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Title: From Convent to Conflict - A Nun's Account of the Invasion of Belgium
Author: Antoine, Sister Marie
Language: English
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FROM CONVENT TO CONFLICT
Or
A Nun’S Account of the Invasion of Belgium
by
SISTER M. ANTONIA
Convent des Filles de Marie, Willebroeck,
Province of Antwerp,
Belgium
[Illustration]
John Murphy Company
Publishers
200 W Lombard St. Baltimore, Md
Copyright 1916 by
John Murphy Company
Press of John Murphy Company, Baltimore
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction
The publication of this little volume has for its object a better
understanding of actual conditions, immediately following the invasion
of a hostile army. The hope is indulged that the harrowing scenes
witnessed by the author in Belgium, after the German invasion in 1914,
may induce our own countrymen and women to more fully appreciate the
blessings of peace. The events narrated are set forth as actually
occurring, and—“with malice to none, with charity for all.”
Any profits derived from its favorable reception by the reading public
or the charitably inclined are to be devoted to the reconstruction and
repair of our school and convent, damaged during the engagement at the
Fortress of Willebroeck, or for the establishment of a sewing school,
with a lace-making department, for young women in America or England, as
our Reverend Superiors may decide.
Any assistance in this charitable work will be gratefully appreciated by
the author and her scattered community in Belgium, England and Holland.
SISTER M. ANTONIA.
Skaneateles, New York,
April 3rd, 1916.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Letter of Introduction
La Supérieure du Couvent des Filles de Marie a Willebroeck, Province
d’Anvers, en Belgique déclare par la présente que ses soeurs Marie
Antoine et Marie Cecile sont envoyées aux Extats Unis, a fin d’examiner
s’il y aurait noyen d’y établir une colonie de Filles de Marie; elle
donne a Soeur M. Antoine le Pouvoir d’agir en son nom afin de prendre
les mesures nécessaires a cet effet.
SOEUR M. BERCHMANS.
Willebroeck, 29 September, 1914.
Apprové:
D. J. CARD. MERCIER, Arch. de Malines
TRANSLATION.
The Superior of the Convent of the Daughters of Mary, Willebroeck,
Province of Antwerp, Belgium, state by this present (letter) that the
Sisters Mary Antonia and Mary Cecilia are sent to the United States in
order to examine if there are means of establishing a colony (mission)
of the Daughters of Mary there; she gives to Sister M. Antonia the power
to act in her name as to taking the measures necessary to this effect.
SISTER M. BERCHMANS.
Willebroeck, 29 September, 1914.
Approved:
D. J. CARD. MERCIER, Arch. de Malines.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contents
_Page_
INTRODUCTION 3
LETTER OF INTRODUCTION 5
CHAP. I — The Boarding School 9
CHAP. II — Daily School Life 17
CHAP. III — The Parochial School, Convent and
Garden 26
CHAP. IV — The Cloister 38
CHAP. V — The Approaching Storm 46
CHAP. VI — Changes 51
CHAP. VII — War 59
CHAP. VIII — The Carnage of Battle 66
CHAP. IX — The Return of the Army 80
CHAP. X — Anxious Days 90
CHAP. XI — The Flight of the Refugees 98
CHAP. XII — The Results of War 109
CHAP. XIII — Our Departure 116
CHAP. XIV — Arrival in Antwerp 126
CHAP. XV — Extracts from Letters of Our Refugee
Sisters 134
CHAP. XVI — The Exodus to England 142
CHAP. XVII — London and Leeds 150
CHAP. XVIII — The Refugees in England 157
CHAP. XIX — Homeward Bound 174
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER I.
BOARDING SCHOOL IN THE COUVENT DES
FILLES DE MARIE, WILLEBROECK,
PROV. D’ANVERS, BELGIQUE,
JULY, 1914.
A merry group of Convent girls, in charge of Sister guardian, was seated
in the shade of a huge old pear tree, discussing the joys and
expectations of the approaching summer vacation. High are the walls
enclosing this ancient cloister, and many are the gay young hearts
protected and developed within its shady precincts.
Bright are the faces and happy the hearts of more than one hundred young
girls on this midsummer day in the memorable year 1914. They are now
enjoying the morning air in the playground, having just returned from
their usual walk in the garden. The weather is somewhat oppressive; but
as time is precious in boarding school, every one has something to do.
One is crocheting; another is finishing a piece of Irish lace; still
another is reviewing an article in a certain newspaper, as it is her
task to make a summary for that evening’s meeting of the Study Circle.
Joy, unalloyed by the experience of care or sorrow, is written on the
face of every child. It is only one week before the annual distribution
of prizes, the subsequent close of the school year, and a speedy family
reunion.
It is eight o’clock. The sign is given, and instantly a hundred
busy-bodies become still and serious. Not another word is spoken as the
preceptress conducts the long line through the large playroom, over the
small yard, and into the various classrooms.
The young ladies, aged from fifteen to twenty, proceed at once to the
sewing department. This is to them the most important and interesting of
all the rooms; needlework being a predominant feature in the education
of all young Belgian women. After prayer, work begins. Some are cutting
patterns; others are putting pretty lace collars on those suits which
must serve for the reception of diplomas; and a few of the more
diligent, who have completed the term’s work, are now finishing some
lace or embroidery; while a cheery little canary is singing to the
doubtful harmony of twenty sewing machines.
At the desk sits the patient and zealous teacher, Sister M. Alphonse,
assisted in her work by two young novices. She is, perhaps, the most
widely known and respected seamstress in all the province. For years her
gold embroidery has sparkled on flags and banners; for years her
skillful fingers have adorned the vestments that beautified God’s altar
in many churches of the diocese. Sister M. Alphonse knows the secret of
winning the confidence of her pupils, and it is interesting to see how
they crowd around her to reveal their little joys and sorrows and obtain
advice in the various necessities of a long and busy school year.
On leaving the sewing-room, the visitor proceeds to the other
departments. On all sides order and discipline prevail. The
stone-floored halls are spotlessly clean. Pretty mosaic figures attract
the eye and give a quaint appearance to those ancient corridors. The
walls are very high, the rooms spacious, the windows long and broad,
thus capable of admitting an abundance of air, light and sunshine. The
wooden floors of the classrooms are often scrubbed and strewn with fine
white sand from the seashore.
Sad is the lot of any poor child who might have the misfortune to upset
an inkstand. You would find her on her knees rubbing the stain with soap
and scraping it with a piece of glass until every vestige of ink
disappears. If you tell her to be more careful in future, she will
laughingly reply: “Schuren is toch zoo aangenaam” (scrubbing is so
pleasant).
In passing from one room to another, one notices the zeal and energy of
both pupils and teachers. So busy are they, and so diligently are the
hours employed, that the long school day, from eight o’clock in the
morning until seven in the evening, fleets quickly away. The desks are
stiff, and hard, and heavy; but no one complains. The young Belgian
women are devoted to their country and its customs; and if one were told
that in another country more comfortable desks were provided, she would
answer candidly, “Wij blijven liever in ons vaderland” (We would rather
remain in our _own_ country.)
The climate of Belgium is temperate, though more inclined to be cool
than warm. The ground is very moist in some places. Never have we
experienced the extremes of heat and cold found in America. Very heavy
rains, accompanied by lightning and deafening peals of thunder, occur in
the summer. There is little snow in the winter. In some parts of the
country the grass is emerald green all year long. Rosebuds are seen on
the bushes in January, and sometimes the trees are budding in February.
The stoves in Belgium are far inferior to those in America. Kitchen
ranges are not used to bake bread. Those who do not possess stone or
steam ovens, are obliged to buy bread daily at the baker’s.
When accustomed to the cool, invigorating climate of Belgium, a great
contrast is experienced in visiting America, and one feels more or less
in danger of suffocation during a journey in an overheated railroad car,
or a few hours spent in the rooms of our American homes.
Most of the people in Belgium are early risers; and if, by chance, you
happen to visit any of her cities at dawn of day, you will find her
churches full to overflowing with zealous Christians, who, like their
time-honored forefathers, offer the first fruits of the day to God, the
giver of every good. The churches are numerous, large and beautiful, and
multitudes of worshipers are in daily attendance. Men and women of the
higher class attired in robes of broadcloth; poor peasant women, with
little shawls or kerchiefs covering their heads and shoulders;
blue-eyed, fair-faced children, and the aged; whose bent forms and
tottering steps show that they are nearing the end of life’s journey;
all assemble in the early morning seeking mercy, peace and comfort at
the Throne of Grace. We can imagine the effect of this morning’s
devotion, especially consoling to the poor, who, in their heavy
“blokken” (wooden shoes) toil, day in and day out, all year long, for a
small compensation, insufficient for the comfort of their families.
As are the parents, so are the children; particularly in the
boarding-school, where the rules and regulations necessitate strict
discipline. Shortly before or after five o’clock in the morning, every
child is up, unless some one is ill, who, for the time, is excused from
rising. After dressing, a sign is given and all descend in strict
silence to the chapel for morning prayer and the holy sacrifice of the
Mass. After morning devotions they go to the refectory, where a
bounteous supply of “botterham” (bread and butter) and strong coffee is
served. Breakfast is eaten in silence, except on special festivals.
Needless to say that a great amount of tact is necessary on the part of
the monitor to keep one hundred little tongues within their ivory walls
until the signal is given to go to the playground.
Here we found them at the beginning of our narrative; here we shall find
them again at half-past nine, at twelve, after four-o’clock lunch, and
after supper; in the summer evenings. In winter the time of recreation
is spent in the reception hall of the boarding-school. At eight o’clock
the school day ends, and all advance in strict silence to the
dormitories to enjoy the peaceful slumber which health and youth
affords.
The dormitories are four in number. Each child has a separate alcove.
Several Sisters are in attendance during the night. In case of illness,
a child is immediately removed to another apartment.
To these general rules and regulations there are exceptions on Sundays
and special festivals during the year. On those days special devotional
exercises take place in the morning, the afternoon being assigned to the
practicing of hymns and sacred music. When the weather is fine, the
recesses are longer, and pleasant walks may be enjoyed in the garden.
One Sunday in the month, called “Visiting Day,” is at the disposal of
parents and visitors, who are permitted to call upon the children.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER II.
DAILY SCHOOL LIFE.
Every Tuesday afternoon, from one until about four o’clock, all the
boarders, except the little ones, dressed in full uniform, go forth for
a long walk with their teachers. They usually visit churches, shrines,
or places of particular interest, thus developing the spiritual, mental
and physical powers of the body.
The uniform is quite becoming and attractive. It consists of a neat
black dress, without showy trimmings or ornaments, black shoes and
stockings, black hat, black silk gloves and necktie, with white sailor
collar and cuffs. Sometimes white blouses, with straw hats, white silk
neckties and gloves are worn. The hair is simply combed back, a part
being taken up and fastened with a black or white bow, while the rest is
braided and fastened again with a bow to match the necktie and gloves.
A silver chain, bearing the medal of the Immaculate Conception, is worn
by all those belonging to the “Congregation of the Children of Mary.”
For what might seem monotonous in this manner of dress, we find
sufficient variation in the blond locks, naturally curling around the
forehead, the plump, rosy cheeks, the sparkling eyes and smiling faces
of these gay and guileless children.
The uniform is not permitted to be of costly fabric, as it must be in
accordance with the means of every pupil. It is the distinguishing mark
of the institution to which the child belongs, and claims for her a
certain respect not due to those dressed in gaudy, striking,
many-colored garb, so often affected by girls and young ladies.
One of the principal and most beneficial results noticeable from the use
of the uniform suit in the boarding-school is that it destroys the great
inclination on the part of one pupil to surpass another in dress and
personal adornment, thus preventing vanity and arrogance in the one, and
removing the cause of envy, jealousy and distraction in the other.
What teacher has not remarked, in the ordinary classroom, the scornful
glance on the face of a haughty child, as she regards her poorer
neighbor’s cheap dress, and who has not noticed the seeds of envy
sprouting up in the heart of some poor little creature, so deeply
wounded by the conduct of her affluent companion? There she sits, and,
instead of diligently studying her lesson, that sensitive little soul is
complaining against the All-Wise Providence, which has given to her
neighbor more than to her. Alas! when that child returns home after
school, poor mother must suffer. Her daughter begins to annoy and worry,
tease and complain, until mother also feels the pangs of jealousy; and,
falling into error, denies herself some household necessity in order to
satisfy her discontented child. There are many mothers in the world at
present who are real slaves to the caprices of their daughters in
matters of dress. A pretty uniform in all common day schools would
prevent a great deal of this annoyance to mothers, pupils and teachers.
Nearly every year since the opening of the sewing and household schools
an exposition is held for about two weeks, in which all suits, lace,
embroidery, painting, mending of clothing, and all other articles made
by the boarders are exhibited.
Written invitations are sent out to the families and friends of the
Sisters and children. Only those who have received such invitations are
allowed to visit the exposition.
It sometimes occurs that a dramatic performance is given by the boarders
as an entertainment, wherein the play represents an event of particular
religious or historical interest. In this case, also, only those invited
are permitted to be present.
Most interesting entertainments, provided by the Convent for the
boarding-school, are the stereopticon views, with lectures given by the
Reverend Professors of the College of Boom, in which are represented and
discussed all the important scenes in and on the route to the Holy Land
by those who have actually visited the scenes and secured the views
themselves.
Another object of great interest is the “Play of the Birds,” presented
by a French Gentleman, when requested by the Superiors, for the pleasure
and instruction of the pupils. There are several cages of birds of the
smaller kinds. These birds are exactly trained, and, being perfectly
obedient to their master, perform a series of exquisite feats, which
leave a lasting impression on the memory. But the lesson which is
intended to be impressed upon the minds of the pupils is the result
which can be obtained from even the unreasoning creatures around us, by
the unceasing, unwavering influence of a loving, gentle, patient and
persevering character.
When the children had entered the classroom in the morning, the monitor
stood for a moment and glanced around to see if the yard was in order.
Her eye fell upon a paper forgotten by one of the pupils. She opened it
and saw the portraits of the murdered Crown Prince and his noble
consort, of Austria-Hungary, little recking the awful import of that
heinous crime to her own fair country.
Was it the heat, or was it the harbinger of coming woe? A feeling of
sadness so seldom experienced in the life of a zealous religious took
possession of the Sister and carried her for the moment beyond her
Convent walls, far away to the battlefield of life, where Pride,
Ambition and Materialism, like unto monstrous autocrats, wage war
against the human race. A moment she pauses while her heart exclaims,
“Sursum Corda” (Lift up the hearts).
“One day in Thy house, O Lord, is better than thousands in the dwellings
of sinners.”
She glanced around the yard and went slowly to her room.
From the window could be seen the sunny, cloudless sky, the trees laden
with ripening fruit, and far away those fertile, well-tilled fields in
which, perhaps, there never had been raised before, a more plentiful or
luxuriant crop of wheat and barley. Who could have ever thought that
within a few short weeks that same, sunny sky would be raining
death-dealing bombs upon the innocent inhabitants of a peace-loving
nation, while her crops, over-ripe for the harvest, were being trampled
under foot and her plains and meadows deluged in a sea of blood?
How strange, how incomprehensible does it not appear to those whose
lives are spent in the abode of sanctity, to witness this ignoble
strife, this worship of mammon, the rise and fall of the victims of
Ambition, along the path of glory leading to the grave? All the wealth
of the world cannot obtain for them the precious pearl of peace, or the
tranquillity of mind possessed by the poorest day laborer in the humble
performance of his allotted task.
Peace is a hidden manna, unknown to the selfish lover of the world, in
whose heart rages perpetual war.
On the outer page of a child’s copy book, I observed an illustration
which depicted in a very simple manner the progress of selfish Ambition
as it is found today in every class of society. In the corner of the
page sat a big black spider, intent on catching a little fly which had
lit on a blade of grass. Just above was a greedy little bird, ready to
grasp the spider. At a short distance a vicious-looking old cat crouched
in the grass, ready to spring at the bird. A dog, prowling along the
street, seeing the cat, showed his long teeth and would have sprung at
the cat, had not a little boy approached and begun to worry the dog. In
the distance appears father, with the “rod of correction” in hand, ready
to punish little Fritz for cruelty to animals.
Thus there is selfish strife in this world of ours, strife from the
cradle to the grave; and no one, however proud, ambitious or arrogant he
may be, who will not, one day, find a master greater than he. Now what
is the object of this never-ending strife? It is simply an insatiable
desire for superiority and self-satisfaction, even if, to obtain the
ends in view, one must trample upon the rights of others.
Having lost original happiness in the fall of Adam, man has been looking
for it ever since; but the great trouble is that many people look for it
in the wrong direction, and seek it where no happiness is to be found.
They think it consists in the acquisition of fame and glory, in the
possession of wealth, or in a life of ease and luxury; but these things
are as transient as the evening twilight, and uncertain as the shadowy
forms portrayed in the river’s depths. The entire lives of many people
are consumed in a fruitless search after the vain and perishable goods
of the earth. Their years glide away like the sands in an hour-glass;
and, finally they sicken, faint and fall, and their end resembles the
pebbles thrown into the ocean, which for a moment ripple the surface and
lose themselves in its waves. The human soul is as a fathomless sea,
which nothing finite can satisfy. “O God!” cried St. Augustine, “Thou
hast made us for Thyself, and our hearts are ever troubled, ever
agitated, until they find rest in Thee.”
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER III.
THE PAROCHIAL SCHOOL, CONVENT
AND GARDEN.
The reverie into which the Sister had fallen was soon interrupted by the
sound of children’s voices in the small playground. Hastily leaving the
room, she went to meet the merry little band of day-scholars who attend
the boarding-school from half-past eight in the morning until six
o’clock in the evening.
