| By Author | [ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Other Symbols ] |
| By Title | [ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Other Symbols ] |
| By Language |
|
Download this book: [ ASCII ] Look for this book on Amazon Tweet |
Title: London and Its Environs Described, vol. 3 (of 6) - Containing an Account of whatever is most remarkable for - Grandeur, Elegance, Curiosity or Use
Author: Anonymous
Language: English
As this book started as an ASCII text book there are no pictures available.
*** Start of this LibraryBlog Digital Book "London and Its Environs Described, vol. 3 (of 6) - Containing an Account of whatever is most remarkable for - Grandeur, Elegance, Curiosity or Use" ***
LONDON
AND ITS
ENVIRONS
DESCRIBED.
VOL. III.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
LONDON
AND ITS
ENVIRONS
DESCRIBED.
CONTAINING
An Account of whatever is most remarkable for GRANDEUR, ELEGANCE,
CURIOSITY or USE,
In the CITY and in the COUNTRY
Twenty Miles round it.
COMPREHENDING ALSO
Whatever is most material in the History and Antiquities
of this great Metropolis.
Decorated and illustrated with a great Number of Views in Perspective,
engraved from original Drawings, taken on purpose for this Work.
Together with a PLAN of LONDON,
A Map of the ENVIRONS, and several other
useful CUTS.
VOL. III.
LONDON:
Printed for R. and J. DODSLEY in Pall Mall.
----------
M DCC LXI.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
LONDON
AND ITS
ENVIRONS
DESCRIBED, &c.
GAP
_St._ GABRIEL’S, a church which stood opposite to Cullum street, the
middle of Fenchurch street, in Langbourn ward; but being destroyed by
the fire of London and not rebuilt, the parish was annexed to the
church of St. Margaret Pattens.
GAINSFORD _street_, Horselydown lane.†
GALLARD’S _Almshouse_, in Golden lane, was founded by Richard Gallard of
Islington, Esq; for thirteen poor men and women, who were to receive
only two pence a week each, and a load of charcoal yearly amongst them
all. By this small allowance, it appears that this house must be of a
very ancient foundation. _Maitland._
GAP _yard_, Stepney Causeway.
GARDENS _court_, 1. Baldwin’s gardens.☐ 2. St. Botolph Bishopsgate
church yard.☐ 3. Clement’s Inn.☐ 4. Clifford’s Inn.☐ 5. Furnival’s
Inn.☐ 6. Lincoln’s Inn.☐ 7. Middle Temple.☐ 8. Petticoat lane.☐ 9.
Serjeants Inn.☐ 10. Sion College.☐ 11. Staple’s Inn.☐ 12. Star street,
Wapping Wall.☐ 13. Thavie’s Inn.☐
GARDEN _row_, 1. Inner Temple.☐ 2. Lower street, Islington.☐ 3. Unicorn
alley, Shoreditch.☐
GARDENERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King
James I. in the year 1616. They are governed by a Master, two Wardens,
and eighteen Assistants; but have neither hall nor livery.
GARDINER’S _court_, Gardiner’s lane, King street, Westminster.†
GARDINER’S _ground_, Collingwood street.
GARDINER’S _lane_, 1. High Timber street. 2. King street, Westminster.
3. Maiden lane. 4. Neathouse lane. 5. Petty France, Westminster. 6.
Willow street.
GARDINER’S _row_, Chelsea.
GARLAND _alley_, Bishopsgate street.
GARLAND _court_, 1. Ocean street, Stepney. 2. Trinity lane.
GARLIC _hill_, Thames street; so called from the garlick market formerly
held thereabout. _Stow._
GARRAT _street_, Cock lane, Shoreditch.†
GARRET’S _Almshouse_, in Porter’s fields, and in the liberty of Norton
Falgate, was founded in the year 1729, by Nicholas Garret, Esq;
citizen and weaver, for the accommodation of six poor members of his
company, each of whom has also an annual allowance of 8_l._, a
chaldron of coals, and dozen and a half of candles. _Maitland._
GARRET’S _rents_, Coleman street.†
GARTER _court_, Barbican.*
GARTER _yard_, Ratcliff Highway.
GASSON, a village in the parish of Blechingley, in Surry, at the source
of the river Medway.
GATEHOUSE, Tothill street, Westminster, is so called from two gates,
erected there in the reign of Edward III. Here is a prison for debtors
and criminals.
GATE _street_, Lincoln’s Inn fields.
GATTON, a very small borough in Surry, eighteen miles from London, under
the side of a hill in the road to Ryegate. This is a very ancient
town; and from the Roman coins and other antiquities found there, is
supposed to have been well known to the Romans; but though it is a
borough by prescription, and has sent members to parliament ever since
the 29th of Henry VI. and though it was formerly a large and populous
place, it now resembles a very mean village; it having only a small
church, and neither a fair nor market. The members are returned by its
constable, who is annually chosen at the Lord of the manor’s court.
This parish is famous for a quarry of white stone, which, though very
soft, will endure the fire admirably well; but neither the sun nor the
air; on which account it is much used for glass houses, and by
chemists and bakers.
GAUNT’S _key_. Thames street.†
GENEVA _row_, Tyburn road.†
GENTEE’S _passage_, Nibb’s Pound.†
GEORGE _alley_, 1. Aldgate street, within.* 2. Bishopsgate street.* 3.
In the Borough.* 4. Coleman street.* 5. Field lane, at the bottom of
Holborn hill.* 6. George street, York buildings.* 7. Holles street,
Clare market.* 8. King Tudor’s street.* 9. Lombard street, Gracechurch
street.* 10. Lower Shadwell. 11. St. Margaret’s hill.* 12. New George
street, Spitalfields.* 13. Rotherhith.* 14. Saffron hill.* 15. Shoe
lane, Fleet street.* 16. Stony street.* 17. In the Strand.* 18. Thames
street.* 19. Turnmill street.* 20. York buildings.*
GEORGE AND VULTURE _alley_, Cornhill.*
[Illustration:
_S. Wale delin._ _Elliot sculp._
_Bloomsbury Church._
]
GEORGE _court_, 1. Bennet’s hill.* 2. Coleman street.* 3. East
Smithfield.* 4. George street, Conduit street.* 5. George street in
the Mint.* 6. Gravel lane.* 7. Hatton Wall.* 8. St. John’s lane.* 9.
Little St. Thomas Apostles.* 10. Near Newington Turnpike.* 11.
Prince’s street, Spitalfields.* 12. Seacole lane, Snow hill.*
GEORGE INN _yard_, in the Borough.*
GEORGE _lane_, St. Botolph lane.*
GEORGE’S _buildings_, 1. Catharine Wheel alley, Whitechapel.† 2. Near
Rosemary lane.† 3. Jermain street.†
_St._ GEORGE’S _Bloomsbury_, is one of the fifty new churches appointed
to be built by act of parliament within the bills of mortality. The
name of St. George was given to it in honour of his present Majesty;
and it received the additional epithet of Bloomsbury, from its
situation, to distinguish it from others of the same name.
The portico through which you enter the church stands on the south
side, as is represented in the print. It is of the Corinthian order,
and makes a very good figure in the street, but has no affinity to the
church, which is very heavy, and would be better suited with a Tuscan
portico. The tower and steeple at the west, is a very extraordinary
structure. On the top standing on a round pedestal or altar, is a
colossal statue of the late King, supported by a pyramid. At the
corners near the base are alternately placed the lion and unicorn the
British supporters, with festoons between: these animals being very
large, are injudiciously placed over columns very small, which makes
them appear monsters. The under part is heavy enough, but not
connected with the church. The introduction of figures and other
pieces of sculpture into steeples, which are so much the work of
fancy, and where the artist is not so much confined as in the other
parts of the building, if managed with taste and propriety might be
made elegant ornaments, and would make a fine variety with the
architectonic ones with which the city already abounds.
This church was erected at the public expence, and consecrated in
January 1731. A district for its parish was by authority of parliament
taken out of that of St. Giles’s, and the sum of 3000_l._ was given
towards the support of its Rector, to which being added 1250_l._ by
the inhabitants of St. Giles’s parish, both sums were ordered to be
laid out in the purchase of lands, tenements, &c. in fee simple, as a
perpetual fund for the maintenance of the Rector and his successors;
but the poor of this parish and that of St. Giles’s in the Fields, are
to be maintained by the joint assessment of both parishes, in the same
manner as before their being divided.
_St._ GEORGE’S _Botolph lane_, is like all the other churches of this
name, dedicated to St. George of Cappadocia, the martyr and tutelar
saint of the English nation, and is situated on the west side of
Botolph lane, Thames street. The old church was destroyed by the fire
of London in 1666, and the present edifice built in its stead. It is
enlightened with a single series of tall windows, and the steeple
consists of a plain tower ornamented with vases at the four corners.
This is a rectory in the gift of the Crown; and to this parish that of
St. Botolph’s Billingsgate is united by act of parliament.
_St._ GEORGE’S _fields_, a large space between Lambeth and Southwark,
where have been found many Roman coins, chequered pavements, and
bricks, it being the center of three Roman ways. Since the building of
Westminster bridge, a new road has been made across these fields,
which leading into the Borough forms a communication between the two
bridges.
_St._ GEORGE’S _Hanover square_, is situated on the east side of George
street, near the square, whence it had its additional epithet. This is
one of the churches that were found necessary, upon the great increase
of public buildings in this part of the town; for the church of St
Martin’s in the Fields being at too great a distance from the new
streets, and too small for the inhabitants, the Commissioners for the
fifty new churches gave orders for erecting one in the skirts of the
parish, on which this august pile arose, and was consecrated in 1724.
This church, considering the extent of the parish, is too small. It
has a plain body with an elegant portico: the columns, which are
Corinthian, are of a large diameter, and the pediment has its
acroteria, but without farther ornament. It has a tower, which, above
the clock, is elegantly adorned at the corners with coupled Corinthian
columns that are very lofty. These are crowned with their entablature,
which at each corner supports two vases, and over these the tower
still rises till it is terminated by a dome crowned with a turret
which supports a ball, over which rises the weather-cock.
This church is a rectory; the parish at first consisted of the two out
wards of that of St. Martin’s in the Fields; but it has now four
wards, named Conduit street, Grosvenor street, Dover street, and the
out ward. The advowson is settled upon the Bishop of London and his
successors. The profits arising to the Rector, are said to amount to
about 600_l._ _per annum_. Lieutenant General Stewart gave the ground
on which this church was erected, and some time after bequeathed to
this parish the sum of 4000_l._ towards erecting and endowing a
charity school in it.
_St._ GEORGE’S _Middlesex_, situated on the north side of Ratcliff
Highway, is another of the churches occasioned by the increase of
buildings in a part of the town opposite to the former. The
Commissioners for erecting fifty new churches caused the foundation to
be laid in the year 1715, and the structure was finished in 1729.
This is a massy structure, erected in a very singular taste. The floor
is raised a considerable height above the level of the ground; and to
the principal door, which is in the west front of the tower, is an
ascent by a double flight of steps, cut with a sweep, and defended by
a low wall of the same form; but what is most singular in this
structure, is, there are two turrets over the body of the church, and
one on the tower, which last is in the manner of a fortification, with
a staff on the top for an occasional flag. The author of _The Review
of the Public Buildings_ calls this edifice a mere Gothic heap of
stone, without form or order.
The parish is taken out of that of Stepney; and by act of parliament
the hamlet of Wapping Stepney is appropriated to that purpose, and in
all respects rendered independent of Stepney parish. Towards the
maintenance of the Rector and his successors, the parliament gave the
sum of 3000_l._ to be laid out in the purchase of lands, tenements,
&c. in fee simple; and as a farther provision, the churchwardens are
annually to pay him the sum of 100_l._ to be raised by burial fees.
The advowson of this rectory, like that of Stepney, is in the
Principal and Scholars of King’s hall, and Brazen nose college,
Oxford.
_St._ GEORGE’S _Queen square_, also arose from the increase of
buildings. Several gentlemen at the extremity of the parish of St.
Andrew’s Holborn, having proposed the erecting of a chapel for
religious worship, Sir Streynsham Master, and fourteen of the other
neighbouring gentlemen, were appointed trustees for the management of
this affair. These gentlemen in the year 1705, agreed with Mr. Tooley
to give him 3500_l._ for erecting a chapel and two houses, intending
to reimburse themselves by the sale of pews; and this edifice being
finished the next year, they settled annual stipends for the
maintenance of a chaplain, an afternoon preacher who was also reader,
and a clerk, giving to the first and second a salary of 100_l._ each,
and to the last 50_l._ But the Commissioners for erecting fifty new
churches resolving to make this one of them, purchased it, caused a
certain district to be appointed for its parish, and had it
consecrated in the year 1723, when it was dedicated to St. George in
compliment to Sir Streynsham Master, who had been Governor of Fort St.
George in the East Indies. _Maitland._
This church is a plain common building void of all elegance; it is
however convenient and well enlightened. The rectory, like that of St.
Andrew’s, is in the Duke of Montague’s gift.
_St._ GEORGE’S _Southwark_, is situated at the south east corner of St.
Margaret’s hill. There was a church in this place before the year
1122, which in 1629, was repaired and beautified within. This edifice
was preserved by its situation, from the dreadful conflagration in
1666; but the decays of age rendered it necessary to take it down in
1734, when the present church was begun, and finished in 1736.
To this church there is an ascent by a flight of steps, defended by
plain iron rails. The door case, which is Ionic, has a circular
pediment, ornamented with the heads of Cherubims in clouds; and on
each side of this pediment, which reaches to the height of the roof,
the front is adorned with a ballustrade and vases. From this part the
tower rises plain, strengthened with rustic quoins, as is the body of
the building, and on the corners of the tower are again placed vases.
From this part the diminution is too great; and from hence are raised
a series of Ionic columns supporting the base of the spire, which has
ribs on the angles, and openings in all the faces. The top is crowned
with a ball from which rises the vane.
This church is a rectory in the gift of the Crown; the profits of
which to the Incumbent amount to about 220_l._ a year. _English
Architect._ _Maitland._
_St._ GEORGE’S HOSPITAL, near Hyde Park Corner. This undertaking was set
on foot soon after Michaelmas 1733, by some gentlemen who were before
concerned in a charity of the like kind in the lower part of
Westminster. This house they judged convenient for their purpose, on
account of its air, situation, and nearness to town; they therefore
procured a lease of it, and opened a subscription for carrying on the
charity here, which increased so fast, that on the 19th of October
they were formed into a regular society, and actually began to receive
patients on the first of January following.
Here are admitted the poor, sick, and lame, who are supplied with
advice, medicine, diet, washing, lodging, and some of the miserable
with cloaths also. The Physicians visit their patients on Mondays and
Fridays, and on all intermediate days whenever occasion requires; but
the Surgeon attends every day; and on every Friday morning there is a
general consultation of all the Physicians and Surgeons. No security
for the burial of the patients is required, nor any money, gift, or
reward taken of them or their friends, on any account whatsoever.
Those who die, if their friends are unable to bury them, are interred
at the charge of the society. And the money collected in the poor box
at the door, is kept as a separate fund for furnishing those with some
little sum of money, whose distance from their habitations, or other
particular necessities, require it.
The apothecaries, who are Governors, are appointed to attend by
rotation as visitors, to see that the apothecary of the house takes
due care of the medicines and patients. Two visitors are chosen weekly
out of the subscribers, to attend daily, and take care, by examining
the provision and patients, that the orders of the society are
punctually observed, that the patients are treated in every respect
with order and tenderness, and to make a report in writing of their
observations.
Prayers are read daily to the patients; a sermon is preached every
Sunday, the communion is administered every month, and the chaplain
attends at other times to catechize and perform other religious
offices, as often as their cases require; and when the patients are
discharged, religious tracts are given to each of them, for their
farther edification.
A board of Governors meet every Wednesday morning, to do the current
business of the hospital, to receive and examine the reports of the
visitors, to discharge and admit patients, to receive the complaints
and proposals of all persons, and to prepare such matters as are
proper for the consideration of general boards. A general board of the
Governors meet regularly five times a year.
The Governors are in number upwards of three hundred. No person
receiving salary, fee, or reward from the hospital, is capable of
being a Governor; but every other gentleman subscribing 5_l._ a year,
or upwards, or giving one benefaction of 50_l._ although he be not an
annual subscriber, is thereupon put in nomination to be a Governor,
and at the first general court, which is held one month afterwards, is
accordingly ballotted for by the Governors. The subscriptions are
received by the Treasurers, at the weekly board, held every Wednesday
morning in the hospital.
The other rules and regulations of this excellent hospital, are as
follow:
I. No person is to be admitted a patient, except in cases of
accidents, without a note from a Governor or contributor, specifying
the name and place of abode of such patient, and that he or she is a
proper object of this charity.
II. All recommendations are to be delivered every Wednesday morning,
by nine of the clock.
III. In case any out-patients neglect coming two weeks successively on
the day and hour they are ordered to attend, such out-patients shall
be discharged for irregularity, except they have had leave from their
Physician.
IV. No person discharged for irregularity is to be ever again admitted
into the hospital, upon any recommendation whatsoever.
V. No patient is to be suffered to go out of the hospital without
leave in writing; and to avoid giving offence, no leave is to be given
to any patient to go into St. James’s Park, or the Green Park, called
Constitution hill, upon any pretence whatsoever.
VI. No Governor, officer, or servant, must at any time presume, on
pain of expulsion, to take of any tradesman, patient, or other person,
any fee, reward, or gratification of any kind, directly, or
indirectly, for any service done, or to be done, on account of this
hospital.
VII. No person subscribing less than two guineas a year, can recommend
more than two in-patients in the year.
VIII. When there is not room for all the patients recommended at one
time to be received into the hospital, those are taken in whose
admission the board are of opinion, will most effectually answer the
end of the charity; and the rest, if proper objects, are admitted
out-patients, till there is room for them in the hospital. Most
consumptive and asthmatic cases are more capable of relief as
out-patients, than as in-patients.
By this noble foundation, there have been discharged from the
hospital, since its first receiving of patients on the first of
January 1733, to the 27th of December 1752, 60,188. Those in the house
on the 27th of December 1752, amounted to 273. The out-patients in the
books at the same time were 645, which in all made 61,106. _From the
account published by the General Board._
This hospital enjoys a fine situation, and has all the benefit of a
clear and pure air: it has the advantage of being a very neat, though
not an expensive building; and though it is extremely plain, it is not
void of ornament. It has two small wings, and a large front, with only
one door, which is in the middle, and to which there is an ascent by a
few steps. On the top of this part of the building is a pediment
raised above the rest of the edifice, and under this ornament is a
stone with an inscription, expressing the noble use to which this
structure is applied.
_St._ GEORGE’S _court_, Newington causeway.
