victuallers
chyme
cognac
trachea
cranium
papilla
chrysalis
hellebore
anæmia
phthisic
phthisis
varicose
paroxysm
allopathic
homœopathy
10
cocaine
calomel
lobelia
copperas
paregoric
collodion
anodyne
osseous
diagnose
mortuary
lymphatic
panegyric
morphine
quassia
sassafras
condiments
eucalyptus
apocalypse
eustachian
belladonna
ipecacuanha
laryngitis
peritonitis
appendicitis
11
abettor
coadjutor
precursor
laboratory
prohibitory
admonitory
alluvial
connubial
centennial
cylindrical
rhetorical
rhythmical
collusion
demurred
agrarian
patrician
herculean
sepulchral
conscientious
predilection
reminiscence
commissariat
homogeneous
embarrassment
12
moiety
nucleus
mussels
mollusc
cuisine
pristine
libertine
sedative
sediment
abeyance
prevalence
dependence
ascendency
excrescence
throes
pallor
orgies
exorcise
colossal
analogous
anomalous
metaphysics
psychology
aide-de-camp
physiognomy
paraphernalia
plenipotentiary
pharmaceutical
13
psaltery
psalmody
hierarchy
espionage
plenteous
mnemonics
irascible
porphyry
equipoise
fortuitous
reversible
transferable
auricular
auriferous
succulent
ameliorate
deshabille
dishevelled
cinerary
prescience
saccharine
boulevard
troubadour
tournament
14
astute
abstruse
falchion
alchemy
tubercles
algebraical
anatomical
aspirate
archives
authentic
halcyon
harlequin
clairvoyant
connivance
bourn
breviary
brougham
bellicose
captious
capillary
seriatim
centipede
composite
charlatan
iniquitous
ubiquitous
incorrigible
irrepressible
15
corsair
contour
deify
expiate
embryo
emissary
deducible
fallibility
credibility
debilitate
defamatory
equanimity
hydraulic
guttural
critique
technique
hypotenuse
hypothesis
expatiate
ingratiate
illusory
internecine
iridescent
putrescence
16
kraal
khedive
jeopardize
laconically
lithograph
litigious
pharisaical
memoirs
maniacal
medallion
parricide
fratricide
ostracized
percussion
vertebræ
minutiæ
oligarchy
miscellany
adolescent
omniscient
necropolis
indigenous
ingenuous
methylated
immaculate
Mussulmans
querulous
quintessence
17
hybrid
pillory
placable
precincts
papyrus
repertory
spherical
sedulous
spermaceti
prodigious
promiscuous
perspicacity
Teutonic
quixotic
symphony
sycophant
superficies
surveillance
phrenologist
phraseology
polytechnic
punctilious
pseudonym
surreptitious
18
viscid
zodiac
satiety
zoology
vacuum
vagaries
camellia
facade
pedagogy
vibratory
vicarious
usurious
vouchsafe
vociferate
nefarious
voluptuous
vicissitude
vernacular
consummate
ventriloquist
deliquescent
extricate
defalcate
exchequer
perforated
cognizant
apparition
incarcerate
19
aviary
callous
guerdon
piquant
brusque
flippancy
aeronaut
plausible
aeroplane
regrettable
similarity
contrariwise
cuirass
caitiff
caisson
cogitating
tessellated
pomegranate
propagate
immaterial
acclamation
subsidiary
unparalleled
cartilaginous
20
onerous
libellous
rancorous
derelict
tamarack
deciduous
calamitous
minx
sphinx
chloral
murrain
vignette
casually
casualty
orifice
bacillus
tattooed
tasselled
proboscis
patrician
dissimilar
gherkin
stoicism
bagatelle
whirligig
beleaguer
stomachic
decoction
SMALL DIFFICULT WORDS--_Use these words in sentences_.
abyss
acacia
acme
aerial
alias
alpaca
annals
axiom
azure
benign
broncho
cache
cairn
calyx
caulk
chaise
chaos
chary
chronic
cinque
clique
corse
cote
crucial
cymbal
cynic
dais
débris
disc
doily
ecstasy
elite
elixir
ellipse
epoch
facade
facile
falcon
fiasco
flaccid
foci
futile
ghoul
gist
gluey
gneiss
groat
guano
gyves
heresy
holm
idyl
igneous
irate
ivied
jargon
lichen
liege
lien
lithe
llama
lode
lymph
lyre
Maori
melee
mirage
morgue
myrrh
naive
newel
nymph
ogre
onyx
orchid
oust
pageant
placid
plaguy
plaice
poise
pygmy
python
qualm
radii
realm
regime
rhythm
schism
scion
scroll
sedge
seethe
sere
sheik
shoal
Sioux
sloyd
sluice
soiree
sphinx
steppe
suave
swarthy
sylph
sylvan
synod
theme
theory
thews
thrall
tierce
trawl
treatise
trite
tryst
tutor
umbel
venial
vial
vicar
viceroy
virile
viscera
viscid
visual
vital
vitiate
vizier
vogue
vying
waive
weevil
weird
whiz
whorl
wiliness
wince
winch
winze
withal
wraith
wreak
wroth
wry
THE BUILDING OF ENGLISH WORDS.
The _root_ of a word is the shortest form in which it appears. Thus
_tal_, meaning number, speech, is the root of _tale_, a number
counted; _tale_, a story; _tell_, narrate; _toll_, something counted
out; _talk_, discourse.
The root of a word may undergo modification and become a _stem_. Thus
_love_ is the stem of the root _lov-_, and to this stem are added
such _inflections_ as _-est_, _-s_, _-d_, as loves, lovest, loved.
Again, to the root of a word may be added a _prefix_ or _suffix_,
thereby forming a new word called a _derivative_.
If to the root _dar-_, dear, the prefix _en-_ be added, we get
endear, and the same root with the suffix _-ling_ gives darling. As a
rule, English prefixes and suffixes are added only to English roots.
But there are many exceptions.
Word-making is often effected by _compounding_. A _compound_ word is
one made by uniting two words together, as _sea-lion_.
=Compound Nouns= are formed in various ways:--(_a_) by uniting a
noun with a noun: bridal = bride ale, daisy = day's eye, Gospel
= God's spell or story; (_b_) noun with adjective: redbird,
midnight, quicksilver, twilight = two lights; (_c_) noun with
verb: bakehouse, godsend, grindstone, spendthrift; (_d_) noun with
adverb: bystander, offshoot, uplift; (_e_) noun with preposition:
afterthought, byword, onset; (_f_) verb with adverb: drawback,
farewell, income, welcome.
=Compound Adjectives= are numerous:--(_a_) Noun with adjective:
barefoot, lily-white, purse-proud, sea-green, sky-blue; (_b_) noun
with participle: heart-rending, sea-faring, sea-girt, way-laid,
worm-eaten; (_c_) adverb with participle: bygone, everlasting,
far-reaching, high-strung, ill-pleased, well-bred; (_d_) noun with
noun: iron-side, lion-heart; (_e_) nouns with nouns, adjectives,
and adverbs, + _ed_: club-footed, gray-headed, tender-hearted,
under-handed.
=Compound Verbs= are few:--(_a_) Verb with noun: backbite,
browbeat, henpeck, hoodwink, kiln-dry; (_b_) verb with adjectives:
dumbfound, fulfil, whitewash; (_c_) verb with adverb: don = do on,
doff = do off, outdo.
=Compound Adverbs= are made by uniting (_a_) noun with noun:
endways, sideways; (_b_) noun with adjective: always, breast-high,
meanwhile, sometimes; (_c_) preposition with noun: outside,
overboard; (_d_) adverb with preposition: hereafter, therein,
whereupon.
PREFIXES.
A favourite way of building words is by the use of prefixes.
Generally speaking, these are of English, French, Greek or Latin
origin--it being understood in this connection that French is but a
modified form of Latin.
ENGLISH PREFIXES.
=Inseparable prefixes= have no meaning in themselves and cannot stand
alone. The most important are:--
=A-=, _on_: away, alive; _at_: ahead: _of_: akin.
=And-=, _against_ (Greek anti-): answer (sweri-an, to declare).
=Be-=, old form of _by_: betimes, bypath; in verbs: bedaub (daub all
over), bewail (wail for), benumb (make numb).
=For-=, intensifies the meaning, (thoroughly): forbear, forlorn,
forswear, forbid (command against), forego.
=Fore-=, _first_, _before_: foresight, forejudge.
=Mis-=, _wrong_, _wrongly_: misdeed, miscall, mislead.
=Un-=, _not_: unholy, unafraid. In verbs, it indicates the reverse of
the simple verb: unbind, unfold, unmask.
=With-=, _against_, (_from_): withstand, withers (of a horse),
withhold.
=Separable Prefixes.=
=After=, _after_: aftergrowth, aftermath (= after the mowing),
afterthought.
=All= (old Eng. _al_), _all_: almost, alone.
=Forth=, _forth_: forthcoming.
=In= (French en), _in_: inborn, illusion, import, irruption; encase,
enclose; entwine, embody, employ; enable = _to make_ able, embitter.
=Off= or =of=, _off_, _from_: offal = what falls off, offspring.
=On=, _against_, _towards_: onset, onslaught, onward.
=Out= has a sense of direction or surpassing, (_beyond_): outcast,
outpost, outrun, outshine; utter, utmost (_i.e._, outer, outmost).
=Over=, _over_, _above_: overhead, overcoat, overturn, overspread,
over-bold.
=Through= = thorough: throughout, thoroughfare, thoroughbred,
through-ticket.
=Twi=, _two_, _double_: twice, twilight = double or doubtful light,
twill, twin = double, twine, twist = two strands twisted.
=Under=, _below_, _lower_: underhand, underlie, underneath, undertone.
=Up=, _up_: upland, upshot, upbraid, uphold, uprise, upward.
LATIN (AND FRENCH) PREFIXES.
=A-=, =ab-=, (=ab-s-=), _away from_: avert, absent, ab-s-tract; Fr.,
avaunt.
=Ad-=, (Fr. =a-=) (-d is often changed because of the influence of
the following consonant), _to_: adapt, abbreviate, accord, affect,
aggression, allude, annul, arrogate, attain; Fr., achieve, acquaint,
amount.
=Amb-= or =am-=, _around_, _round about_, (_both_): ambition (lit.
_going about_, canvassing), ambiguous, ambidextrous, amputate (to cut
around).
=Ante-=, _before_: antedate, ante-room, anticipate; Fr., _an-_ in
ancestor = antecessor.
=Bis-= and =bi-=, _twice_, _two_: bias (= two-faced), biped, bisect,
biscuit (= twice baked).
=Circum-=, _around_: circumference, circuit, circulate, circumvent.
=Cum-=, _with_, takes the forms com-, con-, col-, co-, cor-, under
the influence of the letter following: compound, concord, collect,
coöperate, correct, counsel.
=Contra-=, _against_: contradict; Fr., controvert, counterfeit.
=De-=, _down_, _from_: decline, deduct, decamp. It is negative in
derange, deform, destroy; intensive in declare, deprave, despoil,
desolate, desiccate.
=Dis-=, =di-=, _asunder_, _separation_: disarm, diffuse, disown,
divorce; Fr., _des-_, _de-_ in defer, defy, delay, descant.
=Ex-=, =e-=, _out_, _out of_, _proceeding from_: exclude, exhale,
ex-governor, extract, educe, elect, emanate, evade.
=Extra-=, _beyond_: extraneous, extraordinary, extravagant.
=In-=, _in_, _into_, _on_: infer, invade, invent. It also becomes
il-, im-, ir-, before certain consonants, as illusion, improve,
irrigate.
=In-=, _not_: incapable, illiberal, impious, irrelevant, ignoble.
=Inter-=, =intro-=, _among_, _between_, _within_: interfere,
intervene, introspection.
=Male-=, _bad_, _ill_, _wrong_: malcontent, malpractice, maltreat.
=Mis-=, _ill_, _wrong_: misadventure, misalliance; Fr., mischief.
=Non-=, _not_: nonage, nonentity, nonsense.
=Ob-=, _toward_, _facing_, _against_: object, obstruct. It also
becomes oc-, of-, op-: occur, offer, oppose.
=Pene-=, _almost_: peninsula, penult.
=Per-=, _through_, often intensive, _throughout_, _thoroughly_--and
so _wrongly_: perspire, pervade; persist, perturb, pervert; pellucid,
pilgrim (see _ager_). Fr. _par-_: pardon.
=Post-=, _after_: postdate, posthumous, post-mortem, postscript.
=Pre-=, _before_: precede, precursor, preëmpt, premature, premise,
prevent.
=Preter-=, _beyond_, _more than_: preterite (of past time),
preternatural.
=Pro-=, _before_, _for_, _forward_: proceed, proconsul, prologue,
pronoun, provide; _por_-tend. Fr., _pur_: purchase, pursue.
=Re-=, =red-=, _back_, _again_: rebel, recede, recover, redeem.
=Retro-=, _backwards_: retroactive, retrograde, retrospect.
=Se-=, =sed-=, _apart_: seclude, secrete, sed-i-tion (a going apart),
segregate.
=Sub-=, _under_, _from under_: subject, subtract. It also becomes
suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, as in succor, suffer,
suggest, supplant, suspend; subdivision (_i.e._, lower), summon (sub
= slightly), surreptitious.
=Super-=, _above_, _beyond_: superfine, supernatural, superposed;
Fr., _sur-_, surname, surpass, surtout (= over all).
=Trans-=, _across_: transcend, transient; tradition, traverse; Fr.,
_tres-_, trespass.
=Ultra-=, _beyond_: ultramarine, ultra-radical, ultra-tropical.
=Vice-=, _in place of_: vice-consul, vice-president, viceroy; vicar.
GREEK PREFIXES.
=A-=, =an-= (before vowels), _not_: a-nom-alous = ir-regular,
an-archy, an-onym-ous, apathy, atheist; a-morph-ous = formless,
an-aemia = bloodlessness, an-odyne = something that relieves pain.
=Amphi-=, _on both sides_, _double_: amphibious, amphitheatre.
=Ana-=, _up_, _back_, _anew_: anatomy, analysis, anagram, analogy,
anathema.
=Anti-=, _against_: antarctic, antidote, antipathy, antipodes,
Antichrist, anticlimax.
=Apo-=, _from_, _away from_, _off_: apology, apostle, apostrophe,
aphelion, apogee (gē = earth), apostasy.
=Arch-=, _chief_: archangel, archbishop, archfiend, archi-tect.
=Auto-=, _self_: autocrat, autograph, automobile, autonomy,
automatic, aut-opsy.
=Cata-=, _down_, (_thoroughly_): cataract, catastrophe, catechise,
catalogue, (a complete numbering).
=Dia-=, _through_, (_between_): diagonal, diagram, dialogue,
diapason, diaphragm.
=Dis-=, =di-=, _twice_, _doubly_: dissyllable, di-phthong, dilemma.
=Dys-=, _ill_, _bad_: dysentery, dyspepsia.
=Ec-=, =ex-=, _out_, _out of_: ec-centric, ec-lipse, ec-stasy,
exegesis, exodus, exorcise.
=En-=, _in_: energy, emblem, emphasis, empiric, encomium, encyclic,
endo-gen.
=Epi-=, _upon_, _to_: epidemic, epigram, epistle, epitaph,
ep-hemeral, ep-och.
=Eu-=, _well_: eucharist, eulogy, euphemism, euphony, ev-angel = good
news.
=Exo-=, _outside_, _without_: exo-gen, exoteric, exotic.
=Hemi-=, _half_: hemicycle, hemisphere, hemi-stich.
=Hyper-=, _over_, _beyond measure_: hyperbole, hypercritical,
hypertrophy.
=Hypo-=, _under_: hypocrite, hypodermic, hypothesis, hyp-hen (= one).
=Meta-=, _after_, _between_, (_changed for_): metaphor, metathesis,
metamorphosis, metonymy, met-hod = after a way (hodos).
=Para-=, _beside_, _near by_, _contrary to_: parable, paradox,
parallel, parish, parody, par-helion.
=Peri-=, _around_, _near_: period, perimeter, perigee (gē = earth),
perihelion.
=Pro-=, _before_, _for_: problem, prologue, prophet = interpreter.
=Syn-=, _with_, _together_: synagogue, syntax, syl-lable, sym-pathy,
sy-stem.
WORD-BUILDING BY THE USE OF SUFFIXES.
Suffixes, sometimes called _affixes_ or _postfixes_, are even more
numerously employed in English than are prefixes, and, indeed, have
a greater modifying power over the words to which they are attached.
They consist of a letter or letters, syllable or syllables appended
to the end of words or roots, and, like prefixes, are borrowed mainly
from old English, Latin (French) and Greek.
ENGLISH SUFFIXES.
=Nouns.=--The most important are:--
=-ard=, =-art=, denoting habit, or possession of a quality in an
excessive degree: braggart, coward, drunkard, laggard, reynard,
sluggard, wizard.
=-craft=, strength, skill, cunning: woodcraft, priestcraft,
witchcraft.
=-d=, =-t=, =-th=, suffixed to roots: flood (from the root of flow),
seed (sow); drift (drive), drought (dry), flight (fly); death (die),
birth (bear), sloth (slow), health (heal).
=-dom=, authority, dominion, quality, condition: earldom, kingdom,
christendom, Saxondom, wisdom, freedom, serfdom.
=-en=, gives a diminutive meaning: chicken (little cock), kitten,
maiden.
=-er=, denotes agent: instrument; belonging to (of places): brazier,
farmer, fuller, hater, leader, saw(y)er, writer; grater, heater;
Londoner.
=-hood=, (=-head=), condition, order, collection: brotherhood,
childhood, Godhood, knighthood, manhood, priesthood, wifehood;
Godhead.
=-ing=, (participle) act of, result of act: farthing (fourth),
dwelling, feeling, riding. It is collective in clothing, shipping.
=-kin=, diminutive: bodkin, firkin, lambkin, mannikin.