Joyfully the little group of twenty gathers around their mistress. One
presents a flower which mother had given; another, a pretty postcard;
yet another shows a toy or picture-book. A chubby little boy is crying
because he has forgotten his new drum; and thus talking, laughing and
crying, they are placed in line and lead away to the cozy little
classroom whose long, broad windows look out upon the garden, which is
ever green, and the rose bushes near the arbor, which bloom the greater
part of the year, and on whose twigs buds were often seen on New Year’s
Day.
During the morning session one rosy-cheeked little girl, with long
yellow curls and an apron as white as snow, stood up by her desk and
said, “Sister, there is war in the newspapers. Papa said so this
morning.” All the little heads turned, curious to hear about the war;
and little Charlie took out his box of soldiers and arranged them in
marching order on the desk. The mistress took advantage of the situation
to teach the older pupils the great value of peace and the reward
promised to the peacemakers; “Blessed are the peacemakers, for they
shall be called the children of God.”
At half-past nine the recess bell rings, and all the pupils proceed once
more to the playground and play tag, or continue their needlework in the
shade of the wide-spreading trees. During certain seasons of the year
all children play “beads,” which is quite similar to a game of marbles.
Happier than a general returning with the spoils of war is the child
who, at the end of the season, can show her companions a string of
large, many-colored beads two or three yards long.
The swing and the rings are the source of great enjoyment for the
children, and not a little care and anxiety to the Sister on guard,
especially if the ripening fruit hangs on a branch within touching range
of the children’s feet.
When it freezes hard in the winter, there being no snow on the ground
and no pond nearer than the large garden, a number of the older pupils
pump water and throw it on the stone pavement of the playground, until
the whole becomes as a sheet of glass; and then the exercise of skating
on wooden shoes begins. Needless to say, there is danger of fracturing
more than the pavement when this play begins.
Sister M. Anastatia has been for about twenty-eight years preceptress in
the boarding-school. She is a small, slight figure, whose very presence
has a kind of magic influence upon all around her. At her entrance and
during her lessons perfect order prevails. Authority and precision,
softened by great kindness of heart, are the distinctive personal traits
of Sister M. Anastatia. She is assisted in her work by several other
Sisters and two lady teachers.
Among the assistants, no one, perhaps, deserves more credit or gratitude
than Sister M. Cecilia, who for more than twenty-five years has directed
the musical exercises of the Convent and Boarding-school.
Showing a natural talent for music in her early childhood, and
possessing a fine voice, her own progress in this art has been
remarkable, and her services inestimable as teacher of music and
directress of the choir. She is assisted in her work by Sister M.
Margarita, one of the younger Sisters of the Community.
The Belgians, like many other European nations, are great lovers of
music. Thus, since a large number of pupils take music lessons, the
monotony of school life is broken by the melody of many instruments and
the sweet harmony of children’s voices.
There is no place where the influence of soft, sweet music is so
effective as in the church or chapel during devotional exercises.
Nowhere are greater pains taken to develop this art as a branch of
education than in the Convent schools, and nowhere are the results
obtained more gratifying.
Sister M. Amelia, the only child of the well-known family Le Duc, of
Mechelen, entered the Convent at the age of sixteen, and having
completed the Normal course in St. Nicholas, took charge of one of the
higher departments in the Boarding-school. She teaches French and
Flemish, also drawing, painting and penmanship. The English and German
languages are taught in the higher departments.
Proceeding from the Boarding-school, the visitor is led around to the
long playground of the Parochial School of Willebroeck. Here between six
and seven hundred girls form the long line which is marching through the
gate of “d’Externat.” Each division is in charge of one or more Sisters,
who conduct the children safely through the street a little beyond the
Post-office. Here the procession breaks up, and the children scatter in
all directions and run on to their homes in the different parts of the
town.
Scarcely have the Sisters finished dinner, when the throng of pupils are
at the gate again, eager for admittance. See them coming from all
directions, and listen to the clatter of their wooden shoes on the stone
pavement! Truly happy in their child-like simplicity, strong, healthy
and active, they are worthy descendants of a sturdy old race. When the
gate is opened, crowds rush into the yard and begin their games of tag,
jump the rope, hide and seek, etc., just as easily in those hard
“blokken” as their next-door neighbors, the “Pensionnaires” (Boarders),
in fine high-heeled shoes.
The continual use of wooden shoes is hurtful to the feet. They hinder
the development of natural gracefulness in walking and cause the feet to
become large and very flat.
Sister M. Stanislas superintends the Parochial School. Though small of
stature and very delicate, she has worked for years in the cause of
education and has become one of the most prominent teachers in the
province. In company with her associates, the assistant teachers, she
attends the conferences, writes articles on education and conference
work, directs the sewing department; in a word, it is greatly due to her
zeal, energy and Christian charity that the Girls’ Catholic School of
Willebroeck has attained as high a standing as the highly paid public
schools of the district.
On leaving “d’Externat” (parochial school) one enters that part of the
garden especially assigned to the use of the Sisters during recreation.
It adjoins the large garden which is at the service of strangers on
Sundays and visiting days. From the main path, in the middle of the
garden, a fine view can be had of that quaint old Convent, some of whose
buildings have stood there over a hundred years. On the right rises the
new school, containing several large classrooms on one side; and on the
other, the bakery, laundry, free sewing and household schools. At a
short distance from the school is the “Gloriette” (arbor), or summer
house, surrounded by a very beautiful collection of rose bushes, then in
full bloom. There are beds also containing many varieties of flowers,
palms and evergreens.
In the distance is seen the Convent chapel, with its small belfry. It
seems so insignificant in comparison with the majestic tower of the old
parish church of Willebroeck, which, probably, has weathered the storms
of centuries.
On the right-hand side of the chapel is found the “Grotto,” or “Shrine
of Our Blessed Lady of Lourdes.” It is here that the children, during
the summer evenings, sing their sweetest hymns; here also that the
Sisters, after a tiresome day’s work, kneel in spirit a few moments at
the feet of their “Holy Mother” and patroness, who gave to the world the
first perfect model of Convent life, when as a child she parted with her
dearly beloved parents, St. Joachim and St. Anna, and entered the Temple
of Jerusalem, where the years of her childhood were passed in work, in
prayer, and in devout communion with the Divine Being, who was “Lord of
the Temple.”
The number of Religious now in the Convent is fifty. They are Sisters of
the Augustinian Order, bearing the name of Filles de Marie (Daughters of
Mary). The Mother House, wherein reside the Superior General, Rev.
Mother M. Berchmans, and Assistant Superior, Rev. Sister M. Gabrielle,
is, and has been for about fifty years, in the town of Willebroeck, in
the Province of Antwerp, Belgium.
In this house all the younger Sisters are received, trained, and make
their profession, which consists in the solemn pronunciation of the
three holy vows of religion.
Many of the younger Sisters complete their normal course for school
teachers during their novitiate.
The mission houses are Thisselt, Blaesvelt, Aertselaar and Bonheyden.
All the Sisters are Belgians, except one.
During the last eighteen years five of the members have celebrated the
golden jubilee, or fiftieth anniversary of their entrance into the
Community. One of these, Rev. Mother M. Magdalena, was the sister of the
late well-known and highly esteemed Bishop of Richmond, Va., Rt. Rev. A.
Van de Vyver, D. D. She entered at the age of eighteen and lived
fifty-seven years in the Convent.
We stood by the death-bed of all these dear old members who had given
the flower and fruit of their long and useful lives to the advance of
education and religion. We observed the peaceful resignation on the
countenance of each dying Sister, and the smile of heavenly joy on her
lips. The death of each one of these was for the Community as the
passing away of a sunbeam. For them it was only a happy transition from
the sorrows of time to the joys of eternity. We gazed on those faces so
pure, so calm, so majestic, even after the spirit had fled, and recalled
the words of Holy Scripture, “Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord,”
and again, “The death of the just is precious in the sight of the Lord.”
Besides the above named, there are a number of Sisters in the Convent
who have already celebrated their “Silver Jubilee,” or twenty-fifth
anniversary of their entrance.
Under the administration of the so-called Liberal party in Belgium, in
the year 1879, the Catholic schools, being deprived of financial
assistance from the Government, were closed.
A new School Law was passed, and the Crucifix and images of the saints
were prohibited in the schools. Many Catholic teachers resigned. The
clergy and rich Catholic families built schools of their own, which were
supported by gifts.
Our Community provided schools for the poor children of Willebroeck, and
furnished the classrooms with desks, books and all necessary supplies.
The eight Sisters who taught received only 2,000 francs per year, which
was less than fifty dollars for each Sister, and the predicament of the
Sisters became more or less alarming. Several prominent gentlemen in the
town, among whom was Mr. Erix, the father of our present Sister M.
Aloisia, went around taking up collections for the pressing necessities
of the Community.
In the year 1866, when the cholera broke out in Willebroeck, three
Sisters went to the hospital; and, without any compensation whatever,
remained with their patients. Later, about the year 1891, the same
disease broke out again. The Liberal Burgomaster, Mr. De Naeyer, being
in great need of assistance, came to the Convent and asked for Sisters
as nurses. Regardless of their past grievances, occasioned by the bitter
opposition of the Liberals to the Catholic schools, eager only to do
good, five strong, able-bodied Sisters, at the request of their
Superior, left the Convent and went to the temporary hospital which had
been hastily erected in the town.
Here they remained day and night, in the midst of death and disease, at
the bedside of their stricken fellow-creatures until the epidemic
ceased. Strange to say, not one of the Sisters contracted the disease,
although numbers of their patients died each day.
Only two of those heroines of charity and self-sacrifice now survive:
Sister M. Theresia and Sister M. Perpetua. These two Sisters, feeble and
aged, were obliged to take flight into Holland last September, but have
now returned, with several others, to their Convent home in Willebroeck.
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CHAPTER IV.
THE CLOISTER.
Proceeding from the little Grotto of Lourdes, where the Sisters kneel in
the evening for their “Drie Wees Gegroeten” (three Hail Marys), one
passes through the large, stone-paved playground, over the small yard,
and enters the corridor leading to the Chapel.
Passing through the yard, we observe the Novitiate on the left. This may
be considered the preparatory school of religious life. Here no one is
received under the age of twenty-one, without full consent of parents or
guardians. Immediately a regular course of training begins, in which the
duties and obligations of religious life are clearly presented. No
applicant is permitted to take the vows who has not voluntarily
responded to the requirements of the Novitiate.
Before taking the vows, every postulant, if not satisfied, is perfectly
free to return to her own home. Thus the obligations which bind one to
religious life are not incurred by entering a Convent or taking the
veil, as some people suppose, but by the solemn and voluntary
pronunciation of the vows, which in our Community may not take place
without special dispensation, in less than a year after receiving the
habit. In the Novitiate a Training Class has been established for those
who intend to teach school. If not already graduates, this course is
usually followed by the novice, who later enters the Normal School.
The experiences of the Novitiate make a life-long impression on the
mind, and are regarded by the religious of more mature years as the
scenes of childhood in the home circle are looked upon by the people of
the world.
On the right of the hall is seen the large folding door leading to the
Community room of the Sisters. This apartment, especially devoted to the
private use of the “professed members,” is never entered by the
worldling, except with special permission from higher authority, and
then only in case of necessity, as, for instance, a workman, for
necessary repairs.
Enter then in spirit this earthly paradise and try, if possible, to
comprehend the charm which permeates it. Here we meet rich and poor, old
and young. They call each other “Sister.” They greet in passing with
these words, “Geloofd Zij Jezus Christus” (Praised Be Jesus Christ), to
atone for the profane use of the sacred Name by the vulgar.
The Sisters are all dressed alike; thus, no vain love of dress, no envy,
no jealousy. They lose no precious time at the dressing table, and no
money is wasted in following the vagaries and follies of every changing
season. Their food is the same (exceptions being made for the sick and
feeble), simple and substantial, neither rich nor dainty. The result is,
as a rule, a measure of health and physical strength unknown in the
circles of society.
The rules and regulations to which they voluntarily subject themselves
relieve them of all care and encumbrance as to the future. Each member
performs her work as faithfully and diligently as possible; and the good
“All Father” provides. They join each other in prayer and in the
recreation. They assist each other in pain, in sickness and sorrow, and
comfort one another in the hour of death.
The work of the members is not the same. Each has a special office or
work to perform.
As the different organs of the body co-operate in preserving life, and
even the smallest screw in the locomotive is necessary to the
accomplishment of its work, so does each member contribute to the
spiritual life and well-being of the Community.
From this place is banished all that makes life miserable for millions
of people. That is, particularly, the great desire of worldly
possession—having, ever having, and never having enough—also, the
ever-increasing desire and search for pleasure, pastime and
self-satisfaction; but finding only pain, chagrin and remorse; that is,
finally, the insatiable desire for freedom from all bonds and fetters
which sanctify the soul and keep the body in restraint; and while thus
seeking liberty, one finds, as a rule, in himself a most cruel tyrant
for master.
The Sisters retire at an appointed hour and arise at the first sound of
the bell. They work faithfully and industriously all day long, all year
long, all their lives.
Their wages are neither gold nor silver. They are the eternal merits
which they know awaits them in a better life. The false and artificial
customs of the world are strangers here. This short and sorrowful life
is looked upon as a pilgrimage in a land of exile, or as the passage of
a train from which the traveler joyfully observes the fleeting objects
along the route, well knowing that every disappearing mile-post reduces
the distance between him and his dearly beloved home.
The Sisterhood is as a garden of many flowers, where the pure white lily
never loses its beauty, where the red rose of love has made place for
the pure white blossom of Christian Charity; and the fragrant little
violet of humility diffuses incense to the angels who ascend and descend
about the Throne of God.
People often condole the Religious closed up within the prison walls of
the Convent and forever deprived of the joys and pleasures of the world.
Little they know that within these same walls the heart is as free as
the flight of the bird, while the soul in solitude is in constant
communion with God, whose Divine Presence is felt in the life that
surrounds her.
She hears His voice in the gentle sigh of the breeze, in the hum of the
bee, in the song of the bird and in the soft murmur of the little
brooklet breaking over the mountainside. His wonderful attributes become
visible to a certain degree in every object around her. She admires His
Divine Providence in the fatherly care which He takes of His creatures.
Even the tiniest insect and the smallest blade of grass show forth the
love, wisdom and the goodness of God.
The soul in solitude, hidden within the Convent walls, admires the
grandeur and glory of God as manifested in the majestic rising and
setting of the sun, and its influence over all nature. God’s beauty is
seen in the color of the clouds and in the ever-varying tints of the
sky. The fragrance of the flowers reminds her of the odor of sanctity
which a Christian should leave in his wake; and if, as sometimes occurs,
one observes anything which mars the beautiful face of Nature or
disturbs the peaceful course of events, it brings to mind the revolting
sight of a soul in sin and the remorse and confusion it must suffer.
The wave on the ocean’s breast; those giant rocks on the shore; the
mountains and little hills; the river flowing on to the sea; the moss
and ferns in the wood; in a word, every object in and around proclaim to
the religious the omnipotence and omnipresence of Him who created them.
The soul detached from the temporal, and seeking only the eternal,
forsakes the creature to find the Creator; and, having found Him, has
found what her heart desired.
What are, then, the pleasures of earth to those who have tasted the
sweetness of Grace; more delicious than the luxuries of a thousand
worlds? They speak no more of the past, since for them a new and happier
life has begun. With eyes and hearts fixed on heaven, they have
forgotten the earth and, enraptured, cry out:
“Laetatus sum in his qui dicta sunt mihi; in domum domini ibimus.” (I
was rejoiced at those things which were said to me: We shall go into the
house of the Lord.)
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CHAPTER V.
THE APPROACHING STORM.
July’s sun sank gently away on the western horizon, and its last rays
lit up the ripening fruit, the plants and flowers in the garden. It
seemed to linger for a last farewell to the groups of merry children
who, unconscious of their fast-approaching woe, were cheerfully singing
Belgium’s well-known national song, “The Proud Flemish Lion.”
In a few moments the “Golden Gate” closed on a field of purple haze,
shutting out that blessed glimpse of heaven, while the black shroud of
the most dismal night in history darkened the sky of that hapless
nation.
The Sisters were together in the evening recreation of that fateful day,
when word was received that King Albert of Belgium, in order to fulfill
his obligations of neutrality, had refused the Kaiser’s army access to
his territory to attack the French. Had a thunderbolt fallen from a
clear sky, or an earthquake shaken the ground under foot, it would
scarcely have surprised or terrorized the people more than did the
Kaiser’s declaration of war against this free and happy little kingdom.
When hostilities broke out between Austria and Servia, while realizing
the possibility of trouble in the country in case of a general war, we
were assured that Belgium, being a neutral nation and having no other
desire than that of possessing her own soil, and living in peace with
all nations, had nothing to fear from war or invasion.
Feeble human insight into the designs of Providence, whose hand has the
power to destroy and rebuild, to crown or dethrone kings and kaisers,
and seal the fate of nations.
It is not our object to discuss the causes of the present European war
from a material point of view, nor do we intend to pass judgment upon
the nations or individuals engaged in it; nevertheless, viewing the
present condition of affairs in Europe from another standpoint, and
drawing conclusions from observation and personal experience, we must
admit that a spiritual warfare had been raging there for several years.
Certainly, God, who is the source of peace, virtue and every good,
should have been permitted to hold sovereign sway in His own kingdom;
that is, in the hearts of His children and in the homesteads of His
people. This right was disregarded in a most ruthless manner for many
years, as is evident from the fact that the word “_God_” and everything
pertaining to God, was expunged from the text-books in some places in
Europe, while it would have been a serious offense for a teacher to
mention His sacred name or anything in connection therewith in the
classroom.