GEORGE _stairs_, 1. Deptford.* 2. Shad Thames.*
GEORGE _street_, 1. Cambridge Heath.* 2. Foster lane, Cheapside.* 3.
Hanover square. 4. Little Chapel street. 5. In the Mint.* 6. Near
Tothill side. 7. Pall Mall. 8. Ratcliff highway. 9. Tyburn road. 10.
White row, Spitalfields.* 11. Windsor street. 12. York buildings. See
GREAT GEORGE _street_.
Some of the new streets of this name, were thus denominated in honour
of King George I. and II.
A list of the pictures belonging to General Guise, at his house in
George street, Hanover square.
On the left hand of the staircase.
A piece of architecture, rather large, adorned with many small figures
very graceful. The architecture, by Viviani. The figures, in his best
manner, by Sebastiano Ricci.
Two heads in one picture, a little smaller than life. They exhibit two
caricaturas, by Spagnoletto.
A portrait of some Spanish nobleman, half length, after the life, nobly
painted and well preserved, by Moriglio.
A head with part of the shoulders, and it seems to be the portrait of
some great man. In his first manner, by Titiano.
A picture, with many figures two feet high, representing Solomon’s
judgment. The invention, disposition, and colouring are equally
wonderful, by Pasqualini Romano, disciple of Andrea Sacchi.
A representation of our Saviour on his doleful way to Calvary. The
figures almost as big as the life, by Andrea Mantegna.
_Mantegna was Correggio’s master, and this picture was in the
collection of King Charles the First._
The rape of the Sabines. A picture of great merit both for invention and
colouring, the author unknown.
A figure as big as the life, of particular beauty, exhibiting St. Jerome
fervently praying, by Domenichino.
A head with part of the shoulders, as big as the life. It is the
portrait, painted by himself, of Francesco Mola.
A small sketch representing a sacrifice, with the temple of Diana. The
figures are many and wonderfully well disposed, by Pietro da Cortona.
_It goes about in print._
A small sketch in light and shadow, with many figures representing a
Saint, ready to suffer martyrdom, drawn with great liveliness and
taste, by Ant. Vandyke.
A small octagonal picture on a black stone, representing our Saviour
carried to the sepulchre, by Annibal Caracci.
A picture containing several figures about three feet high, exhibiting
St. Laurence’s martyrdom, by Tintoretto.
A landscape with figures one foot high, representing the martyrdom of
St. Peter Martir. The figures, by Agostino Caracci. The landscape, by
Gobbo de Caracci.
A sketch representing a victorious Prince carried in triumph. The
figures are many, a foot and a half high, and many of them
allegorical, by Giordano d’Anversa.
A large piece of architecture with figures. In his first manner, by
Nicol. Poussin.
A picture, containing some half lengths a little bigger than the life,
exhibiting Faith that gives her sword to a General, by Pietro della
Vecchia.
The portrait of a General, half length, a little bigger than the life.
It is believ’d to be a copy from Titian, by Luca Giordano.
A figure very artfully foreshorten’d, representing our Saviour dead, as
big as the life, by Lodovico Caracci.
A picture exhibiting a battle, full of figures about one foot high; and
one of the noblest performances of Bourgognone.
Apollo and Marsyas. The figures about three feet high, by Sebastiano
Ricci.
In the first and second rooms of the
ground floor.
A large picture containing some half lengths as big as the life, and
representing the taking our Saviour in the garden, by Giacomo da
Bassano.
A piece containing many half length figures as big as the life,
representing the prodigal son received by his father. A famous
performance of Guercino da Cento.
Sophonisba dying with grief in the arms of her damsel on receiving
doleful news. The figures are half lengths as big as the life. A
celebrated piece, by Domenichino.
Our Saviour known by the two disciples in the breaking of the bread. The
figures bigger than the life, by Lodovico Caracci.
The flight into Egypt. The figures as big as the life. A noble work, by
Guido Reni.
The heads of St. Andrew and St. Paul, bigger than the life. A valuable
performance, by Andrea Sacchi.
St. Elizabeth with St. John when a babe, musing on a cross made of
reeds. The figures smaller than the life. A renowned piece, by
Leonardo da Vinci.
Judith holding Holofernes’s head. A half length, very beautiful, by
Francesco Salviati.
Our Saviour’s nativity. The figures a little more than one foot high,
finished with extreme diligence. A rare work, by Baldassare Peruzzi.
Our Lady contemplating her babe. The figures about two feet and a half,
wonderfully well done after Correggio’s manner, by Francesco Mazzuoli,
commonly called Parmigianino.
A half length, as big as the life, representing a naked woman, by
Titiano.
_It is thought that this is the portrait of the woman that was
Titian’s model, when he drew the famous Venus now existing in the
room called_ La Tribuna, _in the Medicean gallery at Florence_.
Our Saviour taken down from the cross. The figures a little more than
one foot high, by Daniele da Volterra.
_This appears to be the sketch from which Daniel made the large
famous picture, that is now in one of the chapels of the church
called_ La Trinità de Monit, _at Rome_.
An oval picture representing Medusa’s head, bigger than the life,
painted with astonishing expression, by Rubens.
A holy family. The figures one foot high, compleatly finished, by Annib.
Caracci.
Our Saviour crowned with thorns. The figures a foot and a half high. One
of the best works in his first manner, by Correggio.
Our Lady with the two babes Jesus and John laying hold of a lamb, and
two angels devoutly looking on them, by Fran. Mazzuoli, called
Parmigianino.
_It was formerly in Charles the First’s collection._
Socrates and Alcibiades. Half lengths of about a foot and a half, by
Giorgione da Castelfranco, who was Titiano’s master.
A small picture representing our Lady’s assumption, and the apostles, by
Francesco Naldini.
_This was the sketch of a celebrated picture now in Florence._
Our Saviour’s circumcision. An original sketch, by Polidoro da
Caravaggio.
A picture in light and shadow, representing Diana and her nymphs in the
bath, changing Acteon into a stag. An original beautiful sketch. The
figures one foot high, by Nicolo dell’ Abate.
A small sketch for a ceiling in light and shadow, by Correggio.
Our Saviour’s supper, a small and most beautiful performance, by
Innocenzo da Imola.
_Innocenzo was one of Raphael’s best disciples._
A Venetian history, by Paolo Veronese.
_This is an original sketch of one of the large pictures painted by
Paolo in the_ Sala del Consiglio, _at Venice_.
A boy’s head, as big as the life, by Annibal Caracci.
Diana’s head, as big as the life, by Camillo Procaccini.
St. Catharine, a foot and a half high. A celebrated and well preserved
performance, by Benvenuto da Garofolo.
A landscape exhibiting the hunting of the hare, a beautiful work, by
Gobbo de Caracci.
Adam and Eve driven out of paradise by the angel. The figures one foot
high. A famous and well preserved work, by the Cavaliere Giuseppe d’
Arpino.
The head of a woman smiling, smaller than the life, by Leonardo da
Vinci.
A child’s head, smaller than the life, by Fra. Bartolomeo di San Marco.
The pale of an altar with figures bigger than the life, representing St.
Lucy,
St. John the Evangelist, St. Humphrey, and St. Francis. A famous
performance, by Correggio: except St. Humphrey’s figure, which having
been left unfinish’d by Correggio, was afterwards finished by
Spagnoletto.
The family of the Caracci’s, represented in a butcher’s shop, and those
celebrated painters in butchers dresses. _Annibal_ is weighing some
meat to a Swiss of the Cardinal of Bologna’s guard. _Agostino_ is
shaking a nail and trying if it holds fast, that he may hang on it a
leg of mutton which he holds in his left hand. The _Gobbo_ is lifting
up half a calf to hang it on a beam, and _Lodovico_ stoops down
killing a sheep. The mother of them is represented as a servant-maid
that comes to buy some meat. The likenesses are traditionally said to
be wonderful; and the whole of this no less odd than beautiful picture
was the most celebrated performance of Annibal Caracci.
Three half figures as big as the life, representing three ladies
diverting themselves with music, and a gentleman listening to them. In
all probability they were portraits, by Titiano.
A sketch of one of the most capital pictures in Venice, and preserved
there in a church. It represents our blessed Lady with St. Peter and
St. Francis, and a Venetian General of the Capello’s family come back
victorious from a battle against the Turks, who offers the standard
and the trophies of his victory to the altar of our Lady. The whole
Capello family is exhibited in this picture. A celebrated work, by
Titiano.
A landscape with figures. It represents part of the country near
Bologna, by Domenichino.
A woman representing Simplicity, with a dove in her hand. A half length
as big as the life, by Francesco Furino.
The good Samaritan. The figures are two feet high. A valuable picture,
by Sisto Badalocchi.
Our Lady with her babe, about two feet high, painted much after
Correggio’s manner, by Sebastian Ricci.
The head of a youth, a little smaller than the life, by Raphael.
Two small pictures, exhibiting two different martyrdoms of two saints,
by Giacomo del Po.
A small sketch, by Ciro Ferri, a disciple of Pietro da Cortona.
A picture exhibiting our Saviour’s nativity. The devotion and maternal
affection of our blessed Lady looking on her babe, is prodigiously
well expressed. St. Joseph stands admiring the compunction of two
shepherds contrasted by another that takes care of the ass. Of two
other shepherds, placed at some distance, one holds a light in his
hand and shows the other the manger, expressing a pious wonder.
Further off there is a most beautiful angel in the clouds proclaiming
the birth of our Saviour to the other shepherds. No picture ever
surpassed this most elaborate performance of Titiano.
_It was one of King Charles the First’s collection; and there are two
prints of it, an ancient one in wood, the other in copper-plate._
Another nativity, painted likewise with his usual delicacy and noble
expression, by the same Titiano.
Our Lady with her babe in her arms, near as big as the life, standing on
the clouds, supported and attended by cherubs and angels. Under it
there is a sight of the town of Bologna, and adjacent villages, all
painted in his best manner, by Annibal Caracci.
Susan tempted by the two old men, boldly and vigorously painted as big
as the life, by Agostino Caracci.
The slaughter of the innocents, containing nineteen figures as big as
the life. A master-piece both for composition and colouring, by
Valerio Castelli.
Two children bigger than the life, representing holy Love the conqueror
of profane Love; one of the best performances in his first manner, by
Guido Reni.
A lively figure of an Italian buffoon, drinking merrily, an half figure,
as big as the life, by Annibal Caracci.
The portrait of some Nobleman, a little more than a half length, by
Francesco Torbido, commonly called, il Moro Veronese.
_This painter was much admired by Titian himself._
A nativity of our Saviour. The figures about one foot high. The effect
of the light that shines out of the babe, and irradiates the whole
picture, is astonishing. This is a celebrated piece, by Cavalier
Cavedone.
A head as big as the life, representing our Saviour, painted in a bold
manner, by Agostino Caracci.
Apollo in the attitude of slaying Marsyas. The figures about two feet
high, by Andrea Sacchi.
Two small pictures, the one representing a mountebank drawing a tooth to
a clown, surrounded by many spectators; the other exhibiting many
people playing at balls upon the ground. Tho’ both these pictures are
copious in figures, yet there is none of them but has some posture or
meaning most lively and naturally expressed, by Michelangelo delle
Battaglie.
A small picture, containing our Lady and her babe, St. Joseph, and St.
Catharine, half figures, finely painted, by Bartolomeo Schidone.
A small picture, representing an angel that contemplates with a most
afflicted look one of the nails with which our Saviour was crucified,
holding it up in his hand, by Correggio.
A most beautiful sketch, representing our Saviour laid in the sepulchre,
with the Virgin who has swooned and is supported by the three Marys,
by Giacomo da Bassano.
Four small pictures, containing some figures two feet high, most
masterly painted, by Francesco Mazzuoli, called il Parmigianino.
A small picture with many figures, representing our Saviour shewn to the
people by Pilate. A noble performance, by Federigo Barocci.
A small picture, representing our Saviour appearing to Mary Magdalen in
the gardener’s form, by Raphael’s master Pietro Perugino.
The infant Jesus and St. John embracing. An excellent performance and
well preserved, by Raphael. Three heads in water colours, bigger than
the life, by Raphael.
A head of Joseph of Arimathea, as big as the life, by Federigo Barocci.
Pictures in the rooms of the first floor.
A half length, a little smaller than the life, representing St.
Catharine. A rare ancient picture, by Vettori Carpacio.
Our Lady with her babe and St. John. The proportion of the figures two
feet high. An incomparable performance of Andrea del Sarto.
A small picture representing a father with his two children praying, by
Giovanni Holbens.
A Nativity of our Saviour, containing eighteen figures two feet high.
The posture of our Lady that offers her breast to her babe, and that
of the babe itself, are most graceful; St. Joseph with them completes
one of the best groups that the art of painting ever produced; and
equally graceful is another group of three angels playing upon musical
instruments. Two other angels descend from heaven in an attitude of
adoration. Many more beautiful attitudes of devotion are those of the
shepherds, that fill up the left side of this astonishing performance
of the immortal Raphael.
_There are two fine prints of this picture._
Our Lady with her babe, St. Catharine and St. Francis. The proportion of
the figures two feet. An excellent and well preserved performance of
Paolo Veronese.
The view of a noble temple, our Saviour coming out of it, meets with
Magdalen, who is by him converted in the presence of some other women.
An excellent and well preserved performance, done in his first manner,
by Andrea del Sarto.
Two half lengths as big as the life of two women, one the mistress, the
other her maid. The mistress was probably a portrait. She holds the
looking glass with one hand, and with the other adjusts her head,
listening to the maid that speaks to her. This is one of the best
works of Domenichino.
Our Lady with her babe, the Magdalen, St. John, and St. Jerome. The
figures are about three feet high, painted with the greatest
gracefulness, by Francesco Mauzzoli, called il Parmigianino.
A Cupid drawn by two doves in a golden carr, and two other Cupids
playing about him encircled by a flower garland. A picture extremely
well preserved, as well as masterly done by Domenichino.
A copy of the famous nativity known under the name of _Correggio’s
night_; the figures two feet high, by Carlo Cignani.
Diana in the bath converting Acteon into a stag, with her nymphs about
her. An elegant composition nobly coloured, the figures a foot and a
half, by Tintoretto.
The communion of the Apostles, the figures a little above two feet.
There is a kindled lamp in this picture, which has a striking effect,
and the whole is painted with great vigour, by Tintoretto.
St. John preaching in the desart, beautified with many well-disposed
figures, by Gobbo de Caracci.
The fable of Erictonius delivered to the nymphs to be educated. Their
fear and wonder in spying the boy’s serpentine feet, and their
different attitudes, are most beautifully expressed. Each figure is
about half the bigness of nature, and painted with great spirit, by
Salvator Rosa.
A landscape, exhibiting Moses delivering from the snares of the
shepherds, the daughters of Reuel the Priest of Midian, that came, to
give drink to their cattle, by Domenichino.
Another small landscape, exhibiting some fishermen, and women washing
linen, by the same Domenichino.
A youth little less than the life, that plays upon the guitar, with a
boy behind that listens with pleasure to him. By the celebrated
Spanish disciple of Titian, Fernandos.
A half length, representing our Lord tempted in the desart, by Titiano.
Two most beautiful Cherubs heads as big as the life, by Domenichino.
A St. John’s head with a lamb, as big as the life, in his best manner,
by Guercino da Cento.
Marsyas and Apollo, with Mydas that sits as their judge. The figures
about a foot high. A fine performance both for invention and
colouring, by Andrea Schiavone.
A copy of the famous _Correggio’s Cupid_ as big as the life, by Annibal
Caracci.
An Ecce Homo, as big as the life, painted with great force of expression
by Lodovico Caracci.
Our Lord laid in the sepulchre, the figures a little more than a foot,
another noble work of Lodovico Caracci.
St. Francis in a vision supported by Angels. The proportion of the
figures about two feet high, admirably well painted, by Annibal
Caracci.
A little landscape, adorned with some pretty little figures, and it
looks as if painted after nature, by Gobbo de’ Caracci.
A Venus and Cupid as big as the life. An astonishing performance, by
Titiano.
A copy of one of the celebrated pictures of Raphael in the Roman
Vatican. This represents an achievement of the Emperor Constantine.
This copy appears to be the work of some great painter of the
Florentine school, being done in the most masterly manner.
Second floor.
A choir of Angels playing on several musical instruments, their
proportion about a foot and a half. God the Father supported by three
Cherubs, by Guido Reni.
_This is thought to be the original sketch of a picture done in fresco
by Guido, in St. Gregory’s church at Rome._
The martyrdom of St. Erasmus, the figures about two feet high. This is
the original sketch of the famous picture preserved in St. Peter’s at
Rome, by Nicolo Poussin.
Two pictures adorned with many beautiful figures, whose proportion is
about two feet. One represents the age of iron, the other the age of
copper; and they are the original models of the two pictures in
fresco, that are in the palace of Pitti at Florence, by Pietro da
Cortona.
The original sketch of one of the ceilings painted in the Barberini’s
palace at Rome, by Pietro da Cortona.
_It represents many allegorical figures._
A half length portrait as big as nature. The figure has a letter in one
hand, by Lodovico Caracci.
The portrait of Maria Robusti; a half length as big as nature, by Paris
Bourdon.
The picture of a woman as big as life, half length, by Giorgione da
Castelfranco.
A head with part of the shoulders, representing a Greek merchant, as big
as the life, by Michael Angelo da Caravaggio.
Our Lady with her babe, and St. John; the figures near as big as the
life. An excellent performance, by Titiano.
A half length with the hands, representing Diogenes the Cynic; masterly
done by Spagnoletto.
A half length portrait of himself, by Tintoretto.
A portrait down to the knee, of the celebrated Naugerius, as big as the
life, by Tintoretto.
The nativity of our Saviour, enriched with many beautiful figures about
one foot high, by Francesco Zuccarelli.
A carton in water colours representing the holy family. The figures near
as big as the life, by Andrea del Sarto.
An Emperor on horseback, the horse white, the proportion about two feet;
a bold and noble work of Giulio Romano.
_It was once in King Charles the First’s collection._
A finished sketch of King Charles the First’s white horse, its
proportion about two feet, by Vandyke.
The slaughter of the Innocents, and Herod on a throne commanding it, by
Bourgognone.
Ariadne abandoned by Theseus, a naked figure as big as the life, by
Francesco Furino.
GEORGE _yard_, 1. Beer lane, Tower street.* 2. Bow lane.* 3. Bishopsgate
street.* 4. Cable street.* 5. Dean street, Soho.* 6. Dorset garden,
Fleet street.* 7. Duke street, Grosvenor square.* 8. Fore street,
Lambeth.* 9. Golden lane.* 10. High Holborn.* 11. Hog lane, St.
Giles’s pound.* 12. Islington.* 13. Kent street, Southwark.* 14.