=-le= or =-l=, diminutive, means: bundle, handle, runnel, saddle (=
little seat), satchel, sickle.
=-ling=, diminutive, sometimes contemptuous: darling, duckling,
firstling, gosling, hireling, nestling, seedling.
=-lock=, state: wedlock.
=-ness=, forms abstract nouns from adjectives, quality, state:
goodness, holiness, weakness.
=-ock=, diminutive: bullock, hillock, paddock (= a little park),
Pollock (= little Paul).
=-m=, or =-om=, forms nouns from verbs: bloom (from blow), gloom
(glow), seam (sew), team (tow).
=-red=, state, sometimes collective, quality: hatred, kindred;
Mildred (mild in counsel), Ethelred (noble in counsel).
=-ric=, office, dominion: bishopric.
=-ship=, state, office: clerkship, fellowship, horsemanship,
lordship, stewardship, worship (= worthship).
=-stead=, place: bedstead, homestead, instead.
=-ster= denotes an agent, (originally a woman), a person who does
something with skill or as an occupation: spinster, chorister,
huckster, maltster, songster, tapster, roadster; baxster (bake-ster),
brewster, webster (the woman who weaves). It is depreciative in:
gamester, punster, oldster, trickster, youngster.
=-th=, =-t=, state, quality, act, number in order: dearth, filth,
mirth, wealth, worth, theft, tenth.
=-ther=, =-der=, or =-ter= denotes an agent: father, mother, brother,
sister; bladder (blow), rudder (row), laughter, water (wet), winter
(wind).
=-wright=, work or workman: millwright, playwright, shipwright,
wheelwright.
=-ward=, keeper: hayward, steward (= sty-keeper), woodward.
=-y=, =-ie=, diminutive: baby, lassie, Tommy, Willie.
=Adjectives.=--Some of the more important are:--
=-ed=, =-d=, the past participle ending, possession: honored, landed
(possessing lands), talented.
=-en=, participial ending, also denotes material: drunken, given,
hewn (= hewen), molten, river; flaxen, golden, silken, silvern,
oaken, wooden; heathen (= belonging to the country).
=-erly=, =-ern=, direction, section: southerly, eastern.
=-fast=, firm: rootfast, shamefaced (= shamefast), steadfast.
=-fold=, times: fourfold, manifold.
=-ful=, full: artful, hopeful, needful, sinful.
=-ish=, similarity, pertaining or belonging to, somewhat: boyish,
brutish, foolish, slavish, English, French, Irish, Scottish, Scotch,
Welsh; blackish, whitish.
=-le=, weakens the root: brittle, fickle, little.
=-less=, without: bloodless, childless, fadeless, toothless.
=-like=, =-ly=, like: childlike, Godlike, ghastly (= ghostly),
womanly.
=-ow=, modern form of old Eng. _-u_: callow, fallow, narrow, yellow.
=-right=, straight (= direct): downright, forthright, upright.
=-some=, like, full: blithesome (showing gladness), burdensome,
gamesome, gladsome, irksome, winsome (wyn = joy).
=-teen=, ten: thirteen, etc.
=-ty=, tens: thirty, etc.
=-ward=, course, direction: awkward (awk = Icelandic afug, back
foremost), cityward(s), landward, westward.
=-wise=, way, manner: lengthwise, likewise, nowise. The word _ways_
is often substituted: endways, sideways.
=-y=, =-ey=, like, of the nature of, covered with: bloody, crafty,
dusty, mighty, stormy, tricky.
VERB AND ADVERB SUFFIXES are much fewer and less important than those
used to form nouns and adjectives. The following may be noted:--
=Verbs.=--
=-en=, is causative, make: cheapen, deepen, gladden, quicken.
=-er=, denotes frequency, (energy): chatter, linger, spatter (spot),
splutter, sputter (spout), waver, whimper (whine).
=-le=, also denotes frequency, sometimes energy: handle, jingle
(chink), joggle, shuffle (shove), sparkle, startle, tickle, tipple,
whittle.
=Adverbs.=--Certain suffixes occur which have already been given,
as:--
=-ly=, manner: awkwardly, falsely, nobly.
=-wise=, manner: crosswise, otherwise.
=-ward=, direction: hitherward.
LATIN (AND FRENCH) SUFFIXES.
LATIN SUFFIXES, alike numerous and important, have in perhaps the
majority of cases taken on a French form. For although, prior to
the Norman Conquest, English had been but slightly influenced from
foreign sources, yet Norman French, the language of the Conquerors,
survived long enough to produce an impression on the language of
England.
=Noun Suffixes.=--The most important of these are:--
=-acy=, =-cy=, rank, office, state: abbacy, bankruptcy, captaincy,
magistracy, papacy, tenancy.
=-ade=, state, place of or for: blockade, collonade, promenade,
serenade.
=-age=, makes an abstract or collective noun, act, state: beverage,
bondage, courage, homage, marriage, tonnage, vintage, cordage,
hermitage, plumage, village.
=-al=, pertaining to, possessing, act of: animal (anima = breath of
life), canal, cardinal, hospital, withdrawal.
=-an=, belonging to: American, artisan, Christian, librarian, pagan,
publican, chaplain, captain.
=-ance=, =-ence=, } form abstract nouns, the act of: abundance,
diligence, =-ancy=, =-ency=, } repentance, consistence, pliancy,
clemency.
=-and=, =-end=, that which is to be: memorand-um, -a, agend-a,
multiplicand; dividend, legend, minuend, subtrahend.
=-ant=, =-ent= (participle), one who (does): assistant, combatant,
lieutenant, litigant, agent, client, patient, regent.
=-ar=, one who (is or does): scholar, vicar.
=-ary=, place for: apiary, granary, library, seminary. It also
designates a trade, profession, business: actuary, commissary,
lapidary, notary, secretary; incendiary, voluptuary.
=-ate=, agent, state, office: advocate, consulate, curate, legate,
postulate, protectorate, pontificate.
=-ce=, =-ice=, form abstract nouns: benefice, device, justice,
palace, service.
=-cle=, =-cel=, diminutive: corpuscle, parcel.
=-ee=, (Fr. form of =-ate=), person to whom: assignee, employee,
grantee, legatee, trustee, vendee.
=-el=, =-le=, form diminutives: chapel, libel, buckle, castle.
=-er=, =-eer=, =-ier=, one who (does): mariner, auctioneer, pioneer,
brigadier.
=-er=, place: larder, saucer.
=-ern=, place: cavern, cistern, tavern.
=-ery=, =-ry=, place: cemetery, foundry, laundry, nunnery, surgery.
=-ery=, =-ry=, condition, quality, collection, production: slavery,
bravery, treachery, finery, peasantry, carpentry, poetry.
=-ess=, feminine agent: empress, governess, sorceress.
=-et=, =-let=, diminutive: coronet, floweret, lancet, puppet, ticket,
bracelet, chaplet, eaglet; etiquette (= a little ticket).
=-icle=, diminutive: article, icicle, particle.
=-ion=, =-sion=, =-tion=, action, process, state, result: action,
legislation, mansion, opinion, position, rebellion.
=-ive=, who or that which (does or is): fugitive, native,
representative.
=-men=, =-me=, =-ment=, denoting result accomplished, instrument,
state; regimen, regime, amendment, document, ornament, banishment.
=-mony=, quality, state, act: acrimony, matrimony, sanctimony,
testimony, ceremony.
=-on=, =-one=, denotes greatness: clarion, flagon, million, trombone.
It appears as _-oon_ in balloon, dragoon, saloon.
=-or=, agent, quality, act: emperor, governor, ardour, behaviour,
savor, clamour.
=-sel=, diminutive: damsel (= little dame), morsel.
=-t=, =-ot=, agent, having passion for: prophet, patriot, zealot.
=-ter=, person who: master, minister.
=-tor=, =-trix=, agent: actor, competitor, pastor, executrix,
testatrix.
=-tude=, condition, quality: altitude, fortitude, servitude,
multitude.
=-ty=, quality, state of: charity, docility, frailty, poverty, vanity.
=-ule=, =-cule=, diminutive: globule, spherule, animalcule, molecule.
=-ure=, =-ture=, act of, thing done: capture, departure,
architecture, manufacture, creature.
=-y=, condition, collection: victory, company, family, society.
=Adjective Suffixes.=--The Latin (and French) suffixes are used
extensively to form adjectives. The following may be noted:--
=-able=, able, capable of: amiable, arable, capable, considerable,
friable (= easily crumbled), lovable, portable.
=-aceous=, containing, like: argillaceous (clayey), crustaceous (with
crust-like shell), farinaceous (_far_, corn), herbaceous.
=-al=, pertaining to: ancestral, bestial, communal, final, legal,
tidal, vernal.
=-an=, pertaining to, belonging to: Arabian, civilian, human,
partisan, sylvan.
=-ant=, =-ent=, (be)-ing, (do)-ing: abundant, cognizant, defiant,
errant, observant, mordant, verdant, adjacent, consistent,
convalescent, crescent, diffident, effervescent.
=-ar=, like, belonging to: angular, circular, lunar, secular.
=-ary=, pertaining to: binary (double), capillary, honorary,
military, sanitary, tributary, visionary.
=-ate=, having the quality expressed by the root: delicate,
deliberate, fortunate, intricate, obdurate.
=-atic=, pertaining to: aquatic, fanatic (_fānum_, temple), lunatic.
=-esque=, like, partaking of: arabesque, burlesque, grotesque,
picturesque.
=-ible=, able: credible, divisible, edible, flexible, frangible,
tangible, visible.
=-ic=, pertaining to, like: domestic, gigantic, hectic, lyric,
metallic, poetic.
=-ical= (-ic + al), pertaining to: angelical, chemical, nautical,
theatrical.
=-id=, quality: acid, candid, limpid, morbid, sordid.
=-il=, pertaining to: civil.
=-ile=, like =-able=, =-ible=: docile, ductile, fragile, mobile,
prehensile, versatile.
=-ile=, like =-il=: hostile, infantile, juvenile, mercantile, senile.
=-ine=, pertaining to, partaking of: adamantine, alkaline, aquiline,
canine, clandestine, divine, feline, saline.
=-ive=, inclined to, tending to: abusive, cohesive, corrective,
determinative, fugitive, plaintive, relative, seductive.
=-ite=, like =-ate=: definite, exquisite, favourite.
=-lent=, full of, having (to excess): corpulent, fraudulent, opulent,
truculent, violent (vi-s = force).
=-ory=, inclined to, pertaining to: amatory, accessory, advisory,
illusory, prohibitory, sensory, valedictory.
=-ose=, containing, abounding in (often to excess): bellicose,
comatose, globose, grandiose, jocose, verbose.
=-ous=, like =-ose=: ambitious, arduous, assiduous, bulbous, furious,
piteous, poisonous, omnivorous, riotous.
=-und=, inclined to, possessing: jocund, moribund, rotund, rubicund.
=Verb Suffixes.=--These are few:--
=-ate=, originally past participle suffix, as _am-āt-us_, loved:
celebrate, donate, eradicate, perforate, vaccinate.
=-fy=, make: beautify, fructify, modify, notify, revivify.
=-ish=, make, do: admonish, cherish, establish, finish, relish.
GREEK SUFFIXES.
Although not numerous, Greek suffixes are important in English
word-making. They are used principally in making nouns.
=Nouns=:--
=-asm=, quality, that which: enthusiasm, sarcasm (= flesh-tearing).
=-ast=, one who (does): elegiast, enthusiast, gymnast, symposiast.
=-ic= (=-ics=), an art, science: logic, music, phthisic (asthma),
physic (science of medicine), ethics, physics, politics, statics,
tactics.
=-isk=, diminutive: asterisk (= little star), obelisk (little spit or
pillar).
=-ism=, act of, result, state, doctrine: atheism, baptism, criticism,
euphemism, socialism, schism, syllogism, Anglicanism, stoicism.
=-ist=, denotes practice, occupation: apologist, chemist, copyist,
elegist, eulogist, Hebraist, organist.
=-ma=, =-m=, result produced: asthma, diorama, dogma, drama,
apothegm, theorem.
=-sis=, act of, result: analysis, emphasis, genesis, periphrasis,
synthesis.
=-sy=, like =-sis=: apostasy, epilepsy, hypocrisy, idiosyncrasy,
palsy (= paraly-sis), poesy.
=-t=, =-te=, one who (does or is): apostate, comet (= long-haired),
planet (= wanderer), poet (= maker).
=-ter=, (=-tre=), place of, instrument: center, meter, philter
(love-potion), theatre (_theā-_, see).
=-y=, denotes quality, state, science: autonomy, botany, geography,
geometry, logomachy, melancholy, monarchy, philosophy, theology,
theory.
=Adjectives=:--
=-ac=, pertaining to: cardiac, elegiac, hypochondriac, Syriac.
=-ic=, belonging to, like; aromatic, athletic, authentic, despotic,
frantic, Hebraic, hypnotic, idiotic, monarchic, polytechnic,
theoretic.
=Verbs=:--
=-ize= (=-ise=), do, make or cause to be: baptize, criticise,
dogmatize, Hellenize, ostracize, proselytize, theorize. It is often
attached to stems not derived from Greek: anglicize, authorize,
Judaize, botanize, fertilize, naturalize, pulverize, scrutinize,
terrorize.
ENGLISH ROOT-WORDS AND DERIVATIVES.
The native force of English was such that it came to be a highly
developed language, possessing a copious vocabulary and a rich
literature in prose and verse. Indeed, the English quite surpassed
their Norman conquerors in learning and literary culture. It is this
English that lies at the foundation of the English of to-day, and
some attention may well be given to old English root-words.
=Āc=, an _oak_, gives us oak, acorn, Acton.
=Bac-an=, to _bake_: baker, baxter (female baker), batch.
=Ban-a=, a _slayer_: bane, baneful, henbane.
=Bēat-an=, to _stroke_: beat, bat, battle, beetle, batter.
=Beorg-an=, to _shelter_: bury, burrow, burgh, harbour, harbinger.
=Bēr-an=, to _bear_: bear, birth, bairn, breed, brood, bier, barrow,
brother, bird.
=Bēt-an=, to _make good_: better, best, boot (to boot).
=Bind-an=, to _bind_: band, bond, bondage, bundle.
=Bit=, to _bite_: bit, beetle, bait, bitter.
=Blāw-an=, to _puff_: bladder, blain, blast, blister, blot, bloat.
=Blōw-an=, to _blossom_: blow, bloom, blossom, blade.
=Brec-an=, to _break_: break, breakers, brake, bracken, breach.
=Brēow-an=, brew, brewer, broth, bread.
=Būg-an=, to _bend_: bow, elbow, bough, bight.
=Byrn-an=, to _burn_: burn, brown, brimstone, brand, brandy,
brindled.
=Catt=, a _cat_: catkin, kitten, caterpillar, caterwaul.
=Cēapi-an=, to _buy_: cheap, cheapen, chap, chaffer, Chapman.
=Cen-an=, to _produce_: kin, kindred, kind, kindle.
=Cēow-an=, to _chew_: chew, cheek, cud.
=Clēow-an=, to _split_: cleave, cleaver, cleft, clover (split grass).
=Clifi-an=, to _stick to_: clip, cleave (together).
=Cnāw-an=, to _know_: ken, know, knowledge.
=Cnot-ta=, a _knot_: knot, knit, net.
=Cunn-an=, to _know_, _be able_: can, con, cunning, uncouth.
=Cweth-an=, to _say_: quoth, bequeath, bequest.
=Cwic=, _alive_: quick, quicken, quickset, quicksilver.
=Dæ-an=, to _divide_: deal, dole, dale, dell.
=Dēm-an=, to _judge_: deem, doom, doomsday, king-dom.
=Dēor=, _dear_, dearth, darling, endear.
=Dōn=, to _act_: do, don, doff, deed.
=Drag-an=, to _draw_: drag, draw, dray, draft, drain, dredge,
draggle, drawl.
=Drīf-an=, to _push_: drive, drove, drift, adrift.
=Drinc-an=, to _soak_: drink, drench.
=Drīp-an=, to _drip_: drip, drop, droop, dribble, driblet.
=Dryge=, _dry_: dry, drought, drugs (dried plants).
=Far-an=, to _go_: far, fare, welfare, ferry, ford.
=Fēower=, _four_: farthing, firkin, fourteen, fortnight, forty.
=Flēog-an=, to _flee_: fly, flight, flea, fledged.
=Flēot-an=, to _float_: float, fleet, afloat, flotsam.
=Fōd-a=, _food_, _feed_: food, fodder, foster, father, forage.
=Fōn=, [P.P. gefangen], to _catch_: fang, finger, new fangled.
=Frēon=, to _love_: friend, friendship.
=Gal-an=, to _sing_: gale, yell, nightingale.
=Gang-an=, to _go_: gang, gangway, ago.
=Gnag-an=, to _bite_: gnaw, gnat, nag (to tease).
=Graf-an=, to _dig_, _cut_: grave, engrave, graft, groove, carve.
=Grīp-an=, to _seize_: grip, gripe, grasp, grab, grope.
=Gyrd-an=, to _surround_: gird, girdle, garden, yard, vineyard.
=Hæl-an=, to _heal_: hale, holy, hallow, health, hail, whole,
wholesome, wassail.
=Hebb-an=, to _raise_: heave, heaven, heavy, (heave-offering).
=Hlāf=, _bread_, _loaf_: loaf, lord (hlāford, loaf-keeper), lady
(hlœfdīge = loaf-kneader).
=Licg-an=, to _lie_: lie, lay, layer, lair, outlay.
=Loda=, _guide_: lead, lodestar, lodestone.
=Māg-an=, to _be able_: may, main, might, mighty.
=Māw-an=, to _cut_: mow, math, aftermath, mead, meadow (mown spot).
=Mōn-a=, _moon_: month, moon, (moonshiner).
=Nasu=, _nose_: nose, nasal, nostril, nozzle.
=Penn-an=, to _shut up_: pen, pin, pound, impound.