The spirit of atheism and agnosticism contended against the Spirit of
Religion, and as a scourging wind was fast sweeping over the land,
leaving by the wayside thousands of incautious souls bereft of all
ennobling possessions of mind and heart.
The vices and vanities of pagan Rome were reviving before our very eyes
in about the same manner as they had been prevalent over twenty hundred
years ago; and, although idolatrous shrines were not found in the
homesteads, they could easily be found in the hearts of many people.
Modern life in Europe, especially in the large cities, had to a certain
degree, lost its high ideal of perfection, as did the world in the time
of Noah; and, consequently, it does not seem indiscreet to intimate that
the same Supremacy which chastised the world in the great flood, has,
for the same reason, reappeared and become manifest in the deluge of
blood which now inundates the soil of those unhappy nations.
Civilization, wealth, industry and intellect developed in times of peace
and prosperity, so as to reach apparently the limit of effort, have
exhausted their entire resources up to this time to construct means
suitable for destroying themselves.
Now the question has been asked, “Why could not Christianity, after a
period of about twenty hundred years on earth, have prevented this cruel
war and saved the honor of civilization?” The answer is not difficult to
find. Christianity could and would have saved humanity from this
dreadful misfortune had it not been for the fact that her power had been
checked, her authority limited, her work hindered and her ranks weakened
by those heavy storms which, though unable to uproot the Divine
Institution, have impeded her progress and lessened her influence over
the human race.
When the happy day dawns in which the true spirit of Christianity, free
and unfettered, will animate civilization as the soul animates the body,
then, and not till then, will its powerful influence be able to dispel
the shades of darkness in the minds of men, and in the palaces of kings
and kaisers. Then will war cease and the reign of peace and happiness
begin.
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CHAPTER VI.
CHANGES.
When our minds, bewildered by the unexpected course which affairs had
taken, fully comprehended that the country was at war, a feeling of
dismay and terror, never before experienced, took possession of all.
Suitable measures were adopted for the safety of the children under our
care, to whom the usual prizes were distributed on the first Sunday in
August, a week before the ordinary time of vacation. Permission was also
given them to return to their homes the following day. All necessary
preparations were made as quickly as possible, and early next morning
the boarders, accompanied by one or more Sisters, departed in groups to
their homes in the surrounding cities and towns.
The parochial and public schools of the village continued in session for
a few days, as the children were all residents, and no immediate danger
was anticipated.
Subsequently, while the train containing a party of our pupils en route
for Mechelen (Malines) was steaming on at full speed, it was hailed by a
troop of Belgian soldiers, and instantly slackened up. All passengers
were obliged to alight and, with satchels and small baggage in hand, had
to make their way to the city as best they could, a walk of an hour or
more. The soldiers boarded the train, which immediately started off to
another station.
At home the general cleaning and arrangement of the Boarding-school
began, and in a few days the united assistance of strong hands and
willing hearts have accomplished the work, and the Sisters quietly await
developments.
During this time several workmen were busy excavating a cellar in the
yard. On a certain morning the implements remained idly standing by the
wall, as the workmen had been called out to assist in the all-important
work of strengthening the fortification of Willebroeck. This cellar,
half filled with water by the dislodgment of the pipes leading to the
cisterns, became later the receptacle of the bomb which passed through
the chapel, shattering the walls and windows in its course.
One night a great noise in the streets aroused the residents of
Willebroeck. It was the call for several classes of soldiers who were
obliged to rise, pack their kits and depart in a few hours, perhaps
never more to return to their homes or families. Sorrow filled many a
homestead that morning, but it was only a faint shadow of what was yet
to come.
Shortly afterwards it was announced that all the horses were to be
brought to the public market-place in each city and village. Here they
were examined and those unfit rejected. We know not whether any
compensation was given to the owners at this time, although promise was
made to make good the loss sustained at the close of the war. All the
horses which could be of any service had to be given up for the use of
the army. There were some people who gave seven, some nine, and one, we
knew, who gave thirteen or fourteen. Thus, just about the time that the
harvest was ripe in the fields, men and horses had to leave home and go
to meet death on the field of battle. Imagine the plight of women and
children, with every kind of hard work on hand and no one to help. How
happy they were when, as happened occasionally, their poor old horses
were rejected by the officers. Shortly thereafter all the bicycles and
motor cars had to be delivered, and yet neither complaint nor murmur was
heard on the part of the people, who patiently resigned themselves to
the unhappy lot which had befallen them.
The gazettes and daily papers were eagerly read, although little
reliable information could be obtained. Encouraging news in the evening
was usually contradicted in the morning, while reports of the most
terrible atrocities; of men murdered in cold blood; of open and gross
lawlessness and evil conduct, terrorized the peaceful population in the
unprotected towns and villages.
Shortly after the war began letters were received from His Eminence,
Card. Mercier, Archbishop of Malines, requesting the use of the schools
and other locales for a military hospital to be placed at the service of
the Red Cross.
Again a few days of quiet anticipation elapse, like the calm which
precedes a destructive storm; while the Sisters utilize the time in the
unusual occupation of changing the joyful abode of children into a fit
dwelling for death and misery.
The children’s refectory was arranged for the care of wounded officers;
the large reception hall was fitted up for wounded soldiers, also the
three dormitories and several classrooms. One classroom became an office
for chaplain and doctors. Another department became an operating room.
Another was reserved for cases of contagious disease which might occur,
while another room was used as a mortuary.
One Sunday morning, about the middle of August, an unusual tumult was
heard on the street. The door bell was loudly rung, and a messenger
admitted with news that the officers of the Belgian War Department had
commanded everything within firing range of the fortress to be cleared
away at once. For some time previous the soldiers had been busy cutting
down the groves and all the trees in the immediate vicinity of the
fortress. The poor people were given just three hours to get away with
bag and baggage.
Willebroeck, a large village between Antwerp and Brussels, about two
miles from the City of Boom, had increased greatly in population, wealth
and manufacturing during the years of peace and prosperity which had
elapsed since the last war. Thus it happened that stores, dwelling
houses, farm houses, breweries, paper mills and other industries had
been built up, regardless of the fortification near by, whose
grass-covered walls concealed the strong masonry and heavy cannon
within.
This was a terrible misfortune for about six hundred families, whose
dwellings, being located within the limits prescribed, had to be leveled
to the ground. Even the tombstones in the cemetery, together with all
the crops, trees, haystacks, barns and everything within range of the
gaping mouths of the cannon, had to be laid flat or taken away.
No wonder that the people raced to and fro that hot Sunday morning,
carrying bundles, dragging wagons with household furniture and fixtures;
wheeling trunks, clothing, stoves, pictures, bedding and every article
that could be taken up and carried away. Tears and perspiration rolled
over the cheeks of men and women, whose faces glowed from the heat and
intense excitement.
Fortunately, the first message was followed by another whereby the
people were allowed more time to get their personal property in safety
before the work of “burning off” began. Impossible to describe how
bitterly hard it was for these poor people to tear themselves away from
the homes which had cost them so much toil, labor and hardship.
The new Sewing School and laundry, the Parochial School, the Girls’
Public School, the Patronage (Boys’ Catholic School), and all other
large locales received the village refugees. In a short time cows,
horses, chickens, coal, grain, vegetables, furniture and everything that
one can well imagine filled up the schools and gardens. The cattle,
unused to the change and flurry, set up a dreadful howling, which
continued long into the night.
In one schoolroom we had the contents of a grocery store; in another the
costly furniture of one of the richest gentlemen in the town; while
several families took up their abode in the midst of the clothing,
furniture and bedding in the schools. How we all worked that day,
carrying out desks and piling them up in safe places, putting away
books, school utensils—as many as possible in the least possible space.
Every available spot on the ground was utilized, except those rooms
assigned to the private use of the Sisters, and the Boarding-school,
which was reserved for the use of the Red Cross.
The poor people resigned themselves to these changes without complaint
or murmur; and the Sisters, notwithstanding the disorder and confusion
caused by this state of affairs, did all that was possible to assist and
make them comfortable.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER VII.
WAR.
It is only when a common calamity, such as this, threatens not only the
happiness, but also the very existence, of a whole nation, and the
inundating tide of misfortune rises to the very doors of rich and poor,
that the fountains of true Christian Charity spring open and lave with
refreshing draughts the parched lips of the afflicted. The same burden
that one bears on his shoulder is borne in the heart of another, who,
while alleviating the wants of his neighbor, must think of his own
approaching ruin.
In such moments, while the seal of humble submission is stamped on the
sorrow-stricken heart of suffering humanity, the haughty arrogance of
creatures recedes before that resistless Power which shapes the
destinies of men and nations, despite the best-laid plans and
precautions.
The work of “burning off” the houses did not proceed rapidly enough, as
the walls were of stone, and the roofs of tile or slate, and much of the
wooden furniture had been removed, so pulleys, brought into action by
electricity, were adjusted to the walls, and thus these houses, so dear
to the hearts of the people, were actually pulled over upon the ground.
Whole streets had to be leveled and all the residents left without a
shelter. Many of these did not possess the means of providing other
homes. However, the firm hope of final victory and the restoration of
their lost property sustained them in this dark and dreary hour.
In the meantime a most terrible battle was taking place at the
fortification of Liege. Was ever attack so strong, or resistance more
determined? Belgian officers said “The enemy were twenty to one against
us; but, being obliged to face the terrible fires of the fortress, their
ranks were cut down in about the same manner as wheat it cut off by the
reaper.” “So great was the number of the Germans that they seemed to
spring up out of the ground.” “They crawled ahead on hands and feet, and
at a given signal sprang erect and fired, and then again prostrated
themselves. Thus they advanced, avoiding as much as possible the heavy
fires in front.” Another Belgian officer at the fortress during the
battle said: “It resembled a storm of fiery hailstones from a cloud of
smoke, in an atmosphere suffocating with heat and the smell of powder.”
Eyewitnesses relate that heaps of slain, yards high, were found on the
battle field, while columns of lifeless bodies were observed in a
standing position, there being no place for the dead to fall.
A story was told by one of the Belgian officers of a German soldier who,
when wounded by a Belgian in a hand-to-hand combat, took out a coin and
presented it. The Belgian, surprised, exclaimed “Zijt gij zot?” (Are you
crazy?) “Do you not know that I’ve broken your arm?” “Yes,” said the
German, “This is to show my gratitude for the favor you’ve rendered me,
since it gives me the opportunity of leaving the battle field.”
Much was said about the valor of the soldiers on both sides during the
siege of Liege. The Germans were obliged to advance in the face of
destructive fires. If one should retreat, he would be pierced by the
bayonet of the soldier behind him.
Certain it is, whether we observe the Germans as friends or foes, all
must admit that their courage, endurance and military tactics have
surprised the whole world.
Sad it is to think that such manhood, intelligence and bravery is not
trained to love the conquests of peace.
The Belgians, far inferior in number, fought with a valor which clearly
shows the undying love of country and of freedom which has ever been a
distinguishing characteristic of this noble-minded race.
It is not the first time that her fields have been deluged with the
blood of her heroes, in whose honor and memory we find, in the flag of
Belgium, beside the yellow, which signifies the kingdom, a red stripe to
remind her people of the blood shed for freedom, and a black stripe in
mourning for her slain.
While facing death in this first great battle at the fortress of Liege,
one of the soldiers began to sing the well-known national hymn, “The
Proud Flemish Lion.” Immediately the strains were taken up by the whole
regiment, and thus singing, they advanced until hundreds of them fell in
that awful conflict.
In the heaviest of the fray we were told that King Albert had placed
himself in the lines with his soldiers. He did not desire to be called
king, but comrade. His military dress was distinguished from the others
by only a small mark on one of the sleeves. He attended to the
correspondence for his soldiers and was regarded by them as a friend and
father, under whose guidance they were ready to fight and die.
When the siege was over he visited the wounded in many of the hospitals
and addressed each soldier in person.
As I remember, the siege of Liege lasted about two weeks. Finally, the
strong walls of the fortress began to give way, thus demonstrating the
uselessness of the old-time means of protection when obliged to
withstand the shells and bombs of modern siege guns.
The German officers themselves praised the valor of the Belgians. We
were told that the German commander refused to accept the sword from the
Belgian officer, unwilling to submit the latter to this humiliation,
since it was not for want of valor or through any fault of his that the
fort had to be surrendered, but on account of the superior forces of the
enemy and the all-destroying power of his heavy siege guns, some of
which were said to shoot a distance of nearly thirty miles.
Needless to dwell upon the horrors which took place throughout the
length and breadth of the country after the entrance of the enormous
army of the Germans, whose plans had been so unexpectedly frustrated by
the determined resistance of the Belgians.
These fought long and valiantly in expectation of assistance from the
Allies, who, unprepared for the sudden progress of the campaign, were
unable to render the necessary assistance in the beginning of the war.
This is the explanation which was given by both the French and English
as to the tardiness in the arrival of the help expected from those
countries.
After the fall of Liege, when the enemy entered the city, the Rt. Rev.
Bishop of the diocese, the Burgomaster of the city and several others of
the more prominent residents were taken prisoners as hostages. These, as
a rule, are put to death if the requirements of the enemy be not exactly
met.
Some time later we heard that these hostages were set at liberty.
Then followed the destruction of many cities, towns and villages along
the route, including the noted City of Louvain, the heart of Catholic
Belgium, the principal place of her Christian educational institutions,
and the seat of her missionary forces.
Consternation filled the minds of the Belgians at the needless
destruction of this ancient city, with its treasures of art and
sculpture, its schools, colleges, libraries, and particularly its
world-renowned university.
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CHAPTER VIII.
THE CARNAGE OF BATTLE.
After the fall of Liege and Namur, the destruction of Louvain and a
number of noted cities, towns and villages, our minds were concerned
with that awe-inspiring event—the advance of the enemy to Brussels.
Well do we remember that beautiful summer evening, when our prayers and
evening meditation in the chapel were disturbed for about an hour by the
continuous whirl of automobiles passing the Convent. We were told that
evening that it was the departure of the legislative body from Brussels
to Antwerp, with the archives and treasures of the Government.
Our hearts seemed to grow cold and leaden within us as we sat there
hoping, praying, fearing, yet instinctively feeling the doom so rapidly
approaching.
One gloomy, rainy day, word came that over two thousand soldiers of the
Civil Guard had lowered their weapons at the approach of the enemy and
quietly surrendered the City of Brussels, Belgium’s beautiful capital.
To have fought without fortifications against such superior forces as
the Germans possessed would have been a useless sacrifice of life.
Strict, in the extreme, were the regulations enforced by the Germans in
the different places which they entered. They also levied enormous war
taxes. Bold and undaunted even to the verge of imprudence, as was then
remarked by the Belgians, was the conduct of Burgomaster Max, of
Brussels, in his conduct toward the enemy.
The work of strengthening and completing the fortification of
Willebroeck, said to be amongst the strongest in the world, continued,
while a large number of soldiers, as watch guards, were constantly on
duty.
The electricity which supplied light to the village and kept many a
motor propelling, was entirely cut off from the houses and public
buildings and concentrated at the fort.
Two thousand workmen engaged in the paper factories of Mr. Louis De
Naeyer were out of work. Charitable ladies, aided by Madame De Naeyer,
of the Castle of Willebroeck, and assisted in the work by some of the
Sisters, met daily at the Boys’ Public School and made ready a good,
strong soup, which was dealt out in cans or pitchers to the destitute
families of these poor workmen.
The paper factories, the Castle of Blaesvelt, belonging to a former
Belgian Ambassador to Washington, whose wife was a native of that city,
and the large and newly equipped breweries of the Erix families, were
stripped of their machinery and made to serve as fortresses by boring
holes through their walls for the reception of cannon and
_mettrailleusen_ (machine guns). The paper factory itself, commanding a
good position near the bridge of the canal, was so arranged that it
could be flooded at a moment’s warning; and this was actually done, as
we were informed by the refugees in England, when the battle at the
fortress took place prior to the fall of Antwerp.
During the progress of the campaign in the vicinity at that time,
several occurrences affected, in a great measure, every aspect of daily
life for the quiet residents of Willebroeck, and particularly for the
Sisters, unaccustomed as they were to any participation in the affairs
of the world, except such as were imperative for the direction and
maintenance of their schools.
These were: First, the arrival of the Red Cross and wounded soldiers,
some six weeks before our departure from Antwerp; second, the return of
the army; third, the flight of the refugees; fourth, the daily
increasing and ever nearer approaching roar of the cannonade.
One afternoon in the middle of August a large, heavy wagon was drawn
into the yard. It bore the flag of the Red Cross on top, and on the side
in great white letters the words “Military Hospital.”
In a few minutes a fleshy little gentleman, who at once distinguished
himself as the “Chef” (chief), and a number of other gentlemen, about
thirty-five in all, wearing white bands with red crosses on their arms,
and long white linen coats over their uniforms, such as bakers sometimes
wear, were seen hurrying to and fro, unpacking and carrying their
various instruments and utensils to the operating room.
A military chaplain and four or more doctors accompanied the group. All
except the chaplain were dressed in uniform. Several young ladies of
Willebroeck, former members of our Boarding-school, dressed in white and
wearing the head-dress and arm-band of the Red Cross, came next day and
graciously presented themselves to aid in taking care of the wounded.
The services rendered by the Red Cross in time of war is simply
inestimable. “When circumstances permit, there are three different posts
or places where the wounded are treated,” said the village doctor who
assisted in training the young lady volunteers to the Red Cross army.