Little Britain.* 15. Little Tower hill.* 16. Gracechurch street,
Lombard street.* 17. Long Acre.* 18. Old street.* 19. Plough yard,
Broadway.* 20. Redcross street, Southwark.* 21. Saffron hill.* 22.
Seacoal lane, Snow hill.* 23. Thames str.* 24. Tower hill.* 25.
Turnmill street.* 26. Whitechapel.*
GEORGIA OFFICE, lately under the government of the Trustees for settling
the colony of Georgia, is now united to the Office of Trade and
Plantations, and kept in the Treasury.
GERRARD’S HALL, on the south side of Basing lane, a large and very old
house built upon stone arches, supported by sixteen pillars, called
Gerard’s Hall from a giant of that name, which it is ridiculously
supposed lived there. In the high roofed hall stood for some time a
large fir pole, which it is pretended Gerard the giant used to run
with in the wars, and a ladder of the same length, said to be made in
order to ascend to the top of the staff. Stow justly supposes that
these circumstances are fabulous, and observes that John Gisors, Mayor
of London, was the owner of this edifice in the year 1245, and that it
was a long time possessed by others of the same name and family;
whence he with great probability concludes, that Gisor’s Hall was by
corruption called Gerard’s Hall. _Maitl._
GERMAN’S _yard_, Stepney rents, Shoreditch.
GERRARD’S _court_, Little Bell alley.†
GERRARD _street_, Prince’s street, Soho.†
GERRARD’S CROSS, a village in Buckinghamshire, situated about 28 miles
from London, between Uxbridge and Beconsfield. Here is a charity
school built and endowed by the late Duke of Portland, for 20 boys and
15 girls, who are taught and cloathed, and two of the children put out
apprentices every year. Near this place is also a fine seat of the
Duke of Portland.
GIBRALTER, Shoreditch.
GIBSON’S _Almshouse_ and _School_, at Ratcliff, were founded by Nicholas
Gibson, Esq; in the year 1537, for fourteen poor widows, seven of whom
to be of Stepney parish, and the other seven of the Coopers company.
The pensioners to have 1_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ a year each; the
school-master a salary of 10_l._ and an usher 6_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ a
year. But the estate with which this foundation is endowed being
vastly improved, the Coopers company, who are his trustees, have
lately increased the pensions to 5_l._ and 30 bushels of coals _per
annum_, with a bounty of 10_s._ to each at Christmas; and the
schoolmaster’s salary is also advanced to 23_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ and the
usher’s to 9_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ _Maitland._
GIBSON’S _court_, 1. Marybon street.† 2. Narrow wall.†
GIDDY HALL, at the farther end of Rumford in Essex, a very fine mansion
house erected by the late Sir John Eyles, Lord Mayor of London.
GILBERT’S _court_, Monkwell street.†
GILBERT’S _passage_, Clare market.†
GILBERT’S _street_, Bloomsbury.†
_St._ GILES’S _Cripplegate_, at the east end of Redcross street, without
the walls of London, is so denominated from its dedication to St.
Giles, a Grecian and citizen of Athens, in the year 700, and from the
neighbouring gate. A church was built in this place in the year 1030,
which was destroyed by the fire of London in the year 1545; but the
edifice erected in its room escaping the dreadful conflagration in
1666, is still standing, and is likely to continue so a long time.
This Gothic structure is 114 feet in length, 63 in breadth, 32 in
height, and the tower with its turret 122 feet high. This tower is not
gross in proportion to its height; and the turret on the top is light
and open.
This church is a vicarage, the patronage of which is in the Dean and
Chapter of St. Paul’s, and it is constituted a prebend of that
cathedral by the name of Mora. The Vicar receives about 360_l._ a year
by tithes.
In this church are many tombs, and here lies the body of the
incomparable John Milton, the author of _Paradise Lost_.
_St._ GILES’S _in the Fields_, on the south side of St. Giles’s street,
is so named to distinguish it from St. Giles’s Cripplegate. The place
in which it stands was formerly a village of the same name as the
church, which was standing so early as the year 1222, tho’ it was not
made parochial till 1547. The little edifice for divine worship being
taken down in the year 1623, a church of brick was erected in its
room; but the ground in its neighbourhood being gradually raised to
the height of eight feet higher than the floor, it became very damp
and unwholesome. Upon this the inhabitants, by consent of parliament,
had it rebuilt, the sum of 8000_l._ being granted for that purpose.
The present structure is built in a very substantial manner, as indeed
all churches should for the sake of duration. The old fabric was taken
down in 1730, and the new one erected in two years and a half.
The church and steeple are built with Portland stone. The area of the
church within the walls is sixty feet wide, and seventy-five feet in
length, exclusive of the recess for the altar. The roof is supported
with Ionic pillars of Portland stone, on stone piers, and is vaulted
underneath. The outside of the church has a rustic basement, and the
windows of the galleries have semicircular heads, over which is a
modillion cornice. The steeple is 165 feet high, and consists of a
rustic pedestal, supporting a Doric order of pilasters, and over the
clock is an octangular tower with three quarter Ionic columns
supporting a balustrade with vases, on which stands the spire, which
is also octangular and belted.
In 1758 the organ was repaired; and in 1759, two magnificent
chandeliers were hung up, each containing thirty-six lights.
“The new church of St. Giles’s, says the author of _The Review
of the Public Buildings_, is one of the most simple and
elegant of the modern structures: it is raised at a very
little expence, has very few ornaments, and little beside the
propriety of its parts, and the harmony of the whole, to
excite attention, and challenge applause: yet still it
pleases, and justly too; the east end is both plain and
majestic, and there is nothing in the west to object to, but
the smallness of the doors, and the poverty of appearance that
must necessarily follow. The steeple is light, airy, and
genteel, argues a good deal of genius in the architect, and
looks very well both in comparison with the body of the
church, and when ’tis considered as a building by itself, in a
distant prospect. Yet after all I have confessed in favour of
this edifice, I can’t help arraigning the superstition of
situating churches due east and west; for in complaisance to
this custom, the building before us has lost a great advantage
it might have otherwise enjoyed; I mean, the making the east
end the front, and placing it in such a manner as to have
ended the vista of what is called Broad St. Giles’s; whereas
now it is no where to be seen with ease to the eye, or so as
justly to comprehend the symmetry and connection of the
whole.”
There is a marble monument on the outside of the north isle to the
memory of Hugh Merchant, Gent. who died on the 17th of January, 1714,
with this inscription:
When, by inclemency of air,
These golden letters disappear,
And Time’s old cankered teeth have shown
Their malice on this marble stone,
Virtue and Art shall write his name
In annals, and consign his fame
To monuments more lasting far,
Than marble stones, or golden letters are.
The expence of erecting this church amounted to 10,026_l._ 15_s._
9_d._ It is a rectory in the gift of the Crown.
GILHAM’S _court_, Rotherhith Wall.†
GILHAM’S _rents_, the Folly, Dock head.†
GILTSPUR _street_, without Newgate.*
GINGERBREAD _alley_, 1. Holiwell lane. 2. Old Change, Cheapside.
GINGERBREAD _court_, 1. Lamb alley, Bishopsgate street. 2. Old Change.
GIRDLERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by Henry VI.
in the year 1449, and confirmed by Queen Elizabeth in 1568, when the
Pinners and Wiredrawers were incorporated with them.
This fraternity consists of a Master, three Wardens, twenty-four
Assistants, and seventy-seven Liverymen, who upon their admission pay
a fine of 10_l._ They have a convenient hall in Basinghall street.
GLASSENBURY _court_, Rose street, Covent Garden.
GLASSHOUSE _alley_, White Friars.☐
GLASSHOUSE _fields_, Cock hill, Ratcliff.☐
GLASSHOUSE _hill_, Well street.☐
GLASSHOUSE LIBERTY, a part of the parish of St. Botolph Aldersgate
street, situated in Goswell and Pickax streets, thus named from a
glasshouse which anciently stood there. There was formerly but one
government in the parish; but the poor of this liberty increasing
considerably, the city liberty ungenerously separated from them, and
obliged those in this district to maintain their own poor.
GLASSHOUSE _street_, Swallow street.☐
GLASSHOUSE _yard_, 1. Black Friars.† 2. Goodman’s fields.☐ 3. Old Barge
stairs.☐ 4. Old Bethlem.☐ 5. Pickax street.☐ 6. Red Maid lane.☐ 7.
Upper Ground.☐ 8. Well street.☐ 9. White Friars.☐ 10. White’s yard.☐
11. Willow street.☐
GLASS SELLERS, a company that were incorporated with the Looking-glass
makers by letters patent granted by King Charles II. in the year 1664,
by the title of _The Master, Wardens, Assistants and Commonalty of
Glass sellers of the city of London_.
This fraternity is governed by a Master, two Wardens, twenty-four
Assistants, and forty-four Liverymen, who on their admission pay a
fine of 5_l._ But they have no hall. _Maitland._
GLASS _yard_, Cut-throat lane.
GLAZIERS, a company incorporated with that of the glass painters, by a
charter granted by Charles I. in the year 1637.
They consist of a Master, two Wardens, twenty-one Assistants, and
ninety-one Liverymen, whose fine is 3_l._ Their hall being consumed in
the fire of London, has never yet been rebuilt. _Maitland._
GLAZIER’S _rents_, Fore street, Limehouse.
GLEAN _alley_, Tooley street.
GLOBE _alley_, 1. Deadman’s Place.* 2. Fish street hill.* 3. Narrow
street, Limehouse.* 4. Quaker street.* 5. In the Strand.* 6. Wapping.*
GLOBE _court_, 1. Seven Stars alley.* 2. Sheer lane.* 3. Shoe lane.*
GLOBE _island_, Rotherhith.
GLOBE _lane_, Mile-end road.*
GLOBE _stairs_, Rotherhith.*
GLOBE _stairs alley_, 1. Jamaica street.* 2. Rotherhith.*
GLOBE _yard_, 1. New Fish street hill.* 2. Old Bethlem.* 3. Schoolhouse
lane, Ratcliff.* 4. Wapping.*
GLOUCESTER _court_, 1. Beer lane. 2. Black Friars. 3. St. James’s
street. 4. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.
GLOUCESTER _street_, 1. Liquorpond street. 2. Queen’s square,
Bloomsbury.
GLOVERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King
Charles I. in the year 1638.
This company is governed by a Master, four Wardens, thirty Assistants,
and a livery of 130 members, who upon their admission pay a fine of
5_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ They have a hall in Beech lane.
GLOVERS _court_, Beech lane.☐
GLOVERS _yard_, Beech lane.☐
GOAT _alley_, 1. St. Catharine’s lane.* 2. Ludgate hill.* 3. Upper
Ground, Southwark.* 4. Whitecross str. Cripplegate.*
GOAT INN _yard_, St. Margaret’s hill.*
GOAT’S HEAD _alley_, Skinners street.*
GOAT _stairs_, Bank side.*
GOAT _yard_, 1. Free school street, Horselydown.* 2. In the Maze, Tooley
street.* 3. Whitecross street, by Old street.*
GOAT _yard passage_, Horselydown.*
GOATHAM _alley_, Shoreditch.‖
GOBB’S _alley_, Grey Eagle street.†
GOBIONS. See GUBBINS.
GODDARD’S _rents_, 1. Holiwell street.† 2. Wheeler street.†
GODLIMAN’S _street_, 1. Little Carter lane.† St. Paul’s Chain.†
GODFREY’S _court_, Milk street, Cheapside.†
GODWEL _stairs_, near Limehouse.†
GOLD AND SILVER WIREDRAWERS, a company incorporated by letters patent
granted by K. James I. in the year 1623.
This fraternity is governed by a Master, two Wardens, and eighteen
Assistants, but has neither livery nor hall.
GOLDBY’S _rents_, Golden lane.†
GOLDEN ANCHOR _alley_, Old street.*
GOLDEN BALL _court_, Great Wild street.*
GOLDEN CROSS _court_, Cateaton street.*
GOLDEN FLEECE _yard_, Tothill street.*
GOLDEN KEY _court_, 1. Basinghall Postern.* 2. Fore street.*
GOLDEN _lane_, Barbican.
GOLDEN LEG _court_, Cheapside.*
GOLDEN LION _alley_, Long ditch, Westminster.*
GOLDEN LION _court_, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. By St. George’s church,
Southwark.*
GOLDEN _square_, near Great Windmill street, a very neat but small
square, containing about two acres. A large space on the inside
adorned with grass plats and gravel walks, was till lately surrounded
with wooden rails; but these have been removed, and handsome iron ones
placed in their room.
GOLD’S _hill_, Dean street.
GOLDSMITHS, one of the twelve principal companies, is of great
antiquity; for in the reign of Henry II. in the year 1180, it was
among other guilds, fined for being adulterine, that is, setting up
without the King’s special licence. But at length, in 1327, Edward
III. in consideration of the sum of ten marks, incorporated this
company by letters patent, and granted the Goldsmiths the privilege of
purchasing an estate of 20_l._ _per annum_ in mortmain, for the
support of their valetudinary members, which in the year 1394, was
confirmed by Richard II. for the sum of twenty marks. These grants
were afterwards confirmed by Edward IV. in the year 1462, who also
constituted this society a body politic and corporate, to have
perpetual succession, and a common seal. They had now likewise the
privilege of inspecting, trying, and regulating all gold and silver
wares, not only in this city, but in all other parts of the kingdom;
with the power of punishing all offenders concerned in working
adulterated gold and silver, and the power of making by-laws for their
better government.
This fraternity is governed by a Prime, three other Wardens, and
ninety-eight Assistants; with a livery of 198 members, who upon their
admission pay a fine of 20_l._
GOLDSMITHS HALL, a spacious building in Foster lane, Cheapside, was
originally built by Drew Barentin, about the year 1407, but was
destroyed by the fire in 1666, and the present edifice arose in its
place. It is an irregular structure built with brick, and the corners
wrought in rustic of stone. The door is large, arched, and decorated
with Doric columns, which support a pediment of the arched kind, but
open for a shield, in which are the arms of the company. The hall room
is spacious, and both that and the other rooms well enlightened.
In this hall are, among others, the pictures of Sir Martin Bowers, and
Sir Hugh Middleton, both of this company, and great benefactors to it.
They both enjoyed the office of Lord Mayor of London. The latter is
worthy of immortal honour, for bringing the New River water to the
city: out of the rents of which he gave 30_l._ a year to this company,
which is now worth near the annual revenue of 300_l._ They have also a
very great estate, and apply above 1000_l._ a year to charitable uses.
By an act passed in the 12th year of the reign of his present Majesty
George II. it is ordered that no goldsmith, silversmith, or other
person dealing in gold or silver wares, shall make any gold vessel,
plate, or manufacture, of less fineness than 22 carats of fine gold in
every pound troy weight; nor any of silver, of less fineness than 11
ounces, two pennyweights, of fine silver in every pound troy. And that
no goldsmith, silversmith, or other dealer in gold or silver wares,
shall sell, exchange, or expose to sale, any gold or silver plate, or
export the same, without its being marked with the first letters of
the christian and surname of the maker, and, if in London, with the
marks of the Goldsmiths company, namely, the leopard’s head, the lion
passant, and a distinct variable mark, denoting the year in which such
plate was made; or with the mark of the worker, and the marks
appointed to be used by the assayers of York, Exeter, Bristol,
Chester, Norwich, or Newcastle upon Tyne; on the penalty of forfeiting
10_l._ for every omission. The forging of the company’s marks, exposes
the maker to the penalty of 100_l._ or two years imprisonment.
However, such pieces of gold or silver, as are either too small or too
thin to receive the marks, and do not weigh ten pennyweights of gold
or silver each, are not to be stamped. The price of assaying is fixed
by the Wardens of the company.
GOLDSMITH’S _alley_, 1. Jewin street.† 2. Lukener’s lane, Drury lane.†
GOLDSMITH’S _court_, 1. Goldsmith’s alley, Jewin street.† 2. New
street.†
GOLDSMITH’S _rents_, East Smithfield.†
GOLDSMITH’S _street_, 1. Crucifix lane, Barnaby street, Southwark.† 2.
Wood street, Cheapside.
GOLD’S _square_, Golston street, Whitechapel.† See GOULD’S _square_.
GOLD _street_, 1. Near New Gravel lane. 2. Wood street, Cheapside.
GOLSTON’S _court_, Drury lane.†
GONSON’S _rents_, Bluegate fields, Upper Shadwell.†
GOODCHILD’S _alley_, Market street, Westminster.
GOODMAN’S _fields_, a considerable piece of ground lying behind the
houses on the south side of Whitechapel, the east side of the
Minories, and the north side of Rosemary lane. Mr. Stow observes, that
in his time, this was a large field and farm kept by one Goodman,
whose son afterwards let it out, and lived like a gentleman upon the
rent it produced: and it still retains the same name, though it has
now no appearance of a field. It principally consists of four handsome
streets, inhabited by merchants, and other persons in affluent
circumstances: these streets are on the four sides, and in the center
is a tenter ground, which being surrounded by the houses, is excluded
from public view. About fifteen years ago there was a very neat but
small play house in one of these streets, and in this theatre Mr.
Garrick first distinguished himself as an actor.
GOODMAN’S _wharf_, St. Catharine’s.†
GOODMAN’S _yard_, In the Minories, leading into Goodman’s fields.†
GOOD’S _rents_, In the Minories.†
GOODWIN’S _court_, 1. Oxford street.† 2. St. Martin’s lane, Chancery
lane.† 3. Noble street.†
GOODYEAR’S _rents_, Wapping.†
GOOSE _alley_, 1. Bow Church yard, Cheapside.* 2. Fleet Ditch.*
GOOSETREE’S _yard_, Peter street, Westminster.†
GORHAMBURY, a little to the west of St. Alban’s, was formerly the
paternal estate of the great Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam, and Viscount
of St. Alban’s, and is now the seat of the Lord Viscount Grimston.
GOSLING’S _rents_, Swordbearer’s alley, Chiswell street.†
GOSSIPS _rents_, Tooley street.‖
GOSSIPS _row_, Glean alley, Tooley street.‖
GOSWELL _street_, extends in a line from the corner of Barbican, where
Aldersgate street ends, to Mount Mill.
GOUGH’S _square_, near Fleet street; a very small oblong square, with a
row on each side of handsome buildings.†
GOUGH’S _yard_, Back street, Lambeth.†
GOULD’S _court_, Woodrofe lane.†
GOULD’S _square_, Woodrofe lane.†
GOULSTON’S _square_, Whitechapel.†
GRACECHURCH _street_, Cornhill, was originally called Grass church
street, from a grass or herb market, near Allhallows Lombard street,
which from that market was called Grass church. _Stow._
GRACE _court_, Fenchurch street.
GRACE’S _alley_, Well street, Wellclose square.
GRAFTON _buildings_, Long lane.