=Pīc=, _point_: pike, peak, picket, pike (a fish), peck, pecker.
=Rēaf=, _clothing_, _spoil_: rob, robber, reave, bereave, reever,
robe.
=Scēap-an=, to _form_: shape, ship, scape (landscape).
=Scēot-an=, to _throw_: shoot, shot, shut, sheet, shutter, shuttle,
scud.
=Scer-an=, to _cut_: shear, share, shire, scar, scare, score, sharp,
short, shirt, skirt, shred, scrip, scrap.
=Scuf-an=, to _push_: shove, shovel, shuffle, scruffle, sheaf, scoop.
=Sitt-an=, to _sit_: sit, set, seat, settle.
=Slē-an=, to _strike_: slay, slaughter, slog, sledge.
=Slīp-an=, to _slip_: slop, slipper, sleeve.
=Snīc-an=, to _crawl_: sneak, snake, snail.
=Stede=, _place_: stead, instead, homestead, steady, steadfast.
=Stici-an=, to _stick_: stick, stitch, stake, stock, stockade,
stock-still.
=Stīg-an=, to _climb_: stair, stile, stirrup, sty.
=Styr-an=, to _direct_: steer, stern, steerage.
=Sweri-an=, to _declare_: swear, answer (and-, _against_), forswear.
=Tæc-an=, to _teach_: teach, teacher, token, taught.
=Tell-an=, to _account_: tell, tale, talk, toll, teller.
=Tēon=, to _draw_: tow, tug.
=Thæc=, _roof_: thatch, deck.
=Tred-an=, to _walk_: tread, treadle, trade, tradesman.
=Trūwa=, _good faith_: true, truth, troth, betroth.
=Twā=, _two_: twain, twelve, twenty, twig, twine, twist.
=Wana=, _lacking_: wan, wane, want, wanton.
=Wef-an=, to _weave_: weaver, web, woof.
=Warū=, _defense_: war, wary, aware, ward, guard, guardian.
=Wit-an=, to _know_: wit, wise, wisdom, wistful, witness.
=Wraest-an=, to _wrest_: wrest, wrestle, wrist.
LATIN WORDS AND DERIVATIVES.
English and the French of the Norman conquerors continued to live
side by side for about two centuries, neither materially affecting
the other. About 1300 an extensive borrowing of literary (Parisian)
French words began, and during the next two hundred years the
majority of the thousands of French words we now use were taken over
into English.
Latin words began to be used in England while yet there was no
English language; many came in with the introduction of Christianity.
This borrowing has gone on steadily ever since. As has just been
said, English borrowed extensively from literary French. Now, as
French is only Latin in a corrupt form, it is often impossible to
determine whether a particular word was taken directly from Latin or
French. It is estimated that one-fourth of the English vocabulary is
derived from Latin.
The Latin stem or stems have been indicated, as, acr-, _acrid_;
audīt-, _auditor_. The letters (Fr.) occurring after a word indicate
that the Latin stem has been modified in passing through the French
into the English language.
=Ac-=, _sharp_--=āc-er= (acr-) _sharp_; =ăc-us=, _needle_, =ac-uo=,
_I sharpen_: acid, acerbity, acrid, acrimony, acute, acu-men, eager
(Fr. _aigre_, sharp, sour), vin-egar (Fr. _vin_, wine, + _aigre_),
acetic.
=aed-es=, _a building_; =aedi-fic-āre= (see _facio_), _to build_
(_up_): edi-fice, edi-fy.
=aes=, _money_--=aes-tim-are= _to value_: estim-ate, in-estim-able,
esteem, aim (Fr.).
=ăger= (agr-), _field_, _country_; =per-agr-are=, _to travel
through_: agr-arian, per-egr-inate, pil-gr-im (Ital. pellegrino =
peragr-), agri-culture (see _colo_).
=ăg-o= (=ag-ito=), _I drive_, _perform_; =act-us=, _performed_:
ag-ent, co-g-ent, agitate, act-ion, actor, act-ive, ag-ile, ex-act,
transact, amb-ig-uous.
=ali-us=, _other_; =al-ter=, _the other_: ali-en, alienate,
inalienable, ali-as, ali-bi (= else-where); alter, alternate,
altercation, sub-alter-n.
=ăl-tus=, _high_: alt-ar, altitude, ex-alt, ali-ment, ali-mony, alto
(Ital.).
=ăm-o= (amāt-), _I love_; =amī-cus=, _friend_: am-ity, amor-ous,
amatory, amour, amic-able, ami-able, in-imic-al, en-emy and enamoured
(Fr.).
=anim-a=, _air_, _breath of life_; =anim-us=, _mind_: anim-al,
anim-ate, anim-osity, anim-advert (see _verto_), un-anim-ous,
equ-anim-ity (_aequus_), animalcule.
=ann-us=, _year_: ann-als, ann-uity, anni-versary (_verto_), annual,
per-enn-ial.
=antiqu-us= (=anticus=), _ancient_: antique, antiquary, antiquity,
antic.
=apt-us=, _fitted_, _suitable_; =in-ept-us=, _senseless_: apt,
aptitude, ad-apt, in-ept.
=aqua=, _water_: aqu-atic, aqueous, aquarium, aque-duct (_duco_).
=arbiter=, (arbitr-), _umpire_: arbiter, arbitrate, arbitra-ment,
arbitrary.
=ar-=, _join_--=ar-ma=, _fittings_, _arms_; =ar-tus=, _joint_: arm,
armour, army, armament, article, articulate; armada and armadillo
(Span.), armi-stice (_sto_).
=ar-s= (same root as above), _skill_: art, artisan, artist, artifice
(_fac-_), in-ert.
=audi-o= (audīt-), _hear_; =aur-is=, _ear_; =ob-oedi-o=, (_hearken
to_), _obey_: audience, ob-edi-ence, audit, auditor, audit-orium,
audible, aur-al, aur-icle, aurist.
=Bell-um=, old form duellum, _war_: bellicose, belli-ger-ent, re-bel,
revel (Fr.).
=bĕnĕ=, _well_, =bŏnus=, _good_: bene-dic-tion, beni-son;
bene-factor, bene-ficent, benefit (_facio_); bene-vol-ent (_vŏlo_);
beni-gn, boon and bounty (Fr.).
=bis=, =bi=, _twice_; =bini=, _two by two_: bi-cycle, bi-ennial,
bi-sect, bi-weekly, bis-cuit (_twice baked_), bin-ary, combine.
=brev-is=, _short_: brevity, brief (Fr.), breviary, ab-breviate.
=Caballus=, _a nag_: through Fr., caval-ier, cheval-ier, cavalry,
chivalry.
=căd-o= (cĭd-), _I fall_; =căs-us=, _a fall_: cad-ence, c(h)a-nce,
de-cad-ence, de-cay, de-cid-uous, in-cident, cas-e, casu-al, cas-cade.
=caed-o= (caes-), _I cut_; =in-cīd-o=, (in-cīs-) _I cut in_: de-cide,
incisive, precise.
=camp-us=, _plain_, _field_: encamp, campaign, champion and champaign
(Fr.).
=cand-=, _be white_, _glow_--=cand-idus=, _white_; =in-cend-o=
(cens-), _kindle_: candor, candid, candidate, candle, in-candescent,
incend-iary, incense.
=can-o= (cant-), =cant-o= (cantāt-), _I sing_: can-orous, cant-icle,
canto, cant.
=căp-io=, (capt-), =ac-cip-io= (cept-), _take_, _receive_: capacity,
capt-ive, caption, captious, re-cip-ient, de-ceive and re-ceipt
(Fr.), re-cipe, ac-cept, precept, cap-able, sus-cept-ible, cape.
=căpŭt= (căpĭt-), _head_: cape (headland), capital, capitol,
capit-ulate, captain, chapter (Fr. _chapitre_), catt-le and chattel
(Fr.); pre-cipit-ate.
=căro= (carn-) _flesh_: carnal, in-carn-ate, carnat-ion; through Fr.
and Ital.
=car-us=, _dear_; =cāritas=, _dearness_, _love_: charity, cherish
(Fr. _cher_ = _cār-_).
=cast-us=, _pure_; =castīgo= (castigāt-), _punish_: castigate, chaste.
=caus-a=, _cause_; -cūs- in verbs: cause, causal, causation, ac-cuse,
accusation.
=cav-us=, _hollow_: cave, cavern, cavity, con-cave, cage and cajolery
(Fr.).
=ced-o= (cess-), _go_, _yield_, _leave off_: cede, accede, cease,
cessation, proceed.
=cens-eo=, _I assess_, _judge_: census, censor, censure.
=cent-um= _hundred_: cent, century, centurion, centenary, centi-grade.
=cern-o= (crēt-), _I distinguish_, _decide_; =cert-us=, _fixed_:
dis-cern, dis-cri-minate, discreet, con-cern, decree, se-crete,
secret-ary, certain, certi-ficate.
=circ-um=, _around_; =circ-us=, _circle_: circle, circular, circuit
(_ĭ-_), circum-spect.
=cīvi-s=, _citizen_; =cīvi-tas=, _state_, _city_: civic, civilize,
civilian, city and citadel.
=clam-o=, (clamāt-), _I cry out_: claim, exclaim, declamation.
=claud-o=, (claus-), _I shut_; in compounds, -clūdo (clūs-): clause,
close, ex-clude.
=clīv-us=, _slope_; =in-clīno= (clīnāt-), _bend_: de-clivity,
in-clination, declension.
=colo=, (cult-), _I till_, _revere_; =colon-us=, _farmer_: colony,
cult, culture.
=cōmmodus=, _convenient_: commodity, incommode, accommodate.
=cōpia=, _plenty_: copious, copy, cornucopia.
=cŏr= (cord-), _heart_: cord-ial, con-cord, dis-cord, record, core,
cour-age (Fr.).
=cŏrōn-a=, _garland_, _crown_; =corolla= (lit. _little crown_)
_chaplet_: crown, coronal, coronet, coronation, coroner, corolla,
corollated, corollary.
=corpus= (corpŏr-), _body_: corps, corpse, corporal, corporate,
corpus-cle.
=crēd-o= (crēdit-), _I trust_, _believe_: credential, credit,
ac-credit, creed, credible, incredulous, recreant (Fr.).
=crĕ-o= (creāt-), _produce_, =crēsc-o= (crēt-), _grow_, creator,
cresc-ent.
=crĕm-o= (crĕmāt-), _I burn_: cremate, cremationist, crematory.
=crux= (crŭc-), _cross_: crucial, crucify, excruciating, crusade
(Span.), cross, cruise.
=cŭp-id-us=, _desiring_: cupidity, covet (Fr.), covetousness.
=cūra=, _care_; =cūr-o= (cūrāt-) _care for_: cur-ious, cure, curate,
curacy, curé (Fr.), accurate, procure, se-cure = sure (Fr.), (sē =
_without_).
=curr-o= (curs-), _I run_: cur-rent, cursive, in-cur, suc-cor; course.
=Damnum=, _loss_; =damn-o= (damnāt-), _condemn_: damn, condemnation,
indemnity, dam-age (Fr.).
=dēbe-o= (dēbit-), _I owe_: debit, debt (Fr.), debenture.
=decem=, _ten_: December (orig. the _tenth_ month), decim-al,
decennial.
=dĕc-et=, _it is becoming_; =dĕc-us= (dĕcŏr-), _ornament_: dec-ent,
decor-um.
=dens= (dent-), _tooth_: dental, dentist, dentition, in-dent,
tri-dent.
=dĕ-us=, _God_: deity, de-ist, deify, deiform.
=dīc-o= (dĭct-), _say_; =dĭc-o= (dĭcāt-), _proclaim_: dictum,
diction, diction-ary, dictate, indict, verdict (_vērus_), ab-dicate,
predicate.
=dĭ-es=, _day_: dial, diary, diurnal = journal (Fr.), ad-journ (Fr.),
meri-dian.
=dign-us=, _worthy_; =dign-itas=, _worth_: dignity, dainty (Fr.),
dignify, in-dign-ant, condign, deign and dis-dain (Fr.).
=disc-o=, _I learn_; =dŏce-o= (doct-) _I teach_: disciple, docile,
doctor, doct-rine.
=do= (dăt-), =dōn-o= (dōnāt-), _I give_, _present_: data, date,
dative, donor, donate, add (= _ad_ + _do_), render (Fr.; _re-_,
back), dotal, dowry (Fr.), dowager.
=dŏl-eo=, _I grieve_; =dŏl-or=, _grief_, _pain_: dole (= grief),
doleful, dolor, dolorous, condole, in-dolent.
=dŏm-o= (dŏmĭt-) _I subdue_; =dŏmin-us=, _lord_, _master_:
in-domitable, dominant.
=dŏm-us=, _house_: domestic, domicile.
=dormi-o= (dormīt-), _I sleep_: dormitory, dormant and dormer (Fr.).
=duc-= _lead_--=duc-o= (dŭct-); =ēdŭc-o= (educāt-), _I rear_;
=dux= (dŭc-), _leader_: re-duce, ductile, conduct, conduit (Fr.),
deduction, traduce, education.
=duo=, _two_: dual, duel (see _bellum_), double (Fr.; _duplus_),
doublet, duplex.
=Ĕm-o= (empt-), _I buy_; =ex-emp-lum=, _example_: pre-empt,
ex-emption, exemplify, per-emptory, sample (Fr.), redeem, ransom
(Fr.; _red-imo_).
=ĕs-se=, _to be_; =ab-s-ens= (absent-), _being away_; =fŭtūrus=
_about to be_: ess-ence (lit., _being_, _existence_), present,
ent-ity, futurity, inter-est.
=Făber= (făbr-), _workman_; =fabric-a=, _workshop_: fabric,
fabricate, forge (Fr.).
=făci-es=, _form_, _face_: facial, efface, super-ficies = sur-face
(Fr.), façade (Fr.).
=făci-o=, (fact-), _I make_; =ef-fĭci-o= (effect-); =făcil-is=,
easy: fact, fact-ion, fashion (Fr.), factor, pro-fici-ent, affect,
defection, suffice, feat (Fr.), feature, facile, feasible (Fr.),
faculty, artificer.
=fall-o=, (fals-), _I deceive_: fallacy, infallible, false, fail and
fault (Fr.).
=fānum=, _temple_; =fēstus=, _festal_: fane, fanatic, pro-fane,
festive.
=fā-=, _speak_--=fāri= (fāt-, fān-), _to speak_; =fā-bula=, _tale_;
=fā-ma=, _a report_: in-fant, infantry, pre-face, fate, fatality,
fable, affable, fabulous, infamous.
=fē-=, _produce_--=fēmina=, _a woman_; =fēlix=, _happy_: feminine,
female, felicity.
=fend-=, _strike_, _fend_--occurs in compound verbs, _e.g._,
=de-fend-o=, (-fens-), _ward off_: defend, offend, offence, fence,
in-fes-t.
=fĕr-o=, (lāt-), _I bear_; =fertilis=, _productive_: fertile, in-fer,
differ, elated.
=fĭd-es=, _faith_; =fĭdēlis=, =fid-us=, _trusty_; =foed-us=
(foeder-), _treaty_: fidelity, infidel, diffident, feder-al, defy,
af-fi-ance, fi-ancé, faith, fealty.
=fīlius=, _son_, (=fīlia= _daughter_): filial, affiliate, Fitz-
(Fitzedward) (Fr.).
=fing-o=, (fĭct-, fĭg-), _I fashion_, _make up_: figment, figure,
fictile, fiction, effigy; through Fr., feign, feint, faint.
=fīnis=, _end_; =fīni-o= (fīnīt-), _I end_: fine, con-fine, final,
finable, finical, affinity, infinitude; through Fr., finance, finish,
finesse.
=firm-us=, _steadfast_; =firm-o= (firmat-), _I strengthen_,
_strength_: firm, confirmation, affirmative, firmament (lit.
_support_), farm (through Ang. Sax.).
=flagr-o= (flagrāt), _I burn_; =flam-ma=, _flame_: flagrant, inflame,
flambeau (Fr.).
=flect-o= (flex-), _I bend_: in-flect, flex, flex-ible, flexor,
flexion, flexure.
=flōs= (flōr-), _flower_; =floresc-ĕre=, _to blossom_: flora, florid,
florist, florescent.
=flu-o= (flux-), _flow_; =fluct-us= _a wave_: flu-ent, fluid,
influence, flux, fluctuate.
=fŏli-um=, _leaf_; =fŏliāt-us= _leaved_: foliage, folio, foil (Fr.),
trefoil, portfolio.
=fōns= (font-), _a spring_: font, fount, fountain (Fr.), fontal.
=fōrm-a=, _shape_; =form-o (formāt-)=, _I shape_: form, formal,
formula, perform.
=forti-s=, _steadfast_, _brave_: forti-tude, fortify; through Fr.,
comfort, effort, force, forte, fort, fortress.
=frag-=, =frang-o= (fract-), _I break_: fragile, fragment, fracture,
in-fringe.
=frāter=, _brother_: fraternal, fraternity, fratricide (_caedo_),
friar (Fr.).
=frīgidus=, _be cold_; =frīger-are=, _make cold_: frigidity,
refrigerate, refrigerant.
=frons= (front-), _forehead_: front, frontal, affront, effrontery and
frontier.
=frūg-=, =fru-i= (fruct-), _to enjoy_; =frūg-es=, =fructus=, _fruit_;
=frugi=, _useful_: fructify, frugi-ferous, frugi-vorous, fruit,
fruition, frugal.
=fŭgi-o= (fŭgit-), _I flee_: fugitive, refuge, subterfuge, febrifuge
(_febris_, fever).
=fulge-o= (fuls-), _shine_; =fulmen=, _lightning_: refulgent,
fulminate.
=fŭnd-o= (fūs-), _I pour_; =fū-tilis=, _vain_: re-fund (= pay back),
fusible, refuse, confuse, effusion, confound and foundry (Fr.), fount
(of type), futile.