“The first post is only a few yards distant from the battle field and as
near as possible to the firing line. This post is very dangerous. Only
volunteers are sent there, as a rule. The members go out on the field in
search of the wounded, amid the continual bursting of partially exploded
shells. One careless step may cause serious wounds or instant death.
Then again, after a battle has been fought, there is occasional
shooting, even in the night; but the members of the Red Cross have
consecrated themselves to the service of the sick and wounded soldiers,
and God gives them strength and courage according to their necessities.”
When found, the wounded are brought into the first post on stretchers or
in ambulance wagons, and only those attentions which are absolutely
necessary are given. Then they are taken to the second post or hospital,
where a more thorough examination takes place and the necessary
operations are performed, which consist principally in the extraction of
bullets, setting and amputation of broken limbs, etc.
Here they remain until they become convalescent, unless the number of
wounded soldiers increases to such a degree as to prevent proper care
being taken of them, in which case they are taken away to a third
hospital, where they are supposed to remain until their wounds are
entirely healed. Then they ardently desire, if not maimed, to return
again to the front.
When a seriously wounded soldier is brought into the hospital, he is
stripped of his clothing, wrapped in a sheet and carried to the
operating room. This service is rendered by the gentlemen of the Red
Cross. One or more of the lady nurses assist at the operation. If the
soldier is mortally wounded and there is apprehension of immediate
dissolution, he remains in the sheets and is lovingly cared for by these
gentlemen until death occurs. Then the body is rolled in the sheet,
placed in a coffin and buried the next day.
Coffins were provided by our village for the soldiers who died in our
hospital. One day nine were carried away to the cemetery; another day,
two; then one or two. Several were dead or at the point of death when
they were brought into the hospital.
One poor factory woman came inquiring for her husband. We did not dare
tell her that he died immediately when brought in, but left this sad
task for Rev. Mother Superior.
On another day a woman and her daughter-in-law came from a great
distance inquiring for her son, the young woman’s husband. Heart-rending
was their anguish when they were told that he was already a week buried.
These and numberless cases of like character indicate what war is, even
when viewed from a favorable standpoint.
All the clothing of the wounded soldiers was carried at once to our new
steam laundry, where it underwent a most thorough washing and
disinfection. This clothing was, for the most part, stiff with mud,
saturated with blood and badly torn. When dried it was given back to
those in charge of the army. The Sisters and servant-maids performed
this work. They were assisted by the women refugees of Willebroeck,
whose houses were burned off on account of the fortress. Washing took
place every day and continued until late in the night.
The condition of the poor maimed soldiers was sad to behold. One man, we
were told by the Red Cross nurses, had twenty bullets in his body;
another was pierced through the lung by a bayonet; one, aged twenty,
lost an arm to the shoulder; one had only one or two fingers left on the
hand; one was crazed by a bullet which touched the brain; another was
shot through the mouth, the bullet lodging in the back of the throat.
His case was especially distressing, his the most intense suffering of
all. He lived for a week without eating, drinking or speaking.
Three wounded Germans were brought in, being picked up on the battle
field by members of our division of the Red Cross. They seemed greatly
distressed and afraid, positively refusing to touch food or drink of
which the Sisters or nurses did not first partake. One was a German
lieutenant, under whose direction, as he himself admitted, great damage
had been done in one of the large cities. He was given the distinction
of a bed among the Belgian officers. He was very ill at ease in their
presence, in the beginning, but becoming reassured and observing the
impartiality of Sisters and nurses, he desired to remain in our hospital
rather than be removed to a third post.
One day we were called upon to witness a most sorrowful sight. A small
farmer’s wagon drove up to the gate, bearing the lifeless bodies of two
children, a girl aged eight and her brother, aged fourteen. The mother
and a smaller child were also in the wagon. The mother related that they
were taking flight as refugees. Seeing the enemy, they hastened to
retreat, and were fired at by the soldiers. The children, who were in
the back part of the wagon, were struck and wounded in a most frightful
manner. The little girl’s face was nearly all torn off, and the back of
the boy’s head had been shattered.
At the approach of Belgian soldiers, who fired at the enemy, the mother
was enabled to pick up the lifeless bodies of her children, put them
into the wagon and drive with them to our hospital, which was the
nearest post.
These people were from Nieuwenrode, Province of Brabant. It was said
that many German soldiers were in ambush, in this region, although no
battle had occurred there. The Doctors Van Everbroeck and DeLatte, who
examined the bodies of these children, stated that they were shot at a
distance of twenty meters.
The mother, suffering greatly from the shock, and the remaining child
were taken to the village hospital.
Flour, soap and washing soda were supplied by the Government for the use
of the soldiers. The Sisters performed the work and used a great deal of
their own provisions for the wounded. A large quantity of linen for
sheets, gowns and hand towels, was supplied by the “Chef” of the Red
Cross. The Sisters, when not engaged in other work, spent the time in
folding, hemming and stitching these articles and in preparing surgical
dressings for the wounded.
Several Sisters and at least two lady nurses remained in charge of the
different wards day and night. The most perfect order and discipline
prevailed. The wounded soldiers who were at all able to get around
walked in the garden or rested and visited with their families, who came
to see them.
The tender care of mothers for their children could not surpass the
devoted kindness of the members of the Red Cross in their services to
the wounded. Nothing that could be done to assist or alleviate their
sufferings was omitted. The soldiers were to each other as brothers of
one family. We have seen them carrying in, on stretchers, their weary,
foot-sore comrades, and with the tenderest care take off the clumsy,
muddy shoes, gently strip the blistered feet of the coarse stockings
and, on bended knees, bathe and bandage them.
The first division of the Red Cross which came to our Hospital was with
us about five weeks. One evening about seven o’clock, some time after
Brussels had been occupied by the Germans, a dispatch came to the “Chef”
commanding the Red Cross to leave Willebroeck at once and go to another
station. Again there was hurrying to and fro. The large wagon was opened
and everything hastily packed in. In the different wards the poor
wounded soldiers, obliged to leave their beds, were sitting silent and
motionless, while tears were in their eyes. Later in the night motor
cars came and took them all away. The German lieutenant, on account of
the condition in which he was found by the physicians, could not be
removed at that time and remained until the departure of the second
ambulance.
Preparations for the departure of the Red Cross continued most of the
night. With the continual running back and forth, and the noise produced
by taking up and laying down boxes and bundles, there was no rest to be
obtained.
Before seven in the morning all the wards were empty. One or two
soldiers, whose condition did not permit of their removal, still
remained. All noise and commotion had ceased and the silence of death
reigned in the house.
A day or two of repose would have been a welcome boon to the Sisters,
who were much fatigued at that time. However, rest was impossible, as we
obtained a message that another division of the Red Cross was on its way
to our hospital. So it happened that all the rooms and various
apartments had to be cleaned and rearranged at once. This work took
place immediately. Two days later, although the pungent smell of
disinfectants still pervaded the air, every ward was as neat and clean
as if no wounded soldiers, no death, nor sorrow had entered there.
We did not know the cause of the sudden departure of the Red Cross, as
the strictest secrecy was observed by the officers of the army; but we
remarked a little later that this departure was necessary on account of
the rapid advance of the fast-approaching enemy and the evident
possibility of a heavy pitched battle at the fortress. In such a case
the convalescent could not remain longer than was absolutely necessary.
They were obliged to go in order to make place for the numerous wounded
who were yet to come.
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CHAPTER IX.
THE RETURN OF THE ARMY.
A little after four o’clock one afternoon, shortly before the departure
of the first division of the Red Cross, our attention was attracted by
the heavy and continuous tread of cavalry and soldiers passing along the
street. It was the Belgian army returning from a long and tiresome
march.
Here was found a different kind of suffering from that which was
ministered to in the hospital. Hunger and fatigue were stamped upon the
countenance of each of these men, who, about a month before were
industrious citizens at their daily occupations.
We saw them marching away in the early morning some time before, full of
courage and patriotic zeal. For what reason they all marched off, or
where they were going, we knew not; but were informed later by one of
the officers that while on the march they had been attacked by the
enemy, who were stealthily concealed, and fired into their ranks from
both sides of the road. Several of the soldiers were killed and a large
number wounded, but, having retreated promptly and in order, no great
loss of life was sustained.
There were in the ranks priests, in their long black cassocks, wearing
the arm-band of the Red Cross, who, as volunteer chaplains, had joined
the army and were ever at the service of the soldiers on the march, and
even on the battle field. We were informed that priests, and those
preparing for the priesthood, were not obliged to serve in the army in
times of peace; but, in case of war, they may be called upon to serve as
military chaplains. When the present war broke out, hundreds of them
joined as volunteers, marching in the ranks with the soldiers and
undergoing their sufferings and hardships.
Many doctors rode along in motor cars. They were distinguished by a
special dark-colored uniform, with a red collar and gilded trimmings.
They also wore the arm-band of the Red Cross. Officers on horseback led
each division of the army. The faces of all were disfigured with sweat
and dust, while dust in abundance covered shoes and clothing. Some were
staggering along, unable to walk straight, owing to the hard shoes and
blistered feet. Hollow-cheeked, and with eyes which seemed to protrude
from their sockets, they passed along, piteously imploring a morsel of
bread.
Fortunately, the abundant supply of bread in the Convent had just been
increased by the addition of forty of those immense loaves found only in
Belgium. All of this was hastily cut, buttered and, with baskets full of
pears, dealt out, piece by piece, to the passing soldiers, until,
finally, only a small portion remained over for the supper of the
wounded remaining in the hospital.
The servant maids went out to the village later in search of bread, but
there was not a loaf to be found anywhere. All had been given to the
soldiers. Two Sisters and one of the maids remained up all night. The
oven was again heated and the usual supply of bread doubled.
Every large locale in the village from which, by the way, all
non-resident refugees were obliged to depart, received the various
divisions of the army which were allotted to them. About two hundred
soldiers were assigned to those parts of our Parochial School unoccupied
by the village refugees or not in use by the Red Cross.
Before the command was given to enter the schools, we saw soldiers,
among whom were also priests, lying on the ground on the opposite side
of the street, even as horses which, having run a great distance, fall
down from sheer exhaustion. Some of these, we learned afterwards, did
not have their shoes off in nearly three weeks. The socks, hard and worn
out, were in some cases stamped into the blistered feet in such a manner
as to cause excruciating pain. In some cases the feet were so painful
and swollen that the patients had to be carried in on stretchers. In the
meantime, several ambulance wagons had stopped at the school gate, and
numerous wounded were carried in.
When finally one division entered d’Externat, a hasty search was begun
for hay and straw. All that could be found was carried into the garret
of the schools and the empty classrooms.
The refugees of Willebroeck were very generous to the soldiers, giving
them all the provisions which they could find. Many soldiers were seen
with pails in their hands in search of water. Of this there was a good
supply on the place, and more could readily be obtained at the cistern
which was connected with the canal. In a short time they were refreshed
and cleansed from the dust and sweat of that long and tiresome march,
and were observed sitting in groups on the grass which surrounded the
school.
Soon after a large door, which one of the refugees carried away from his
house in the village before it was burned, was found. This was laid on
two small heaps of stone, so as to form a table. About half an ox was
procured and a large part of it chopped into small pieces and put into a
big iron kettle, which was then filled with water. The kettle was placed
on a wood fire kindled in the garden, and potatoes and other ingredients
put into it. After a time it began to boil in a lively manner, greatly
to the satisfaction of those poor hungry men who were so patiently
waiting for their supper. When this finally was ready, the knapsacks
were opened and each took out a spoon and a small tin can, the cover of
which served for plate, cup and saucer.
Probably the German General Staff failed to enjoy their bounteous supper
that evening as well as did the poor Belgian soldiers their soup on the
cool green grass. It must be remarked that each division was under the
direction of an officer, who placed armed guards at the gates and
passages. Perfect order prevailed. They talked quietly among themselves
and remained strictly within the places assigned to their use; only once
in a while one of them would knock at the kitchen door and ask for a can
of water, which was soon understood to mean a can of cold coffee. This
was never refused, and the grateful “Mercie” (thanks) was ample reward
for the service rendered.
That night passed quietly. The soldiers had a good opportunity to rest
on the hay and straw which had been provided. Some of them were astir at
a very early hour. The large kettle was again placed over the fire and
filled with water for the soldiers’ breakfast of bread and black coffee.
Their only fear was that a message to depart would arrive before they
would have a chance of “Coffie drinken” (drinking coffee, or breakfast).
At about eight o’clock one evening during the stay of the soldiers an
excited group of eight men and two boys ran wildly into the yard through
the gate, which had been left open for the soldiers not yet arrived.
Great drops of sweat were on their faces. They were out of breath from
running, and greatly excited. Some were bare-footed, having lost or
thrown away their wooden shoes in the great haste to escape the enemy,
who, they related, had entered a village three or four miles distant and
had taken as prisoners a number of citizens and placed them in front of
their own ranks. The boys had lost their parents in the confusion which
ensued and were crying bitterly. They found a resting place somewhere in
the schools that night and departed early next morning, because
non-resident refugees were not permitted to remain after the arrival of
the Red Cross.
The soldiers were called away several times for short intervals, after
which they again returned for a rest. Thus the month of August passed.
The frightful campaign progressed slowly but surely. Several times we
had seen the hostile aeroplane, with its shining armor glittering in the
sunshine, flying gracefully over our schools. How we then feared for our
wounded, so helplessly lying within these same walls. One morning, about
three o’clock, we were suddenly awakened by heavy, oft-repeated
shooting, which seemed to proceed from the farther end of our garden.
The alarm was caused by the appearance of an aeroplane soaring as a huge
bird over the fortress. Mettrailleusen opened fire upon it, and the
unwelcome visitor soon disappeared. However, we all feared its
reappearance in the night. For this reason the towns and cities were
kept in total darkness from eight o’clock in the evening, and
searchlights illumined the dark clouds over and around the fortresses
and other places of particular importance.
About this time we were informed that several thousand of the enemy’s
soldiers were digging trenches and fortifying themselves on all sides of
us. Every newspaper brought fresh tidings of most inhuman atrocities
which filled the minds of the people with unspeakable horror.
In Belgium it was neither the German nation nor her soldiers, considered
as a whole, who were held responsible for these awful outrages, because
it was well known that there were among them many noble characters and
Christians, renowned for their piety and fidelity to God and country,
who were sacrificing their lives for what they thought to be a just and
holy cause and whose families were also suffering and sorrowing at home.
It was alone, as should be known by everyone, the Godless element in the
German army, led on and sustained by equally Godless officers, who
encouraged, permitted and probably commanded those crimes, as we infer
from the testimony of German wounded soldiers in our Red Cross
hospitals. “If we do not shoot, burn and pillage,” said one of them, “we
shall be shot ourselves.”
It seems incredible that any one claiming Christian convictions of any
creed or country, could have acted as did the so-called barbarians who
despoiled many of the most beautiful cities, towns and villages of
Belgium.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER X.
ANXIOUS DAYS.
Early one morning, while passing through the yard, we heard what seemed
to be peals of distant thunder. We looked around to see if a storm was
approaching, but as the sun shone brightly and not a cloud was to be
seen in the sky, we soon realized what this dismal sound implied. On
entering the Convent, we found several of our members standing by the
map of Belgium, tracing the route of portions of the German army then
endeavoring to force their way through to Antwerp.
The firing heard in the garden came from the bombardment of the City of
Mechelen. The first attack did not continue so long, nor was the damage
so great, as in the attacks which followed. The noise of the cannonade
increased from that day forward. Hardly a day or night passed without
bringing the unwelcome sound from one or the other direction. It often
happened that, having retired at a late hour after a long and fatiguing
day’s work, the short repose was interrupted by the explosion of bombs
or cannon balls, which, although then at a safe distance from our
village, was none the less terrifying.
In this most cruel war battles continued in the night as well as in the
day. When time was asked by either army to remove the wounded, it was
refused, because each mistrusted the motives of the other, thinking
that, instead of removing the wounded, they would utilize the time thus
gained in preparing for another attack.
About the first of September we went to Antwerp for a day or two. While
on the train we saw the wires stretched from place to place, and heard
explained the intended use of electricity at the fortress. Antwerp was
at that time, still and peaceful, as a child who slumbered, feeling
perfectly safe within her lines of fortifications. About eight o’clock
in the evening every light had to be put out, and the place resembled a
city of the dead.
On returning about twelve o’clock on Sunday, with the Sister who
accompanied me, we found some wounded brought in, who were pierced by
bayonets at a short distance from our house. Their condition was
critical, but they recovered sufficiently to be taken to Antwerp within
the following week.
A day or two later, while crossing the yard, we suddenly heard that
sissing, crackling sound of a shell or bomb flying through the air in
the direction of the church spire which towered above the walls of the
Convent chapel. Several others followed in quick succession. All the
convalescent soldiers who were in the yard, the Sisters and ladies in
the garden, hastened to take refuge in the cellars.
We feared for the wounded soldiers within, who could not leave their
beds. Soon the attack was answered by a heavy volley from the fortress,
and the cannonade continued until early next morning.
A day or two later one of the refugees visited the place where the
cannonade of the fortress had swept the entire region as if a tornado
had passed over it. On returning he related that parts of human bodies
hung on the trees and filled the hedges.
When the danger became imminent, the older Sisters and those who were
ill, or in any way disabled, were advised by the Rev. Superior to seek
refuge in the more secluded mission houses of the Community, and to all
who desired, permission was given to do the same, or to return to their
families for the time being. This was done on account of the
inadvisability of any one’s remaining at the convent during a battle,
since the buildings were in close proximity to the fortress.
Some of the Sisters packed their trunks and sent them to the homes of
their families. This precaution did not avail much, as the families of
many of our members had to leave their homes as refugees and probably
lost all their personal property.