GRAFTON _street_, Soho.
GRAHAM’S _Almshouse_, in Hog lane, Soho, was founded in the year 1686,
by Mrs. Graham, for four decayed Clergymen’s widows, their maiden
daughters, or other gentlewomen, each of whom has a handsome
apartment, and 10_l._ _per annum_; and for fuel and a servant to
attend them all, the additional sum of 10_l._ a year.
GRANGE, Near the King’s road.
GRANGE _court_, Carey street, Lincoln’s Inn fields.
GRANGE _lane_, Bermondsey.
GRANGE _road_, Bermondsey.
GRANGE _street_, Chapel street, in Red Lion street, Holborn.
GRANGE _walk_, King John’s court, Bermondsey.
GRANGE _yard_, Bermondsey fields.
GRANGER’S _rents_, Near Barbican.†
GRAPE _street_, By Little Moorfields.
GRASSCHURCH _street_, Cornhill; now generally called and spelt
Gracechurch street.
GRASSHOPPER _alley_, 1. Fore street.* 2. Whitecross street.*
GRASSHOPPER _court_, Charterhouse street.*
GRAVEL _court_, Old Gravel lane.*
GRAVEL _lane_, 1. Near the Falcon stairs. 2. Houndsditch.
GRAVEL _street_, Brook street, Holborn.
GRAVEL _walk_, 1. Blue Anchor alley. 2. Collingwood street.
GRAVE’S _dock_, Fore street, Limehouse.†
GRAVE’S _wharf_, near Fishmongers hall, Thames street.†
GRAVESEND, a town in Kent, twenty-two miles from London, situated on the
Thames, opposite to Tilbury Fort, about six miles east from Dartford,
and about the same distance from Rochester. In the reign of Richard
II. the French and Spaniards sailed up the Thames to this town, and
having plundered and burnt it, carried away most of the inhabitants.
To enable the town to recover this loss, the Abbot of St. Mary le
Grace on Tower hill, to whom King Richard II. had granted a manor
belonging to Gravesend, obtained that the inhabitants of Gravesend and
Milton should have the sole privilege of carrying passengers by water
from hence to London, at 2_d._ a head, or 4_s._ the whole fare; but
the fare is now raised to 9_d._ a head in the tilt boat, and 1_s._ in
the wherry. The former must not take in above forty passengers, and
the latter no more than ten. The Watermens company are by act of
parliament obliged to provide officers at Billingsgate and at
Gravesend, who at every time of high water by night and day, are at
their respective places to ring publicly a bell set up for that
purpose, for fifteen minutes, to give notice to the tilt boats and
wherries to put off; and coaches ply at Gravesend at the landing of
people from London to carry them to Rochester. King Henry VIII. raised
a platform here and at Milton, and these towns were incorporated by
Queen Elizabeth, by the name of the Portreve (which has been changed
to that of Mayor) the jurats and inhabitants of Gravesend and Milton.
The whole town being burnt down in 1727 the parliament in the year
1731 granted 5000_l._ for rebuilding its church. Here is a very
handsome charitable foundation, Mr. Henry Pinnock having in 1624,
given twenty-one dwelling houses and a house for a master weaver to
employ the poor: and a good estate is also settled for the repairs.
Within a few years past, great improvements have been made in the
lands near this town, by turning them into kitchen gardens, with the
produce of which Gravesend not only supplies the neighbouring places
for several miles round, but also sends great quantities to the London
markets, particularly of asparagus, that of Gravesend being preferred
to that of Battersea. As all outward bound ships are obliged to anchor
in this road till they have been visited by the custom house officers,
and as they generally stay here to take in provisions, the town is
full of seamen, and in a constant hurry.
GRAY FRIARS. See GREY FRIARS.
GRAY’S _court_, Duke street, Piccadilly.†
[Illustration:
_Gray’s Inn._
_S. Wale delin. B. Green sculp._
]
GRAY’S INN, on the north side of Holborn, near the Bars, is so called
from its being formerly the residence of the ancient and noble family
of Gray of Wilton, who in the reign of Edward III. demised it to
several students of the law. It is one of the four Inns of Court, and
is inhabited by Barristers and Students of the law, and also by such
gentlemen of independent fortune, as chuse this place, for the sake of
an agreeable retirement, or the pleasure of the walks.
The members of the house are to be in commons a fortnight every term,
for which they pay 16_s._
The officers and servants belonging to the Inn, are, a Treasurer, a
Steward, a chief and three under butlers, an upper and under cook, a
pannier man, a gardener, the steward, the chief butler’s men, and two
porters.
This Inn has its chief entrance out of Holborn through a large gate,
though it is seated far backwards, and though with its gardens it
takes up almost all the west side of Gray’s Inn lane. It consists of
several well-built courts, particularly Holborn court, Coney court,
and another at the entrance into the garden. The hall where the
gentlemen of the society dine and sup is large and commodious; but the
chapel is too small; it is a Gothic structure, and has marks of much
greater antiquity than any other part of the building.
The chief ornament belonging to this Inn, is its spacious garden, the
benefit of which is enjoyed by the public, every body decently dressed
being allowed the recreation of walking in it every day. This garden
consists of gravel walks, between vistas of very lofty trees, of grass
plats, agreeable slopes, and a long terras with a portico at each end;
this terras is ascended by a handsome flight of steps. Till lately
there was a summer-house erected by the great Sir Francis Bacon, upon
a small mount: it was open on all sides, and the roof supported by
slender pillars. A few years ago the uninterrupted prospect of the
neighbouring fields, as far as the hills of Highgate and Hampstead,
was obstructed by a handsome row of houses on the north; since which
the above summer-house has been levelled, and many of the trees cut
down to lay the garden more open. The part represented in the print is
the lower side of Coney court, containing the chapel, hall, &c. and is
the principal square of this Inn (which is a very considerable one)
belonging to the gentlemen of the long robe.
GRAY’S INN _lane_, Holborn Bars.
GRAY’S INN LIBRARY, which is kept in Coney court, Gray’s Inn, consists
of a considerable number of books in several languages, and on
different branches of learning; but more particularly on law, for the
use of the gentlemen of the Inn.
GRAY’S INN _passage_, 1. Field court, Gray’s Inn. 2. Red Lion street,
Holborn.
GRAYS THURROCK, a town in Essex, nineteen miles from London, so called
from its ancient Lords the Grays of Codnor. It has a very good market
for corn and cattle.
GREAT ALMONRY, Tothill street, Westminster. See ALMONRY.
GREAT ARTHUR _street_, Goswell street.†
GREAT ASHENTREE _court_, White Friars.‡
GREAT BACON _yard_, Goswell street.
GREAT BEAR _key_, Thames street. See BEAR KEY.
GREAT BLACK HORSE _court_, Aldersgate street.*
GREAT CARTER _lane_, St. Paul’s church yard.†
GREAT CHAPEL _street_, Oxford street.
GREAT COCK _alley_, 1. Fore street, Cripplegate.* 2. Redcross street.*
GREAT COW _alley_, Whitecross street, Old street.*
GREAT DEAN’S _yard_, Westminster.
GREAT DICE _key_, Thames street.
GREAT DISTAFF _lane_, Old Change.*
GREAT EARL _street_, Seven Dials.†
GREAT EASTCHEAP, Canon street, Fish street hill. See EASTCHEAP.
GREAT ELBOW _lane_, College hill.
GREAT FRIARS GATE, Fleet street: so called from its leading into White
Friars.
GREAT GARDEN, St. Catharine’s lane.
GREAT GEORGE _street_, 1. A fine new built street, that extends from the
end of Bridge street into St. James’s Park. The great uniformity
observed in the buildings, their grandeur, and the length and
straightness of this street, form a noble vista, terminated at the end
next the park by very handsome iron gates supported on stone piers,
and by the tall trees of the park, which at a distance resemble a
thick grove. 2. A very noble street which extends from Hanover square
into Conduit street; this is also broad and well paved, and has
several very fine houses built and inhabited by noblemen and people of
the first rank. See HANOVER SQUARE.
The other streets of this name, are, 3. By Great New George street,
Spitalfields: and 4. by King street, Westminster. These streets were
thus named in honour of his present Majesty and his royal father.
GREAT HART _street_, James’s street, Long Acre.
GREAT HERMITAGE _street_, in the Hermitage.
GREAT JERMAIN _street_, Near Piccadilly.†
GREAT KIRBY _street_, Hatton Garden.†
GREAT KNIGHTRIDER’S _street_, by Addle hill.
GREAT LAMB _alley_, Blackman street.
GREAT MADDOX _street_, Hanover square.
GREAT MARLBOROUGH _street_, Poland street.
GREAT MONTAGUE _court_, Little Britain.
GREAT MONTAGUE _street_, near Brick lane, Spitalfields.
GREAT MOOR _yard_, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.
GREAT NEW _street_, Fetter lane.
GREAT NEWPORT _street_, near Long Acre.
GREAT NOTTINGHAM _street_, Plumtree street.
GREAT OLD BAILEY, Ludgate hill.
GREAT ORMOND _street_, Red Lion street, Holborn.
GREAT ORMOND _yard_, Ormond street.
GREAT PEARL _street_, Grey Eagle street, Spitalfields.
GREAT PETER _street_, by Great Poulteney street.
GREAT POULTENEY _street_, near Brewer’s street, Soho.
GREAT QUEEN _street_, 1. Lincoln’s Inn fields. 2. Westminster.
GREAT RIDER _street_, St. James’s street.
GREAT RUSSEL _street_, 1. Bloomsbury, from the Duke of Bedford’s house
near it. 2. Covent garden, from its being built upon the same Duke’s
estate.
GREAT ST. ANDREW’S _street_, Seven Dials.
GREAT ST. ANN’S _lane_, by Orchard street, Westminster.
GREAT ST. HELEN’S _court_, Bishopsgate street within. See _St._ HELEN’S.
GREAT ST. THOMAS APOSTLE’S _lane_, by Queen street, Cheapside. See _St._
THOMAS APOSTLES.
GREAT STONE _stairs_, Ratcliff.
GREAT SUFFOLK _street_, Cockspur street.
GREAT SWALLOW _street_, Piccadilly.
GREAT SWORDBEARERS _alley_, Chiswell street.
GREAT TOWER _hill_, by Great Tower street.
GREAT TOWER _street_, the broad part on the east end.
GREAT TRINITY _lane_, Bow lane.
GREAT TURNSTILE, Holborn.
GREAT TURNSTILE _alley_, High Holborn.
GREAT WARDOUR _street_, Oxford street.
GREAT WARNER _street_, Cold Bath street.
GREAT WHITE LION _street_, Seven Dials.
GREAT WILD _street_, Great Queen street, Lincoln’s Inn fields.
GREAT WINCHESTER _street_, Broad street, London Wall.
GREAT WINDMILL _street_, Piccadilly.
GREAT _yard_, Parish street, Horselydown.
GREAT YORK _street_, Cock lane, Shoreditch.
GREAVE’S _court_, George yard, Whitechapel.†
GREEN _alley_, 1. Broad Sanctuary. 2. Coleman street, Wapping. 3. St.
Saviour’s Dock. 4. Tooley street.
GREEN ARBOUR _court_, 1. French alley. 2. Lambeth hill, Thames street.
3. Little Moorfields. 4. Little Old Bailey.
GREEN BANK, 1. Horselydown. 2. Coleman street, Wapping. 3. St. Olave
street. 4. Wapping.
_Board of_ GREEN CLOTH, a court of justice continually sitting in the
King’s house. This court is under the Lord Steward of the King’s
houshold, and is composed of the Treasurer of the houshold, the
Comptroller, Cofferer, Master of the houshold, two clerks of the Green
Cloth, and two clerks comptrollers; and receives its name from a green
cloth spread over the table, at which they sit.
In the absence of the Lord Steward, the Treasurer of the King’s house,
in conjunction with the Comptroller, and other officers of the board,
together with the Steward of the Marshalsea, have power to determine
treasons, felonies and other crimes committed within the verge. By the
direction and allowance of this board, the Cofferer pays the wages of
the King’s servants above and below stairs, and the bills for
provisions. Also before this board the Averner to the Master of the
horse lays the accompts of the stables for horse meat, livery wages,
and board wages, in order to be passed and allowed. See the article
LORD STEWARD OF THE KING’S HOUSHOLD.
GREEN COAT HOSPITAL, Tothill fields. Several of the inhabitants of
Westminster having resolved to settle an hospital like that of Christ
Church in the city of London, where poor orphans might not only be
furnished with all the necessaries of life, but instructed in manual
arts, in the year 1633 obtained a charter from King Charles I. by
which they were constituted a body politic and corporate, by the
appellation of _The Governors of the hospital of St. Margaret’s
Westminster, of the foundation of King Charles_; to consist of twenty
Governors, inhabitants of Westminster, with the right of purchasing
lands, tenements, &c. in mortmain, to the value of 500_l._ _per
annum_. But the civil war soon after breaking out, in a manner quashed
this noble design. However, by the charitable benefactions of King
Charles II. and others, the estate amounts to above 300_l._ a year,
and there are at present twenty boys maintained upon this foundation.
_Maitland._
GREEN _court_, 1. Green Bank, Wapping. 2. Knaves Acre. 3. Little
Minories. 4. Marshal street, Shoreditch.
[Illustration:
_M^r. Spencer’s._
_S. Wale del._ _B. Green sculp._
]
GREEN DRAGON _alley_, 1. Narrow street, Limehouse.* 2. Surry street, in
the Strand.* 3. By Wapping Wall.*
GREEN DRAGON _court_, 1. Broadway, Westminster.* 2. Cow lane.* 3. Foul
lane.* 4. New Crane, Wapping.* 5. Old Change.*
GREEN DRAGON _yard_, 1. Long lane, West Smithfield.* 2. Whitechapel.*
GREEN ELM _court_, in the Savoy.
GREENFORD, in the vale, a village two miles south of Harrow on the Hill.
GREENHILL’S _rents_, Smithfield bars.†
GREENLAND _stairs_. Deptford.
GREEN _lane_, 1. Lambeth. 2. Tottenham Court fields.
GREEN LETTICE _court_, Fore street, Cripplegate.*
GREEN LETTICE _lane_, Canon street.*
GREEN _market_, Leadenhall street.
GREEN _Park_, between St. James’s Park and Hyde Park. This Park adds
greatly to the pleasantness of the houses which are situated so as to
overlook it, among which the most conspicuous by far is that lately
built by Mr. Spencer. Altogether it appears very noble, but
considering it as a front, we are disappointed in not seeing any
entrance, which surely should have been made conspicuous. The pediment
being extended over so many columns is too large and heavy, and the
bow window has no relation at all to the building, and offends every
eye; but the figures and vases on the top have indeed a fine effect.
The irregularity of the other side or principal front (which is in St.
James’s Place) is excusable, as the adjoining houses can’t yet be
purchased, but the flatness of it, having no columns or great
projections, will always make it subordinate to the side that fronts
the Park, which is that we have given a view of in the print.
GREEN’S _court_, Lothbury.†
GREEN’S _rents_, Bride lane, Fleet street.†
GREEN SCHOOL _court_, London Wall.
GREEN _street_, 1. Near Grosvenor square. 2. Leicester fields. 3.
Theobald’s row.
GREEN _walk_, 1. Broad Wall. 2. Gravel lane.
GREENWICH, a very pleasant town in Kent, situated six miles from London,
has been the birth place of several of our Monarchs, particularly
Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth: and here King Edward VI. died. Their
palace was first erected by Humphry Duke of Gloucester, who named it
Placentia. This palace was enlarged by Henry VII. and completed by
Henry VIII. but being afterwards suffered to run to ruin, was pulled
down by King Charles II. who began another, a most magnificent
edifice, and lived to see the first wing finished. See GREENWICH
HOSPITAL.
King Charles II. also enlarged the park, walled it round, planted it,
and caused a royal observatory to be erected on the top of the steep
of the hill. This edifice his Majesty erected for the use of the
celebrated Mr. Flamstead, and it still retains the name of that great
astronomer: his Majesty likewise furnished it with mathematical
instruments for astronomical observations, and a deep dry well for
observing the stars in the day time.
That which is properly the palace here, is an edifice of no great
extent, and it is now converted into apartments for the Governor of
the Royal Hospital, and the Ranger of the park. This park is well
stocked with deer, and affords a noble and delightful view of the fine
hospital, the river Thames, and the city of London.
Greenwich is said to contain 1350 houses. Its parish church, which has
been lately rebuilt by the Commissioners for erecting the fifty new
churches, is a very handsome structure, dedicated to St. Alphage,
Archbishop of Canterbury, who is said to have been slain by the Danes
in the year 1012, on the spot where the church now stands. There is a
college at the end of the town, fronting the Thames, for the
maintenance of 20 decayed old housekeepers, twelve out of Greenwich,
and eight who are to be alternately chosen from Snottisham and
Castle-Rising in Norfolk. This is called the Duke of Norfolk’s
College, though it was founded and endowed, in 1613, by Henry Earl of
Northampton, the Duke of Norfolk’s brother, and by him committed to
the care of the Mercers company. To this college belongs a chapel, in
which the Earl’s body is laid, which, as well as his monument, was
removed hither a few years ago, from the chapel of Dover Castle. The
pensioners, besides meat, drink, and lodging, are allowed 1_s._ 6_d._
a week, with a gown every year, linen once in two years, and hats once
in four years.
In the year 1560 Mr. Lambard, author of the Perambulation of Kent,
also built and founded an hospital called Queen Elizabeth’s College,
said to be the first erected by an English protestant. There are
likewise two charity schools in this parish, one founded by Sir
William Boreman, Knt. for twenty boys, who are cloathed, boarded, and
taught; they wear green coats and caps: and the other by Mr. John
Roan, who left his estate for teaching also twenty boys reading,
writing, and arithmetic, and allowing 2_l._ _per annum_ for each boy’s
cloaths. These wear grey coats.
The river Thames is here very broad, and the channel deep; and at some
very high tides the water is salt, though it is usually sweet and
fresh.
[Illustration:
_S. Wale del._ _B. Green sculp._
_Greenwich Hospital._
]
GREENWICH HOSPITAL, stands on the spot, where stood the palace of
several of our Kings. The first wing of this noble and superb edifice,
erected by K. Charles II. was designed to be applied to the same use.