=fund-us=, _bottom_; =fund-āre= (fundāt-), _to found_: fundament
= foundation (Fr.), pro-fundity; Fr., profound, (to) found, (to)
founder, fund, refund.
=fung-i= (funct-), _perform_: de-funct, function (Fr.) perfunctory.
=Gĕl-=, =gelid-us=, _icy cold_; =gĕl-āre= (gelāt-), _to congeal_,
=glacies=, _ice_: gelid, gelatine, glacier, glacial, jelly (Fr.).
=gĕn-= (_birth_)--=gĕn-us= (gĕnĕr-), (_birth_), _race_; =gen-s=
(gent-), _nation_; =gigno= (genit-), _give birth_: general, generate,
congener, gentle, gentile, congenital, ingenious, genius, gender
(Fr.), ingenuous.
=gĕr-o= (gĕst-), _bear_: belli-gerent, gesture, di-gest, register and
jest (Fr.).
=grăd-i= (gressus), _to walk_, _go_; =grăd-us=, _a step_: gradi-ent,
gradation, e-gress, gradual, degrade, aggressive, degree (Fr.).
=grandis=, _great_: grand, grandee (Span.), grandeur (Fr.), grandiose.
=gran-um=, _a grain_: granule, granary, granite, ingrain, garner and
grange.
=grātus=, _acceptable_; =grātia=, _favour_; =grātiae=, _thanks_;
=gratul-āri=, _to congratulate_: gratitude, grateful, gratify,
ingratiate, grace ("say grace" = _ăgĕre grātiās_), gracious, gratis,
gratuitous, gratulation, agree (Fr.).
=grăvis=, _heavy_: gravity, grave (= serious; Fr.), aggravate, grief.
=grĕx= (grĕg-), _a flock_: gregarious, e-greg-ious, aggregation.
=Hăbe-o= (hăbit-), _I have_; in compounds -hibeo, =prohibeo=,
_prevent_; =habilis=, _suitable_: habit, habitude, exhibit,
prohibitive, able (Fr.).
=haere-o= (haes-), _I stick_: ad-here, in-her-ent, hesit-ate.
=hēres= (hērēd-), _heir_: hered-ity, heir (Fr.), co-heir, in-her-it
(Fr.), heir-loom.
=hŏmo= (hŏmĭn-), _man_; =humān-us=, _human_; =humus=, _ground_;
=humil-is=, _lowly_: homi-cide, inhumanity, ex-hume, humility, humble
and homage (Fr.).
=hŏspes= (hŏspĭt-), _host_, also _guest_; =hŏspĭti-um=, _inn_;
=hŏstis=, _enemy_: hospital (= hostel, hotel, Fr.; hence) hostelry,
hostler; host (army), hostile.
=Idem=, _same_; =item=, _likewise_; =ĭ-terum=, _a second time_;
=iterāre=, _to repeat_: identity, identify, item, itemize, iterate,
reiteration.
=impero= (imperāt-), _I command_; =imperium=, _rule_: imperative,
empire (Fr.).
=insŭla=, _island_: insular, pen-insula, insulate = isolate (Fr.),
isle (Fr.).
=in-teg-er=, _whole_ (= in-tac-t; from _tag-_, see _tango_): integer,
entire (Fr.).
=intellego= (intellect-), _I understand_: intelligent, intellect,
intellectualism.
=īra=, _anger_, =irāsc-i=, _to be angry_: irate, iracund, irascible,
ire (Fr.)
=ĭ-=, _go_--This root is found in =ĕo= (ĭt-), _I go_; =ī-tio=,
=ĭ-tus=, _a going_; =iter= (ĭtĭner-), _a going_, _march_;
=ĭn-ĭ-tium=, _a beginning_: amb-ĭ-ent, amb-ĭ-tion, se(d)-ĭ-tion (sē =
_apart_), adit, exit, circuit, itinerant, initial.
=Jac-=, _throw_--=jăcĭo= (ject- in compounds), _I throw_; =jăct-ūra=,
=jăculātio=, _casting_; =jac-ēre=, _to lie (down)_: jactitation,
abject, project, adjective, rejection, conjecture, ejaculation;
adjacent, circumjacent; through Fr., jet (= jut), jetty, jetsam, gist
and joist (from _jacēre_).
=jŏcus=, _jest_; =jŭcundus=, _pleasant_: jocose, jocular, joke,
jocundity, juggler and jeopardy (_jeu parti_ = even chance) (Fr.).
=jūdex= (jūdic-), _a judge_; =jūs= (jūr-), _right_; =jūrāre=, _to
swear_; =justus=, _just_; judicial, prejudice, justice; Fr., judge,
jury, jurist, injury, adjust.
=jŭg-um=, _yoke_; =jung-o= (junct-), _I join_; =juxta=, _near to_:
jugular, conjugal, conjugate, juncture, adjunct, conjunction,
juxtaposition; through, Fr. join, joiner, joint.
=jŭvĕnis=, _young_: juvenile, juvenescent, junior, rejuvenate.
=jūv-o= (jūt-), _I aid_: adjutant, co-adjutor, aid and aide (Fr.).
=Lāb-=, _glide down_--=lapsus=, _a gliding_, _fall_: lapse, collapse,
elapse, relapse.
=laed-o= (laes-), _strike_, _hurt_; =col-līdo= (-līs-), _dash
together_: collide, elide.
=lătu-s= (lătĕr-), _side_: lateral, collateral, multilateral,
equilateral (_aequus_).
=laud-o= (laudāt-), _I praise_; =laus=, _praise_: laud, laudable,
laudatory, laudation.
=lăv-o= (lăvāt) _I wash_; =lăvanda= _(things) to be washed_;
=lŭ-ĕre=, _wash_: lavatory, al-luv-ial, pollution, dilute, lave,
lavender, laund-ry, de-luge.
=lag-=, =langue-o=, _to be_ =languid-us=, _faint_, _dull_; =lax-us=,
_open_, _loose_: languor, languid, lax, laxity, relaxation; through
Fr. lease, leash, release.
=lēx= (lēg-), _law_; =lēg-o= (lēgāt-), _I send_, _depute_; =collēga=,
_colleague_: legal, leal, loyal (Fr.), legitimate, legate, legatee,
legacy, allegation, college.
=lĕg-o= (lĕct-), _I choose_, _read_; =lĕg-i= _legion_: legible,
legend, lecture, lection = lesson (Fr.), elegant, legionary, coil and
cull (_colligo_).
=lĕvis=, _light_, =lĕv-o= (lĕvāt-), _I raise_, _lighten_: levity,
levant, elevator, alleviate.
=lĭber= (lĭbr-), _book_; =lĭbēll-us=, _pamphlet_: library, libel,
libellous.
=līber=, _free_; =līber-o= (līberāt-), _set free_: liberal, liberty,
libertine, liberate.
=lībra= (dimin. =libella=), _a balance_; =libr-o= (lībrāt-), _I
balance_: equi-librium, level (Fr.), libration, deliberate.
=lĭg-o= (lĭgāt-), _I tie_: ligature, ligament; through Fr., league,
liable, lien.
=līnquo=, (rĕ-lĭct-), _I leave_: de-linquent, derelict, relinquish,
relic.
=līn-um=, _flax_; =līnea=, _a thread_: line, lineal, lineament,
delineate, linen.
=lĭqu-ere=, _be moist_; =lĭquid-us=, _flowing_: liquid, liquidation.
=littera=, _a letter_: literal, literature, illiterate, obliterate,
letter (Fr.).
=lŏc-us=, _a place_; =lŏc-o= (lŏcāt-), _I place_: local, allocate =
allow (Fr.).
=long-us=, _long_: longitude, elongated, prolong = purloin (Fr.),
lunge (Fr.).
=lŏqui= (lŏcut-), _to speak_; =lŏqu-ax=, _talkative_: loquacious,
eloquent, colloquial.
=luc-=: this root is seen in =lūx= (lūc-), =lumen= (lūmin-), _light_;
=lūna=, _moon_: lucidity, luminary, luminous, lunatic, illustration.
=Mag-=: this root appears in =magn-us=, _great_, =maior=, _greater_,
=maxim-us=, _greatest_, and =magister=, _master_: magnitude, magnify,
magn-animous, majority, maximum, maxim, magnate, mayor and master
(Fr.).
=male=, _badly_; =malus=, _bad_: mali-gn (see _gĕn-_), malignant,
male-volent, malice and malady (Fr.); malediction, malefactor, etc.
=măne-o= (mans-), _I remain_: per-manent, im-manent, remnant, mansion
(_staying_ (-place)), manse, manor and menial (Fr.).
=măn-us=, _hand_; =mand-o= (mandāt-), _entrust_: manual, manacle,
mandate, emancipate, commend, manu-mission (_mitto_); through Fr.,
amend, command, maintain (_teneo_), manœuvre (Fr. _œuvre_ = _opera_,
work).
=măre=, _sea_: marine, mariner, maritime.
=māter=, _mother_; =materia=, _stuff_, _matter_: maternal, material,
matron.
=mĕd-eri=, _to heal_; =medic-us=, _physician_: medical, re-medy.
=medi-us=, _middle_: medium, mediocre, mediator, mean and means (Fr.).
=mĕmor=, _mindful_; =mĕmŏro= (mĕmŏrāt-), _I recount_: memory,
memorandum.
=mens= (mĕnt-), _mind_; =re-min-isci=, _I remember_: mental,
reminiscent, comment.
=mĕre-o= (mĕrit-), _I deserve_: merit, meritorious.
=merx= (merc-), _wares_; =mercor= (mercāt-), _I purchase_; =merces=
(mercēd-), _hire_: merchant, mercantile, market = mart, mercenary.
=mēt-iri= (mens-), _to measure_: mensuration, dimension, measure
(Fr.).
=miles= (mīlĭt-), _soldier_: military, militant, militia.
=mille=, _thousand_: mile, millesimal, million and millimetre (Fr.),
etc.
=mōns= (mŏn-), _mountain_: mount and mountain (Fr.), promontory.
=mĭnu-o= (mĭnut-), _lessen_; =minor=, _less_; =minister=, _servant_:
minu-end, minute, diminutive, minority, minimum, ministry,
ministration, minstrel (Fr.).
=mīr-āri= (mīrāt-), _to wonder at_: miracle, Fr., mirage, mirror,
marvel.
=misce-o= (mixt-), _I mix_: mixture, promiscuous, miscellaneous.
=mitto= (mĭss-), _I send_: com-mit, missile, mission, dismissal,
manu-mit.
=mŏd-us= and =modul-us=, _a measure_; verb stems =mŏderāt-=,
=mŏdul-āt-=: modesty, modal, modify, moderate, modulation; (Fr.),
model, mode = mood.
=mōles=, _mass_: mole (_i.e._, dam), molecule, demolish, demolition.
=mŏne-o=, (mŏnĭt-), _I warn_; =monstr-um=, _warning_, _prodigy_:
monu-ment, monition, remonstrate, admonish and monster (Fr.).
=morbus=, _disease_; =mors= (mort-), _death_: morbid, mortal, mortify.
=morde-o= (mors-), _I bite_: mordant, mordacious, morsel (Fr.),
remorse.
=mōs=, _custom_, pl. =mōres=, _manners_: moral, moralize, morose,
demure (Fr.).
=mŏve-o= (mōt-), _I move_; =mobilis=, _movable_: movement, motion,
remote, motive, mobile (Fr.), mobility, mob (= Lat. _mobĭlĕ_), move
(Fr.).
=mūni-o= (munīt-), _I fortify_; =mūr-us=, _a wall_: muniment,
munition, mural, intra-, extra-mural, ammunition.
=mūnis=, _obliging_; =mūnus= (mūner-), _service_, _gift_; =municeps=,
_citizen_: munificent (_facio_), immunity, remuneration, municipal.
=mūt-o= (mūtāt-); =mūtu-us=, _borrowed_: mutable, per-mutation,
commute.
=Nāsc-i= (nāt-), _to be born_: nasc-ent, natal, nativity, nation,
nature, cognate.
=nāvis=, _ship_; =nauta=, _sailor_: naval, navy, nautical.
=nect-o= (nex-), _I bind_: con-nect, nexus, an-nex, annexation.
=nĕg-o= (nĕgāt-), _I deny_: negation; deny, re-negade (Span.).
=neuter= (neutr-), _neither_: neuter, neutrality, neutralize.
=nō-=, _older_; =gnō-=, _know_; =nobilis=, _noble_; =nōtus=, _well
known_; =nō-men= (nōmĭn-), _name_; =ignōr-āre=, _not to know_;
nobility, i-gnoble (i = _in_, not), en-noble, notice and notify,
notion, notorious, noun (Fr.), nominal, ignomin-ious, nominate,
nomina-tive, denominator, ignorant.
=nŏce-o=, _I harm_; =nox-ius=, _hurtful_: in-noc-ent, innocuous,
noxious, nuisance.
=norma=, _a rule_; root nō- as in _nōtus_: normal, abnormal, enormous.
=nota=, _a mark_; =nŏt-o=, (nŏtāt-), _I mark_: note and notable
(Fr.), notary.
=nŏvus=, _new_; =nuntius=, _news_: novel and novice (Fr.),
in-nov-ation, denunciate, an-nunciation = announcement (Fr.),
pronounce (Fr.).
=nox= (noct-), _night_: noct-urnal, equi-nox, equinoctial.
=nūbĕre= (nupt-), _to marry_: con-nubial, nuptial.
=nutri-o= (nutrīt-), _I nourish_; =nutrix= (nutrīc-), _a nurse_:
nutri-ent, nutri-ment, nutritious; through Fr., nurse, nursling,
nourish, nurture.
=Ŏculus=, _eye_: ocular, oculist, ocellus.
=omnis=, _all_: omnibus, omni-scient, omnipotent.
=ŏnus= (ŏnĕr-), _burden_: onerous, ex-onerate.
=ops=, _means_; =ōptimus=, _best_: opulent, optimist, optimates.
=ŏpus= (ŏpĕr-), _work_; =ŏpĕra=, _service_: operate, operative,
co-operation, opera.
=opt-o= (optāt-), _I desire_: option, adopt, adoptive, optative.
=ordo= (ordĭn-), _order_, _row_; =ordĭn-o= (ordĭnāt-), _I set
in order_; =orno= (ornāt-), _I deck_: ordinal, extra-ordinary,
ordination, co-ordinate, in-subordination, orna-ment, ad-orn, ornate;
through Fr., order, ordain.
=oriens=, _rising_ (=sōl oriens=, _the east_); =orīgo= (orīgĭn-),
_source_: orient, orientalist, orientation, origin (Fr.), originality.
=ōs= (ōr-), _mouth_; =ōr-o= (ōrāt-), _I speak_, _pray_; =ōmen=
(omin-), _token_: oral, or-acle, o-rotund, ori-fice (_facio_),
os-cul-ation, adore, oration = orison.
=ōvum=, _egg_; =ōvātio=, _an ovation_: oval, ovary, ovi-form,
ovi-parous (_pario_).
=Paenīt-ēre=, _to be sorry_: through Fr., penitent, repentance,
penance.
=pāgus=, _country district_: pagan, page (boy) and peasant (Fr.).
=par=, _equal_: parity; through Fr., pair, peer, compeer, dis-parage,
um-pire.
=păro= (părāt-), _make ready_: com-par-able, ap-paratus,
pre-paration; through Fr., repair, reparation, comparison, parry,
parade, para-sol (Port.).
=pār-ēre=, _be visible_: ap-parent; through Fr., appear, peer (= to
peep).
=pars= (part-), _part_; =partīt-us=, _divided_: partitive, partition,
participate (_căpio_); through Fr., part, parcel, partner, parse.
=pătēre=, _to be open_; =pandĕre= (pans-, pass-), _to extend_:
patent, paten, patella = pail (Fr.), expand; through Fr. pass,
passage, pace, pan.
=pater= (patr-), _father_; =patria=, _fatherland_; =patricius=,
_patrician_: paternal, patron, patrimony, patrician, ex-patriate.
=păt-i= (pass-), _to suffer_: patient, com-pat-ible, passion,
compassion, passive.
=paucus=, _few_, _little_; =pauper=, _poor_: paucity, pauperism;
through Fr., poverty, poor, im-poverish.
=pectus= (pectŏr-), _breast_: pectoral, expectorate, para-pet (Ital.
_petto_, breast).
=pecunia=, _money_; =peculium=, _personal property_: pecuniary,
im-pecunious, peculiar, peculation.
=pell-o= (puls-), _beat_, _drive_; =pulso= (pulsāt-), _push_,
_strike_: com-pel, re-pellent, ex-pulsion, pulse, pulsation.
=pend-ēre= (pens-), _to hang_ (1); =pĕnd-ĕre= (pens-), _to weigh_,
_pay_ (2); =pŏndus= (pŏnder-), _weight_: (1) pendent, pendant (Fr.),
im-pending, pendulous, pendulum, de-pend; (2) ex-pend, spend,
dis-pense, compensate, recompense (Fr.), compendium, suspension,
pensive, poise (Fr.); ponder (Fr.).
=pēs= (pĕd-), _foot_; =ex-pedi-o= (expĕdīt-), _I set free_: pedal,
ped-estrian, pedestal (Span.), expedite, impediment.
=ping-o= (pĭct-), _I paint_: pig-ment, picture, pictorial, depict,
paint (F.).
=pĭus=, _dutiful_: pious, piety = pity (Fr.).
=plăc-ēre=, _to be pleasing_; =plāc-āre= (plācāt-), _to quiet_:
placid, com-placent, complaisance (Fr.), please and pleasure (Fr.),
placable, placate.
=planta=, _a plant_, _sole_: sup-plant, plantation, plantain (Fr.).
=planus=, _level_: plane; through Fr., plain, plan, explain; piano
(_soft_; Ital.).
=plaud-o= (plaus-), _I clap_ (=ex-plōdo=): plaudit, ap-plause,
plausible, explode.
=ple-o= (plēt-), _I fill_; =plēnus=, _full_: de-plete, complement;
expletive.