Although all were permitted to seek safety in other places, only the
older members and two or three of the younger Sisters availed themselves
of the opportunity. All save these gathered around the Superior and her
assistant, and promised voluntarily to remain to the very last to assist
in the care of the wounded, whose number increased daily since the
arrival of the second division of the Red Cross.
On several occasions spies were arrested in Willebroeck and taken away.
Some were arrested in Brussels and Antwerp in the garb of priests. It
was authoritatively reported that supplies of weapons and ammunition,
among which was dynamite, were found in public buildings in Antwerp,
carefully hidden away in the basements. This aroused distrust on the
part of the Belgians for the resident Germans, whom they had always
treated with the greatest confidence and respect.
The result was that all the Germans then in Belgium were expelled from
the country and had to return to their own land. This was, indeed, a
hardship for the unoffending resident Germans, whose homes for years had
been in the cities and towns of this little kingdom.
We retired at a late hour one night amid the incessant booming of
cannon. Scarcely were our eyes closed when some one passed in the
dormitory and knocked at each door. “Ave Maria” was the quiet greeting.
“Deo Gratias,” the response. “What is it?” was asked. “The Germans have
entered and are crossing the bridge,” was the reply.
With beating heart and trembling limbs, each sprang up and was dressed
in a few minutes. In a state of great excitement, all stood in the hall
ready to receive orders from the Superior, who had gone downstairs to
make inquiries about the situation. At the first sound of the alarm a
party of soldiers and their officer went out to ascertain the facts in
the case, as the bridge where the enemy were said to be crossing was not
far distant.
All the inhabitants of the village were on the alert. By the time the
Sisters were ready to depart, the soldiers had returned, whose officer
laughingly related that it was only a party of Belgian “Lanciers” in
gray uniform, whom the Burgomaster of Blaesvelt had mistaken for German
soldiers, and thought it his duty to spread the alarm.
All retired quietly to their rooms once more, but no one rested much the
remainder of the night.
Then followed anxious days for the residents of Willebroeck, who
expected momentarily to hear the alarm clock in the church tower give
notice to flee for their lives. The officers of the Belgian army were
very sanguine, and assured the Superior and those in charge of the
wounded that timely notice would be given if the danger increased.
Nevertheless, the crackling of shells, the heavy cannonade from the
fortress and field cannon, and the occasional proximity of those hostile
aeroplanes, together with the reports of atrocities and destruction
taking place around us, were fearsome in the extreme.
In striking contrast to the noise and commotion on all sides, was the
calm tranquility which reigned in the chapel. The Sacred Heart stretched
forth that same Fatherly hand which assisted the apostle sinking on the
Sea of Galilee. The altar was still and solitary, but the little red
light flickered in the sanctuary lamp and told of Him whose word alone
stilled the winds and calmed the angry waves.
In the circumstances which then existed, one would almost envy the dead
resting so quietly in the old-time vault, in the shadow of the
tabernacle.
Lights were forbidden after a certain hour, but the moon shone through
the stained windows and wrought fantastic designs on the gilded molding,
while the mild and peaceful looks which characterize the images of the
saints told of heroism and victories won on the battle field of life, in
the pursuit of peace and sanctity, and carried the mind to that future
and better life where neither the pride, avarice, nor ambition of man
can ever destroy the eternal peace, nor break the impregnable union of
hearts.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER XI.
THE FLIGHT OF THE REFUGEES.
While the aforesaid events were taking place, sorrowful scenes were
witnessed along the streets. Our attention and sympathies were
particularly attracted to the flight of the refugees. In this case we
could give no material assistance, as we were able to do in other cases.
For hours and days and weeks the doleful procession passed along the
streets; a living stream made up of all ranks and classes of society.
Here were seen the poor old farmer’s household, whose sons had gone to
the front; and young married women, with small children in their arms or
by their sides, whose husbands had to don the soldier’s uniform and go
to the war. The sick, the old and the feeble were taken from their beds
of suffering and, with shawls or blankets thrown over their shoulders,
placed in carts or wagons and carried away, perhaps, to perish by the
roadside. We have seen cripples and small children hurriedly driven
along the street in wheelbarrows.
Packages carried on their arms, on their backs, or in little carts were
about all that the poor people could take, and all that they desired, so
confident were they of a speedy return to their homes.
On another day about the end of August, the unbroken line which filed
through the street at noon was, without any interruption, passing
through at twelve o’clock that night. As the cities, towns and villages
were, for the most part, taken by surprise, or bombarded without having
received any notice, the civilians had no alternative but to collect a
few necessary articles of clothing, and in some cases a loaf of bread,
and flee in haste from their homes, leaving crops, cattle, furniture and
all their possessions to the fury of the flames and the tide of
destruction, so rapidly sweeping down upon them.
Many people of the wealthier class, anticipating what was to come, had
packed trunks and boxes with clothing and other personal property and
sent them away to what was considered safe quarters. Then they moved
away within the fortifications of Antwerp, where it was thought the
enemy could not enter. Others, in the firm hope that the war would soon
be over and that they would be able to return to their homesteads in a
few days, left everything untouched and fled from city to village and
from town to town. We met parties of acquaintances in Antwerp who had
changed their places of residence nine times within one month, and then
were obliged to leave Antwerp in a day or two.
Some let their cattle run loose in the meadows. These were shot down or
taken by the soldiers, or appropriated by any one who desired.
It was most pitiful to see these poor people, whose only object was to
get away as far as possible from the scenes of conflict. Some carried
small loaves of bread; others had a little hay or straw in their wagons;
some led a cow or two; others two or three pigs. In some of the carts we
recognized faces of our former pupils, who only one short month before
were longing for the pleasant vacation days. Their fathers or brothers
were in the army, and their homes forsaken. Some children had lost their
parents and were crying piteously. When the Sisters left the parish
church, where they daily took part in the public devotions for peace,
they were besieged by hundreds of these poor, half-frantic refugees,
beseeching shelter over night in the church or schools, which were
already full to overflowing. The days were warm and pleasant, but the
nights were very chilly and sometimes rainy. Where would those poor
people go and what could they do without food or shelter for all those
little children? The friendly stars looked down from the realms above
upon thousands who lay along the roadside, while others crowded the
barns and country schools, or made rude tent-like shelters in the bed of
the new canal.
This canal would have been opened in September with great festivities,
over which King Albert was expected to preside.
Peace or security was nowhere to be found. The war-chased people fled
from place to place for weeks, fearful and famishing, until the kindly
and protecting arms of England and Holland received them, and the noble
hearts and hands of American women united to provide food and clothing
for those who fled, and for the others also who would not, or could not,
leave their own country.
While cheerfully and gratefully testifying to what has been accomplished
in this country, and the great amount of money spent in alleviating the
sufferings caused by this sanguinary conflict, it does seem sad to think
that American manufacturers will continue to supply weapons and
ammunition to any of the belligerent countries. It reminds one of a
great conflagration, in which the firemen exert themselves to subdue the
flames, while a few pour on oil to replenish the fire. This will be a
lasting reproach to those engaged in this destroying traffic. “There is
no pocket in a shroud,” and the bloodstained money obtained in this
manner will not assuage the pain and grief of the orphan and widow, nor
will it purchase redemption at the judgment seat above.
As the danger increased, difficulties in the way of traveling also
increased. Passports, upon which were indicated the distinguishing
characteristics of the bearer, had to be obtained before leaving one’s
place of residence, if only for one hour; and such passports could only
be used in the vicinity in which they were issued.
To go to Antwerp, or any of the cities or towns at a distance, one’s
passport had to bear his or her portrait, sealed by the Burgomaster of
the town or city wherein he resided. If these requirements were not
complied with, a person would not be permitted to pass through the gate
of a city or enter even an ordinary depot.
A great number of refugees found their way ultimately within the
fortified City of Antwerp. They were seen for a day or two in solitary
groups in the public park, or in tents along the streets. In a large
school near the Palace of Justice fifteen hundred found refuge for a few
days, and were then directed to leave.
The authorities, becoming alarmed about the food and water supplies of
the city, and fearing contagion or disease, compelled all refugees who
were not obliged to leave their homes on account of fortifications, to
leave the city within a specified time. Large numbers of these poor,
homeless people, many of whom were of gentle birth and wealthy, were
obliged to crowd into freight cars which had been used for the
transportation of cattle, and were thus carried away to Ghent or Ostend.
From Ostend they were shipped to England. Many had previously left
Antwerp for Holland. In these countries thousands of them will
prayerfully await the dawn of peace, which will decide the future
destiny of their country.
The events already related occurred between the first of August and the
27th of September. Sunday, September 27, passed off quietly in
Willebroeck, although refugees filed through the streets continually,
and the booming of cannon was heard in the surrounding towns. The sky
was leaden and a somber, smoky atmosphere hung over the country and
caused a feeling of sadness and uncertainty.
In the evening one of the refugees returned from a hurried visit to the
scene of his former home, and related to his daughter, who anxiously
awaited his arrival, that the enemy had made great headway. “Tomorrow
will be the last day in which it will be safe to remain in Willebroeck,”
said he to those who stood there.
In a few minutes the report was circulated on all sides. Sisters, on
hearing it, remarked, “Nonsense! What God protects is well protected; we
must not be alarmed, but patiently await the accomplishment of God’s
holy will.” Monday’s papers brought news of another bombardment of the
City of Mechelen (Malines), a short distance from Willebroeck.
Following are a few quotations from that morning’s paper (Antwerp’s
_Handelsblad_, Monday, September 28, 1914): “While on the train this
morning, before entering the station of Mechelen, our attention was
attracted by the multitudes who, in the greatest haste, took flight
through the Zandpoortvest. They were the residents of Muysen. The German
troops, about eight hundred strong, were there at half-past seven; thus
the people had no alternative but to take flight as rapidly as possible.
The enemy shot upon some refugees, and the ten-year-old son of Desiré
Horckmans was shot in the car where he was sitting, and Mrs. Arm Beulens
was seriously wounded. ‘This was only a sign of what was yet to come.’
“Scarcely had we reached the station, at half-past eight, when we heard
the heavy roar of cannon, followed by terrific explosions, such as we
had never before heard. All the people who had come from the direction
of Antwerp took flight through the side streets. At every explosion it
seemed as if an earthquake shook the ground under foot. So heavy were
the shocks that many people fell.
“On the Schuttersvest, we found refuge in a cellar, while one volley
followed another. The explosions were deafening. Every pane of glass in
the vicinity was broken in pieces. In several places the stones were
forced out of the pavements and thrown to a great distance, while bombs
pierced the ground to the depth of two meters.
“One can judge the terror in which the residents of Mechelen tried to
find a place of safety. The cannonade was awful, as was also the ‘Gesis’
(sissing noise) of the bombs which flew over the streets and, exploding,
spread fire, death and destruction in every direction.
“A bomb fell just in front of the railroad station, making a pit in the
ground three ‘meters’ in diameter. The place was covered with stones,
which were violently jerked out of the ground. The station is
half-demolished. No one is there to be seen except the lifeless body of
an elderly gentleman who, with his face to the ground, is stretched out
on the floor of the waiting-room.
“The beautiful buildings belonging to the Little Sisters of the Poor,
and many other noted buildings have been totally destroyed. Thus it was
in the few places which we have visited. What will it be in other
places? All the streets through which we passed were covered with glass
and stones. In all the city there is not a pane of glass which remains
whole. All day long the Duffel highway was black with refugees, which
makes us conclude that all Mechelen has taken flight.”
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER XII.
THE RESULTS OF WAR.
Centuries ago, when Attila, known in history as the “Scourge of God,”
led his army of Huns through the fertile fields of Europe, we read that
he gazed upon the ruin which he had caused his soldiers to perpetrate on
all sides, and cried out, “I am the hammer of the world, the grass grows
no more where my horse has trod.”
Well may these same words be applied to the armed forces now dominating
the devastated plains and meadows of what was once peaceful Belgium.
When one passes through the masses of falling debris and looks upon the
remains of cities and villages which have stood for ages and in whose
monuments and public buildings a more than human strength and beauty
seemed enclosed, it appears that the Angel of Destruction has extended
his deadly sceptre over the works of man and congealed those streams of
life which once flowed through the streets now deserted and homes made
desolate by the unheard-of ferocity of civilized man.
When we try to estimate the amount of time, labor, wealth and industry
required to build up these beautiful places, now stripped of their
grandeur, devoid of life, and crumbling into dust, we become awestruck
at sight of such desolation. The nothingness of the much-prized
materialism becomes apparent in the ruins of man’s grandest
achievements, and involuntarily we are moved to cry out, “Vanity of
vanities! all is vanity,” which the evolutions of time can change into
dust and ashes.
Again the cruel hand of war is seen in the country homes, whose rustic
beauty among the groves and green meadows so often aroused the spirit of
song and fascinated the lover of Nature in his rambles. The churches
whose cross-crowned spires, wherein the “Klokken” (chimes) so often
pealed forth the call to prayer, are now abandoned, and their battered
walls and broken windows look sadly down upon the deserted homesteads
from which life has passed away.
The schools no more re-echo the gay sounds of children’s voices, while
the famishing little ones and their destitute parents are dying of
hunger and privation or begging at the stranger’s door. The colleges and
libraries have delivered their volumes to the fury of the flames, and
the withering blight has scorched the fresh verdure of those well-kept
gardens and shady lawns where kings and princes dwelt.
Castles have been made into fortresses to conceal cannon and machine
guns, while the deafening roar of exploding bombs replaces the gay music
of ball and banquet room.
The red glow of the burning city illumines the evening sky and reveals
in the darkness the ghastly spectres of partially demolished walls of
the stateliest buildings which stand out amid the ever-increasing ruins.
War has desecrated the churches where angels knelt around the Holy of
Holies, and where the daily Holocaust of Love, and the offering of
praise and prayers perpetuated communion between earth and heaven. Have
the angels left the altar at sight of the sacrilege committed in their
presence, or did they weep when the merciless bomb struck the house of
God and wounded the worshipers there?
Behold the terror-stricken congregation leaving St. Rombout’s Cathedral
and taking flight through the streets of Mechelen, amid the falling
walls and bursting pavements. Weeks later we shall meet them again as
refugees in London, Leeds and Bradford, seeking food and shelter in the
land of exile.
See that little coffin, less than two feet long! It seems so
conspicuous, exposed there among the coffins of several soldiers who
died that night in our hospital. This small casket contained the remains
of a little angel about two months old, who was struck in the arms of
her mother by a piece of exploded shell.
This woman had hurriedly left her home during the second bombardment of
the city of Mechelen and, having run for some distance, sat down by the
way to rest, when the fatal shell exploded, a piece of which mortally
wounded the little one in her arms. Both were brought to our hospital
that night and lovingly cared for until about morning, when the innocent
spirit fled to join the army of the blessed who inherit the realms of
eternal peace.
Poor mother was left alone to bemoan the loss of her little one and to
weep over her desolate home.
When one meets the ambulance wagons loaded with suffering, mutilated men
who a few weeks before were sustaining heads of happy households; when
one sees the dark red stream flowing from ghastly wounds and splashes of
blood on all sides; when one observes the pallor of death on the strong
man’s face, while a comrade with tender pity bends over to obtain a last
message for home; when one hears the despairing wail of orphan and
widow; when one has watched the endless procession of terror-stricken
refugees whose homes have become the prey of the cannon, when one hears
repeatedly the sad experience of these exiles on their journeys from
place to place, lying on hay or straw, in barns, in schools, on the bare
ground, or in the basin of the empty canal, when one meditates on those
perverse circumstances which have changed civilized men into savage
brutes—then we also agree that “The world has gone back a thousand
years,” while a presentiment as of impending disaster passes over the
earth and depresses each individual heart.
“Cast yourselves upon the knees and pray for victory,” cry out Christian
monarchs to their soldiers, and, nevertheless, the God to whom they pray
is witness to the wanton desecration of His churches and the wholesale
destruction of life, liberty and property.
From the dark abodes of despair, the cohorts of satan seem to have taken
possession of the world and filled it with vice and wretchedness, until
it resembles the “abomination of desolation” referred to in Holy Writ.
To know what war is, it would be necessary to possess eyes to behold all
the sin and vice; all the ruin and destruction; ears to hear every
despairing cry and agonizing wail; a mind to comprehend all the misery
and desolation, and a heart to feel the anguish in the heart of each
suffering fellow-creature, from the moment the first shot was fired down
through ages yet to come, until the twilight of times, brighter in
prospect, than the daylight of the present generation shall obscure the
last shadows of the unholy conflict.
To realize what war really means, we should give consideration to the
moral and physical degeneration of these sufferers and of their
descendants; to the hatred, lust, passion, wilful murder and other high
crimes against God and nature, engendered and committed, not in the
moment of strong individual anger and passion, but as the result of a
well-calculated plan, with profound forethought, called by some
“strategy.”
“War is justifiable only, if it is the necessary means for securing
peace.” (His Eminence, Cardinal Mercier.) May we humbly add, _then only
as the last resort_.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER XIII.
OUR DEPARTURE.
Monday, September 28, witnessed the scenes of sorrow and desolation in
and around Mechelen and vicinity described in the foregoing chapters.
Many of the residents of Willebroeck had already taken flight, and the
others were preparing to leave.
The Sisters, wholly absorbed in their work for the wounded, and relying
on the word of the Belgian officers, that timely warning would be given
as to the necessity of departure, had as yet no idea of joining the
throngs of refugees who continuously filed through the main street.
The shocks of the cannonade from the fortress caused the buildings to
tremble on their foundations, while the ground under foot seemed
agitated as by an earthquake. A large number of wounded soldiers had
been brought in the night before, and three or four lay dead in the
mortuary.