Indeed from the magnificence of the structure, it can scarcely be
taken for any thing less than the palace of a great monarch. However
King William III. being very desirous of promoting the trade,
navigation, and naval strength of this kingdom, by inviting great
numbers of his subjects to betake themselves to the sea, gave this
noble palace, and several other edifices, with a considerable spot of
ground, for the use of those English seamen and their children, who by
age, wounds, or other accidents, should be disabled from farther
service at sea, and for the widows and children of such as were slain
in fighting at sea, against the enemies of their country. King William
also by his letters patent, in 1694, appointed commissioners for the
better carrying on his pious intentions, and therein desired the
assistance of his good subjects, as the necessity of his affairs did
not permit him to advance so considerable a sum towards this work, as
he desired. In conformity to this request, many benefactions were made
both in that and the succeeding reigns, to this noble charity, which,
according to the tables hung up at the entrance of the hall, amount to
58,209_l._ and afterwards the estate of the Earl of Derwentwater, who
bore a principal part in the rebellion in 1715, amounting to 6000_l._
_per annum_, was given by parliament to this hospital. The first range
had cost King Charles II. 36,000_l._ and another was ordered to be
built on the same model: this has been completed with equal
magnificence, and the whole structure entirely finished.
The front to the Thames consists of these two ranges of stone
buildings, with the Governor’s house at the back part in the center,
behind which the park, well planted with trees, rises with a noble
ascent. These buildings, between which is a large area, perfectly
correspond with each other, and each range is terminated by a very
noble dome.
In each front to the Thames, two ranges of coupled Corinthian columns
finely wrought, support their pediments, and the same order is
continued in pilasters along the building. The projection of the
entablatures gives an agreeable diversity of light and shade. In the
center of each part, between these ranges of Corinthian columns, is
the door, which is of the Doric order, and adorned above with a tablet
and pediment. Within the height of these lofty columns are two series
of windows, enlightening two floors. The undermost, which are the
smallest, have rustic cases crowned with pediments; while the upper
series, which are larger, and more lofty, are adorned with the orders,
and with upright pointed pediments. Over these is an Attic story; the
entablature of the Corinthian columns and pilasters supports a regular
Attic course: the pilasters of this order rising over every column,
and pilaster of the Corinthian below, between which the windows are
regularly disposed, and the top is crowned with a handsome balustrade.
The buildings, which are continued from these, and face the area,
correspond with them, though in a finer, and more elegant manner. In
the center of both is a range of columns supporting a pediment, and at
each corner a range of Corinthian pilasters. The front is rusticated,
and there are two series of windows. The domes at the end, which are
120 feet high, are supported on coupled columns, as are the porticos
below; and under one of these is the chapel, which is adorned on the
inside with the greatest elegance and beauty.
On the sides of the gate which opens to these buildings from the park,
are placed a large celestial and terrestrial globe, in which the stars
are gilt; and in the center of the area, is fixed on a pedestal, a
statue of his Majesty King George II.
The hall of this hospital is finely painted by Sir James Thornhill,
particularly the ceiling and upper end; on the latter are represented
in an alcove, the late Princess Sophia, King George I. King George II.
Queen Caroline, the Queen Dowager of Prussia, Frederic Prince of
Wales, the Duke of Cumberland, and the five Princesses, the daughters
of his present Majesty. On the ceiling over the alcove are her late
Majesty Queen Anne and Prince George of Denmark: and on the ceiling of
the hall are King William and Queen Mary, with several fine
emblematical figures. All strangers who see this hall pay two pence
each, and this income is applied to the support of the mathematical
school, for the sons of sailors.
For the better support of this hospital every seaman in the royal navy
and in the service of the merchants pays 6_d._ a month. This is
stopped out of the pay of all sailors, and delivered in at the Six
penny Receiver’s office on Tower hill. And therefore a seaman who can
produce an authentic certificate of his being disabled, and rendered
unfit for the sea service, by defending any ship belonging to his
Majesty’s British subjects, or in taking any ship from the enemy, may
be admitted into this hospital, and receive the same benefit from it,
as if he had been in his Majesty’s immediate service.
There are at present near 2000 old or disabled seamen, and an hundred
boys, the sons of seamen, instructed in navigation, and bred up for
the service of the royal navy: but there are no out-pensioners, as at
Chelsea. Each of the mariners has a weekly allowance of seven loaves,
weighing sixteen ounces each; three pounds of beef; two of mutton; a
pint of pease; a pound and a quarter of cheese; two ounces of butter;
fourteen quarts of beer, and 1_s._ a week tobacco money: the tobacco
money of the boatswains is 2_s._ 6_d._ a week each; that of their
mates 1_s._ 6_d._ and that of the other officers in proportion to
their rank. Besides which, each common pensioner receives once in two
years, a suit of blue cloaths, a hat, three pair of stockings, two
pair of shoes, five neck cloths, three shirts, and two night caps.
This hospital has about 100 Governors, composed of the nobility, great
officers of state, and persons in high posts under the King. The
principal officers of the house, with their annual salaries, are:
The Governor £1000
Lieutenant Governor 300
Treasurer 200
Three Captains, each 200
Six Lieutenants, each 100
Two Chaplains, each 100
A Physician and Surgeon, 200
each
A Clerk of the cheque 100
Auditor 100
GREENWICH _alley_, Brickhill lane.
GREENWICH _street_, Dowgate wharf.
GREENWOOD’S _court_, Nightingale lane.†
GREEN _yard_, 1. Basinghall Postern. 2. East Smithfield. 3. Fore street,
Cripplegate. 4. Goswell street. 5. Green Bank, Wapping. 6.
Horselydown. 7. Milk yard, New Gravel lane. 8. Pepper alley. 9. Tooley
street. 10. Upper Ground street. 11. White’s yard, Rosemary lane.
GREGORY’S _court_, High Holborn.
_St._ GREGORY’S, so called from its being dedicated to Pope Gregory the
Great, who sent Austin the Monk to convert the English, stood at the
south west corner of St. Paul’s cathedral; but being burnt by the fire
of London in 1666, and not rebuilt, the parish was by act of
parliament annexed to the church of St. Mary Magdalen in Old Fish
street.
GREG’S _court_, Goodman’s yard.†
GRENADIER’S _mews_, Portland street.†
GRESHAM’S _Almshouse_ in Broad street, on the west side of Gresham
College, was founded by Sir Thomas Gresham in the year 1575, for eight
poor men; the trust of which he committed to the Lord Mayor and
Commonalty of London, who annually pay these Almsmen 6_l._ 13_s._
4_d._ each, and a gown every other year.
[Illustration:
_S. Wale delin._ _J. Taylor sc._
_Gresham College._
]
GRESHAM COLLEGE, situated within the walls between Bishopsgate street
and Broad street, and was formerly the dwelling of the founder Sir
Thomas Gresham, Knt. a merchant of London, and one of the company of
Mercers, who after he had built the Royal Exchange, bequeathed half
the revenue thereof to the Mayor and Commonalty of London, and their
successors, and the other moiety to the company of Mercers, in trust
that the Mayor and Commonalty should find in all times to come four
able persons to read in his dwelling house in Bishopsgate street,
lectures on divinity, astronomy, geometry, and Music, and allow each
of them besides handsome lodgings in that house, the sum of 50_l._ a
year: and that the company of Mercers should find three other able men
to read lectures in the civil law, rhetoric, and physic, pay them the
same salary, and allow them the same accommodations. These salaries
and other bequests of Sir Thomas Gresham, amounting in the whole to
603_l._ are payable out of the rents of the Royal Exchange, and there
is a grand committee for the management of the affairs of this college
and the Exchange, which consists of four Aldermen, whereof the Lord
Mayor is always one; twelve of the company of Mercers, and eight of
the Common Council, for the city. These lectures were first read in
Trinity term, 1597, and with some interruptions have been continued to
the present time.
The order of reading every term time is, Monday, divinity; Tuesday,
civil law; Wednesday, astronomy; Thursday, geometry; Friday, rhetoric;
Saturday, anatomy in the morning, and music in the afternoon. _Stow_,
_last edit._ But since the institution of the Royal Society, these
lectures are in a manner deserted, the professors having seldom above
three or four auditors, and those of the most ordinary people. The
print represents the inside of the quadrangle in its present state.
GRESHAM COLLEGE _court_, Bishopsgate street.†
GREVIL _street_, Leather lane.†
GREY-COAT HOSPITAL, Tothill fields, Westminster. In the year 1698 this
charity school was erected in St. Margaret’s parish, for the education
of poor children, and named _The Grey-coat School_, from the colour of
the children’s cloaths; but the trustees being at length greatly
encouraged by charitable contributions, in the year 1701, not only
increased the number of children, but supplied them with all the
necessaries of life, in a large and commodious building near Tothill
fields: and for the encouragement of so laudable an undertaking Queen
Anne, in 1706, by her letters patent, constituted the trustees of this
school a body politic and corporate, by the name of _The Governors of
the Grey-coat hospital in Tothill fields, of the royal foundation of
Queen Anne_, with the power of purchasing lands, tenements, &c. in
mortmain, to the yearly amount of 2000_l._ These children, besides
being taught the usual learning, are employed in spinning, knitting,
sewing, &c. to inure them early to industry; and having attained the
necessary qualifications at school, they are put out apprentices.
This hospital, in the year 1727, was in so flourishing a condition
that it contained eighty boys, and fifty girls, in which year the
charge of all its disbursements amounted to 1457_l._ 7_s._ 6_d._ At
Michaelmas 1739, a mathematical school was erected, and a proper
master employed to instruct the boys in the art of navigation, to fit
them for the service of their country, several of whom since the
erection of this school have been put apprentice to captains in the
King’s service.
The expence of each child is about 8_l._ a year, besides the salaries
of the masters and mistresses, the wages of servants, and other
charges attending the hospital.
GREY EAGLE _street_, Brick lane, Spitalfields.*
GREY FRIARS, a court in Newgate street, near the gate, adjoining on one
side to Christ’s hospital. Here, in the reign of King Henry III. was
erected a convent of Franciscans or Grey Friars, and some time after a
spacious church, which was not compleatly finished till the year 1380,
tho’ it was consecrated in 1325. This church, which was 300 feet in
length, eighty-nine in breadth, and sixty-four feet two inches in
height from the ground to the roof, was built at different times, at
the expence of different persons, and among its benefactors were
several Queens of England. In the year 1429, Richard Whittington here
founded a library, 129 feet in length and thirty-one in breadth, which
was finished the following year, and within three years after
furnished with books. However, at the general suppression of
monasteries, the friery, with all the edifices belonging to it, was
surrendered to Henry VIII. and the ornaments and utensils taken away,
and applied to the King’s use: after which the church was shut up for
some time, and used as a storehouse for goods taken as prizes from the
French; but in January 1546, this church, with the friery, library,
chapter house, cloisters and gardens, were given by King Henry to the
Mayor and Commonalty of London, with the hospital of St. Bartholomew
in West Smithfield, the parishes of St. Nicholas and St. Ewin, and so
much of St. Sepulchre’s parish as is within Newgate, to be made one
parish belonging to the church in the Grey Friars, which was from
thenceforward to be called Christ Church. In short, in the year 1552,
the house of the Grey Friars began to be repaired for the reception of
poor fatherless children, and in November following near four hundred
were taken in. _Stow._ See CHRIST’S HOSPITAL.
GREYHOUND _alley_, 1. St. Mary Ax.* 2. Newgate street.*
GREYHOUND _court_, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. St. Catharine’s lane.* 3.
Chick lane.* 4. Lamb street.* 5. Milford lane.* 6. Moor’s street,
Soho.*
GREYHOUND _Inn yard_, St. Margaret’s hill.*
GREYHOUND _lane_, Three Colts street.*
GREYHOUND _street_, Whitechapel.*
GREYHOUND _yard_, 1. Portpool lane.* 2. Upper Ground street.*
GREY PEA _alley_, Red Maid lane.
GREY’S _yard_, Duke street, Piccadilly.†
GRIDIRON _alley_, Whitechapel.*
GRIDIRON _court_, High Holborn.*
GRIFFIN _alley_, Blackman street.*
GRIFFIN _street_, Shadwell Dock.*
GRIFFIN _yard_, Long lane, West Smithfield.*
GRIFFIS’S _rents_, Barnaby street.†
GRIGG’S _court_, Goodman’s yard.†
GRIPEY _alley_, Artichoke lane.
GROCERS, the second of the twelve principal companies, was anciently
denominated Pepperers; but having changed their name to that of
Grocers, were under that denomination incorporated by letters patent
granted by King Edward III. in the year 1345, which were confirmed by
Henry VI. in 1429. These grants were afterwards confirmed by a new
charter of Charles I. in the year 1640, with an additional power of
searching and inspecting the goods and weights of all Grocers within
the city and suburbs of London, and three miles round. They had
anciently the management of the King’s beam in this city, with the
right of appointing a master-weigher, and four porters to attend it.
This corporation consists of a Prime and three other Wardens,
fifty-two Assistants, and one hundred and twenty-seven Liverymen,
whose fine upon admission is 20_l._ They have a great estate, out of
which they annually pay to the poor about 700_l._ _Maitland._
GROCERS _alley_, 1. In the Poultry.☐ 2. Shoreditch.
GROCERS HALL, on the north side of the Poultry, and at the farther end
of Grocers alley, is situated on a spot of ground purchased by the
Grocers company in the year 1411, of Robert Lord Fitzwalter, for three
hundred and twenty marks. The building is well designed for the
purpose of a common hall; and is not only a stately edifice, but is so
capacious, that for many years it served for the uses of the Bank of
England, which was kept in this hall, till the edifice in
Thread-needle street was erected for that purpose. The ancient stone
and brick building at the north west corner of the garden, inhabited
by the beadle of the company, is probably part of the ancient city
mansion of the noble family of Fitzwalter, and consequently the oldest
building within the city walls. _Maitland._
GROCERS HALL _yard_, Grocers alley.
GROCERS _rents_, East Smithfield.
GROOM PORTER, an officer of the King’s palace under the Lord
Chamberlain. It is his duty to see that his Majesty’s lodgings are
furnished with tables, chairs, stools and firing; to provide cards,
dice, &c. _Chamberlain’s Present State._
GROOM OF THE STOLE, the first Lord of the Bedchamber, who is groom of
the long robe or vestment worn by the King on solemn occasions, and
called the stole. It is his office to present or put on his Majesty’s
shirt every morning, and to order the things of the bedchamber. His
salary is 2000_l._ a year.
GROSVENOR’S _gate_, Grosvenor street.†
GROSVENOR’S _mews_, a street of stables near Grosvenor square.†
GROSVENOR’S _passage_, Grosvenor street.†
GROSVENOR _square_, is bounded on the north by Oxford road; on the east
by Hanover buildings; on the south by Mayfair; and on the west by Hyde
Park, It is however entirely surrounded with buildings, which are very
magnificent, though the fronts are far from being uniform, some of
them being entirely of stone, others of brick and stone, and others of
rubbed brick, with only their quoins, facios, windows and door cases
of stone. Some of them are adorned with stone columns of the several
orders, while others have only plain fronts. Indeed here is the
greatest variety of fine buildings that are any where to be met with
in so small a compass, and they are so far uniform, as to be all
sashed and to be pretty near of an equal height. The area of this
square contains about five acres, and in the middle is a large garden
surrounded with palisado pales placed upon a circular dwarf wall. This
garden is laid out into walks, and adorned with an equestrian statue
of King George I. gilt, which stands upon a pedestal in the center.
This square and the adjacent places are thus named from Sir Thomas
Grosvenor.
GROSVENOR _street_, 1. Horse ferry, Westminster.† 2. New Bond street.†
A list of Pictures that are at present hung up in the two first floors
of the house of Paul Methuen, Esq; in Grosvenor street.
N. B. In this list, after the description of the pictures, the names
of those by whom they are thought to be painted are added, for the
information of such as may be great admirers of the art of painting,
and lovers of pictures, and yet may not have knowledge or experience
enough in that art to distinguish the several hands by which they are
done.
But as it is very possible, and even probable, that the owner of them
may, for want of sufficient skill, have been mistaken in the naming of
the authors of some of them; tho’ at the same time he begs it may be
believed, that he has done nothing of that kind, without such reasons
for it, as appeared very good to him; nor has been guided in it by
partiality to the pictures, or any other consideration, but regard to
truth, which he always thought should take place of every thing: so
those who are better judges, are at liberty to name the pictures as
they please, and restore them to the authors to which they may think
they really belong.
On the FIRST FLOOR.
In the hall and stair case.
Over the chimney.
A naked boy blowing bubbles and treading on a death’s head, representing
Vanity, by Elizabetha Sirani.
Near the street door.
A large picture of dogs and foxes, by Peter Sneyders.
Over the door that goes into the first parlour.
A man’s head, by Giuseppe de Ribera, commonly call’d Il Spagnoletto.
On the landing place.
A large picture of David and Abigail, by Sir Peter Paul Rubens.
Over the door.
The adventure of Don Quixote and the barber, by a Spanish painter.
Fronting the landing place at the top.
The portrait of the Duchess of Mantua, grand daughter to the Emperor
Charles the Fifth, with her son in her lap, who was the last Duke of
Mantua, with some allegorical figures, armour, &c. by Giovanni
Benedetto Castiglione.
Under it.
A landscape, and a musical conversation, painted by Sir Peter Lely;
being the portraits of himself and his whole family, drawn by the
life.
Fronting the windows.
The judgment of Paris, by Gerard Lairest.
Under it.
The judgment of Midas, by the same hand.
Over the looking glass.
A young lad blowing bubbles, said to be painted by Hannibal Caracci.
In the first parlour.
Over the chimney.
A Dutch kermis or country fair, painted by Old Pieter Bruegel.
On each side of the chimney.
Next the window, the portrait of a Turk, by Rembrandt van Rijn.
David with the head of Goliath and his sling, by Leonello Spada.
Between the windows.
A man’s head, said to be that of Massaniello the fisherman who caused
the great revolution of Naples, by Salvator Rosa.
The portrait of Francisco de Taxis, the first inventor of the posts in
Europe, for which reason the direction of them has always remained in
one of his family in all the dominions that belongs to the house of
Austria, by a hand not certainly known.
Over the doors out of the hall,
The folly of spending our lives in the pursuit of love, wine, music and
play, an emblematical picture, by Johannes Schorel.
The Virgin, our Saviour, St. Mary Magdalen, St. Peter, St. John the
Baptist, and St. Jerome; by Jacobo Palma, senior, commonly called Old
Palma.
Over the marble table.
The birth of our Saviour, and the adoration of the shepherds, by Giac.
Bassan.
Under it, in the middle.
St. John the Baptist asleep in the desert, by Andrea del Sarto.
On both sides of it.
Two small sea pieces, a port in the Mediterranean, and a fight with the
Turks, by William Vanderveld, junior.
Under them, in the middle.
An emblematical picture, representing a guardian angel pointing out the
way to heaven to a soul, under the figure of a young girl, by Carlino
Dolce.
On both sides of it.
Two very highly finished landscapes on copper, by Salvator Rosa.
Between the two doors.
The portrait of the Duke of Richmond and Lenox, of the Stuart family, at
whole length, with a dog, by Sir Anthony Vandyck.
Over the door to the back parlour.