=plĭc-āre= (plĭcĭt-), _to fold_; =plect-ĕre= (plex-), _I weave_:
du-plicate, implicit, complex; through Fr., ply, reply, display,
triplet; replica (Ital.).
=plumbum=, _lead_: plumbago; through Fr., plumb, plummet, plunge.
=plūs= (plūr-), _more_: plus, plural, plu-perfect, surplus (Fr.).
=poena=, _punishment_; =pūni-o= (pūnīt-), _I punish_: through Fr.,
penal, penalty, pain, punitive, impunity, punish.
=pōno= (pŏsit-), _I place_: post-pone, deponent, posit, opposite,
expositor, depositary; through Fr., posture, position, post, compost,
compound.
=pŏpulus=, _people_; =pūblicus=, _of the people_: popular; public,
publish.
=porta=, _gate_; =portus=, _harbour_; =portāre=, _to carry_: through
Fr., port, porte, portal, porter, import, etc., portly, deportment,
port-cullis, op-portune.
=posse=, _to be able_; =potens= (_able_): potent, potential, possible.
=praeda=, _booty_; =prehendo= (prehens-), _I seize_: predatory,
depredation, prehensile, apprehend, apprentice, prey and prison (Fr.).
=prĕc-āri= (prĕcāt-), _to pray_: precarious, deprecate, pray and
prayer (Fr.).
=prem-o= (prĕss-), _I press_: through Fr., re-prim-and, compress,
print.
=prĕtium=, _price_: through Fr., precious, depreciate, appraise,
price = prize.
=pri-=, _before_--=prior=, _former_; =prīmus=, _first_; =prin-ceps=
(prīncĭp-), _chief_: prior, prime, primal, primitive, principal,
pristine; through (Fr.), primate, primer, premier, primrose, prince,
principle.
=prŏbus=, _good_; =prŏb-o= (prŏbāt-), _I test_: probity, probable,
approve.
=prŏpĕ=, _near_; =proximus=, _nearest_: propinquity, approximate,
approach (Fr.).
=pung-o= (punct-), _I prick_, _pierce_: pungent, puncture, expunge,
compunction; through Fr., punctual, punctuate, point, poignant.
=purus=, _clean_, _pure_; =purg-o= (purgāt-), _cleanse_; =put-o=
(putāt-), _trim_, _reckon_: purify, puritan, purge, am-putate (_am-_
= about), compute, deputy (Fr.).
=Quaer-o= (quaesīt-), _I seek_ [=-quīro= (-quīsīt-) in compounds]:
query, acquire, inquisition, exquisite, quest and inquest (Fr.),
question.
=qualis=, _of what kind_; =quantus=, _how great_: quality, quantity.
=quăti-o=, _I shake_; =-cŭtio= (-cuss-) in compounds: dis-cuss, quash
(Fr.).
=quŏtus=, _what number?_: quota, quotidian (_dies_), quote and
quotient (Fr.).
=Rādix= (rādīc-), _root_: radicle, eradicate, radish and radical
(Fr.).
=răpi-o= (răpt-), _carry off_; =răp-ax= (răpāc-), _grasping_:
rapac-ious, rapt, rapture; through Fr., rapine, ravine, rapid,
ravishing, ravenous.
=rĕg-o= (rect-), =regn-o=, _I rule_, _direct_; =rex=, _king_;
=rēgula=, _a rule_; =rĕg-io=, _district_: reg-ent, regnant, regi-men,
cor-rig-ible, rector, rectitude, di-rect, rectangle, regal, regalia,
regular, region; through Fr., regime, regiment, reign, rectify, dress
(Lat. _di-rect-_), rule (Lat. _rēgula_).
=rēs=, _thing_: through Fr., real, realty, realize, republic; rebus.
=rīd-ere= (_rīs-_), _to laugh_: de-ride, derision, ridi-cule and
ris-ible (Fr.).
=rīpa=, _river bank_: riparian, river (Fr. _rivière_), ar-rive (Fr.).
=rīvus=, _a brook_: rivulet; through Fr., rival, de-rive, derivation.
(For river and arrive see _ripa_).
=rog-o= (rŏgāt-), _I ask_: ar-rogant, ab-rogate, interrogation,
de-rogatory, (Fr.).
=rŏta=, _a wheel_; =rŏt-ula=, dimin.; =rŏt-undus=, _round_: rot-ary,
rotate, rotunda, Fr., roll, rowel, roulette (all from _rotula_),
roué, round.
=rumpĕre=, _to break_; =ruptus=, _broken_: rupture (Fr.), ab-rupt,
e-rupt-ive, dis-ruption, bank-rupt (bank = bench, table of money
changer); through Fr., rout (lit. a division), route and rut (= a
path).
=Săcer= (săcr-), _sacred_; =sacr-āre=, =sanc-īre=, _consecrate_:
sacrifice, sacrilege, sacerdotal, sacrament, de-secration, sanctity,
sanctuary, saint (Fr.).
=sal=, _salt_: salary (_i.e._, salt-money), saliferous; through Fr.,
saline, salad, sauce (= _salsus_, salted).
=săli-o= (sălt-), _I leap_ (-silio, -sult-, in compounds): sali-ent,
re-sili-ent, ex-ultant, saltation, in-sult, de-sultory; through Fr.,
sally, assail, assault.
=salv-us=, _safe_; =sălus= (sălūt-), _health_, _greeting_:
salubrious, salute; through Fr., salvation, salvage, save, salutary,
saviour (Lat. _salvator_).
=sānus=, _sound_; =sān-āre= (sānāt-), _to heal_: sane, sanitary,
sanatorium.
=săpor=, _taste_; =săpi-o=, =săp-ĕre=, _have taste_, _be wise_:
sapi-ent, sapor-ific, in-sip-idity, savour and sage (Fr.).
=satis=, _enough_; =satur=, _full_: satisfy (Fr.), satiate, asset
(Fr.).
=scando= (scans-), _I climb_; =scāla=, _stairs_: a-scend, scale;
scan, e-scalade.
=sci-o=, _I know_; =scĭentia=, _knowledge_; =conscius=, _privy to_:
science (Fr.), nescient, scientific, conscious, prescience (Fr.),
sciolist.
=scrīb-o= (script-), _I write_: scribe (Fr.), scripture, manu-script,
conscription.
=sĕc-o= (sĕct-), _I cut_: secant, sectile, section (Fr.), segment,
bisect.
=sĕde-o= (sĕss-), _I sit_; =as-sĭdeo=, _sit by_: sedentary, sediment,
sedate, sedative, as-siduous, as-sessor, pos-session, subside,
re-sidue (Fr.), supersede.
=sĕnĕx=, _old man_: senile, senior, senate, seignorial (Fr.).
=senti-o= (sēns-), _I feel_: sentient, sentiment; through Fr.,
sentence, sense.
=sĕquor= (sĕcut-), _I follow_; =secundus=, _following_; =secta=,
_a party_, _school_; =socius=, _companion_: con-sequent, sequence,
sequel; through F., obsequies, obsequious, execute, suit, suite,
second, social.
=sĕr-o= (sert-), _I join_, _compose_: series, assert, desert, exert,
insert, concert.
=servo= (servāt-), _I save_: con-serve, conservator, preservation,
conservatory.
=servus=, _a slave_; =serv-īre=, _to serve_: servile, servant,
sergeant, serf, service.
=signum=, _mark_, _sign_; =sign-o= (signāt-), _I mark_, _seal_:
signal, signet, signature, signatory, significant, assign-ment,
re-signation (_a signing back_).
=similis=, _like_; =simul=, _together_; =simul-o= (simulāt-), _I
pretend_: similar and similitude (Fr.), as-similate, simul-taneous,
simulate, assembly (Fr.).
=sōl=, _sun_: solar, sol-stice (= _sol-stit-ium_; _stare_) (Fr.),
para-sol (_par-_, ward off).
=sŏlidus= (and =soldus=), _firm_; also _a gold coin_ (_military
pay_): solidify and solder (Fr.), solidarity (Fr.), consolidate,
con-sols, soldier (Fr.).
=sōlus=, _alone_: through Fr., sole, solitude, solitary, solitaire,
de-solate, solo.
=solv-o= (sŏlūt-), _I loose_, _pay_: solvent, ab-solve, soluble
(Fr.), dis-solute.
=somnus=, =sopor=, _sleep_: in-somnia, somnolence, somn-ambulist,
sopori-fic.
=sŏn-āre=, _to sound_: consonant, sound, sonor-ous, sonnet, per-son,
unison (_unus_).
=sparg-o= (spars-), _I scatter_, _sprinkle_: sparse, di-sperse,
a-spersion.
=spĕci-o= (spect-), _I look_; =su-spici-o= (suspect-), _look up_,
_mistrust_; =species=, _appearance_: speci-men, specious and specify
(Fr.), spectacle and spectre (Fr.), aspect, spectator, despise and
spite (= de-spite) (Fr.).
=spēr-o= (sperāt-), _I hope_: desperate, despair and prosper (Fr.).
=spīr-o= (spirāt-), _I breathe_; =spīrĭtus=, _breath_: a-spirant,
inspire, conspiracy.
=stāre= (stăt-), =sĭst-ĕre=, _stand_; =stătu-o=, _I set_: di-stant,
extant, substance (Fr.), station, stable, insist, obstacle and
e-stablish (Fr.); state and statue (Fr.), statute, rest (=
remainder), armi-stice and sol-stice (Fr.).
=stern-ĕre= (strāt-), _to spread_, _extend_, _cover_; consternation,
prostrate, stratum, stratify, street (through Ang. Sax.).
=string-o= (strĭct-), _I draw together_: stringent, strain and strait
(Fr.), strict, stricture, district, stress (Fr.).
=strŭ-ĕre= (struct-), _to build_: con-struct, structure, construe,
destroy (Fr.).
=sūm-o= (sumps-), _I take_, _use_; =sumptus=, _expense_: as-sume,
sumptuous.
=super=, _above_; =super-āre=, _to overcome_; =supremus=, =summus=,
_topmost_: superb (Fr.), superior, supernal, insuperable, supremacy,
sum and summit.
=surg-o= (surrect-), _I rise_ (see _rĕgo_): through Fr., in-surgent,
surge = source, resource, resurrect.
=Tag-= (_touch_)--=tang-o= (tact-), _I touch_, =in-tĕger=, _whole_:
tangent, con-tingent, tangible, con-tag-ion, intact, disintegration,
contiguous, tact (Fr.).
=tĕg-o= (tect-), _I cover_: tegmen, tegument, protective.
=tempt-o= (temptāt-), _I try_, _test_: at-tempt (Fr.), temptation,
tentative (Fr.).
=tempus= (tempor-), _time_; =temper-o= (temperāt-), _I regulate_;
=tempes-tas=, _season_: temporal, temporize (Fr.), tense (n; Fr.),
temper (Fr.), tempest (Fr.).
=tend-o= (tent-, tens-), _stretch_; =tenuis=, _thin_: tendency,
extent, intend, tense (adj.), tension, attend, pretence, ostentation,
tenuity, extenuate.
=tĕne-o= (tent-), _I hold_: per-tinent, tenable (Fr.), tenet, tenant
(Fr.), sus-tenance, tenor, abs-tain (Fr.), detention, continue and
retinue (Fr.).
=ter-o= (trīt-), _rub_, _wear away_; =tribul-āre=, _to afflict_:
trite, attrition, detriment, contrite, tribulation.
=terra=, _land_: terrestrial; through F., terrace, in-ter, tureen,
territory.
=testis=, _a witness_; =testor= (testāt-), _I bear witness_: testify
(Fr.), testimony, attest, detest, testament, testator.
=tex-o= (text-), _I weave_: text (Fr.), texture, textile, pretext and
tissue (Fr.).
=tōrque-o= (tŏrt-), _I twist_: torment and torture (Fr.), tortuous,
contort, extortionate, torch and tortoise (Fr.).
=trăh-o= (tract-), _I draw_; =tract-o= (tractāt-), _I handle_:
sub-trahend, tract, tractable, abs-tract; through Fr., trait,
por-tray, re-treat, train, trail.
=trēs=, =tria=, _three_: trinity (Fr.), ternary, ter-centenary,
triangle, tri-dent.
=trĭbu-ĕre=, _to give_, _pay_; =trĭbūtum=, _payment_: at-tribute,
re-tributive, tribute.
=tueri= (tuit-), _to see_, _watch_: tuition, in-tuitive, tutor,
tutelage, tutelary.
=tŭm-ēre=, _to swell_; =tuber=, _swelling_: tumid, tubercle,
protuberant.
=Ultra=, _beyond_: =ultimus=, _farthest_: outrage (Fr.), ulterior,
ultimate.
=und-o= (undāt-), _overflow_: ab-undant, abound (Fr.), inundate.
=ungu-o= (unct-), _I anoint_: unguent = ointment (Fr.), unction,
unctuous.
=ūnus=, _one_: unit, union (Fr.), unite, unique (Fr.), uni-son
(_sonus_, sound).
=ūt-ī=, _to use_; =usus=, _use_; =utilis=, _useful_: utensil (Fr.),
usury (Fr.), utility.
=Vād-o= (vās-), _I go_: invade, evasion, pervasive, vade mēcum (lit.
_go with me_).
=văle-o=, _am strong_; valid, valour, value, convalesce, prevail.
=vānus=, _empty_: through Fr., vain, vanish, vaunt.
=vĕh-o= (vĕct-), _I carry_: vehicle, vehement, in-veigh and invective
(Fr.).
=vĕll-o= (vuls-), _I pluck_, _tear_: con-vulse, convulsive,
divulsion, revulsion.
=vēlum=, _cover_, _veil_; =vēl-o= (vēlāt-), _I cover_: (Fr.),
re-veal, revelation, unveil.
=vĕni-o= (vĕnt-), _I come_: con-vene, convenient, intervention;
through Fr., con-vent, covenant, venture, re-venue.
=verbum=, _word_: verbal, verb (Fr.), verbose, verbiage (Fr.),
proverb.
=vert-o= (vers-), _I turn_: version, adverse, versatile.
=vērus=, _true_; =vērax=, _truthful_: veracious; very, verify, aver,
verdict.
=vĭa=, _way_: de-vious, deviate, trivial (Fr.), impervious; through
Fr., convey.
=vĭcis=, _alternation_: vicarious, vicar (Fr.), vicissitude,
vice-regal.
=vĭde-o= (vīs-), _I see_; =vīs-o= (visit-), _go to see_: e-vident,
provident, prudent, visage and vision (Fr.), invidious = envious
(Fr.), visual (Fr.), visitation.
=vĭge-o=, _am vigorous_; vigour, vigil (Fr.), vegetate.
=vĭnc-o= (vĭct-), _I conquer_: convince, invincible and vanquish
(Fr.), victor.
=vir=, _man_; =virtus=, _worth_, _valour_: virile and virtue (Fr.),
virago, trium-vir.
=vita=, _life_; =vīvus=, _living_: vital, vivid, vivacity, vivify
(Fr.).
=vŏco= (vŏcāt-), _I call_; =vox= (vōc-), _voice_: ad-vocate,
vocation, revoke (Fr.).
=vŏl-o=, _am willing_: bene-volent, voluntary, volunteer (Fr.),
volition.
=volv-o= (vŏlūt-), _I roll_; =vōlumen=, _a roll_: de-volve, voluble
(Fr.), evolution.
=vŏr-o=, _I swallow up_: de-vour (Fr.), voracious, carni-vorous.
=vŏve-o= (vōt-), _I vow_: vote (Fr.), votive, votary, devotion,
devout (Fr.).
=vulgus=, _the people_: vulgar, divulge, vulgate.
GREEK ROOT-WORDS AND DERIVATIVES.
To Greek, also, English is indebted for a considerable number of
words, especially in the language of science and medicine; for the
ancient physicians were commonly Greeks. Since the great revival
of Greek studies in England in the 16th Century, Greek literature
and art have exerted an enormous influence upon English thought and
literature.
=Agō=, _I lead_: strat-egy.
=a-dam-as= (= in-dom-itable), _steel_: adamant, diamond (= Fr.
_diamant_).
=aēr=, _air_: air (Fr.), aerial, aerate.
=athlos=, _a contest_: athlete.
=aesthēsis=, _perception_, _feeling_: aesthetic, an-aesthesia.
=akouō=, _I hear_: acoustics.
=akros=, _top_: acro-bat, acropolis.
=allos=, _other_: allo-path, par-allel.
=anemos=, _wind_: anemometer.
=angelos=, _messenger_: angel, ev-angel.
=anthropos=, _man_: anthropoid, anthropology, mis-anthrope.
=arktos=, _a bear_: arctic, antarctic.
=archē=, _beginning_, _rule_; =arch-=, (prefix), _chief_: archetype,
an-archy, archangel.
=aster=, =astron=, _a star_: asterisk, astrology, dis-aster (Fr.),
astral (Lat.).
=autos=, _self_: auto-crat, auto-graph, auto-matic, auto-nomy.
=Ball-o=, _I throw_; =bolē=, _throwing_: dia-bol-ical, hyper-bole.
=bapto=, _dip_: baptise.
=barus=, _heavy_; =baros=, _weight_: barytone, barograph, barometer.
=basis=, _a going_, _foundation_: base (Fr.), basis, basement.
=biblion= (dimin. of =biblos=), _book_; bible, biblio-graphy,
biblio-mania.
=bios=, _life_: amphi-bious, bio-logy.
=botane=, _herbage_, _a plant_: botany.
=bronchos=, _windpipe_: bronchial.
=Character=, _a mark_: character.
=cheir=, _hand_: chiro-graphy, chiro-mancy, chiro-pod-ist,
chir-urgeon.
=chīlio-= (_e.g._ =chilio-pous=), _thousand_: kilo-gramme and
kilo-metre (Fr.).
=chlōros=, _green_: chlorate, chlorine.
=cholē=, _bile_: choler, melancholy.