Our Sisters and servant maids, as also the generous women refugees of
Willebroeck, continued their sickening task in the laundry. In wooden
shoes they stood at those large cement tubs while suds and blood-dyed
water streamed over the stone floor.
Since the cutting of the electric wires the motor which kept the
machines in action could no longer be used for the laundry or for the
bakery. This greatly increased the work in both places.
Large, vicious-looking black flies, before unseen in or about the place,
probably attracted by the odor of blood, buzzed around in a most
disagreeable manner.
The whole scene left an ineffaceable impression of sadness and horror at
the unwonted ferocity of civilized man.
Night closed in again, but brought neither rest nor consolation. Fearing
to retire, some of the Sisters remained in the chapel, while others
spent the tedious hours of that dreary night in the refectory or
adjoining rooms, and kept busy making surgical dressings for the
wounded, of whom a larger number than usual had been brought into the
hospital.
At intervals during the night the cannonade was heard, while the
searchlights of the fortress penetrated the clouds on the lookout for
the murderous Zeppelins. Morning came at last, with an increase of work
and anguish. The enemy, with their usual determination, were trying to
force their way through to Antwerp, while the Belgians were equally
determined to prevent them, or to at least check their progress.
On Tuesday, September 29, the daily routine of the Convent took place as
usual until noon, when the cannonade became terrific. A balloon, the
meaning of which we did not know, had been sent up by the enemy. Some
said it was to discover the position of the Belgians and, if possible,
ascertain their strength. The Reverend Superior called upon one of the
officers and asked if there was danger. “No,” said he, “We shall let you
know in due time.”
Three Sisters, intending to go to Antwerp, sent a messenger to the
station to ask when the train would leave. “No trains until evening,”
was the reply. They decided to wait until that time. Just then another
officer called for the Reverend Superior and said in an excited manner,
“Weg van hier, aanstonds! Geen tijd te verliezen.” (Away from here at
once. No time to be lost.) This message flew from one to another, even
to the terror-stricken hearts of the numerous wounded.
Impossible to describe the scenes which followed. In a few minutes a
long line of motor cars came whirling up to the gate to take away the
wounded who, some of them in an almost dying condition, were being
dragged out of their beds, dressed and hurriedly carried away to
Antwerp, or to another place of refuge. One can never forget the look of
anguish on some of their faces, while others seemed totally indifferent
to all that was taking place around them.
There was one who was not indifferent. It was the wounded German officer
who, as he himself admitted, had accomplished so much in the destruction
of Louvain, and whose serious condition did not permit his being
transferred with the first division of the Red Cross which left a short
time before. He was sorely troubled when he heard he had to leave, and
would much rather have remained. He promised, in case the opportunity
offered, to speak a good word for the Convent.
Did he survive or obtain his freedom, and thus have occasion to keep his
word? We know not; but we do know that when the German soldiers were in
possession of our Boarding-school, after the fall of Antwerp, our
Superior and Sisters wrote that they had no complaint to make as to the
conduct of those “Rynlanders.”
The Sisters could hardly realize that they were obliged to leave their
Convent home, for which they had toiled and labored for years, and which
was as dear to them as the arms of a mother to her children; those
schools which had so often re-echoed to the gay sounds of children’s
voices, as hundreds of them marched and sang in chorus; the garden where
the white ducks were yet swimming in the pond; the fruit trees and
flowers; in a word, all had to be left to the fire of the merciless
bombs and shrapnels.
Several times they went back and forth, while it seemed preferable to
remain and take the risk than to go and endure the vicissitudes of
pilgrimage and exile. But the command had to be obeyed, as the danger
increased every moment.
About two o’clock three of us joined the crowds of farmers, country
people and cavalrymen who were passing on their way to Boom. The other
Sisters stood in the hall, ready to depart. We carried satchels and some
small baggage, and walked to Boom, where we arrived safely at three
o’clock. On the way we met a lady and gentleman who conversed fluently
in English.
When we arrived at the station we learned that the train for Antwerp had
left a few minutes before, and there would be no further transportation
before evening. We went to the home of one of our Sisters in Boom and
rested until five o’clock. Here we were joined by our Rev. Mother
Superior and a large party of Sisters, who had left Willebroeck shortly
after we did. Just as they had crossed the bridge of Boom, a bomb fell
beside it and exploded, but did not injure the bridge. Our Sisters were
on their way to Aertselaar, one of our missions at some distance from
the firing line. Rev. Father Somers, one of the assistant priests of
Willebroeck, remained at his post in the village church during the
bombardment of the town. Four Sisters had the courage to remain in the
Convent when all the rest had left. They have written recently from
Bristol, England, describing their experience amid the rain of bombs and
shrapnel which fell that evening in the garden and around the buildings.
Bidding adieu to the Sisters who had joined us in Boom, we went to the
railroad station about five o’clock in the evening, expecting to be in
good time for the train to Antwerp. One of the Sisters sent a dispatch
to her mother to send some one to meet us in the East Station when the
train would arrive. As we approached the station in Boom, we met throngs
of people coming back.
A lady told us not to go to the station, as no train would leave for
Antwerp that night. Undismayed by the sad news, we passed those crowds
of people and went right on to the station. The station-master was not
at liberty, so we stood there a few moments with a party of others in
the waiting-room. A young lady of Boom, one of our former pupils, and
one of the Sisters set out in search of a motor car or carriage. None
could be obtained at any cost, not even a farmer’s cart or wagon. All
that could be used were in the service of the army.
From five o’clock until seven, the fruitless search continued, while the
other two Sisters remained at the station in charge of the baggage. At
seven o’clock one Sister returned with the good news that she had met
the “Chef” of the First Division of the Red Cross ambulance which had
remained in our hospital, and, having exhausted all the fine expressions
in her French vocabulary, at last succeeded in sending him to the
General of the Belgian Army, then in a restaurant in the city, to ask
permission for the Sisters to enter the train of the Red Cross, which
was at that time standing on the Antwerp Railroad, back of the depot.
A lady and gentleman of Antwerp, on hearing of our success, pleaded with
tears in their eyes to have us ask permission for them also to enter the
train. Our youngest Sister, moved with compassion at the sorry plight of
two fellow-creatures, made use of a stratagem in their favor. “Papa,
Mamma,” said she, when the “Chef” approached with permission for the
Sisters to enter the train, “Papa, Mamma, carry our baggage into the
train.” The lady and gentleman took up the baggage in a hurry and the
Sisters followed them into the train.
It was just seven o’clock when we entered the train of the Red Cross,
which then stood waiting for the wounded soldiers. Unfortunately for us,
the wounded had been taken to Antwerp in motor cars and our train
remained standing at the depot.
The heavy cannonade had somewhat abated, but the field cannon were yet
heard in several directions, and we feared a return of the Zeppelins
which had been flying over Antwerp the week before. We were doomed to
disappointment as to our departure from Boom. It was too late and
decidedly dangerous to return to the home of our Sisters in the city,
and a long night in this stationary train seemed unendurable. At twenty
minutes to twelve the “Chef” made his appearance once more and said that
he had finally obtained permission to take the train to Antwerp; but we
would be obliged to ride in the dark, very slowly, and arrive in a
station at some distance from the usual stopping place. This depot was,
nevertheless, known to the Sisters, who, if only safely in the city,
felt sure of finding their way home. So the lights were turned out and
the train started off. It was so dark that we could hardly distinguish
the trees or buildings along the route.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER XIV.
ARRIVAL IN ANTWERP.
Shortly after leaving Boom, the sounds of war died out entirely, and one
felt that there was at least one haven of safety in Belgium. About
half-past one in the night we entered the Bassins, a station near the
docks of Antwerp. We thanked the good “Chef” heartily and paid the
station-master to accompany the party of five with a lantern to our
destination. He did so, and on we walked the whole length of the
Boulevard to the Palace of Justice.
Antwerp, the chief port of Belgium, the center of the railroad and canal
systems, lay enshrouded in a cloak of darkness. Not the faintest glimmer
of light was to be seen in the sky or on the land. Aside from this,
there was not the slightest appearance of war, or of any disturbance
whatever in the city.
At half-past two on Wednesday morning, September 30, hungry and utterly
exhausted after the experience of the foregoing week, we rang at the
residence of Madame Broelinckx, mother of one of the Sisters of our
company. This lady and her daughters received us with the greatest
hospitality. They provided food and sleeping apartments, and left
nothing undone to make our visit as pleasant and agreeable as could be
under the circumstances. About three o’clock we retired for a few hours’
rest, regardless of the dangerous Zeppelins which could have been flying
over our heads. Next day we visited some of the magnificent churches in
the city. These were filled to overflowing with pious worshipers at
every service.
In the Church of the Jesuits, which we attended, it was difficult to
find a seat, so great were the throngs who attended the evening
devotions. The front seats were reserved for the convalescent soldiers,
who attended in large numbers. It was so sad to see them. Some limped
along on crutches; some with their broken arms in slings; while others
had their heads and hands bandaged. Every door that opened or closed
caused a shock, as if the bombs and cannon balls had followed us from
Willebroeck.
We had never heard more zeal in the sermons, more confidence in the
prayers, or more fervor in the responses, in which the entire
congregation joined. We shall never, never forget that week of prayer in
Antwerp.
In such circumstances, when the courage is about to fail at the approach
of an inevitable doom which no human power can resist, then will the
most haughty and indifferent fall on their knees and pray.
A day or two after our arrival in Antwerp, in company with the Misses
Broelinckx, we visited the scenes of the Zeppelin raid which had taken
place a few weeks before. It was sad to witness the damage done to those
massive stone buildings. In some of them there was not a particle of
glass to be seen in any of the window frames, while immense blocks of
stone had been blown out of the walls. Bolts, knobs and bells were torn
out of their places and the door demolished. One building looked as if
it had been picked all over with a crowbar, while in some places pieces
of the bomb had forced their way through the walls.
It was said in Antwerp that the bomb which fell back of the Boom street
was aimed at the Palace of Justice, which is just at the corner of this
street. It was also stated that the aim taken by the enemy in throwing
this bomb was only one millimeter from being perfect. If so, it
deflected the difference of a whole block before it reached the ground.
Either nine or eleven bombs were said to have been thrown by Zeppelins
in Antwerp long before the bombardment of that city. Not one, however,
reached its destination, and only damaged the buildings and killed or
wounded a few innocent residents.
On returning we met two Sisters and a large number of orphan children,
who left Willebroeck on the same day that we did. These Sisters, though
similar to our own in some respects, had constant charge of the sick in
the village hospital, which was founded and supported by the wealthy and
charitable Lady of the Castle of Willebroeck, Madame De Naeyer. Besides
a number of invalids, there were about one hundred orphan children in
this institution when the bombardment of the village began.
One of the Sisters said, that while carrying the invalids from their
beds into the cellar, bombs were flying horizontally through the walls.
One old woman was killed and another wounded. These two Sisters then
departed with the orphans and knew not what had become of the others.
At the urgent request of our kind hostess, and also in hope of receiving
news from Willebroeck, or from the Sisters with whom we had parted in
Boom, we decided to remain over Sunday. The beginning of the following
week passed uneventfully. One of our younger Sisters joined us during
the week, but had little to relate, not having heard from Willebroeck
since our departure.
Greatly desiring to hear something from the Convent, I resolved to ride
over to Aertselaar with the milkmaid, as all the trains in this
direction had ceased to run, and no other conveyance could be found. I
went down to the park with Miss Broelinckx and waited until the good
woman had sold all her milk, after which I climbed into the little wagon
and we rode hastily in the direction of the city gates. When but a few
yards from the large green “port” or gate, while waiting a few moments
at a store, we were overtaken by Miss Broelinckx, who had hurried after
us to announce that she had met the Reverend Superior and a large number
of Sisters, who had entered the city en route for Holland or England.
With unconcealed joy at the thought of meeting our Sisters again, I bade
adieu to the milkmaid and retraced my steps back to the house where our
friends were assembled. After lunch, complications having arisen as to
their departure for England, the Sisters, about fifteen in number,
decided to remain in the city for at least a few days. Some of them took
up their residence with relatives, while the others found refuge in some
of the convents in the city. It was arranged to hold a union meeting in
a room adjoining the Jesuit Church, at which all were requested to be
present, every day.
One of our party was quite despondent, owing to the fact that she had
entirely lost track of her aged parents, who had left Mechelen during
the bombardment of that city. A day or two later, while going to church,
she had the pleasure of meeting her father on the street. He and his
wife had come to Antwerp a few days before. They had found it necessary
to change their place of residence nine times within one month. Mingled
joy and sadness was felt a day or two later, when the Rev. Mother
Superior visited the Sisters at the home of Madame Broelinckx and
described the condition of affairs at Willebroeck.
With the Sisters whom we had left in Boom, she had gone to Aertselaar,
where eight or ten of the older Sisters were staying. This town, quite a
distance from the city, was considered perfectly safe. However, owing to
the rapid approach of the enemy and the destruction of some of the
fortresses, this place also became untenable. The City of Boom was
evacuated and the bridge blown up a day or two after we left
Willebroeck. Three days later all the refugees in Aertselaar were
commanded to leave. This compelled the Reverend Superior to take the
elder Sisters, some of them hardly able to walk on account of age and
debility, to the City of Antwerp. With great difficulty she had found a
rude conveyance of some kind and rode on to the “port” of the city. When
they reached the large gate it was discovered that the passports were
not in perfect order, consequently the Sisters were not allowed to
enter.
Having found a resting-place for the others, Reverend Mother entered the
city. After a short conference, she rode back to the Sisters and we saw
her no more. While with us she told of her narrow escape at the Convent
in Willebroeck the day after the Sisters left.
On September 30, having left her charges in safety in Aertselaar, she
rode back again to Willebroeck, where three Sisters yet remained. The
next day the cannonade was terrific.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER XV.
EXTRACTS FROM LETTERS OF OUR REFUGEE
SISTERS.
Following is an extract from a letter which came to hand on March 15,
1915, from the four Sisters who remained in the Convent throughout the
bombardment, two of whom are now in charge of the Belgian refugees in
Bristol, England:
“As you already know, perhaps, three of us remained in our Convent when
all the rest had fled. Later in the afternoon we saw the Reverend
Director and his sister step into the doctor’s automobile and whirl off
to a place of safety. Soon they were out of danger for the time being at
least. That evening, following the advice of the Reverend Chaplain, we
went to the Convent of the Presentation in Boom to pass the night. On
the way we met Sister Michelle. When she heard that we had remained in
Willebroeck, she came back with us. We were greatly pleased and took her
along to Boom for the night. In the morning we returned to our Convent
in Willebroeck in an automobile of the ambulance. There was work in
abundance. We had to cook and bake for one hundred and twenty persons.
There were twenty priests with them. Besides these, there was scarcely
any one left in Willebroeck. We rode to Antwerp for meat. Reverend
Mother sent us word to come to Aertselaar to go with the other Sisters
to England. We went to Aertselaar and asked permission to remain in
Willebroeck. Reverend Mother rode back with us. Again, in the afternoon,
there was nothing to be heard but cannonade on all sides. Just as the
Reverend Superior was about to go to the chapel, she was called into the
cellar, where the Sisters and some of the wounded had taken refuge. At
once a heavy shock was heard. Every moment there were heavy shocks. Our
chapel had been struck by a bomb, which destroyed the iron frame of the
window, seriously damaged the wall and mouldings, shattered the pews and
chairs, and filled all the adjoining rooms with lime and dust. We
thought that our whole Convent stood in fire and flame. All the window
panes in the chapel were out. All the window panes in the front gable of
the Convent were out. Reverend Mother, who had just escaped death by
joining the others in the cellar, returned to her charge in Aertselaar.
We four remained in the Convent. The doctors assured us that if need be
an automobile would be at our disposal in the evening.
Monday, October 5, the Chaplain, sent by the Major, came to tell us that
we must leave. “Go,” said he, “not to Antwerp, but through Flanders to
England.” We thought that our other Sisters had already gone to England.
We remained Tuesday also, amid the thundering roar of the cannon. At six
o’clock in the evening it was announced that the motor car was ready.
“Rapidly,” said they. “Everyone away.” There we were! One in the kitchen
and the others here and there at work. In haste we collected a few of
our things, and, without food or other supplies, started on the way to
Boom. The Belgian soldiers caused the bridge to spring just when we had
crossed it. The two ladies of the Red Cross who had so faithfully
assisted in the care of the wounded, were with us. We went from Boom to
Hemischen, over a rudely constructed bridge. From this place we jolted
and pitched all night long. One of our number, utterly exhausted, slept
soundly, and for the time being at least was unconscious of danger or
difficulty. At ten o’clock on Wednesday morning we arrived at St.
Niklaas.
We were well received by the Sisters at the Convent of the Presentation,
and remained until next day. Then we went to Ostend. From ten in the
morning until five in the evening we remained on the train and spent the
night in a convent. We looked for the ambulance, and found it in the
“Hotel Splendite,” wherein we were given rooms overlooking the sea.
There were about three hundred wounded soldiers brought from Antwerp,
for that city was just bombarded. We remained there until the 13th of
October. We had just retired on the evening of the 13th, when we were
hastily called up. “Toe Zusters’ gauw op! Ze zijn hier, alle maal bijna
weg.” (Sisters, do hurry up! Nearly all are away from here.) We sprang
up, dressed hastily, took our satchels and went directly to the depot.
We stood in the waiting-room from eleven o’clock that night until five
next morning. Two trains of wounded soldiers were passing. We succeeded
in getting into one of them, and now “Ahead,” wherever Divine Providence
may lead us. That was a tiresome ride. Every few minutes the train would
stop. Where were we going? Probably to France. In a town called Zarren
we remained standing a long time. The residents brought food and drink
for the soldiers and conducted the Sisters to a convent. We could not
find sufficient words to praise and thank these good people; and now
again, “Ahead to France.”