Vulcan at his forge, with the Cyclops, by Jacob Jordaans of Antwerp.
Over against the windows.
In the middle.
The head of our Saviour crown’d with thorns, by Ludovico Caracci.
On both sides of that.
Two fruit pieces, by Michael Angelo Pase, called Michael Angelo del
Campidoglio.
Under them, in the middle.
A Bacchanal in two colours, by Rubens.
On both sides of it.
A landscape with a robbery, and a battle, both painted by Giacomo
Cortese, commonly called Il Bourgognone.
Under them, in the middle.
A pretty large landscape and figures of Dutch boors, by Adrian Van
Ostade.
On both sides of it.
A stag hunting, and another of hern hawking, by Philip Woverman.
Under them.
Two conversations of boors within doors, by Adrian Van Ostade.
In the second parlour.
Over the chimney.
Lot and his two daughters, with the city of Sodom on fire, by Lorenzo
Lotti, a great imitator of Giorgione and Titian.
Over the closet doors.
Next the window.
The great amphitheatre at Rome, and other buildings, by Viviano
Cadahorra.
A sea port with buildings and ruins, by Salviouch, and the figures by
John Miele.
Over the door to the first parlour.
Omphale the mistress of Hercules, with the lion’s skin and his club by
her, by Augustin Caracci.
Over the two other doors.
Two battles in the stile of Bourgognone, but the hands not certainly
known.
In the passage room.
Over the doors.
A philosopher with a book in his hand, by Pier Francesco Mola.
Mary Magdalen, by Giacinto Brandi.
Our Saviour meditating on the sins of the world, by Giovanni Antonio
Regillio, a competitor of Titian’s, and commonly called Il Pordenone.
In the great room.
Over the door at which you go in.
The portrait of a young man on wood, by Andrea del Sarto.
Between that door and the window.
The head of St. James the apostle.
The head of St. John the evangelist.
N. B. These two last pictures are by
a hand that is not certainly known.
Under them.
A Bacchanal painted on copper, by Cornelius Polembergh.
Between the door and the wall.
In the middle.
A pretty large picture of our Saviour and the Samaritan woman, by
Giovanni Francesco Barbiori da Cento, commonly called Il Guercino.
On the side towards the door.
The Virgin and Child, by Il Cavalier Giovanni Lanfranchio.
On the side towards the wall.
Venus dressing, and Cupid holding her looking-glass, by Paolo Veronese.
Under them, in the middle.
The Virgin and Child, by Raphael de Urbino.
On the side towards the door.
The Virgin and Child in the clouds, and several angels, by Bartolomeo
Murillo.
On the side towards the wall.
The Virgin and our Saviour, by Carlo Cignani.
Next to the door.
The annunciation of the Virgin Mary, by Paolo Veronese.
Next to the wall.
The birth of our Saviour, &c. by Jacapo Robusti, commonly called
Tintoretto.
Over the chimney.
Tobit and the angel, by Michael Angelo Amerighi, commonly called Michael
Angelo Caravaggio.
Between the wall and the chimney.
In the middle.
The portrait of a man, by Antonio Allegri, commonly called Il Correggio.
Towards the wall.
The head of some Spanish general, by Giovanni Giachinette, commonly
called Il Bourgognone delle Teste.
Towards the chimney.
The portrait of the famous Hernando Cortes, conqueror of Mexico, by
Titiano Vecelli, called Il Titiano.
Under them.
A large battle in an oval, painted by Luca Jordano.
Between the chimney and farthest wall.
In the middle.
St. Sebastian, by Guido Reni.
Next the chimney.
The portrait of Sir Anthony Vandyck, painted by himself.
Next to the wall.
The portrait of a young girl, with a little dog asleep in her hands, by
Rembrandt van Rijn.
Under them.
A large oval battle, painted by Luca Jordano.
Over the closet door.
The portrait of a man with a book in his hand, said to be the famous
satirist Berni, by Giorgio Barbarelli, called Il Giorgione.
Between the door and the wall.
A she saint, with angels, by Pietro Berettini, called Pietro Cortona.
Under it, in the middle.
A small battle, by Bourgognone.
On both sides of it.
Two small pictures, done from the gallery of Archduke Leopold, the one
from Paris Bourdon, and the other from young Palma, by David Teniers.
Between the door and the window.
A large picture, representing our Saviour at the Pharisee’s house, and
Mary Magdalen anointing his feet, with the portrait of the person for
whom it was painted, as a servant waiting at table, by Carlo Dolce.
N.B. This picture is out of the stile of Carlo Dolce’s paintings, who
never before attempted so great a subject and composition; and was
done by him, after the drawing of Ludovico Cigoli.
Under it, in the middle.
The portraits of three of Henry the Seventh’s children, viz. Prince
Arthur, Henry the VIII. and Princess Mary, who was afterwards Queen of
France, and Duchess of Brandon, by a hand not certainly known.
On both sides of it.
Two pieces of the history of Judith, the one where she is presented to
Holofernes, and the other where she is entertained by him at a feast,
by Paolo Veronese.
On the SECOND FLOOR.
In the dining room.
Over the door as you go into it.
A fortune teller, with several figures consulting him, by Giorgio
Barbarelli, called Il Giorgione.
Over the door.
The history of Tancred and Erminia, out of Tasso, by Pietro Berettini,
called Pietro de Cortona.
Between the doors.
A large picture, representing the baptism of our Saviour by St. John in
the river Jordan, with angels, by Guido Reni.
Between the wall and middle door.
A Bacchanal, with Silenus and satyrs, by Jacob Jordaans of Antwerp.
Under it.
A large landscape, by Claude Gille, commonly called Claude de Lorraine.
Between that door and the wall.
The Virgin and our Saviour, St. John the Baptist and his lamb, St.
Peter, and the three cardinal virtues, Faith, Charity, and Hope, by
Titiano Vecelli, called Il Titiano.
N.B. This is an emblematical picture, by which the painter meant to
represent the several virtues that are necessary to form the
character of a good Christian.
Under it, in the middle.
The holy family, by Paolo Veronese; the saint which is represented in
armour, being the portrait of Paolo himself.
Next to the door.
A landscape and naked figures, by Cornelius Polembergh.
Next to the wall.
The flight into Egypt, by Filippo Lauri.
Between the wall and chimney.
Scipio and the fair captive at Carthagena, by Pietro de Cortona.
Under that.
A battle, by Giacomo Cortese, called Il Bourgognone.
Between the chimney and the window.
The dead body of our Saviour, with the Virgin Mary, and St. John, by
Hannibal Caracci.
Under it.
A landscape, representing a temple of Bacchus, and the sun setting, by
Claude Gille, commonly called Claude de Lorraine.
Dressing room.
Over the chimney.
The ordination of St. Dennis, patron of France, by Eustache le Sueur.
Between the chimney and the window.
Women at work by candle light, by Giacomo Bassan.
Under it, in the middle.
The annunciation of the blessed Virgin, with God the Father, and several
angels in the clouds, by Francesco Albani.
N.B. This picture belonged to Pope Innocent X. as may be seen by his
arms on the back side of it; and the frame, which is of silver, was
made by the famous statuary Alessandro Algardi.
Under that.
St. Augustine in an ecstasy, contemplating the mystery of the holy
Trinity, and the incarnation of our Saviour; a very high finished
sketch by Vandyck, of the finest picture he ever painted, which is in
the church of St. Augustine at Antwerp.
On both sides, at the top.
A man and a woman smoaking, and a man and woman drinking, by David
Teniers.
Underneath, on each side.
Next the window.
Cephalus and Procris, by Adam Elsheimer.
Next to the chimney.
The will of Eudadimus the Corinthian, a sketch, by Nicholas Poussin.
Between the chimney and the wall.
The flight into Egypt, by Il Cavalier Giovanni Lanfrancho.
Under it, in the middle.
The portrait of Antonio Caracci, son of Augustino, by Annibal Caracci.
Under that.
A garland of flowers, painted on looking glass, by Old Baptiste.
On both sides at top.
Next the chimney.
A satyr squeezing grapes, with a tyger and leopard, by Rubens.
Next the wall.
Cupid shaving his bow, and two other little Cupids, by Parmegiano.
Under them.
Dutch boors in a fury against the Spaniards, by Pieter Bruegel, and a
barber surgeon’s shop, with a cat and monkies, by David Teniers.
Over against the windows.
In the middle.
St. Francis Xavier dying in an island on the coast of China, by Carlo
Maratti.
On both sides of it.
Two sea pieces, by William Vanderveld, jun.
Under them, in the middle.
The Virgin and Child, St. Joseph, St. Anne, and St. Catherine, by John
Abeyk, commonly called John of Bruges.
On both sides of it.
Four pieces of the history of Judith and Holofernes, by Paolo Veronese.
Under them, in the middle.
The martyrdom of the Innocents on copper, by Alessandro Turchi.
On both sides of it.
A small battle piece, by Bourgognone.
A march of soldiers, by the same.
Over the door to the dining room.
The portrait of Cosmus the 3_d._ Duke of Florence, when a child, by
Giustus Subtermans.
Over the two other doors.
Our Saviour breaking the bread, and blessing the cup, and St. Bruno
founder of the order of Carthusians, both of them by Carlo Dolce.
Between the two doors.
The marriage of Jacob, by Ciro Ferri.
Under it.
The Virgin and our Saviour in the clouds, and the several saints,
patrons of the city of Bologna, by Guido Reni.
Under that.
The nativity of our Saviour, by young Palma.
Over against the chimney.
A large landscape, with the baptism of Queen Candace’s eunuch by St.
Philip, by John Both.
Under it, in the middle.
The inside of a church, by Henry Stenwix, and the figures by Velvet
Brughell.
Under each corner of it.
Two little round pictures, one of them being the head of Mary Magdalen,
and the other that of our Saviour crown’d with thorns; both of them by
Francesco Albani.
Under them.
The shipwreck of St. Paul on the island of Malta, by Adam Elsheimer.
On each side of it.
Two small landscapes on copper, by John Brughell, commonly call’d the
Velvet Brughell.
On both sides of them.
The martyrdom of St. Laurence, by Titiano Vecelli, commonly called Il
Titiano; and St. Sebastian, and other saints, by Filippo Lauri.
Between the door and the window.
The education of Bacchus, by Simon Vouet.
Under it.
The Virgin and our Saviour, and several saints, by Ludovico Caracci.
Under that.
The judgment of Paris, by Giovanni Rottenhammer, the landscape by Paul
Brill.
Between the windows over the glass.
A portrait of a Dominican friar, by Giovanni Lanfrancho.
In the passage room, over the doors.
The portrait of Don Antonio de Leyva, General to Charles the Fifth, who
took Francis the First prisoner at the battle of Pavia. By Il Dosso di
Ferrara.
The portrait of Charles Lewis, the eldest Prince Palatine, by Vandyke.
The portrait of the Lady Anne Carre, Countess of Bedford, by the same.
Over the chimney.
Our Saviour carried before Pontius Pilate, in water colours, by Lucas of
Leyden.
In the bedchamber, over the door.
The portrait of a man in a ruff, by Rubens.
Over the chimney.
A large picture of a curtain, carpet, fruit, &c. by the Maltese, and
Mich. Angelo del Campidoglio.
In the closet.
Over the chimney.
A copy of Raphael’s picture of the Madonna della Seggiola in the palace
of Pitti, at Florence.
Under it.
A small flower piece on copper, by Velvet Brughell.
Over the little closet door.
The portrait of Sir Paul Methuen when a boy.
Over the door next the window.
The picture of a woman, &c. by Albert Durer.
Over the bedchamber door.
A man’s head, by Tintoretto, said to be that of the famous Andrea
Vesalio.
GROVE _street_, Hackney.
GRUB _street_, 1. Fore street, Cripplegate. 2. Market street,
Westminster.
GRUB’S _rents_, Whitechapel.†
GUBBINS, or GOBIONS, near North Mims in Hertfordshire, had its name from
its ancient Lord Sir Richard Gobion. In the reign of Henry VII. it
belonged to the family of the Mores, when it was called More Hall; but
on the attainder of the great Sir Thomas More, Lord High Chancellor of
England, it was forfeited to the Crown, and settled on the Princess,
afterwards Queen Elizabeth, who held it till her death. It afterwards
came into the possession of several families, and was at length
purchased by the late Sir Jeremy Sambroke. The manor house and gardens
are very beautiful.
[Illustration:
_Guild Hall._
_S. Wale delin._ _B. Green sc. Oxon._
]
GUILDHALL, at the north end of King street, Cheapside, is the hall for
holding the courts, and transacting the business of the city. The old
hall in Aldermanbury being fallen to decay, the present structure was
begun in the year 1411, upon a larger and more noble plan, and ten
years were employed in compleating it. The executors of the famous
Richard Whittington, long celebrated in song, gave a Purbeck pavement
to the hall, and glazed some of the windows, on every one of which
Whittington’s arms are placed; others of the Aldermen glazed different
windows, and had also their arms painted on the glass.
The hall being however much damaged by the fire of London in 1666, was
repaired and beautified two years after, at the expence of 2500_l._ in
so effectual a manner, that it has stood till this time.
The entrance has a stately Gothic frontispiece, with the King’s arms
under a cornice, pediment and vase; under which are niches; and in the
middle of the front are the following words done in gold:
_Reparata & ornate Thoma Rawlinson, Milit. Majore, An. Dom._ MDCCVI.
That is,
Repaired and adorned in the year 1706, during the Mayoralty of Thomas
Rawlinson.
Over the gate is a balcony, above which are placed in niches on each
side, the figures of Moses and Aaron; and in niches on each side of
the gate below, the four cardinal virtues; also under the balcony are
depicted the arms of twenty-four companies.
On entering this Gothic arch, you come into the hall, which is one
hundred and fifty-three feet long, forty-eight feet broad, and
fifty-five feet high. The roof is flat, and divided into panels; the
walls on the north and south sides are adorned with four Gothic
demi-pillars, painted white with blue veins, and gilt capitals, upon
which are the royal arms, and those of Edward the Confessor.
Nearly fronting the gate, are nine or ten steps, leading to the Lord
Mayor’s court, over which is a balcony supported at each end by four
iron pillars in the form of palm trees; by these is a small enclosure
on each side on the top of the steps, used on some occasions as
offices for clerks to write in, each being just sufficient to hold one
person. Under these are two prisons called Little Ease, from the
lowness of the ceiling, by which prisoners were obliged to sit on the
floor; these prisons are intended for city apprentices, who upon
complaint and a strict examination into the offence, were sometimes
committed thither by the Chamberlain, whose office is at the right
hand at the head of the steps. In the front of this balcony is a
clock, on the frame of which is carved the four cardinal virtues, with
the figure of Time, on the top, and a cock on each side of him. But
the most extraordinary figures are yet behind; these are two monstrous
giants which stand on the outside of the balcony close to the wall,
one on each side: they have black and bushy beards; one holds an
halbert, and the other a ball set round with spikes, hanging by a
chain to a long staff. These absurd ornaments, which Mr. Strype
supposes were designed to represent an ancient Briton and a Saxon, are
painted, as if to give them the greater appearance of life, and render
them more formidable to children.
Round the hall are hung up, the standards and colours taken from the
French, at the battle of Ramilies. At the east end are the King’s arms
between the pictures of his present Majesty King George II. and Queen
Caroline; close by the first is Queen Anne, and by the last his late
Majesty King George I. and at the same end of the hall, but on the
north and south sides, are the pictures of King William III. and Queen
Mary fronting each other. The hall is likewise adorned with the
portraits of eighteen Judges, put up by the city as a testimony of
public gratitude for their signal services, in determining the
differences which arose between landlords and tenants, without the
expence of law suits, on rebuilding the city after the fire. These
Judges are all painted at full length in their scarlet gowns; and in
the Lord Mayor’s court there are the portraits of five other Judges
painted in the same manner.
On the east end of the hall is held the court of Hustings weekly, and
occasionally that of the Exchequer; and before the Hustings is held
the court of Conscience. At the west end is held alternately the
Sheriff’s court for the Poultry and Wood street counters. Opposite to
the Chamberlain’s office, already mentioned, as situated up the steps
underneath the giants, is the office of Auditors of the city accounts,
within which is the Lord Mayor’s court office, where the Lord Chief
Justice occasionally sits in trials by _nisi prius_. On the west side
of the Mayor’s court office is the court of Orphans, where the Lord
Chief Justice of the Common Pleas occasionally sits. Adjoining to this
court on the north, is the old council chamber, now used by the
Commissioners of bankrupts. Contiguous to it is the new council
chamber. Beneath the Mayor’s court is the Town Clerk’s office, where
are deposited the city archives. To the east and north are the
residences of the Chamberlain and Town Clerk; near which are two rooms
wherein the business of bankrupts are dispatched. Contiguous to the
north west is the kitchen; in the porch is the Comptroller’s office,
and over it the Irish chamber. Over the piazzas on the west, are the
common Serjeant’s, Remembrancer’s, and city Solicitor’s offices. See
an account of each of these courts under the articles, _Court of_
COMMON COUNCIL. _Lord_ MAYOR’S _Court_. _Court of_ HUSTINGS, &c.
Guildhall is at the end of a tolerable vista, which shews the building
to some advantage, though the Gothic front has nothing very
extraordinary in it. The hall within is a fine one, but the entrance
would have been better at the lower end than in the middle, for by
this means all the beauty of the perspective is lost. The ascent of
steps across the hall not being opposite the gate, as it ought to have
been, is another material defect. A noble front in the situation of
Guildhall, would have had an advantage hardly to be met with
elsewhere, and give an architect a fine opportunity of displaying his
genius. But the present front is full of little parts which have no
effect at a distance.
GUILDHALL _alley_, Basinghall street, leading to Guildhall.
GUILDHALL CHAPEL, situated between Blackwell hall, and Guildhall, was
founded in the year 1299, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen and All
Saints, and called London College. A chantry was founded in this
chapel for four chaplains, and lands and tenements left for their
support. It was rebuilt in the reign of Henry VI. and received new
endowments: but at the suppression of religious houses it reverted to
the Crown, and was bought of King Edward VI. with other lands and
tenements, for the sum of 456_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ and the city holds it
in soccage of the manor of Greenwich. It was defaced, but not burnt
down by the fire of London in 1666, and has been since repaired.
This edifice is perfectly in the Gothic taste. In several niches are
set the figures in stone of King Edward VI. of Queen Elizabeth, with a
phœnix under her; and of King Charles I. treading on a globe. The
windows are extremely large, and on the inside the walls are hung with
tapestry. Over the Aldermen’s seats there is a wainscot covering, and
a particular seat for the Lord Mayor, adorned with cartouches. There
is a gallery at the west end, a handsome wainscot pulpit and desk, and
a neat altar piece inclosed with rails and banisters.