=choros=, _a dance in a ring_, _chorus_: chorus, choral, choir (Fr.).
=chriō=, _anoint_: Christ, chrism (holy oil).
=chronos=, _time_: chronic, chronicle, chronometer, ana-chronism.
=Daimōn=, _divinity_, _spirit_: demoniac.
=deka=, _ten_: decade, deca-logue.
=demos=, _the people_: demo-crat, dem-agogue, epi-demic.
=derma= (dermat-), _skin_: epi-dermis, hypo-dermic, pachy-dermatous.
=despotēs=, _lord_: despotic, despotism.
=diaita=, _mode of living_: diet (Fr.).
=diskos=, _quoit_: disc, dish and desk.
=dogma=, =doxa=, _opinion_: dogma, dogmatic, heterodox.
=dosis=, _a giving_; =dotos=, _given_: dose, anti-dote, an-ec-dot-al.
=draō=, _I do_: dra-ma, drastic.
=dromos=, _running_: dromedary, hippo-drome, aero-drome.
=dunamis=, _power_, _force_: dynamic.
=Eidos=, _form_; =eidōlon=, _image_; =idea=, _form_, _look_ (all from
=id-=, see): ideograph, idol, kal-eido-scope.
=eikōn=, _image_: icon, iconoclast.
=electron=, _amber_: electric, electrify.
=ergon=, _work_; =en-ergeia=, _energy_: organ-ize, en-ergetic,
metall-urgy.
=ethnos=, _nation_: ethnic, ethnology.
=eu=, _well_; as a prefix: eucharist, euphony, euphemism, ev-angel.
=Gamos=, _marriage_: mono-gamous.
=gaster= (gastr-), _stomach_: gastric.
=gen-=, _beget_--=genos=, _race_; =genesis=, _origin_: genea-logy,
genesis, genetic.
=gē=, _the earth_: ge-o-graphy, ge-o-logy, ge-o-metric.
=glōssa= (=glōtta=), _tongue_: glossary, glottis, epiglottis,
poly-glot.
=gnō-sis=, _knowledge_: gnome, gnostic.
=gōnia=, _angle_: diagonal, pentagon.
=grapho=, _write_; =gramma=, _writing_: graphic, epi-graphy, grammar.
=gumnos=, _naked_; =gumnazo=, _I exercise_: gymnasium, gymnastic.
=gunē= (gunaiko-), _a woman_: gyn-archy, gynaeco-logy, miso-gynist.
=Haima= (haimato-), _blood_: hemal, hematite, hemorrhage, an-aemia.
=hairesis=, _a taking_: heresy (Fr.).
=heteros=, _other_: hetero-dox, hetero-geneous.
=hex=, _six_: hex-agon, hexameter.
=hēlios=, _sun_: heliacal, peri-helion.
=hēmera=, _day_: ep-hemeral.
=hieros=, _sacred_; =hiereus=, _priest_: hierarchy, hieratic,
hiero-glyph.
=hippos=, _horse_: hippo-drome.
=historeō=, _I enquire_: history (shortened in) story.
=(h)odos=, _way_: ex-odus, epis-ode, met-hod, peri-od.
=homos=, _same_; =homoi-os=, _like_: homo-centric, homo-geneous,
hom-ily (_ilē_, throng), homoeo-pathic.
=(h)orizo=, _define_, _bound_: horizon.
=hudōr=, _water_; hydrant, hydr-aulic, hydro-gen.
=Idios=, _private_, _peculiar_; =idiōtēs=, _private person_: idiom,
idiot.
=ion=, _violet_; =iōdēs=, _dark-colored_: iodide, iodine.
=isos=, _equal_: iso-sceles, iso-thermal.
=Kakos=, _bad_: cacography, cacophony.
=kalos=, _beautiful_: calligraphy, callis-thenics (_sthenos_,
strength).
=kaluptō=, =kruptō=, _I conceal_: apo-calypse, eu-calyptus, crypt.
=kaustos=, _burnt_; =kautērion=, _a branding_: caustic, cautery,
cauterize.
=kīneō=, _I move_; =kīnētikos=, _for moving_: kinetics, kinematics.
=kosmos=, _order_, _ornament_, _universe_: cosmetic, cosmic,
cosmo-gony.
=krateō=, _am strong_, _rule_: auto-crat, demo-cracy, aristo-crat.
=kri-=, _to separate_; =krisis=, _a separating_, _deciding_: crisis,
critic.
=kuklos=, _wheel_: cycle, cyclic, cyclone.
=Lab-=, _take_; =lēpsis=, _a taking_: syl-lable, epi-lepsy,
cataleptic.
=legō=, _I pick out_, _say_; =lexis=, _speech_; =logos=, _discourse_,
_reason_: ec-lectic (_ek_, out of), lexi-con, dialect, logic.
=leipō= (lĭp-), _I leave_: el-lipsis, ec-lipse.
=lithos=, _stone_: lithia, lithograph.
=luō=, _I loose_; =lusis=, _a loosing_: ana-lyze, dia-lysis,
paralytic, (palsy is a contraction of paralysis).
=Mania=, _madness_: mania, maniac, Anglo-mania.
=math-=, _learn_; =mathēma=, _learning_: mathematics, philo-math,
poly-math.
=martus= (martur-), _a witness_: martyr.
=mega= (megal-), _large_; as a prefix: mega-cephalous (_kephalē_,
head), megalithic, megaphone.
=melas= (melan-), _black_: melancholy.
=melos=, _song_: mel-ody (_ōdē_).
=metron=, _a measure_: metre, symmetry, diameter, geometric.
=mēchanē=, Lat. _māchina_: mechanic, mechanism.
=mikros=, _small_: microbe (_bios_), micro-cosm, micro-scope.
=mīseo=, _I hate_: misanthrope.
=mnē-mon-euō=, _I remember_: mnē-monics, a-mnē-sty (_a_ = not).
=monos=, _alone_, _one_: monad, mon-arch, monk (Ang. Sax.),
monastery, monopoly.
=morphē=, _shape_: a-morphous, morph-ology, meta-morphose.
=mousa=, _muse_: music, museum.
=mūthos=, _a tale_, _legend_: myth.
=Naus=, _a ship_: nausea, nautilus, aëro-naut (_nautēs_, sailor.)
=nekros=, _dead_: necro-polis.
=neuron=, _cord_, _nerve_: neural, neur-algia (_algos_, pain),
neuritis.
=nomos=, _a law_: eco-nomy (_oikos_), astro-nomy, anti-nomian.
=Ōdē=, _a song_: ode, hymnody, parody.
=oikos=, =oikia=, _house_; =oikēsis=, _inhabiting_, _dwelling_:
eco-nomy (Lat. _oeconomia_), di-ocese (= _di-oikesis_), parish
(_paroikia_, Fr. _par-oisse_).
=onoma= (=onuma=), _name_: syn-onym.
=op-=, _see_; =optika=, _pertaining to sight_; =oph-thalmos=, _eye_:
op-tics, optician, syn-opsis, synoptic, my-opia.
=organon=, _an instrument_: organic.
=orthos=, _right_, _straight_: ortho-doxy, ortho-graphy.
=osteon=, _a bone_: oste-itis, osteo-pathy.
=oxus=, _sharp_: oxy-gen, oxy-tone, par-oxysm.
=Pais= (paid-), _a child_; =paideia=, _training_, _learning_:
ped-agogue, pedant.
=pan= (pant-, pas-), _all_: pan-acea (_akos_, remedy), pan-oply,
(_hopla_, arms), pan-orama (_(h)oraō_, see).
=păthos=, _suffering_, _feeling_: pathology, pathetic, sympathy.
=pauo=, _I stop_; =pausis=, _cessation_ (Lat. _pausa_): pause and
pose.
=pente=, _five_: pent-agon, pentameter, penta-teuch (_teuchos_,
book), Pente-cost [_pentecostē_ = fiftieth (day)].
=petra=, _a rock_; =petros=, _a stone_: petrify and pier (Fr.),
Peter, petrology, petroleum, petrescent.
=plassō=, _I mould_, _fashion_: plastic, plasm, proto-plasm
(_prōtos_, first).
=pleura=, _a rib_: pleurisy, pleuritic.
=plēgē=, =plēxis=, _a blow_, _stroke_: plague (Lat. _plāga_),
apoplexy, pleximeter.
=pneuma=, _air_; =pneumon=, _lungs_: pneumatic, pneumonia,
pneumatomer.
=poieō=, _I make_: poet (Lat. _poēta_).
=polis=, _a city_; =polītēs=, _citizen_; =politeia=, _government_:
metro-polis, polity, politic, police.
=polus=, _many_, poly-gon.
=pous= (pod-), _a foot_: poly-pus, polyp, antipodes.
=praktos=, _done_: practice.
=prōtōs=, _first_: prot-agonist, protomartyr, prototype, protoplasm.
=pur=, _fire_: pyre, pyrites, pyro-latry (= worship), pyrotechnics.
=pōleō=, _I sell_: biblio-pole, mono-poly.
=phagein=, _to eat_: sarcophagus (_sarx_, flesh).
=phainō= (phan-, phēn-, phas-), _I show_: phan-tom, phan-tasm,
phant-asy = fancy (Fr.), phen-omenon, phase.
=pherō=, _I bear_; =phora=, _a carrying_: peri-pher-y, meta-phor,
phos-phorus (_phōs_), sema-phore, (_sēma_, sign).
=phēmi=, _I say_: eu-phem-ism, blas-pheme (_blapsis_, injury),
pro-phet.
=philos=, _dear_, _friend_: phil-tre, philo-sophy.
=phōnē=, _a sound_: phonic, phonetic, phono-graph, eu-phony,
caco-phony, sym-phony.
=phōs= (phōt-), _light_: phos-phor, photo-graph, photometer.
=phrasis=, _speech_: phrase, peri-phrasis, para-phrase, phraseology.
=phrēn=, _the midriff_, _mind_: frenzy and frantic (Fr.), phrenology.
=phusis=, _nature_; =phuton=, _a plant_: physi-cal, physics,
physi-o-logy, meta-physics, neo-phyte.
=Rheō=, _flow_; =rheuma=, _a flow_; =rhuthmos=, _regular motion_:
cata-rrh, rheumatic, rhythm.
=rhētor=, _orator_: rhetoric, rhetorician.
=Sarx= (sark-), _flesh_: sarcasm.
=sitos=, _food_: para-site.
=skopeo=, =skept-omai=, _look at_, _consider_; =skop-os=, _watcher_,
_mark_, _aim_: scep-tical, scope, hor-o-scope (_hōrā_, season),
epi-scop-al, bishop [_epi-scop-os_].
=sophos=, _wise_: sophist, philosophy.
=stă-=, _stand_; =sta-sis=, _a placing_; =statos=, _placed_:
ec-sta-sy, sy-ste-m (_sun_, together), static, hydro-statics,
apo-state.
=stellō= (stol-), _I send_: apo-stle (= _apostolos_; _apo_, away),
epi-stle.
=stichos=, _a line_: di-stich, hemi-stich.
=stratos=, _army_: stratagem, strategy.
=strophē=, _a turning_: strophic, anti-strophe, apo-strophe,
catastrophe.
=sphaira=, _a ball_: sphere, atmo-sphere.
=schizō=, _split_: schism, schist.
=schole=, _leisure_, _school_: scholastic.
=Tax-is=, _arrangement_; =tak-tos=, _ordered_: syn-tax, taxi-dermist.
=taphos=, _a tomb_: epi-taph (_epi_, upon).
=temno=, _I cut_; =tomē-=, =tom-os=, _a cutting_: ana-tomy, tome
(Fr.), a-tom.
=technē=, _art_: tech-nic, technology.
=tele=, _afar_: tele-phone.
=theos=, _God_: theism, theo-cracy.
=thermos=, _hot_: thermal, isothermal, thermo-meter, thermo-dynamics.
=the-=, _place_; =thesis=, _a placing_; =thema=, _proposition_;
=thē-kē=, _case_, _chest_: thesis, theme, hypo-thesis, epi-thet,
ana-thema.
=topos=, _a place_: topic, topography, u-topia, (u = _ou_,
not--_i.e._, land of No-place).
=toxicon=, _poison_: toxin, anti-toxin, intoxicate.
=Zēlos=, _emulation_: through Fr., zeal.
=zōon=, _animal_: zo-diac (_zōdion_, dimin.), zo-ology.
WORDS, PHRASES AND NOTEWORTHY SAYINGS.
From the Greek, Latin and Modern Languages.
_A bas_ (Fr.). Down, down with.
_ab initio_ (L.). From the beginning.
_ab ovo_ (L.). From the egg, from the beginning.
_ad captandum vulgus_ (L.). To attract or please the rabble.
_ad infinitum_ (L.). To infinity.
_ad libitum_ (L.). At pleasure.
_ad nauseam_ (L.). To disgust or satiety.
_ad rem_ (L.). To the purpose, or point.
_ad valorem_ (L). According to the value.
_aequo animo_ (L.). With an equable mind, with equanimity.
_affaire d' amour_ (F.). A love affair.
_affaire d'honneur_ (F.). An affair of honor; a duel.
_affaire du coeur_ (Fr.). An affair of the heart.
_a fortiori_ (L.). With stronger reason.
_à la mode_ (Fr.). According to the custom or fashion.
_alter ego_ (L.). My other self.
_alma mater_ (L.). Gracious mother; the college of which one is a
graduate.
_amende honorable_ (Fr.). Satisfactory apology; reparation.
_amor patriae_ (L.). Love of country.
_amour propre_ (Fr.). Self-love; vanity.
_anno domini_ (L.). In the year of our Lord.
_ante meridiem_ (L.). Before noon.
_a posteriori_ (L.). Reasoning from effect to cause.
_a priori_ (L.). Reasoning from cause to effect.
_apropos_ (Fr.). Suited to the occasion.
_argumentum ad hominem_ (L.). An argument to the individual man,
_i.e._, to his interests and prejudices.
_ars est celare artem_ (L.). It is true art to conceal art.
_ars longa, vita brevis_ (L.). Art is long, life is short.
_artium magister_ (L.). Master of Arts.
_au contraire_ (Fr.). On the contrary.
_au courant_ (Fr.). Fully acquainted with matters.
_au fait_ (Fr.). Well acquainted with; expert.
_aurea mediocritas_ (L.). The golden or happy mean.
_au revoir_ (Fr.). Adieu until we meet again.
_autant d'hommes, autant d'avis_ (Fr.). So many men, so many minds.
_aut Cæsar aut nullus_ (L.). Either Cæsar or nobody.
_aut vincere aut mori_ (L.). Either to conquer or to die; death or
victory.
_Baccalaureus in artibus_ (L). Bachelor of Arts (B.A.).
_beau ideal_ (Fr.). An ideal beauty.
_beau monde_ (Fr.). The fashionable world.
_bel esprit_ (Fr.). A person of wit or genius; a brilliant mind.
_bête noire_ (Fr.). A black beast; a bugbear.
_bis dat qui cito dat_ (L.). He gives twice who gives quickly.
_bon ami_ (Fr.). Good friend.
_bon jour_ (Fr.). Good day; good morning.
_bon soir_ (Fr.). Good evening.
_Cacoethes loquendi_, _scribendi_ (L.). An itch for speaking, writing.
_carpe diem_ (L.). Enjoy the present day; improve the time.
_carte blanche_ (Fr.). A white card; full power.
_casus belli_ (L.). The occasion or cause of war.
_cela va sans dire_ (Fr.). That goes without saying.
_c'est à dire_ (Fr.). That is to say.
_ceteris paribus_ (L.). Other things being equal.
_chacun à son goût_ (Fr.). Every one to his taste.
_chère amie_ (Fr.). A dear (woman) friend.
_chef d'œuvre_ (Fr.). A masterpiece.
_ci devant_ (Fr.). Formerly; heretofore.
_comme il faut_ (Fr.). As it should be.
_compagnon de voyage_ (Fr.). A travelling companion.
_con amore_ (It.). With love; very earnestly.
_corrigenda_ (L.). Corrections to be made.
_coup d'état_ (Fr.). A sudden decisive blow in politics; a stroke of
policy.
_coup de grace_ (Fr.). A finishing stroke.
_cui bono?_ (L.). For whose advantage? to what end?
_cuisine_ (Fr.). A kitchen; cookery.
_cul de sac_ (Fr.). The bottom of a bag; a place closed at one end.
_cum grano salis_ (L.). With a grain of salt; with some allowance.
_Debut_ (Fr.). First appearance.
_de gustibus non est disputandum_ (L.). There is no disputing about
tastes.
_dei gratiâ_ (L.). By the grace of God.
_de jure_ (L.). From the law; by right.
_de mortuis nil nisi bonum_ (L.). (Say nothing but good of the dead.)
_de novo_ (L.). Anew.
_deo adjuvante_ (L.). God assisting.
_deo gratias_ (L.). Thanks to God.
_Deo volente_ (L.). God willing.
_de profundis_ (L.). Out of the depths.
_dernier ressort_ (Fr.). A last resource.
_desipere in loco_ (L.). To jest or be jolly at the proper time.
_de trop_ (Fr.). Too much or too many; not wanted.
_Dieu et mon droit_ (Fr.). God and my right.
_Dieu vous garde_ (Fr.) God protect you.
_docendo discimus_ (L.). We learn by teaching.
_dolce far niente_ (It.). Sweet doing-nothing; sweet idleness.
_dulce et decorum est pro patriâ mori_ (L.). It is sweet and glorious
to die for one's country.
_dum spiro, spero_ (L.). While I breathe I hope.
_Ecce homo_ (L.). Behold the man!
_édition de luxe_ (Fr.). A splendid and expensive edition of a book.
_élite_ (Fr.). A select body of persons.
_emeritus_ (L.). Retired after long service.
_en avant_ (Fr.). Forward.
_en déshabillé_ (Fr.). In undress.
_en masse_ (Fr.). In a body.
_en rapport_ (Fr.). In harmony; in agreement.
_en route_ (Fr.). On the way.