We arrived in France at eleven o’clock in the night. The people were
leaning out of their windows in their night-clothes and calling aloud
“Vive la Belgique! Vive les Heros!” Again, “Ahead to Dixmunde.” Here we
were placed on a merchant ship, with one thousand wounded soldiers and
ambulanciers from Antwerp. We knew not where we were going. There was no
food. We slept in a small cabin containing four berths, two above and
two below. Those best exercised in gymnastics could climb into the upper
beds. A few moments later the two younger Sisters had flown into their
“Doves’ Nest.” The ship departed, and finally we arrived in Dover,
England. We left Dover and went to Southampton, where we arrived safely
on Friday morning. Here the wounded soldiers were taken to hospitals in
the city, and we were conveyed to a convent. After a few days we were
requested to go to Bristol to teach the Belgian children, and here we
are at present among these good English people, where we may possibly
remain until the refugees return to Belgium.”
A letter from our Sisters in Holland last winter states that those
members of the Community who had taken up their abode in the
mission-house of Aertselaar were obliged to leave and take flight a few
days later than we. Some of them endured great hardships along the
route.
The Sisters whom we left in the city wrote about the same time the
following:
“Our stay in Antwerp was short. We were told that it was dangerous to
remain near the Palace of Justice. At six o’clock two of us started to
the Touwstraat (Rope street), so as to be near our other Sisters. As the
street cars had ceased to run, we had to walk about three miles. The
Sisters who were in the Convent of the Sacred Heart, in Antwerp, could
no longer remain, as those nuns also were preparing to leave. It was
impossible to close our eyes during that terrible night on account of
the thundering, deafening explosions of cannon, while bullets, shells
and shrapnel were flying over the city.
“Early in the morning we were ready to leave Antwerp, but our older
Sisters could not walk, and we had also in our company a sick Sister
from Londerziel. Finally, about eleven o’clock, we left for the station.
We could hardly get through because of the crowd and the great number of
wagons. Two of us walked on and arrived in Capellen at three o’clock. At
the station we had to get into a wagon which had been used for the
transportation of cattle, and then away again. At half-past four we were
in Calmpthout. We waited in the station from half-past nine until four
o’clock. Finally we obtained a place in a coal car and set out for
Holland.
“In Esschen, near the boundary line, we stepped off and walked forth to
Hoogerheide, in Holland, where thirty of us will remain in a convent. I
had forgotten to say that four of our Sisters took flight from Antwerp
at one o’clock in the night.
“Here in Holland we are eating rye bread and mashed potatoes, passing
the night on straw beds stretched upon the floors, and are quite at our
ease, for the present at least.”
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER XVI.
THE EXODUS TO ENGLAND.
All the Sisters who had arrived at Antwerp met in conference several
times during the week; but no final course of action could be decided
upon, owing to the danger and uncertainty which, like dark, ominous
clouds, cast a pall over the city and presaged disaster.
One afternoon two of us called on His Eminence, Cardinal Mercier,
Archbishop of Mechelen, who, since the bombardment of his city and the
destruction of his residence, had remained at times in rooms near the
Cathedral of Antwerp. His stately countenance was calm and peaceful,
notwithstanding the trials and overwhelming sorrows he had endured. We
could hardly control our feelings when the fatherly hand of this good
and faithful shepherd was raised to bless us for the journey and
undertakings we had in view.
On Saturday, October 10, we met in conference for the last time in the
Jesuit rooms in Antwerp. Our Sisters had no idea of leaving the city at
that time. The last advice of our Reverend Director before leaving was
“Observe well the regulations, be ever true to God and duty, and let no
day pass without doing some good work.” He is dead now, having
peacefully passed away on the night of December 24, 1914, shortly after
returning to his former residence in Willebroeck. Although an invalid
for years, he was an example of perfect zeal and accuracy in the
performance of every duty. He was noted as an author of hymns and poems,
and left many important works on Church and Bible history.
Requiescat in pace (rest in peace).
Having parted with our Sisters on the street in front of the church, in
company with Miss Broelinckx, I went at once to the docks of Antwerp to
make arrangements for crossing over to England. About noon on that day a
flag was hoisted on the lofty spire of one of the great churches,
denoting “Antwerp in danger.” In a short time the whole city was
panic-stricken. People carrying large and small bundles were seen
hurrying through the streets. At noon the signal was removed and
confidence restored. At the docks we found that the last passenger boat
was just ready to leave on her final trip and could accommodate no more,
being then full to overflowing.
Three different times we returned to the docks, but found no means of
departure. Even the small merchant boats were overloaded. Finally, on
Monday, October 12, I found a place on a small boat, which seemed fit
for sailing on an ordinary creek. There were about sixty or seventy
refugees on board. I then bade farewell to the beautiful plains of
Belgium, to the Sisters and acquaintances in whose company we had passed
so many happy and peaceful years; farewell to the Convent home, where we
had learned the one true way to that perfect peace, which neither the
storms of time nor the adverse fortunes of war can destroy; farewell to
those dear little pupils who daily attended school, the remembrance of
whose cheerful, innocent faces inspirit the days of exile, as does the
cool, fresh fountain, the weary, way-worn traveler.
Could this parting be final? No! a thousand times no! We shall meet
again when these trials are over. The Belgians are a courageous people.
Their country will rise from its grave of ashes; her exiled children
will return; her cities will stand up from their ruins and flourish as
they have never done before, and when Kings and Kaisers have become a
memory, Sisters will be found at the bedside of the dying, and in the
schools to teach the little children, and offer refuge to virtue and
innocence within the Convent walls.
We took our places on the deck of this little boat at one o’clock. The
deck was not covered in any manner, and there were seats for about half
of the number of passengers; but we crowded together as best we could,
with a certain feeling of security, for we all knew that within a few
hours we would be safely out of reach of those terrible bombs and
shrapnel, and we had a firm belief that our friends in Antwerp would
also succeed in finding a place of safety.
We had just left the docks bound for Flushing, Holland, when the rain
began to fall in torrents and a heavy wind came up. We huddled together
under the few umbrellas and tried to have patience with our steamboat
and the weather. One young lady, in the act of looking around, had the
unspeakable chagrin of seeing her umbrella snatched out of her hand by
the wind and carried away down the tide. A large ship at some distance,
seeing the strange-looking object on the wave, rapidly approached,
lowered a boat, and immediately the umbrella was taken on board.
About three o’clock we were out at sea. There was no land to be seen.
The wind grew stronger every moment, and our little boat rose and fell,
pitched and rolled, in a most alarming manner. Being on the open deck,
in the piercing cold wind, kept most of us from an attack of
seasickness. Some of the Belgian women, who had never been at sea
before, were nearly frantic with terror, and no wonder, for it was
certainly a heavy sea for such a small boat. How delighted we were when
the lights of Flushing, like so many stars reflected in the sea, began
to gleam in the distance. When we entered the harbor the wind ceased and
the waves settled down into a calm, dark, lakey surface.
Unfortunately, we had no opportunity of seeing much of this noted summer
resort, as it was quite dark when we left our little boat and stepped
into a large, pretty looking Mall boat, which carried passengers to and
from England.
After supper in the neatly furnished dining-room, we retired to our
cabin. We considered ourselves at a safe distance from the firing line,
and anticipated a good night’s rest. In this we were sadly disappointed.
Scarcely had we closed our cabin door, when the ship’s crew began to
load the boat with her cargo, and the unendurable noise continued all
night long. One old lady, who had suffered greatly in coming over from
Antwerp, began to scold at everybody and everything, then laughed
heartily, turned over in her berth and tried to rest.
Morning dawned, at last. The rain had ceased and the sun was shining
brightly. We expected a pleasant voyage over to Folkstone, England.
Again we were disappointed. Fearing the mines which might have been
encountered on the usual course, our boat had to take another route.
Instead of a pleasant trip of three or four hours, we had a voyage of
nine hours. On this occasion there was no chance to escape the
seasickness. The sea was rougher here than in some places on the
Atlantic ocean. Heavy waves dashed against our little boat and caused
her to roll and pitch terribly, while a cold, penetrating wind swept the
deck like a hurricane.
Some of us became so greatly indisposed that we were advised to go on
deck. We did so and stood grasping the railing for an hour or two.
Everyone was ill. While on deck we sighted something projecting from the
sea, but could not clearly distinguish the outline. It proved to be a
submarine; at any rate, we were told that it was; but our boat managed
to keep at a safe distance and hastened forth unmolested.
A short time afterward we were signalled by a warship. All action in our
boat ceased. The warship drew near and was soon alongside of the
Mallboat. An officer came on board to ask if there were soldiers among
the passengers. Having received a negative answer, greetings were
exchanged and the warship departed, greatly to the satisfaction of all
on board. Having lost about half an hour, our steamer forged ahead again
at full speed.
About three o’clock, benumbed with cold and indisposed, we staggered to
the gangway and were assisted downstairs, where we tried to rest for a
time. About five o’clock in the evening the hills and rugged banks of
England made their appearance. At six o’clock we entered the harbor of
Folkstone. Everyone was obliged to show his or her passport and undergo
the doctor’s examination. This occupied just an hour. Happy to again set
foot on “terra firma,” we hastened to the train, which stood waiting to
take us to London, a ride of two or three hours. In the meantime
darkness had closed in and we saw nothing outside of our compartment
until after nine o’clock, as we approached the suburbs of London.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER XVII.
LONDON AND LEEDS.
One of the first things to attract attention, as we approached the city,
was the double-decked street car. It was so strange to see the people
sitting in those box-like cases, up on top of the car. From appearances,
one would think this kind of conveyance in danger of tipping over at
every turn of the street.
A little before ten o’clock we steamed into Victoria Station, London,
and immediately made our way to the office of the Relief Committee, who
kindly exchanged our Belgian money for English currency and gave us
cards to the Premier Hotel, Southampton Row, Russell Square, London.
The Belgians who came to England on this occasion were people of the
wealthier class, who paid their own expenses and were free to take rooms
or lodgings where they desired; while a great many others who came over
at the expense of the Relief Committee were obliged to accept what was
assigned them and remain where they were sent until transferred by the
Relief Committee.
When all of us met at table in the Premier Hotel, it was quite difficult
for the Belgians to make themselves understood. Fortunately, one of the
party, being familiar with the two languages, acted as interpreter until
each obtained what he or she desired, and the regulations and
requirements had been explained.
At half-past eleven all retired to their rooms for the night with
feelings of heartfelt gratitude to the good God, who led our steps
through so many trials and dangers to a place of peace and safety.
In the morning the whole party attended Mass at eight o’clock in a large
church on Southampton Row, and returned to the hotel for breakfast at
half-past nine. In the dining hall we met another party of Belgians,
among whom were Sister M. Aloise and her family, Mr. and Miss Erix, of
Willebroeck, and the Burgomaster of Mechelen (Malines) and his wife. The
Sisters, not having seen each other in several weeks, had a long and
pleasant visit. After dinner we called on the American Relief Committee
and obtained the loan of money necessary for the trip to America. The
American Government had made arrangements with its committee to assist
in this way American citizens stranded in the belligerent countries. It
was given in exchange for a note for the required sum, payable on demand
to the United States Treasury after the first of January, 1915. Interest
on this note was not exacted.
This action on the part of the American Government, in assisting her
stranded citizens who found themselves unable to secure funds at a time
when it was impossible to communicate with or receive assistance from
friends, was highly praised by prominent Europeans, and deeply
appreciated by the Americans themselves.
The important places which we had an opportunity of seeing during this
short stay in London were the Tower of London, so noted in English
history, the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, and also the
beautiful new Westminster Cathedral, which seems to resemble Westminster
Abbey in its mode of construction.
While at the station I sent a dispatch to relatives in Leeds to meet me
there at the depot next day, after which we returned to the Premier
Hotel for another night. This night, October 15, seemed very long, as I
was anxious to proceed on my journey as rapidly as possible. Next
morning found the city enwrapped in a heavy “London fog.” The streets
were very dusty, the air chilly, and the mist so dense that it was
impossible to read the names on the buildings across the way.
The streets and thoroughfares of London were so crowded at times that it
seemed impossible to pass through. Teams, carriages, street cars, motor
cars and pedestrians thronged hither and thither, each with some
particular aim or object in view.
Not a single thought of death seemed to occupy their minds, although
death could have befallen hundreds of them at every turn of the street.
All were in a hurry, for, as a rule, people do not walk in England, they
run, which, by the way, impressed me as unusual, considering the fact
that the country appears to be very hilly and many of the streets run up
or down high hills.
Policemen stand in the middle of the streets at the crossings and keep
back the crowds on one side until they have passed on the other.
On all sides placards were posted on the gates and walls calling for
recruits to the army. Whole companies of these were seen in citizens’
dress marching away to the barracks.
During a very short but pleasant stay in England our attention was often
attracted by the zeal of the English woman, working for their absent
countrymen. Every spare moment was employed for this purpose. On the
train, in the street car, or walking along the streets, her deft fingers
were ever busy knitting for some poor soldier at the front.
The prayers of thousands of those poor victims freezing in the trenches
during the past two winters will call down blessings upon these busy
workers, not only in England, but in our own dear country also; and all
over the world where this charitable work is undertaken.
On Thursday evening, October 15, I took leave of our numerous Belgian
companions and departed alone on the long and tedious journey to Leeds,
where I arrived at the appointed hour and was met at the station by
relatives, with whom I started at once for their residence.
We enjoyed two or three days of pleasant weather in this busy
manufacturing city, and visited some of the churches and places of
special interest. The busiest place in the city was, probably, the
American penny store. Here it was that the Star-spangled Banner
gladdened the heart of any American who happened to pass that way and
stop for a penny’s purchase. Except on Sunday, this immense building was
said to be crowded every day in the week, and on Saturdays it was hardly
possible to pass through because of the throngs of people who filled it
from morning till evening.
One remarkable feature about the city of Leeds is the deep dark color of
the exterior of nearly all the buildings. The Cathedral, the City Hall,
the Museum, and even the statue of Queen Victoria, on the square in
front of the City Hall, are of such a dark color that one would suppose
them to be built of black stone. This is probably caused by the fogs,
and smoke from the numerous factories. The fog becomes so dense in the
fall and winter that the street cars are said to collide, and other
accidents occur at times owing to the impossibility of distinguishing
objects even at a short distance. When but a few days in Leeds, my
attention was attracted by an article in the morning paper announcing
the expected arrival of five hundred Belgian refugees in the city.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER XVIII.
THE REFUGEES IN ENGLAND.
As a good and loving mother would receive her own weary, way-worn
children, so did England and Holland open their arms to receive,
console, assist and provide for the destitute, war-chased people of
Belgium. These unfortunate refugees, the homeless and penniless exiles
from a once free and happy country, have been welcomed to the shores of
England with a true Christian charity and hospitality, which excites our
admiration.
The gates of her manors, the doors of her castles, the dwellings of her
citizens, have opened wide to harbor the throngs of refugees who entered
her seaports in search of food and shelter. Great numbers went to London
and were received in the Alexandria Palace, where on one occasion about
three thousand were said to have attended the Divine sacrifice of the
Mass and were addressed in their own language by the Rt. Rev. Bishop
Dewachter, Vic. Gen. to His Eminence Card. Mercier, of the Archdiocese
of Mechelen. In this palace they were received and cared for
temporarily. Later they were distributed in groups to the different
towns and cities of the country in accordance with the means of
accommodation afforded by the respective places.
Belgian Relief Committees were established in all the localities about
to receive refugees. These were made up of a number of ladies and
gentlemen, both Catholic and Protestant, of the wealthier class of
English society. The Lord Mayor of the city, and mayors of the towns and
villages, took the work of these committees under their special
supervision. They were present at the arrival of the refugees and
delivered addresses of welcome. The Lady _Mayoress_, by her presence and
example, often assisted and encouraged the ladies in the clothing
department, and when time permitted drove around to visit the Belgians
in their new homes. All the ladies and gentlemen of the relief
committees were regarded as honorary members and received no
compensation for their services.
It is impossible to describe the amount of care, labor and anxiety, not
to speak of the time and expense, which these good people encountered in
this new field of labor. “I have not had two hours’ rest any night since
the work began,” said Alderman C——, a member of the Bradford Committee,
a few days before our departure. The same remark could well have been
made by all the members, who devoted their whole time and energies to
the work in hand.
The relief committees were obliged to make arrangements for the
reception and temporary lodgings of the refugees; also for their wearing
apparel and food supplies, because many of them had left their homes
with the same clothing which they wore at their ordinary work, and had
no other garments with them. Arrangements had to be made with the
vicars, or ministers of the Protestant parishes, and with the lords of
the manors and castles, as to the permanent dwellings and food supplies
of these people during their stay in England; and, to avoid confusion,
all had to be in readiness upon the arrival of the refugees, who were
sent in large numbers from Alexandria Palace, London. In less than three
weeks over fifteen hundred had been received in Leeds, Bradford and
Keighley.
When a party of refugees was expected, the whole city, it may be said,
turned out to welcome them. The streets from the station to the City
Hall, where they usually lodged for a few days, were thronged with
curious spectators, long before the appointed hour. They not only filled
the streets, but climbed upon every available vantage point in order to
see the Belgians. Some little boys had found a place on the pedestal of
the statue of Queen Victoria and sat there quite contentedly. Lines of
motor cars stood waiting at the station, while the police had great
difficulty in keeping back the crowds, who threatened to crush each
other in their eager desire to get near the platform.