On the south side of this chapel was formerly a library belonging to
Guildhall and the College. But it is said that in the reign of King
Edward VI. Edward Duke of Somerset, then Lord Protector, sent for the
books with a promise of returning them shortly; upon which three
carriages were loaded with them; but they being never returned, the
room has been long made a storehouse for cloths.
GUILDHALL _yard_, 1. King street, Cheapside.☐ 2. King street,
Westminster.
GUILFORD, or GUILDFORD, a considerable borough in Surry, situated on the
river Wey, thirty miles from London, and governed by a Mayor,
Recorder, and Aldermen. Here the assizes are sometimes held, and
always elections for members of parliament, the town itself returning
two. Not far from the town are the ruinous wails of an old castle,
this having been in the Saxon times a royal villa, where many of our
Kings long after kept their festivals. Here were formerly two or three
convents, one of which was not long ago the seat of Daniel Coswall,
Esq; and had a delightful park adjoining to it. There were also three
churches in the town; but one of them fell down in the year 1740. Here
is a charity school founded by King Edward VI. and an almshouse
founded by George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, who endowed it with
lands worth 300_l._ a year, 100_l._ of which he ordered to be employed
in setting the poor at work, and the other 200_l._ he allotted for the
maintenance of a master, twelve brethren, and eight sisters, who are
to have 2_s._ 6_d._ a week: the Archbishop’s birth day is annually
commemorated in it; and the Archbishop of Canterbury is its visitor.
There are here likewise two charity schools for thirty boys, and
twenty girls; and a fine circular course for horse races, which begin
when the Newmarket races are ended. Guilford had formerly a
considerable manufacture of cloth, of which there are still some
remains. The great road from Chichester and Portsmouth lies through
the town, which has been always famous for good inns, the cleanest of
linen, and other excellent accommodations; and as the river Wey is
made navigable to this town, a great quantity of timber is carried
down it to London, not only from this neighbourhood, but from the
Sussex and Hampshire woods, above thirty miles off, from whence it is
brought to Guilford in the summer by land carriage.
The road from hence to Farnham is very remarkable, for it runs along
the ridge of a high chalky hill, no wider than the road itself, and
the declivity begins on either hand, at the edge that bounds the
highway, and is very steep and high. From this hill is a surprizing
prospect; to the north and north west over Bagshot Heath; to the south
east into Sussex, almost to the South Downs; and to the west it is so
unbounded that the view is only terminated by the horizon. On this
hill, which is called St. Catharine’s, stands the gallows in such a
position, that the town’s people of Guilford may, from the High
street, sit at their shop doors and see the criminals executed.
GUILLAM’S _wharf_, St. Catharine’s.†
GULLYHOLE _alley_, Wheeler street.
GULSTON’S _square_, Gulston’s street.†
GULSTON’S _street_, Whitechapel.†
GUM _alley_, Barnaby street.
GUMMERY’S _alley_, Dorset street.†
GUN _alley_, 1. Barnaby street.* 2. Little Moorfields.* 3. St. John’s
street, West Smithfield.* 4. Wapping.* 5. Well street.*
GUN _dock_, Wapping.
GUN-HOUSE _stairs_, near Vauxhall.
GUN _lane_, Three Colts street.*
GUNPOWDER _alley_, 1. Poor Jury lane. 2. Shoe lane.
[Illustration:
_Gunnersbury._
_S. Wale delin._ _B. Green sculp._
]
GUNNERSBURY HOUSE, near Ealing, a noble and elegant structure, built by
Inigo Jones, or, as some say, by Mr. Web, who was son-in-law to Inigo
Jones. Indeed the architecture shews that if the plan was not drawn by
that celebrated architect himself, it was designed by some of his
scholars, for the building has that majestic boldness and simplicity
which grace all the works of that excellent artist. It is situated on
a rising ground; the approach to it from the garden is remarkably
fine. The loggia has a beautiful appearance at a distance, and
commands a fine prospect of the county of Surry, the river of Thames,
and of all the meadows on its banks for some miles, and in clear
weather of even the city of London.
The apartments are extremely convenient and well contrived. The hall,
which is large and spacious, is on each side supported by rows of
columns, and from thence you ascend by a noble flight of stairs to a
saloon, which is a double cube of twenty-five feet high, and most
elegantly furnished. This fine room has an entrance into the portico
on the back front, which is supported by columns, and from the finest
of the prospect over the Thames, is a delightful place to sit in,
during the afternoon in the summer season; for it being contrived to
face the south east, the sun never shines on it after two o’clock; but
extending its beams over the country, enlivens the beautiful landscape
that lies before this part of the edifice. On entering the garden from
the house, you ascend a noble terrace, which affords a delightful view
of the neighbouring country; and from this terrace, which extends the
whole breadth of the garden, you descend by a beautiful flight of
steps, with a grand balustrade on each side. But the gardens are laid
out too plain, having the walls in view on every side. This was the
house of the late Henry Furnesse, Esq; who had a fine collection of
pictures in it.
GUNSMITHS, a company incorporated by letters patent, granted by King
Charles I. in the year 1638. This fraternity consists of a Master, two
Wardens, and eighteen Assistants; but has neither livery nor hall.
_Maitland._
GUN _street_, Artillery lane, Spitalfields.*
GUN _wharf_, 1. Near Battle bridge.* 2. Wapping Dock.*
GUN _yard_, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* 2. Houndsditch.* 3. Maiden
lane, Southwark.* 4. Pepper alley.* 5. Petticoat lane.* 6. Rosemary
lane.* 7. Sugar Loaf alley, Moor lane.* 8. Tower ditch.*
GUTTER _lane_, Cheapside, originally called Guthurn lane, from Guthurn,
the owner thereof. _Maitland._
GUTTIGE’S _rents_, Whitechapel.†
GUY OF WARWICK’S _court_, 1. Duke street.* 2. Upper Ground.*
GUY’S _court_, Playhouse passage, Drury lane.†
[Illustration:
_Guy’s Hospital._
_S. Wale delin._ _B. Green sc. Oxon._
]
GUY’S HOSPITAL, in Southwark, for the cure of sick and lame persons, was
founded by Mr. Thomas Guy, a citizen and bookseller of London, who
from a small beginning amassed an immense fortune, by his industry and
frugality; and more particularly by purchasing seamen’s tickets in the
reign of Queen Anne; and by his success in buying and selling South
Sea stock in the year 1720. He was never married, and had no near
relations; and therefore towards the close of his life, considering
how he should dispose of his wealth, after many ruminations, resolved
to be the founder of the most extensive charity ever established by
one man. He was seventy-six years of age when he took this resolution,
and having no time to lose, immediately took of the President and
Governors of St. Thomas’s hospital in Southwark, a lease of a piece of
ground opposite to that hospital, for the term of nine hundred and
ninety-nine years, for a ground rent of 30_l._ a year; and as this was
covered with small houses that were old and ill tenanted, he
immediately gave the inhabitants notice of his intention, and when
they had removed their effects, pulled down the buildings in the year
1721, and proceeding with all the expedition of a youth of fortune
erecting a house for his own residence; he caused the foundation of
the intended hospital to be laid the following spring, and this vast
fabric was roofed before the death of the founder, which happened on
the 27th of December 1724.
The only motive that induced Mr. Guy to erect this hospital in so low
and close a situation, was his design of putting it under the
management and direction of the Governors of that of St. Thomas. But
by the advice of his friends he altered his resolution; it was then
however too late to think of chusing another situation, for the
building was raised to the second story, but he rendered the place as
agreeable as possible by its elevation above the neighbouring streets.
The expence of erecting and furnishing this hospital amounted to the
sum of 18,793_l._ 16_s._ great part of which he expended in his life
time; and the sum he left to endow it, amounted to 219,499_l._ both
together amounting to 238,292_l._ 16_s._ a much larger sum than was
ever before left in this kingdom by one single person to charitable
uses.
The edifice is situated at a small distance from the foot of London
bridge, and consists of two quadrangles, besides what the print
exhibits, which is intended when the old buildings are removed to be
made regular. At your approach, which is a very narrow street, you
first see the side of the square, which is very elegant, and a noble
iron gate, with very handsome piers, but are much disappointed when
you come nearer, to find the most contemptible front you can imagine.
The whole side could not be represented in the print, as there was not
distance in the street to bring it into the visual angle. The iron
gates open into a square, in the middle of which is a brazen statue of
the founder, by Mr. Scheemakers, dress’d in his livery gown, very well
executed.
In the front of the pedestal is this inscription:
THOMAS GUY SOLE FOUNDER OF THIS HOSPITAL IN HIS LIFE TIME. A.D.
MDCCXXI.
On the west side of the pedestal is represented in basso relievo, the
parable of the good Samaritan; on the south side is Mr. Guy’s arms;
and on that side of the pedestal facing the east, is our Saviour
healing the impotent man.
The superstructure of this hospital has three floors besides the
garrets, and the same construction runs through the whole building,
which is so extensive as to contain twelve wards, in which are four
hundred and thirty-five beds; and in short the whole has a plainness
that becomes the nature of the institution, and at the same time a
regularity that does some honour to the builder, the whole being
disposed for the mutual accommodation of the sick, and of those who
attend them.
Soon after Mr. Guy’s decease, his executors, pursuant to his last
will, applied to parliament to get themselves, and fifty-one other
gentlemen nominated by the founder, to be incorporated Governors of
the intended hospital; upon which all these gentlemen were constituted
a body politic and corporate, by the name of the President and
Governors of this hospital: they were to have perpetual succession and
a common seal, with the power of possessing the real and personal
estates of the late Thomas Guy, Esq; for the purposes of the will, and
to purchase in perpetuity, or for any term of years, any other estate
whatsoever, not exceeding 12,000_l._ a year.
This corporation was no sooner established by parliament, than the
President and Governors set heartily about the work, by finishing and
furnishing the hospital, chusing their officers and servants, and
taking in patients, whose number at first amounted to 402. For the
more effectual preventing inferior servants preying upon poor
patients, or their friends, they resolved to give them handsome
salaries, and the following were appointed and are still given.
The Treasurer 00 0 0
His Clerk 40 0 0
Steward 80 0 0
Chaplain 80 0 0
Two Physicians, 40_l._ each 80 0 0
Apothecary 80 0 0
Apothecary’s two servants 78 0 0
Surgeryman 30 0 0
Butler, with his horse 67 2 8
Cook and her servant 32 0 0
Porter 35 0 0
Beadle 30 0 0
Matron 50 0 0
Eleven sisters, 25_l._ each 275 0
0
Eight nurses, 16_l._ each 128 0
0
Twelve watch-women, 10_l._ 8_s._ 124 16
each 0
One brother belonging to the 35 0 0
lunatics
One sister belonging to the 25 0 0
lunatics
────────────────────────────────────────────
Sum total, 1349 18
8
These officers and servants are chosen by the sixty Governors, who
have carried on this noble charity in such a manner as to restore ease
and health to many thousands of their fellow subjects.
Besides which the out-patients who receive medicines gratis,
frequently amount to about 1600 in a year.
Before we conclude this article, it may be proper to mention some
other particulars relating to Mr. Guy, in order to do justice to the
character of that great benefactor to the public, by which the reader
will see the little foundation there is for the general opinion of his
being remarkable for nothing more than his parsimony and avarice. He
was a patron of liberty and of the rights of his fellow subjects,
which, to his great honour, he strenuously asserted in several
parliaments, whereof he was a member for the borough of Tamworth in
Staffordshire, the place of his birth. To this town he was a general
benefactor; and early in his life he not only contributed towards the
relief of private families in distress, but erected an almshouse, with
a library, in that borough, for the reception of fourteen poor men and
women, to whom he allowed a certain pension during his life, and at
his death he bequeathed the annual sum of 125_l._ towards their future
support, and for putting out children apprentices, &c.
In the year 1701 Mr. Guy built and furnished at his own expence, three
wards on the north side of the outer court of St. Thomas’s hospital,
and gave to those wards 100_l._ a year, for eleven years immediately
preceding the foundation of his hospital. Some time before his death,
he removed the frontispiece of St. Thomas’s hospital, which stood over
the gateway in the Borough, and erected it in the place where it now
stands, fronting the street: he also enlarged the gateway; rebuilt the
two large houses on its sides, and erected the fine iron gate between
them, all at the expence of 3000_l._ To many of his relations he gave
while living, a settled allowance of 10 or 20_l._ a year; and to
others money to advance them in the world. At his death, he left to
his poor aged relations the sum of 870_l._ a year during their life;
and among his younger relations, who were very numerous, and his
executors, he left the sum of 75,589_l._ He left the Governors of
Christ’s hospital a perpetual annuity of 400_l._ for taking in four
children annually, at the nomination of the Governors; and bequeathed
1000_l._ for discharging poor prisoners within the city of London, and
the counties of Middlesex and Surry, who could be released for the sum
of 5_l._ by which sum, and the good management of his executors, there
were above 600 poor persons set at liberty, from the several prisons
within the bills of mortality. _Maitland._
GUY’S _yard_. Vinegar yard, Drury lane.†
[Illustration]
H.
HABERDASHER _square_, Grub street, Fore street.
HABERDASHERS, one of the twelve principal companies, was indifferently
called Hurrers and Milliners; the latter from the merchandize in which
they chiefly dealt, which came from the city of Milan in Italy: but
they were incorporated by letters patent granted by King Henry VI. in
the year 1407, by the style of _The_ _fraternity of St. Catharine the
Virgin, of the Haberdashers of the city of London_. But at present
they are denominated _The Master and four Wardens of the fraternity of
the art or mystery of Haberdashers_.
This company is governed by a Master, four Wardens, and ninety-three
Assistants, with a livery of 342 members, who upon their admission pay
a fine of 5_l._ _Maitland._
HABERDASHERS _Almshouse_ at Hoxton. See ASKE’S _Almshouse_.
HABERDASHERS HALL, situated on the north side of Maiden lane, is a good
brick building, and the room called the hall is very neat and lofty.
It is paved with marble and Purbeck stone, wainscoted about twelve
feet high; and the screen at the west end, where are two arched
apertures, is adorned with pilasters of the Corinthian order.
HACKET _court_, Coleman street.†
HACKNEY, a village in Middlesex, on the north east side of London, is a
very large and populous village, inhabited by such numbers of
merchants and wealthy persons, that it is said there are near an
hundred gentlemen’s coaches kept. The parish has several hamlets
belonging to it, among which are Clapton on the north, Dorleston and
Shacklewell on the west, and Hummerton, which leads to Hackney Marsh,
on the east. In this village are two meeting houses, viz. a new
Presbyterian meeting near the church, and an Independent meeting in
Mare street: besides a Presbyterian meeting house at Clapton, There
are also here six boarding schools, a free school, a charity school,
and several almshouses.
Hackney church was a distinct rectory and vicarage in the year 1292,
and dedicated to St. Augustine; but the Knights Templars having
obtained a mill and other possessions in the parish, they were, upon
the suppression of their order, granted to the Knights Templars of St.
John of Jerusalem, from whom the church is supposed to have received
the present appellation of St. John: however, it was not presented to
by that name till after the year 1660. It is in the gift of Mr. Tyson,
Lord of the manor, but in ecclesiastical affairs is subject to the
Bishop of London. _Maitland._
At the bottom of Hackney Marsh there have been discovered within these
few years, the remains of a great stone causeway, which by the Roman
coins found there, appears to have been one of the famous highways
made by the Romans. _English Gazetteer._
HACKNEY COACHES. The village of Hackney being anciently celebrated for
the numerous seats of the nobility and gentry it contained, this
occasioned a great resort thither of persons of all ranks from the
city of London, whereby so great a number of horses were daily hired
in the city on that account, that at length all horses to be lett
received the common appellation of Hackney horses; which denomination
has since been communicated to public coaches and chairs.
’Tis observable that so lately as the year 1625, there were not above
twenty hackney coaches in the city of London and the adjacent parts;
and that these did not ply in the streets as at present; but those who
had occasion for them sent for them from the stables where they stood:
but in 1635, the number of these coaches being greatly increased, they
plied in the streets, which being then much narrower in many parts of
London than at present, the common passages were obstructed and
rendered dangerous; and it was alledged, that by this great increase,
the price of hay and other provender was much enhanced. Upon this a
proclamation was published by his Majesty King Charles I. on the 19th
of January, strictly commanding, that after the 24th of June
following, no hackney coach should be used within the city and suburbs
of London, except for carrying of people to and from their habitations
in the country: and that no person whatsoever should be allowed to
keep a coach in this city, except such persons as were capable of
keeping four able horses fit for his Majesty’s service, which were at
all times to be ready when called for, under a severe penalty. However
in 1654, Cromwell published an ordinance, by which he ordered that the
hackney coaches, which he limited to two hundred, should be under the
care and government of the court of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen. And
in 1662 it was enabled by parliament, that all the hackney coaches,
which then amounted to four hundred, should annually pay the sum of
5_l._ each towards the charge of paving and cleaning the streets of
London and Westminster. Since which time the number of hackney coaches
has been augmented to eight hundred, and both they and the hackney,
chairs put under the government of the Hackney coach office.
_Maitland._
HACKNEY COACH _Office_, in Surry street in the Strand, was erected
according to an act of parliament passed in the year 1696, for
licensing hackney coaches and chairs, and to put them under the
government of five Commissioners, who have a salary of 150_l._ a year
each. The number of coaches is limited to eight hundred; out of which
two hundred are to ply every Sunday in their turn, on the forfeiture
of 5_l._ for every coachman who plies out of his turn.
For the better government of these coaches and chairs, and preventing
the drivers and owners imposing on those who employ them, each coach
has its respective number on a tin plate fixed on each side. The price
of each licence is 50_l._ no person is allowed to have more than two
licences, and every proprietor pays 5_s._ a week by monthly payments,
to the receiver of the office. A hackney coachman plying without a
licence, using another’s figure, or defacing his own, forfeits 5_l._
And no horse, mare, or gelding, under fourteen hands high, is to be
used in drawing hackney coaches.
If any coachman abuses a passenger; exacts more for his fare than he
ought to receive; or refuses to go at the following rates, whether by
day or night, foul or fair weather; upon complaint belong made to the
Commissioners, and the number of the coach delivered in, such coachman
will be summoned to appear, and fined for each offence twenty or forty
shillings, according to the nature of his crime.
Rates of Hackney Coachmen.
For a day of twelve hours, 10_s._
For one hour, 1_s._ 6_d._
For every hour after the first, 1_s._
For any distance nor exceeding a mile and a half, 1_s._
For any distance not exceeding two miles, 1_s._ 6_d._
For the better ascertaining the fares between the most remarkable
places of this city and suburbs, the Commissioners of the Hackney
Coach office have caused the distance between the following parts to
be measured, and the several rates fixed accordingly.
Rates for Hackney Coaches, one shilling.