_en suite_ (Fr.). In company; in a set.
_entente cordiale_ (Fr.). Cordial understanding.
_entreé_ (Fr.). Entry; a side dish.
_entre nous_ (Fr.). Between ourselves.
_e pluribus unum_ (L.). One out of many; one composed of many.
_esprit de corps_ (Fr.). The animating spirit of a collective body,
as a regiment.
_et cetera_ (L.). And the rest.
_et tu, Brute!_ (L.). And thou also, Brutus!
_eureka_ (Gr.). I have found it.
_exceptio probat regulam_ (L.). The exception proves (or tests) the
rule.
_exceptis excipiendis_ (L). The due exceptions being made.
_exempli gratiâ_ (L.). By way of example.
_ex pede Herculem_ (L.). From the foot we recognize him as a
Hercules; we judge of the whole from the specimen.
_experientia docet stultos_ (L.). Experience instructs fools.
_extra muros_ (L.). Beyond the walls.
_ex uno disce omnes_ (L.). From one judge of all the rest.
_Facile princeps_ (L.). Easily pre-eminent; indisputably the first.
_facilis est descensus averni_ (or _averno_) (L.). The descent to
avernus (or hell) is easy.
_fait accompli_ (Fr.). A thing already done.
_faux pas_ (Fr.). A false step.
_festina lente_ (L.). Hasten slowly.
_fiat justitia, ruat cælum_ (L.). Let justice be done though the
heavens should fall.
_fiat lux_ (L.). Let there be light!
_fidei defensor_ (L.). Defender of the faith.
_fide non armis_ (L.). By faith, not by arms.
_fides Punica_ (L.). Punic or Carthaginian faith; treachery.
_fidus Achates_ (L.). Faithful Achates; a true friend.
_finem respice_ (L.). Look to the end.
_finis coronat opus_ (L.). The end crowns the work.
_flagrante delicto_ (L.). In the commission of the crime.
_fortiter in re_ (L.). With firmness in acting.
_fortuna favet fortibus_ (L.). Fortune favors the bold.
_Garçon_ (Fr.). A boy; a waiter.
_gardez bien_ (Fr.). Take good care.
_gaudeamus igitur_ (L.). So let us be joyful.
_Gloria in Excelsis_ (L.). Glory to God in the highest.
_Gloria Patri_ (L.). Glory be to the Father.
_gnothi seauton_ (Gr.). Know thyself.
_grace à Dieu!_ (Fr.). Thanks to God!
_grand merci_ (Fr.). Many thanks.
_Hoi polloi_ (Gr.). The many; the vulgar; the rabble.
_homo sum; humani nihil a me alienum puto_ (L.). I am a man; I count
nothing human indifferent to me.
_honi soit qui mal y pense_ (O. Fr.). Evil be to him who evil thinks.
_hors de combat_ (Fr.). Out of the struggle; disabled.
_humanum est errare_ (L.). To err is human.
_Ibidem_ (L.). At the same place (in a book).
_ich dien_ (Ger.). I serve.
_id est_ (L.). That is; contracted to _i.e._
_impedimenta_ (L.). Baggage.
_imperium in imperio_ (L.). A government or rule within another.
_index expurgatorius_ (L.). A list of prohibited books.
_in esse_ (L.). In being; in actuality.
_in extenso_ (L.). At full length.
_in extremis_ (L.). At the point of death.
_infra dignitatem_ (L.). Below one's dignity.
_in loco parentis_ (L.). In the place of a parent.
_in medias res_ (L.). Into the midst of things.
_in memoriam_ (L.). To the memory of; in memory.
_in perpetuum_ (L.). For ever.
_in posse_ (L.). In possible existence; in possibility.
_in præsenti_ (L.). At the present moment.
_in propria persona_ (L.). In one's own person.
_in re_ (L.). In the matter of.
_in situ_ (L.). In its original situation.
_in statu quo_ (L.). In the former state.
_inter alia_ (L.). Among other things.
_inter nos_ (L.). Between ourselves.
_in toto_ (L.). In the whole; entirely.
_intra muros_ (L.). Within the walls.
_in vino veritas_ (L.). There is truth in wine; wine discloses the
secrets of the breast.
_ipse dixit_ (L.). He himself said it; a dogmatic assertion.
_ipsissima verba_ (L.). The very words.
_ipso facto_ (L.). In the fact itself.
_Jacta est alea_ (L.). The die is cast.
_jeu de mots_ (Fr.). A play on words.
_jeu d'esprit_ (Fr.). A display of wit; a witticism.
_jure divino_ (L.). By divine law.
_juste milieu_ (Fr.). The golden mean.
_Labor omnia vincit_ (L.). Labor conquers everything.
_laissez faire_ (Fr.). Let alone; suffer to have its own way.
_lapsus calami, -- linguae, -- memoriae_ (L.) A slip of the pen,
tongue, memory.
_lares et penates_ (L.). Household gods.
_laudator temporis acti_ (L.). One who praises the past.
_le beau monde_ (Fr.). The fashionable world.
_le jeu n'en vaut pas la chandelle_ (Fr.). The game is not worth the
candle; the object is not worth the trouble.
_lése majesté_ (Fr.). High treason.
_l'homme propose, et Dieu dispose_ (Fr.). Man proposes and God
disposes.
_limæ labor et mora_ (L.). The labour and delay of the file; the slow
and laborious polishing of a literary composition.
_loco citato_ (L.). In the place cited.
_lusus naturæ_ (L.). A sport or freak of nature.
_Ma chère_ (Fr.). My dear (fem.).
_ma foi_ (Fr.). Upon my faith.
_magnum bonum_ (L.). A great good.
_magnum opus_ (L.) A great work.
_mal à propos_ (Fr.). Ill timed.
_mal de mer_ (Fr.). Sea-sickness.
_mal de tête_ (Fr.). Headache.
_mauvaise honte_ (Fr.). False modesty.
_mauvais goût_ (Fr.). Bad taste.
_medio tutissimus ibis_ (L.). In a medium course you will be safest.
_mega biblion, mega kakon_ (Gr.). A great book is a great evil.
_me judice_ (L.). I being judge; in my opinion.
_memento mori_ (L.). Remember death.
_mens sana in corpore sano_ (L.). A sound mind in a sound body.
_menu_ (Fr.). A bill of fare.
_meum et tuum_ (L.). Mine and thine.
_mirabile dictu_, (_visu_) (L.). Wonderful to relate, (to see).
_modus operandi_ (L.). Manner of working.
_mon ami_ (Fr.). My friend (masc.).
_mon cher_ (Fr.). My dear (masc.).
_more suo_ (L.). In his own way.
_multum in parvo_ (L.). Much in little.
_mutatis mutandis_ (L.). The necessary changes being made.
_Necessitas non habet legem_ (L.). Necessity has no law.
_née_ (Fr.). Born; maiden name.
_nemine dissentiente_ (L.). No one dissenting; without a dissenting
voice.
_nemo me impune lacessit_ (L.). No one assails me with impunity.
_ne plus ultra_ (L.). Nothing further; perfection.
_nihil ad rem_ (L.). Nothing to the point.
_nihil quod tetigit non ornavit_ (L.). He touched nothing without
embellishing it.
_nil admirari_ (L.). To be astonished at nothing; not to lose mental
balance.
_nil desperandum_ (L.). There is no reason for despair.
_n'importe_ (Fr.). It matters not.
_noblesse oblige_ (Fr.). Rank imposes obligations.
_nolens volens_ (L.). Willing or unwilling.
_nolle prosequi_ (L.). To abandon prosecution.
_nom de guerre_ (Fr.). A war name; a pseudonym; a pen name.
_nom de plume_ (Fr.). A pen name. (Incorrect for _nom de guerre_.)
_non compos mentis_ (L.). Not of sound mind.
_non omnia possumus omnes_ (L.). We cannot, all of us, do everything.
_non sequitur_ (L.). It does not follow.
_nota bene_ (L.). Mark well.
_Obiit_ (L.). He, or she, died.
_œuvres_ (Fr.). Works.
_omnia vincit amor_ (L.). Love conquers all things.
_on dit_ (Fr.). They say; people say.
_onus probandi_ (L.). The burden of proof.
_ora et labora_ (L.). Pray and work.
_o tempora! o mores!_ (L.). Alas for the times! Alas for the manners!
_otium cum dignitate_ (L.). Ease with dignity.
_Pace_ (L.). Not to give offence to. -- _pace tua_, with your consent.
_palmam qui meruit ferat_ (L.). Let him who has won the palm wear it.
_par excellence_ (Fr.). By way of eminence; preëminently.
_pari passu_ (L.). With equal pace; step for step.
_particeps criminis_ (L.). Accomplice in a crime.
_parvenu_ (Fr.). An upstart.
_passim_ (L.). Everywhere.
_pax vobiscum_ (L.). Peace be with you.
_per capita_ (L.). By the head; on each person.
_per se_ (L.). By itself considered; of itself.
_poeta nascitur, non fit_ (L.). A poet is born, not made.
_pour prendre congé_ (Fr.). To take leave.
_prima facie_ (L.). On the first face; at first sight.
_pro aris et focis_ (L.). For our altars and hearths.
_pro bono publico_ (L.). For the good of the public.
_pro patria_ (L.). For native land.
_protégé_ (Fr.). One protected by another.
_Quantum mutatus ab illo_ (L.). How changed from what he once was.
_quantum sufficit_ (L.). As much as suffices; a sufficient quantity.
_quelque chose_ (Fr.). Something; a trifle.
_quid pro quo_ (L.). Something in return; an equivalent.
_quod erat demonstrandum_ (L.). Which was to be proved.
_quot homines, tot sententiae_ (L.). Many men, many minds.
_Raison d'être_ (Fr.). The reason for a thing's existence.
_rara avis_ (L.). A rare bird.
_recherché_ (Fr.). Choice, elegant.
_reductio ad absurdum_ (L.). Reduction to an absurdity.
_requiescat in pace_ (L.). May he, she, rest in peace.
_resurgam_ (L.). I shall rise again.
_revenons à nos moutons_ (Fr.). Let us return to our sheep; let us
return to our subject.
_ruat cælum_ (L.). Let the heavens fall.
_Sang froid_ (Fr.). Cold blood.
_sans peur et sans reproche_ (Fr.). Without fear and without reproach.
_sans souci_ (Fr.). Without care.
_sartor resartus_ (L.). The tailor patched or mended.
_sauve qui peut_ (Fr.). Let him save himself who can.
_savoir faire_ (Fr.). The knowing how to act; tact.
_séance_ (Fr.). A sitting.
_semper idem;--paratus_ (L.). Always the same, always ready.
_sic semper tyrannis_ (L.). Ever so to tyrants.
_sic transit gloria mundi_ (L.). Thus passes away the glory of this
world.
_similia similibus curantur_ (L.). Like things are cured by like.
_si monumentum quæris, circumspice_ (L.). If you seek his monument,
look around you.
_sine die_ (L.). Without a day being appointed.
_sine qua non_ (L.). An indispensable condition.
_sola nobilitas virtus_ (L.). Virtue the only nobility.
_spero meliora_ (L.). I hope for better things.
_splendide mendax_ (L.). Nobly untruthful; untrue for a good object.
_sponte suâ_ (L.). Of one's own accord.
_suaviter in modo, fortiter in re_ (L.). Gentle in manner, resolute
in deed.
_sub judice_ (L.). Under consideration (by the court).
_sub rosa_ (L.). Under the rose, privately.
_sub voce_ (L.). Under such or such a word.
_sui generis_ (L.). Of its own peculiar kind.
_summum bonum_ (L.). The chief good.
_suum cuique_ (L.). Let everyone have his own; honor to whom honor is
due.
_Tant mieux; tant pis_ (Fr.). So much the better; so much the worse.
_tempora mutantur, nos et mutamur in illis_ (L.). Times change, and
we with them.
_tempus fugit_ (L.). Time flies.
_tenax propositi_ (L.). Tenacious of purpose.
_terra firma_ (L.). Solid earth.
_terra incognita_ (L.). An unknown country.
_tête-à-tête_ (Fr.). Face to face; in close conversation.
_to kalon_ (Gr.). The beautiful.
_toujours prêt_ (Fr.). Always ready.
_tour de force_ (Fr.). A feat of strength or skill.
_tout-à-fait_ (Fr.). Wholly; entirely.
_tout ensemble_ (Fr.). The whole taken together.
_Ubi bene, ibi patria_ (L.). Where it is well, there is one's country.
_Ultima Thule_ (L.). The utmost boundary or limit.
_un fait accompli_ (Fr.). An accomplished fact.
_ut infra; ut supra_ (L.). As below; as above.
_Vade mecum_ (L.). Go with me; a constant companion.
_vae victis_ (L.). Woe to the vanquished.
_veni, vidi, vici_ (L.). I came, I saw, I conquered (Caesar's laconic
message to the senate when he overcame Pharnaces, king of Pontus.)
_verbatim et literatim_ (L.). Word for word and letter for letter.
_verbum sat sapienti_ (L.) A word is enough for a wise man.
_vérité sans peur_ (Fr.). Truth without fear.
_via media_ (L.). A middle course.
_vĭcĕ_ (L.). In the place of.
_vice versa_ (L.). The terms being exchanged.
_videlicet_ (L.). To wit, namely (viz.).
_vi et armis_ (L.). By force of arms.
_vincit omnia veritas_ (L.). Truth conquers all things.
_vis à vis_ (Fr.). Facing.
_viva voce_ (L). By the living voice; orally.
_vive le roi_ (Fr.). Long live the king.
_voila_ (Fr.). Behold; there is; there are.
_vox et præterea nihil_ (L.). A voice, and nothing more; sound but no
sense.
_vox populi, vox Dei_ (L.). The voice of the people is the voice of
God.
_vulgo_ (L.). Commonly.
_Zeitgeist_ (Ger.). The spirit of the times.
ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS IN COMMON USE.
_a_ or _@_.--At.
_A.B._--Bachelor of Arts.
_Abp._--Archbishop.
_a/c._ or _acct._--Account.
_A.D._ (_L. Anno Domini_).--In the year of our Lord.
_A.D.C._--Aide-de-camp.
_Adj._--Adjective.
_Adjt._--Adjutant.
Ad lib., or _Ad libit._ (_L. Ad libitum._)--At pleasure.
_Adm._--Admiral.
_Adv._--Adverb; Advocate.
_Advp._ or _avoir._--Avoirdupois.
_Advt._--Advertisement.
_Ae._ or _Aet._ (_L. aetatis_).--Of age; aged.
_A.F. & A.M._--Ancient Free and Accepted Masons.
_Ala._--Alabama.
_Ald._--Alderman.
_Alg._--Algebra.
_Alta._--Alberta.
_A.M._--(_L. ante meridiem_), before Noon. Master of Arts.
_Amt._--Amount.
_Anon._--Anonymous.
_Ans._--Answer.
_A.O.U.W._-- Ancient Order of United Workmen.
_Ap._ or _Apr._-- April.
_A.R.A._--Associate of the Royal Academy.
_Arith._--Arithmetic.
_Ariz._--Arizona.
_Ark._--Arkansas.
_A.S._ or _Ang. Sax._--Anglo-Saxon.
_Asst._--Assistant.
_Astron._--Astronomy.
_Atty._, _Atty. Gen._--Attorney; Attorney General.
_Aug._--August.
_Ave._--Avenue.
_b._--born.
_B.A._--Bachelor of Arts.
_Bal._--Balance.
_Balt._--Baltimore.
_Bart._ or _Bt._--Baronet.
_B.A.Sc._--Bachelor of Applied Science.
_Bbl._ or _bbl._--Barrel.
_B.C._--Before Christ. British Columbia.
_B.C.L._--Bachelor of Civil Law.
_B.D._--Bachelor of Divinity.
_Bk._, _Bkk._--Book; Books.
_B.LL._--Bachelor of Laws.
_B.M._--Bachelor of Medicine.
_B. Mus._--Bachelor of Music.
_Bot._--Botany.
_Bp._--Bishop.
_B. Paed._--Bachelor of Pedagogy.
_Brig. Gen._--Brigadier General.
_Brit._--Britain; British.
_Bro(s)._--Brother(s).
_B.Sc._--Bachelor of Science.
_Bt._--Bought.
_Bu._ or _bu._--Bushel.
_C. Cap._ (_L. Caput._).-- Ch., chap., chapter.
_C.A._--Chartered accountant.
_Cal._--California.
_Can._--Canada.
_Capt._--Captain.
_C.B._--Cape Breton. Commander of the Bath.
_C.C._--County Clerk. County Commissioner. Church Clerk.
_C.E._--Civil Engineer.
_C._ or _Cent._--Hundred.
_Cf._ or _cf._ (_L. confer_).--Compare.
_Chem._--Chemistry.
_Cin._--Cincinnati.
_C.J._--Chief Justice.
_C.M._--Common meter.
_C.M.G._--Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George.
_C.N.R.(O.)_--Canadian Northern Railway (of Ontario).
_Co._--Company. County.
_c/o._--In care of.
_C.O.D._--Cash (or collect) on delivery.
_Col._--Colonel.
_Coll._--College.
_Colo._--Colorado.
_Comp._--Compound.
_Conn._ or _Ct._--Connecticut.
_Conj._--Conjunction.
_Con._ (_L. contra_).--Against; in opposition.
_Cor._--Corner. Corinthians.
_Corp._--Corporal.
_Cor. Sec._--Corresponding Secretary.
_C.P.R._--Canadian Pacific Railway.
_Cr._--Credit. Creditor.
_Ct(s)._ Cent(s). Connecticut.
_Cur._ or _Curt._--Current; this month.
_Cwt._--Hundredweight.
_d._--Penny or pence. Died.
_D._--Five hundred.
_D.A.G._--Deputy Adjutant General.
_Dak._--Dakota.
_D.C._--District of Columbia.
_D.C.L._--Doctor of Civil Law.
_D.D._--Doctor of Divinity.