The first party, over five hundred in number, which was received in
Leeds, was expected one evening at five o’clock. Being detained in
London, they did not arrive until about twelve o’clock, and yet that
immense multitude remained waiting on the street. The danger and
inconvenience which await strangers, unaccustomed to the habits and
language of a foreign country was anticipated, precautions being taken
by the Lord Mayor and Relief Committee for the purpose of protecting
these people, who were regarded as the guests of the nation. Two armed
policemen kept unbroken watch at the entrance to the reception hall, and
no one was permitted to enter who was not in some manner connected with
the work of the Relief Committee. They were required to have cards of
admission themselves. Though not obliged to do so, all those connected
with this work wore the Belgian colors.
Two Little Sisters of the Poor of England and a Sister from Belgium, who
acted as interpreter, were requested to remain on guard in the women’s
department during the night, while a policeman performed the same duty
in the men’s part of the building.
When the refugees reached the station, they were received by members of
the Relief Committee, and while the cheers and greetings of the
assembled multitudes resounded on all sides, they were taken in motor
cars to the City Hall or other public building, where a bounteous supper
awaited them. Food was abundant. There was soup and meat; bread, butter,
fruit and preserves, with plenty of coffee, and boiled milk for the
little children. How the refugees did enjoy this good meal, the first
which many of them had tasted since they left their own homes in
Belgium.
An address of welcome was then delivered by the Lord Mayor of the city,
which was translated into the Flemish language, and responded to by one
of the several Belgian priests who were resident pastors in England, and
who met the refugees at the station, or came to the City Hall for this
purpose.
After supper, all retired as quickly and quietly as possible. A
sufficient number of mattresses, sheets, blankets, pillows and shawls
had been provided by the wealthy residents. The mattresses were
stretched out upon the floors of several large rooms, about a foot
apart, and there the beds made up. A separate room was arranged for
mothers with small children. Some of these little ones were so ill and
tired that they cried all night long.
One child was only seventeen days old. He was born in Alexandria Palace,
and, being the first Belgian born on English soil, received the name of
Albert George Alexander, and the gift of a beautiful silver watch from
an English princess, with his royal name engraved upon it. One poor
woman told of having kept her child, three months old, from starving by
giving it sugar with water from the ditches along the route. Truly no
distinction was here to be observed between rich or poor, high or low
class of people. All were grateful to receive the lowly place of rest
offered on the floors of the museum, with the costly paintings on the
walls around them. A poor old woman was suffering from asthma and was
taken to the Home of the Little Sisters of the Poor, where in a few days
she was found to be in a dying condition.
Next morning we took some food to a gentleman about eighty-five years
old, who, with his wife and adopted daughter, had fled from St.
Rombout’s Cathedral during the bombardment of the City of Mechelen. He
had been the proprietor of a large iron foundry in that city, and in his
business had amassed a considerable fortune. As his health began to
decline, he sold the foundry and bought fifteen houses to rent. Because
of the unexpected attack on the city he was obliged, with many others,
to take flight, not having had time to return home for money, clothing
or even a handkerchief. He was very ill with bronchitis, and was also
taken to the Little Sisters of the Poor.
Next morning many of the refugees attended Mass in the nearest Catholic
Church, after which they returned for breakfast at eight o’clock. The
tables were well supplied with bread, butter, coffee, fruit, preserves
and crackers, or small cookies. After breakfast discourses were
delivered to the assembled Belgians, explaining the customs and habits
of the country in which they were about to reside, and instructions and
information given. At the close of this address the work of
registration, which, in some cases was begun the evening before, was
continued. The names and residences, the number of members in each
family, the daily occupation of each and other particulars were
carefully recorded, special care being taken to keep all the members of
families and relatives in groups together.
One thing which occasioned great anxiety to nearly all the refugees was
the fact that some member, and in a number of cases several members, of
their families was missing. In these cases the relief committees
advertised in the newspapers, making public the names and former
residences of the missing parties, and thus sought in every manner to
obtain information regarding them. In many cases they were successful,
greatly to the joy of the refugees.
A woman from the vicinity of Antwerp aroused the special sympathy of all
who met her. She, with her husband and several children, in company with
other refugees, left Antwerp on a train bound for Holland. Several
Belgian soldiers were also on the train. During the journey they were
fired upon by the enemy. The engineer sprang from the locomotive and ran
away. Many of the refugees rushed out of the compartments and,
panic-stricken, sought refuge wherever a place of safety could be found.
Almost at the same moment one of the soldiers then on the train, who was
himself an engineer, sprang into the locomotive, and the train started
again on its way to Holland. This all occurred in a few moments. In the
confusion which took place when the train was fired upon, this woman’s
daughter, aged thirteen, unobserved by her parents, had jumped off the
train with the others and was left in Antwerp, while the parents and
other children were hurried off to Holland, and from Holland to England,
having no opportunity to obtain information regarding their lost child.
While the refugees remain at those ancient homesteads, the proprietors
have taken upon themselves the responsibility of providing everything
needed in the line of food and clothing, the Belgians being required
only to prepare their own food and to do their own work. This situation
was somewhat trying for the wealthier class, who were in no way
accustomed to ordinary labor. In each locality some one was appointed to
take the refugees to the nearest Catholic church until they became
familiar with the streets and knew the way themselves.
Through the zeal and generosity of the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress of
Bradford, and prominent members of the Relief Committee in Leeds and
Keighley, who not only gave us the use of their motor cars several
times, but also, when not engaged, accompanied those who visited the
refugees, we had the satisfaction of calling upon many of the Belgians
in their new homes. This courtesy afforded us also a good opportunity of
seeing and admiring those stately old castles and the lovely groves and
grounds which surround them.
We saw the remains of the old Kirkstall Abbey, there in the valley among
the hills of Yorkshire.
On a brass tablet in the chapter house is found the following
inscription:
THE CITY OF LEEDS.
“_Pro Rege et Lege._”
KIRKSTALL ABBEY.
This Abbey was founded by Henri de Laci, Baron of
Pontefract, in the year 1147. It was first
established at Barnoldswick,
in Craven, by the Cistercian Order of Monks. In the year 1152
the monks removed from Barnoldswick to Kirkstall, and on the
present site erected a temporary church. The present church and
claustral buildings were completed during the life of the first
abbot, who died in the year 1182.
-------
This Abbey was surrendered to the Crown at the Dissolution of
Monasteries, on November 22nd, 1539. The Abbey and part of the
adjoining lands were acquired from the representatives of the
late
EARL OF CARDIGAN,
Colonel J. T. North,
a native of Leeds, and presented by him to the Corporation of
Leeds in the year 1889, during the mayoralty of Alderman John
Ward, J. P., to be held in trust for his fellow-citizens as a
place of public resort and recreation forever.
The Works of Preservation were completed by the Corporation in
the year 1895, during the mayoralty of Alderman Peter Gilston,
J. P.
As a skeleton protruding from a grave of the past, so appears the empty
frame of this ancient structure. The church-like form of the chapel,
where the monks of old chanted the divine Office and said their daily
prayers; the old, crumbling belfry, where the doves coo and wild birds
make their nests; the altar, the refectory and other apartments within,
are yet clearly distinguishable. But the storm winds, howling through
the frameless doors and windows, awake the echoes of those voices long
hushed beneath the ruined walls, and recall another period of war, when
the destroying flames desecrated this hallowed shrine as do now the
bombs and shrapnels the institutions of Continental Europe.
This is one of the most noted of those ancient ruins, and arouses the
interest and admiration of all tourists who visit this part of England.
On another afternoon we were shown through an old but well-preserved
castle of the seventeenth century, whose low ceilings, stretching out
over the spacious halls and parlors, heavy black mouldings and
ornamentation form a striking contrast to the design, structure and
decoration of the present age. The lady proprietress of this handsome
manor was to be seen with the white cap and apron of a nurse, walking to
and from her castle, in the service of the refugees.
The pretty rural names given these old homesteads, such as Oakwood,
Laurel Grove, Ambleside Avenue, Arnos Vale and many others, lend them
another charm and give a romantic touch to their beauty.
While the scenes witnessed among the refugees were, for the most part,
sad and depressing, nevertheless a little incident occurred which
touched the mirthful chord in our poor human nature, and afforded us the
rare pleasure of a good hearty laugh.
One afternoon during the last week of our visit in England a message was
received from members of the Relief Committee in Bradford, asking for an
interpreter to come to the assistance of some refugees at Oakwood, whose
affairs had become complicated. Two of us set out immediately and
arrived at the office of the Relief Committee to hold a conference on
the subject. It was decided to visit Oakwood at once and make a thorough
investigation of the case. A party of three or four ladies, led by the
Hon. Mr. D——, of the Relief Committee, arrived in a motor car at the
entrance to the lovely manor of Oakwood just as the heavy branches of
the ancient oaks had succeeded in closing out the last rays of the
setting sun.
Mr. D—— advanced with a firm determination to make short work of the
matter and settle the difficulties with one good bang of his big cane.
He entered the portal, followed by the ladies, and stood a moment before
the beautiful plate-glass doors, through which the light of the hall
lamp was reflecting in all the colors of the rainbow on the oak carvings
of the outer doors. Not finding the bell, he tapped gently on the door
with the top of his cane. Again and again this act was repeated, but no
response came, although voices inside were distinctly audible.
Becoming quite impatient, Mr. D—— lifted his cane and struck the door
one or two resounding blows, which were calculated to attract the
attention of the indifferent people within. A deathly silence ensued for
a few moments, and then a chorus of women’s voices began to cry out,
“Call the police! Call the police! ’Tis burglars! What do they mean by
coming here and breaking down our doors?” One old lady approached the
door and asked: “Who is there, and what do you want? We’re frightened
almost to death. Is that the way to do, to come and pound on the door in
that manner?” By this time Mr. D—— had succeeded in making himself
heard, as he answered in a tone of sincere sorrow, “I beg pardon,
ladies, I really beg pardon. I meant no harm. I meant no harm at all.”
By this time the door was partially opened and three panic-stricken old
ladies appeared within, while Mr. D——, with his hat in one hand and the
offending cane in the other, was bowing most meekly and making elaborate
excuses to the ladies, who, seeing the humble attitude of the supposed
burglar, ceased to call for the police and were disposed to answer any
reasonable question.
“Will you be kind enough to lead us to the Belgian refugees?” asked Mr.
D——. “But,” said one of the ladies, “there are no Belgians here. You’ve
made a mistake. The refugees are living in the castle yonder on the next
manor.”
Thanking these good ladies for the information, and again begging pardon
for intrusion, we left the portal with more humble feelings than when we
entered and proceeded to the next castle.
The trouble here originated between two parties of Belgians who, on
account of language (the one spoke French, the other Flemish) and whose
political views were intensely antagonistic while yet in Belgium, were
unable to agree. Some slight changes were made by the Relief Committee
and all dissension ceased.
Next morning a dense fog enveloped the entire landscape. The damp,
chilly atmosphere seemed to penetrate every nook and corner, and on the
streets, at a few yards distance, objects were scarcely visible. Some
necessary preparations were made for the long-anticipated voyage to
America, and then we patiently awaited the rapidly approaching steamer
St. Paul, on her way to Liverpool.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER XIX.
HOMEWARD BOUND.
Saturday, October 31, at three o’clock in the afternoon, a mixed
assembly met on the pier in Liverpool and gazed, with not a little
apprehension, at the roily waters of the harbor and the ever-increasing
clouds of mist.
The St. Paul, while not one of the largest or most pretentious of the
American steamers, is by no means the least. Nineteen years ago she
passed us in mid-ocean, although she had left New York three days later
than we. Her parlors, refectory, and even the berths, are exceedingly
neat and comfortable. The dining-room is particularly attractive. One
thing especially noticeable on this ship is the absence of all
disagreeable, smoky or gaseous odors, which on some steamers taint even
the best-prepared viands, and often cause a feeling of nausea the moment
one enters the gangway.
May her patron, the good St. Paul, who on earth had taken so many
perilous journeys on land and sea, ever watch over his graceful white
sea-bird and lead her safely into the wished-for harbor.
Promptly at five o’clock the gong, sounding through the gangway, gave
notice of departure. For an hour or two we stood on deck and gazed out
upon the rapidly retreating lights of Liverpool, casting their rays so
awkwardly through the heavy fog which decked both land and sea.
When the last light fades out on the shore and despondency overwhelms
poor human nature, exposed to the unseen dangers of the deep, then
confidence is restored by the thought that we are ever in the presence
of Him whose watchful eye never closes, and without Whose knowledge not
even a sparrow falls to the ground.
CONFIDENCE.
God is on the sea,
As well as on the land,
Since all the mighty powers that be
Are resting in His hand.
He who gently moves the deep,
And holds the firmament above,
Will His people safely keep,
Who are trusting in His love.
He who rules the swelling wave,
When the storm is raging nigh,
Can our tortured spirits save
From His Throne of Grace on high.
And should the angel, Death,
Spread his wings above the wave,
Then our last, our dying breath,
Must be: Save! Oh Jesus, save!
Grant us Thy celestial joy
In the realms of love and light,
Where no toils, no cares annoy,
The just one, in Thy sight.
Bring our spirits home to Thee,
Where the angels’ joyous band,
Far above the deep, dark sea,
’Round Thy throne forever stand.
Before concluding, it may not be out of place to refer particularly to
the noble feelings of fraternal charity which existed among the English
people, not only in regard to the Belgians, whom they so generously
received and housed, but also with respect to their conduct toward their
Catholic fellow-citizens engaged with them in this charitable work. We
heard no more of those petty enmities which so often had arisen in times
past as to race, creed or nationality. The Catholic priest and
Protestant minister worked side by side in this good work. Ladies of
every denomination united their efforts and offered their time and money
for the sole purpose of helping the needy. No compensation was expected,
no material gains to be obtained. Thus every work performed was a work
of perfect self-sacrifice, and deserved a greater reward than earth can
repay. A golden link in the chain of love will ever more unite the
hearts of England and Belgium.
Further experience has shown that these golden links have multiplied
until the chain extends across the Atlantic, and holds in its friendly
tangles the heart of America also; who, of her rich abundance, has dealt
out to Belgium the clothing and life-giving foodstuffs which during the
past two years have saved the country from famine.
When this period of anguish is over and historians are recording for
future generations the horrors of this awful conflict, may they also
give just praise to the All-wise Being who has caused the fragrant rose
of charity to bloom among the weeds of war.
We were, or seemed to be, far out in the Irish Sea before we could tear
ourselves away from that wonderful sight. The sea was as yet quite calm,
and a number of hungry seagulls were flying around as if to bid us a
last farewell; so we remained on deck until it was found necessary to
enter and make arrangements for the night.
We were sadly disappointed on that dismal Hallow E’en in not being able
to obtain a glimpse of our own dear little Emerald Isle, so near and
dear, and yet so far away.
Next morning, Sunday, Feast of All Saints, found us out in the deep
waters of the channel, but the sea still remained calm. At half-past
seven o’clock we assisted at the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, offered up
in one of the ship’s parlors.
When the service was ended we returned to our rooms, where in a few
hours we were all undergoing severe attacks of seasickness.
When again we walked the deck it was to inhale the invigorating salt sea
breeze and admire the wondrous waste of waters with the clear blue sky
above, and in the depths reflected a most beautiful picture, “Sunset on
the Sea.”
A day or two later we encountered on board, a Belgian woman en route for
Illinois, where her daughter was living. She had only sufficient money
to pay her passage to New York City, and, being unable to speak the
English language, was in great distress. The necessary sum was donated
by a Catholic clergyman of Massachusetts, by a Belgian gentleman who was
on board, and a lady of the “Committee for the Protection of Travelers.”
All needful information was given, and when we arrived in New York City
she was safely placed on the midnight train for Illinois.
Thus ended a short but fascinating mission among the Belgian refugees in
England. Thus ended the troubles, trials and sorrows of three months in
“The Great War.”
May the gory cloud soon disappear from the eastern skies and never,
never darken the gold and azure of our own American horizon.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transcriber’s note:
The contents of pages 14 and 15 were printed in reverse order. This has
been corrected.
Page 14, ‘honered’ changed to ‘honored,’ “like their time-honored
forefathers”
Page 20, ‘discused’ changed to ‘discussed,’ “in which are represented
and discussed”
Page 27, semicolon inserted after ‘peacemakers,’ “the peacemakers;
“Blessed are the”
Page 33, double quote inserted before ‘Shrine,’ “or “Shrine of Our
Blessed Lady”
Page 95, ‘soldeirs’ changed to ‘soldiers,’ “to depart, the soldiers had
returned”
Page 105, ‘greatets’ changed to ‘greatest,’ “multitudes who, in the
greatest haste”
Page 117, ‘adjoinig’ changed to ‘adjoining,’ “in the refectory or
adjoining rooms”
Page 119, ‘almsot’ changed to ‘almost,’ “in an almost dying condition”
Page 125, ‘obilged’ changed to ‘obliged,’ “would be obliged to ride”
Page 129, ‘Bom’ changed to ‘Boom,’ “back of the Boom street”
Page 136, ‘callar’ changed to ‘cellar,’ “others in the cellar, returned”
Page 150, ‘Russel’ changed to ‘Russell,’ “Southampton Row, Russell
Square, London”
Page 153, ‘Which’ changed to ‘which,’ “which seems to resemble”
Page 158, full stop changed to comma after ‘Mercier,’ “Card. Mercier, of
the Archdiocese”
Page 161, ‘woman’s’ changed to ‘women’s,’ “in the women’s department
during”
Page 167, ‘remians’ changed to ‘remains,’ “We saw the remains of the”
Page 172, double quote inserted after ‘doors?,’ “down our doors?” One
old lady”
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