_D.D.S._--Doctor of Dental Surgery. Doctor of Dental Science.
_Dec._--December.
_Deg._--Degree.
_Del._--Delaware.
_Dep._--Deputy.
_Dept._--Department.
_Dis._ or _Disct._--Discount.
_Dist._--District.
_D.Mus._--Doctor of Music.
_Do._ (_Ital. ditto_).--The same.
_Dol._, _Dols._, _$._--Dollar(s).
_Doz._--Dozen.
_Dr._--Debtor. Doctor. Drachm.
_D.Paed._--Doctor of Pedagogy.
_D.R.A._--Dominion Rifle Association.
_D.Sc._--Doctor of Science.
_D.V._ (_L. Deo volente_).--God willing.
_D.V.S._--Doctor of Veterinary Science.
_12 mo._--Duodecimo (folded in 12).
_Dwt._--Pennyweight.
_E._--East, eastern.
_ea._--each.
_Ed._--Editor; edition.
_Edin._--Edinburgh.
_Edwardus Rex_ (King Edward).
_E.E._--Electrical Engineer.
_e.g._ (_L. exempli gratia_).--For example.
_E.I._--East Indies.
_Emp._--Emperor; Empress.
_Eng._--England; English.
_Esq._ or _Esqr._--Esquire.
_et al._ (_L. et alii_)--And others.
_etc._ or _&c._ (_L. et cetera_).--And the rest; and so forth.
_Ex(x)._--Example(s).
_Exec. Com._--Executive Committee.
_E._ and _O.E._--Errors and omissions excepted.
_F._, _Fahr._--Fahrenheit.
_Feb._--February.
_Fig._--Figure. Figurative.
_Fla._--Florida.
_F.O.B._--Free on board.
_Fr._--Franc. France. French.
_F.R.A.S._--Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society.
_F.R.C.P._--Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.
_F.R.C.S._--Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons.
_F.R.G.S._--Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.
_F.R.S._--Fellow of the Royal Society.
_F.R.S.C._--Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.
_Fri._--Friday.
_Ft._--Foot.
_Fut._--Future.
_Ga._--Georgia.
_Gal._--Gallon.
_G.B._--Great Britain.
_G.C.M._--Greatest common measure.
_Gen(l)._--General.
_Geog._--Geography.
_Geol._--Geology.
_Geom._--Geometry.
_G.R._ (_L. Georgius Rex_).--King George V.
_G.R. et I._--George, King and Emperor.
_Ger._--German, Germany.
_Gov._--Governor.
_G.M._--Grand Master.
_G.P.O._--General Post Office.
_Gr._--Greek, Gross. Grain.
_gr._--Gramme.
_H.B.C._--Hudson's Bay Company.
_H.B.M._--His (Her) Britannic Majesty.
_Hdkf._--Handkerchief.
_Hf. bd._--Half-bound.
_Hhd._--Hogshead.
_H.I.H._--His (Her) Imperial Highness.
_Hist._--History.
_H.M.S._--His majesty's service, or ship.
_Hon._--Honorable.
_H.P._ or _h.p._--Horse power.
_H.R.H._--His (Her) Royal Highness.
_I._--Island.
_Ia._--Iowa.
_Ib._ or _Ibid._ (_L. ibidem_).--In the same place.
_Id._--the same.
_i.e._ (_L. id est_).--That is.
_I.H.S._ (originally _Gr. Iēs_(ous); usually looked upon as standing
for Jesus, hominum Salvator). _Jesus_, Saviour of men.
_Ill._--Illinois.
_In._--Inch(es).
_Incog._ (_Ital. Incognito_).--Unknown.
_Ind._--Indiana.
_Inst._--Instant; the present month.
_Int._--Interest.
_Introd._--Introduction.
_I.O.F._--Independent Order of Foresters.
_I.O.G.T._--Independent Order of Good Templars.
_I.O.O.F._--Independent Order of Oddfellows.
_I.O.U._--I owe you; an acknowledgement for money.
_Isl._--Island.
_Ital._--Italic; Italian.
_J._--Judge, Justice. _JJ._--Justices.
_Jam._--Jamaica.
_Jan._--January.
_J.C._--Jesus Christ.
_J.H.S._--See I.H.S.
_J.P._--Justice of the Peace.
_Jr._, _Jun._--Junior.
_Kan._--Kansas.
_K.C._--King's Counsel.
_K.C.B._--Knight Commander of the Bath.
_K.C.M.G._--Knight Commander of St. Michael and St. George.
_Ken._ or _Ky._--Kentucky.
_K.G._--Knight of the Garter.
_Kilog._--Kilogramme.
_Kilom._--Kilometre.
_K.L.H._--Knight of the Legion of Honour.
_K.M._--Knight of Malta.
_Knt._ or _Kt._--Knight.
_K.P._--Knight of St. Patrick.
_K.T._--Knight of the Thistle. Knight Templar.
_L._--Fifty. Lake.
_L._, _l._ or _£_ (_L. libra_).--Pound or pounds (sterling).
_La._--Louisiana.
_Lat._--Latin. Latitude.
_L._, _lb._--Pound (weight).
_l.c._ (_L. loco citato_).--In the place quoted. Lower case.
_L.D.S._--Licentiate of Dental Surgery.
_Lex._--Lexicon.
_L.I._--Long Island.
_Lib._ (_L. liber_).--Book. Liberal.
_Lieut._--Lieutenant.
_Lieut. Col._--Lieutenant Colonel.
_LL.B._--Bachelor of Laws. (_LL._ is written because the word is
plural.)
_LL.D._--Doctor of Laws.
_L.M._--Long Metre.
_loc cit._--see l.c.
_Lon(g)._--Longitude.
_L.S._--Place of the seal.
_L.S.D._ (_L. Libræ, Solidi, Denarii_).--Pounds, shillings, pence.
_Lt._--see Lieut.
_Ltd._--Limited.
_M._--(_L. mille_), thousand. (_L. meridies_), noon. Mile.
_M._ (_Fr. Monsieur_).--Sir.
_m._--metre, minute.
_M.A._--Master of Arts.
_Ma._ or _Minn._--Minnesota.
_Maj._--Major.
_Man._--Manitoba.
_Mar._--March.
_Mass._--Massachusetts.
_Math._--Mathematics.
_Max._--Maximum.
_M.B._--Bachelor of Medicine.
_Mch._--March.
_M.D._--Doctor of Medicine.
_Md._--Maryland.
_Mdlle._ or _Mlle._--Mademoiselle.
_Mdse._--Merchandise.
_M.E._--Mining, Military, Mechanical Engineer. Methodist Episcopal.
_Me._--Maine.
_Mem(o)._--Memorandum or memoranda.
_Messrs._ or _MM._--Messieurs, Gentlemen.
_Mex._--Mexico.
_Mfg._--Manufacturing.
_Mfr._--Manufacturer.
_Mgr._--Monsignor. Manager.
_Mich._--Michigan.
_Mil. Acad._--Military Academy.
_Min._--Minute.
_Minn._--See _Ma._
_Miss._--Mississippi.
_M.L.A._--Member of the Legislative Assembly.
_mm._--Millimetres.
_Mme._--Madame.
_Mo(s)._--Month(s). Missouri.
_Mon._--Monday. Montana.
_M.P._--Member of Parliament.
_M.P.P._--Member of Provincial Parliament.
_Mr._--Master (pronounced Mister).
_M.R.C.P._--Member of the Royal College of Physicians.
_M.R.C.S._--Member of the Royal College of Surgeons.
_Mrs._--Mistress.
_MS(S)._--Manuscript(s).
_Mt._--Mount; Mountain.
_Mus. B(ach)._--Bachelor of Music.
_Mus. D(oc)._--Doctor of Music.
_N._--Noon. North. Number, Noun, Neuter.
_N.A._--North America.
_N.B._--New Brunswick; (_L. Nota Bene_), note well, take notice.
_N.C._--North Carolina.
_N.D(ak)._--North Dakota.
_N.E._--New England. North-east.
_Neb._--Nebraska.
_Nem. con._ (_L. nemine contradicente_)--No one contradicting;
unanimously.
_Nem. Dis._ (_L. nemine dissentiente_)--No one dissenting.
_Net._, _Nett._--Free from all deductions.
_Neut._--Neuter.
_Nev._--Nevada.
_New Test._, _N.T._--New Testament.
_N.F._, _Nfd._--Newfoundland.
_N.H._--New Hampshire.
_N.J._--New Jersey.
_N. Lat._--North Latitude.
_N. M(ex)._--New Mexico.
_N.N.E._--North North-East.
_No._ (_L. numero_).--Number.
_Nom._--Nominative.
_Nov._--November.
_N.P._--Notary Public.
_N.S._--Nova Scotia. New style.
_N.S.W._--New South Wales.
_N.W.M.P._--North-West Mounted Police.
_N.Y._--New York.
_O._--Ohio.
_Ob._ (_L. obiit_).--He (she) died.
_Obt._--obedient.
_Oct._--October.
_O.H.M.S._--On His Majesty's Service.
_O.K._--"All correct."
_Old Test._, _O.T._--Old Testament.
_O.T._--Oklahoma Territory.
_Ont._--Ontario.
_Ore._--Oregon.
_Oz._--ounce.
_P._, _p._, _pp._--Page; pages; participle.
_Pa._--Pennsylvania.
_Par._--Paragraph.
_Parl._--Parliament.
_Pay't._--Payment.
_P.C._--Police Constable. Privy Council.
_Pd._--Paid.
_P.E.I._--Prince Edward Island.
_Penn._--See _Pa._
_Per an._ (_L._ _Per annum_).--By the year.
_Per ct._ or _cent._--By the hundred.
_Phar._--Pharmacy.
_Ph.D._--Doctor of Philosophy.
_Phm. B._--Bachelor of Pharmacy.
_Pk._--Peck.
_Pkg(s)._--Package(s).
_Pl._, _Plur._--Place. Plural.
_P.M._ (_L. Post Meridiem_).--afternoon. Post Master. Past Master.
Police Magistrate.
_P.M.G._--Postmaster-general.
_P.O._--Post office.
_P.O.O._--Post office order.
_Pop._--Population.
_P.P._--Parish Priest.
_P.P.C._ (_Fr._ _Pour prendre congé_).--To take leave.
_P.Q._--Province of Quebec.
_Pres._--President.
_Prin._--Principal.
_Prof._--Professor.
_pr(s)._--Pair(s).
_Pro tem._ (_L._ _Pro tempore_).--For the time being.
_Prox._ (_L._ _proximo_).--Next, or of the next month.
_P.S._ (_L._ _post scriptum_).--Postscript.
_Pt._--Part. Pint. Point. Port.
_Pte._--Private.
_P.T.O._--Please turn over.
_Pub._--Publisher.
_Pwt._--See Dwt.
_Q._--Query; question.
_Q.E.D._ (_L._ _Quod erat demonstrandum_).--Which was to be proved.
_Q.E.F._ (_L._ _quod erat faciendum_).--Which was to be done.
_Q.M._--Quarter-master.
_Q.M.G._--Quarter-master-general.
_Qr._--Quarter. Quire.
_Qt._--Quart.
_Qto._--Quarto; folded in four.
_Qu._--See _Q._
_Que._--Quebec.
_Q.V._ (_L._ _quod vide_).--Which see.
_R._ (_L._ _recipe_)--Take.
_R._ (_L._ _Rex_; _regina_).--King; Queen.
_R._--River. Rod. Rood.
_R.A._--Royal Academy or Academician. Royal Artillery. Rear Admiral.
_R.C._--Roman Catholic.
_R.C.P._--Royal College of Physicians.
_R.D._--Rural Dean.
_R.E._--Royal Engineers.
_Rec'd._--Received.
_Rec. Sec._--Recording Secretary.
_Rem._--Remarks.
_Rev(d)._--Reverend.
_R.G.S._--Royal Geographical Society.
_R.I._--Rhode Island.
_R.I.P._ (_L._ _requiescat in pace_).--May he (she) rest in peace.
_R.M._--Royal Mail.
_R.N._--Royal Navy.
_R.S.V.P._ (_Fr._ _Répondez s'il vous plait_).--Answer, if you please.
_Rt. Hon._--Right Honorable.
_R.W._--Right Worthy.
_R.W.G.M._--Right Worshipful Grand Master.
_Ry._--Railway.
_S._--Saint. South. Sunday. Sun.
_s._--Second or seconds. Shilling.
_S.A._--South America. South Australia. South Africa.
_Sask._--Saskatchewan.
_Sat._--Saturday.
_S.C._--South Carolina.
_Sc._ (_L._ _scilicet_).--To wit; namely.
_Scot._--Scotland.
_S.D(ak)._--South Dakota.
_S.E._--South-east.
_Sec._, _Secy._--Secretary.
_Sen._, _Senr._, _Sr._--Senior.
_Sept._--September.
_Serg._, _Sergt._--Sergeant.
_S.G._--Solicitor General.
_Shak._--Shakespeare.
_S.J._--Society of Jesus.
_Soc._, _Socy._--Society.
_Sig._ (_L._ _Sigillum_).--Seal.
_S. Lat._--South latitude.
_S.M._--Short meter.
_Sol. Gen._--See S.G.
_Sov(s)._--Sovereign(s).
_S.P.C.A._--Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
_Sp. gr._--Specific gravity.
_Sq._, _Square._--Sq. ft., in., m., yd(s) = square foot (feet),
inch(es), mile(s), yard(s).
_Sr._--Senior.
_SS._--Saints.
_S.S._--Sunday (Sabbath) School.
_S.S._--Steamship.
_S.S.E._--South-south-east.
_St._--Saint. Street. Strait.
_Ste._ _Sainte._--A woman saint.
_S.T.D._--Doctor of Sacred Theology.
_Ster._, _stg._--Sterling.
_Str._--Steamer. Street.
_Sun._--Sunday.
_Supt._--Superintendent.
_Surg._--Surgeon.
_Surv. Gen._--Surveyor General.
_s.v._ (_L._ _sub voce_)--Under the word.
_S.W._--South-west.
_Syn._--Synonym.
_T._, _Ter._--Territory.
_Tel._--Telegram. Telephone.
_Tenn._--Tennessee.
_Tex._--Texas.
_Th._, _Thurs._--Thursday.
_T.O._--Turn Over.
_Tp._--Township.
_Tr._--Transpose.
_Treas._--Treasurer.
_T.T.L._--To take leave.
_Tu._, _Tues._--Tuesday.
_U.K._--United Kingdom.
_Ult._ (_L._ _ultimo_)--Last, of the last month.
_Unit._--Unitarian.
_Univ._--University.
_U.S.A._--United States of America. United States Army.
_U.S.N._--United States Navy.
_V._ (_L._ _vide_).--See.
_Vs._ (_L._ _versus_).--Against.
_V.A._--Vice-Admiral.
_Va._--Virginia.
_Vb._--Verb.
_V.C._--Vice-Chancellor. Vice-Consul. Victoria Cross.
_Ven._--Venerable.
_Vet._--Veterinary.
_V.G._--Vicar-General.
_v.g._ (_L._ _verbi gratia_).--For example.
_Vice-Pres._, _V.P._--Vice-President.
_vid._ (_vide_).--See.
_Vis(c)._--Viscount.
_viz._ (_L._ _videlicet_).--To wit; namely.
_Vol._--Volume.
_vs._--See _V._
_V.S._--Veterinary Surgeon.
_Vt._--Vermont.
_Vul(g)._--Vulgate (Latin version of the Bible).
_W._--West.
_W.A._--West Australia.
_Wash._--Washington.
_Wed._--Wednesday.
_w.f._--Wrong font (of type).
_Wis._--Wisconsin.
_W.I._--West Indies.
_Whf._--Wharf.
_W. Long._--West longitude.
_W.S.W._--West-south-west.
_Wt._--Weight.
_W. Va._--West Virginia.
_Wyo._--Wyoming.
_X_. _Xt._--Christ.
_Xmas._--Christmas.
_yd._--Yard.
_Ye._--The.
_Y.M.C.A._--Young Men's Christian Association.
_Y.W.C.A._--Young Women's Christian Association.
_Yrs._--Years. Yours.
_Zool._--Zoology.
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=.
Breves and macrons are accurately represented (ă ĕ ā ē etc). Letter e
with a dot above is represented by ė. Letters a and u with a diaeresis
underneath are shown as a̤ ṳ (using Unicode combining diacritical).
Obvious punctuation errors have been corrected after careful
comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation
of external sources.
Except for those changes noted below, all misspelling in the text, and
inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.
Pg 42. '--un' replaced by 'un--'.
Pg 53. 'an add' replaced by 'and add'.
Pg 55. 'easier' is out of order, but has not been moved.
Pg 71. 'un ' replaced by 'un-- '.
Pg 88. 'always, ' inserted before 'a̤l´wāys'.
Pg 88. 'length, ' inserted before 'len_g_´th'.
Pg 88. 'orphan, ' inserted before 'or´-phan'.
Pg 88. 'several, ' inserted before 'sev´ėr-al'.
Pg 144. 'brethren, ' inserted before 'breTH´-_ren_'.
Pg 144. 'cemetery, ' inserted before 'cem´-ē-ter-y'.
Pg 144. 'February, ' inserted before 'Feb´rṳ-a-ry'.
Pg 144. 'history, ' inserted before 'his´-to-ry'.
Pg 144. 'pumpkin, ' inserted before 'pum_p_´-kin'.
Pg 150. ' e' replaced by ' --e'.
Pg 169. 'suppliant' replaced by 'supplicant'.
Pg 181. 'carabine' replaced by 'carbine'.
Pg 213. 'innalienable' replaced by 'inalienable'.
Pg 237. 'Cincinatti' replaced by 'Cincinnati'.
Pg 240. 'Oklohama' replaced by 'Oklahoma'.
Pg 241. 'Pa.' replaced by 'See _Pa._'.
*** End of this LibraryBlog Digital Book "The Alberta Public School Speller - Authorized by the Minister of Education for Alberta" ***
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