From any of the Inns to Court to any part of St. James’s or
Westminster, except beyond Tothill street.
From any of the Inns of Court, or thereabouts, to the Royal Exchange.
From Westminster Hall to Marlborough street, Albemarle street, Bolton
street, Bloomsbury square, Soho square, or Little Queen street,
Holborn.
From St. James’s gate to Queen Anne’s square, Westminster; or the
nearest corner of Red Lion square.
From Golden square to Red Lion square.
From the Haymarket play house to Red Lion square, Queen’s square
Westminster, Thavies Inn, or Bloomsbury square.
From Guildhall to Red Lion square.
From the upper end of Fetter lane, Holborn, to Aldgate.
From the Royal Exchange to Hoxton square.
From Newgate to the middle of Greek street near Soho square.
From the Bridge foot, Southwark, to Sir William Walworth’s Head at
Walworth.
From Gray’s Inn gate to Sadler’s Wells near Islington.
From Covent garden to Clerkenwell church.
From Temple Bar to Billingsgate.
From Aldgate to Shadwell church.
Rates for Hackney Coaches, eighteen pence.
From Drury lane play house to Queen square, Westminster.
From Westminster Hall to St. Paul’s.
From Westminster Hall to Queen square, Red Lion fields.
From St. James’s gate to Hatton garden.
From the New Exchange in the Strand to the Royal Exchange.
From the Haymarket play house to Hatton garden.
From Red Lion square to Westminster hall.
From any of the Inns of Court to the Tower, Aldgate, Bishopsgate
street, or thereabouts.
From St. James’s to Marybone church.
From the Royal Exchange to Bloomsbury square.
From the Royal Exchange to the watch house at Mile-end.
From the outside of Aldgate to Stepney church.
From Bedford street, Covent garden, to Coleman street.
From Bread street to Hoxton square.
From the middle of Broad street to Hart street, Bloomsbury.
From St. Martin’s lane in the Strand to Gold street, by Wood street.
From the middle of Gracechurch street to Somerset house.
From Guildhall to Brownlow street, Drury lane.
From the Royal Exchange to Newington church, Surry.
From Covent garden to the Royal Exchange.
From Stocks market to Charing Cross.
From Aldgate to Ratcliff Cross.
HACKNEY CHAIRMEN, are subject to the same regulations as the Hackney
Coachmen; and if they behave ill, any person may have them fined or
punished by producing the number of the chair, and making complaint at
the Hackney Coach office in Surry street. The only difference between
them and the Hackney Coachmen is, that they are obliged to go the same
distance for eighteen pence, which the coachmen perform for a
shilling; they are to take no more than one shilling for any distance
not exceeding a mile; and no more than eighteen pence for any distance
not exceeding a mile and a half.
Rates for Hackney Chairmen, one shilling.
From Westminster to Covent garden, or Exeter Exchange.
From St. James’s gate through the Park to Westminster Hall.
From the Haymarket play house to the entrance of Lincoln’s Inn fields.
From the Haymarket play house to Bolton street.
From St. James’s gate to Somerset house.
From Somerset house to the upper end of Hatton garden.
From the Haymarket play house to Soho square.
From the nearest corner of Golden square to Drury lane play house.
Rates for Hackney Chairmen, eighteen pence.
From Westminster Hall to Marlborough street, Soho square, Bolton
street, or Temple Bar.
From St. James’s gate to Queen Anne’s square, Westminster.
From Golden square to Red Lion square.
From Red Lion square to the Haymarket play house.
From Queen’s square to the Haymarket play house.
From the Haymarket play house to Bloomsbury square.
From the Haymarket play house to Gray’s Inn.
HACKNEY _road_, near Shoreditch.☐
HAGLE’S _court_, Silver street, Tooley street.†
HAINS’S _court_; Swallow street.†
HAIRBRAIN’D _court_, 1. Blue Anchor yard, Rosemary lane.‖ 2. Scotland
yard.‖
HALBOURN _yard_, Mews, Duke street, Piccadilly.†
HALFMOON _alley_, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* 2. By the Halfmoon
tavern, Cheapside.* 3. Green Bank, Wapping.* 4. Grub street, Fore
street.* 5. Jewin street, Aldersgate street.* 6. Little Bartholomew
close, leading to the Halfmoon tavern. 7. Little Moorfields.* 8.
Saltpetre Bank.* 9. Seven Stars alley, Golden lane.* 10. Whitechapel.*
11. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
HALFMOON _court_, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Bow lane.* 3. Hermitage,
Wapping.* 4. Long alley, Moorfields.* 5. Ludgate hill.* 6. Portpool
lane.* 7. Saltpetre Bank.* 8. Wiltshire lane.* 9. East Smithfield.*
HALFMOON AND SEVEN STARS _court_, Old street.*
HALFMOON _passage_, Foster lane, Cheapside.*
HALFMOON _street_, 1. Hyde Park road.* 2. In the Strand.* 3. West
street, Soho.*
HALF NICOL _street_, New Turnmill street, Shoreditch fields.
HALF-PAVED _court_, Dorset street, Fleet str.
HALFPENNY _alley_. 1. Jacob street. 2. Sharp’s alley, Cow Cross. 3.
Halfway house lane, Stepney fields.
HALLAM _street_, Gray’s Inn lane. †
HALL’S _court_, 1. Compton street.† 2. Deadman’s place.†
HALL’S _rents_, Helmet court, St. Catharine’s.†
HALL’S _stairs_, Narrow street, Ratcliff.†
HALLMOTE, a court so denominated from the place in which it is kept,
belongs to the several companies of citizens, by whom it is
occasionally held in their respective halls, wherein the affairs of
each of the companies are respectively transacted.
HALSEY’S _court_, Blackman street.†
HALSTED, a village in Essex, between Cray and Sevenoak, near which is
the seat of the Duke of Richmond, called Halsted Place.
HAM (EAST) a village in Essex, south east of Plaistow, and six miles
from London.
HAM (WEST) a village in Essex, between Stratford and Little Ilford.
HAMBURGH MERCHANTS, a company incorporated by Edward I. in the year
1269, by the name of _Merchant Adventurers_. This being the first
company of merchants incorporated in this kingdom, they soon obtained
ample privileges of John Duke of Brabant, for establishing a factory
at Antwerp.
As these merchants proved of great advantage to the nation, their
privileges were confirmed and enlarged by several succeeding Princes,
particularly by Queen Elizabeth, who impowered the members of this
company to extend their commerce to all parts of Germany. This was no
sooner known, than very great privileges were offered them by the
merchants of Hamburgh, as an encouragement to settle in their city,
which being accepted, the factory repaired thither, where they still
continue, and are at present known by the appellation of the _Hamburgh
Company_, the ancient name being now never used but in deeds, and
other writings.
This society, since the diminishing of their privileges, and laying
open their trade in the reign of King William III. is greatly reduced.
_Strype’s edit. of Stow._
[Illustration:
_Cascade at Ham Farm._
_S. Wale delin._ _F. Vivares sculp._
]
HAM FARM, is the seat of the Earl of Portmore at Weybridge in Surry. It
is situated between the Earl of Lincoln’s and the late Mr.
Southcote’s. The house is a large handsome structure built regularly
of brick, with a fine lawn before the garden front. The grounds about
it consist of about 500 acres, 130 of which are laid out for pleasure,
besides a paddock of about 60 acres. Here is a fine command of water,
there being two navigable rivers, the Thames, which comes with a fine
bending course by the side of the terrace, and the Wye, which runs
direct]y through the grounds, and joins the Thames at the terrace.
There is a swing bridge over the Wye, which may be turned aside at
pleasure to let boats and other vessels pass. The Wye is navigable up
to Guildford and other places. What is called the Virginia Water, runs
from Windsor great park, and flows through Mr. Southcote’s grounds
hither. The terrace next the Thames is beautiful; and though it lies
upon a flat, there are some good views from it, and from other parts
of the gardens. This place was first beautified by the Countess of
Dorchester, in the reign of James II.
HAM HOUSE. See PETERSHAM.
HAMILTON _street_, Hyde Park road.†
HAMILTON’S _yard_, Upper Shadwell.†
HAMMER AND CROWN _court_, Broad street, Ratcliff.*
HAMMER _court_, In the Minories.*
HAMMERSMITH, a village in Middlesex, four miles west from London. There
are a number of pretty seats about it, especially towards the Thames,
among which the most remarkable is Mr. Doddington’s. It has a church,
a Presbyterian meeting house, two charity schools, a work house, and a
kind of nunnery.
HAMMOND’S _Almshouse_, in Almshouse yard, Snow hill, consists of six
neat rooms, and was founded by Edmund Hammond, Esq; in the year 1651,
for as many poor batchelors or widowers, with an allowance 10_l._ a
year each: but the estate appropriated for its support being reduced
by the fire of London, the Haberdashers company, to which the care of
this charitable foundation was intrusted, at present only pay the
pensioners the annual sum of 7_l._ 10_s._ each.
HAMMOND’S _court_, Haymarket.†
HAMMOND’S _key_, Thames street.†
HAMMOND’S _lane_, Thames street.†
HAMPSHIRE _court_, Whitechapel.
HAMPSHIRE HOG _yard_, Broad St. Giles’s.*
HAMPSHIRE _yard_, Whitechapel.
HAMPSTEAD, a pleasant village in Middlesex, situated near the top of a
hill about four miles on the north west side of London. On the summit
of this hill is a heath, which is adorned with many gentlemen’s
houses, and extends about a mile every way, affording a most extensive
and delightful prospect over the city as far as Shooter’s Hill, and
into the counties all around it. This village used to be formerly
resorted to for its mineral waters; and there is here a fine assembly
room for dancing. Its old ruinous church, which was a chapel belonging
to the Lord of the manor, has been lately pulled down, and a new one
is just erected in its room. There is besides a handsome chapel near
the wells, built by the contribution of the inhabitants, who are
chiefly citizens and merchants of London; and also a meeting house.
HAMPSTEAD WATER OFFICE, in Denmark street, St. Giles’s. To this office
belong two main pipes of a seven inch bore, which bring water from the
ponds at Highgate and Hampstead to supply that neighbourhood.
HAMPSTEAD _yard_, Gray’s Inn lane.
HAM’S _corner_, Old street.†
HAM’S _rents_, Ratcliff highway.†
HAM’S _yard_, 1. Brook street.† 2. Great Windmill street.†
[Illustration:
_Hampton Court from the Garden._
_S. Wale delin._ _J. Green sc Oxon._
]
HAMPTON COURT, is delightfully situated on the north bank of the river
Thames, about two miles from Kingston, and at a small distance from a
village called Hampton. This palace was magnificently built with brick
by Cardinal Wolsey, who here set up two hundred and eighty silk beds
for strangers only, and richly stored it with gold and silver plate;
but it raised so much envy against him, that to screen himself from
its effects, he gave it to King Henry VIII. who, in return, suffered
him to live in his palace of Richmond. King Henry greatly enlarged it,
and it had then five spacious courts adorned with buildings, which in
that age were so greatly admired by all foreigners as well as the
natives, that the learned Grotius says of this place:
Si quis opes nescit (sed quis tamen ille?) Britannus,
Hampton Curia, tuos consultat ille Lares;
Contulerit toto cum sparsa palatia mundo,
Dicet, Ibi Reges, hic habitare Deos.
That is,
_If e’er a Briton what is wealth don’t know; let him repair to Hampton
Court, and then view all the palaces of the earth, when he will say,
Those are the residence of Kings, but this of the Gods._
In order to give a more perfect idea of this grandeur, we shall give a
description of the ornaments of this palace, as they appeared in the
reign of Queen Elizabeth, from an author who describes what he himself
saw.
“The chief area, says he, is paved with square stone; in its
center is a fountain that throws up water, covered with a gilt
crown, on the top of which is a statue of Justice, supported
by columns of black and white marble. The chapel of this
palace is most splendid, in which the Queen’s closet is quite
transparent, having its windows of crystal. We were led into
two chambers called the presence, or chambers of audience,
which shone with tapestry of gold and silver, and silk of
different colours: under the canopy of state are these words
embroidered in pearl, VIVAT HENRICUS OCTAVUS. Here is besides
a small chapel richly hung with tapestry, where the Queen
performs her devotions. In her bedchamber the bed was covered
with very costly coverlids of silk. At no great distance from
this room we were shewn a bed, the teaster of which was worked
by Anne Boleyn, and presented by her to her husband Henry
VIII. All the other rooms being very numerous, are adorned
with tapestry of gold, silver, and velvet, in some of which
were woven history pieces, in others Turkish and American
dresses, all extremely natural.
“In the hall are these curiosities: a very clear looking
glass, ornamented with columns and little images of alabaster;
a portrait of Edward VI. brother to Queen Elizabeth; the true
portrait of Lucretia; a picture of the battle of Pavia; the
history of Christ’s passion, carved in mother of pearl; the
portrait of Mary Queen of Scots; the picture of Ferdinand
Prince of Spain, and of Philip his son; that of Henry VIII.
under which was placed the Bible curiously written upon
parchment; an artificial sphere; several musical instruments:
in the tapestry are represented negroes riding upon elephants;
the bed in which Edward VI. is said to have been born, and
where his mother Jane Seymour died in childbed. In one chamber
were several excessively rich tapestries, which are hung up
when the Queen gives audience to foreign ambassadors; there
were numbers of cushions ornamented with gold and silver; many
counterpanes and coverlids of beds lined with ermine. In
short, all the walls of the palace shine with gold and silver.
Here is besides a certain cabinet called Paradise, where
besides that every thing glitters so with silver, gold, and
jewels, as to dazzle one’s eyes, there is a musical instrument
made all of glass, except the strings. Afterwards we were led
into the gardens, which are most pleasant.”
_Hentzner’s Journey into England._
This palace, which was afterwards the prison of King Charles I. is,
with the parks, encompassed in a semicircle by the Thames. King
William and Queen Mary were so greatly pleased with its situation,
which rendered it capable of great improvements, and of being made one
of the noblest palaces in Europe, that while the former was causing
the old apartments to be pulled down, and rebuilt in the more
beautiful manner in which they now appear, her Majesty impatient to
enjoy so agreeable a retreat, fixed upon a building near the river,
called the Water Gallery, and suiting it to her convenience, adorned
it with the utmost elegance, though its situation would not allow it
to stand after the principal building was completed.
Since the pulling down of the Water Gallery, which stood before the
fine stone front that faces the river, the ground to the south west
received considerable improvements. This spot is laid out in small
inclosures, surrounded with tall hedges, in order to break the
violence of the winds, and render them proper for the reception of
such exotic plants as were moved thither in summer out of the
conservatories. Here are two basons constantly supplied with water,
for the support of these plants in dry weather; and as these are
situated near the great apartments, most of the plants may be viewed
from the window.
At a small distance to the west, stood a large hot house, for
preserving such tender exotic plants as require a greater share of
warmth than is generally felt in this climate. Of this part of
gardening Queen Mary was so fond, that she allowed a handsome salary
to Dr. Plukenet, a very learned botanist, for overlooking and
registering the curious collection of plants she caused to be brought
into the garden; but since her Majesty’s death they have been much
neglected, and very few of the most curious plants are now to be found
there.
The park and gardens, with the ground on which the palace now stands,
are about three miles in circumference. On a pediment at the front of
the palace on this side, is a bas-relief of the triumphs of Hercules
over Envy; and facing it a large oval bason, answering to the form of
this part of the garden, which is a large oval divided into gravel
walks and parterres, laid out in an elegant manner, by those two
eminent gardeners, London and Wise.
At the entrance of the grand walk, are two large marble vases, of
exquisite workmanship, one said to be performed by Mr. Cibber, the
father of the poet laureat, and the other by a foreigner; these pieces
are reported to be done as a trial of skill; but it is difficult to
determine which is the finest performance. They are beautifully
adorned with bas-relief; that on the right hand, representing the
triumphs of Bacchus, and the other on the left, Amphitrite and the
Nereides. At the bottom of this walk, facing a large canal which runs
into the park, are two other large vases, the bas-relief on one
representing the judgment of Paris; and that of the other, Meleager
hunting the wild boar.
In four of the parterres are four fine brass statues. The first is a
gladiator, which formerly stood in the parade of St. James’s Park, at
the foot of the canal, and was removed thither in the reign of Queen
Anne. The original was performed by Agasias Desitheus of Ephesus, and
is in the Borghesian palace at Rome. The second is a young Apollo; the
third a Diana; and the fourth, Saturn going to devour one of his
children: all after fine originals.
On the south side of the palace is the privy garden, which was sunk
ten feet, to open a view from the apartments to the river Thames; in
this garden is a fine fountain, and two grand terrace walks.
On the north side of the palace is a tennis court; and beyond that a
gate which leads into the wilderness: farther on is the great gate of
the gardens, on the sides of which are large stone piers, with the
lion and unicorn couchant, in stone.
We shall now, leaving the gardens, take a view of the palace, and
several apartments, with their noble furniture and fine paintings,
performed by the most eminent masters.
To begin with the first entrance into the palace, at the gates of
which are four large brick piers, adorned with the lion and unicorn,
each of them holding a shield, whereon are the arms of Great Britain,
with several trophies of war well carved on stone.
Passing through a long court yard, on each side of which are stabling
for the officers of his Majesty’s houshold, we come next to the first
portal, which is strongly built of brick, and decorated by Wolfey with
the heads of four of the Cæsars, Trajan and Adrian on one side, and on
the other Tiberius and Vitellius.
Thro’ this portal we pass into a large quadrangle, remarkable for
nothing extraordinary, but its spaciousness and uniformity. This leads
to a second quadrangle, where over the portal is a beautiful
astronomical clock, made by the celebrated Tompion, on which are
curiously represented the twelve signs of the zodiac, with the rising
and setting of the sun, the various phases of the moon, and other
ornaments, and indications of time.
On the left hand of this quadrangle is the great old hall, in which,
by her late Majesty’s command, was erected a theatre, wherein it was
intended that two plays should have been acted every week, during the
time of the court’s continuance there; but Mr. Colley Cibber observes,
that only seven plays were performed in it, by the players from Drury
lane, the summer when it was raised, and one afterwards for the
entertainment of the Duke of Lorrain, afterwards Emperor of Germany.
In the front is a portal of brick decorated with four Cæsars heads
without names.
On the opposite side of this quadrangle is a stone colonade of
fourteen columns, and two pilasters of the Ionic order, with an
entablature and balustrade at the top, adorned in the middle with two
large vases.
This leads to the great stair case, adorned with iron balusters
curiously wrought and gilt, the whole erected on porphyry. From the
ceiling hangs by a strong brass chain gilt, a large glass lanthorn
which holds sixteen candles, and has an imperial crown at the top.
This staircase, with the ceiling, were painted by Signor Verrio, an
Italian, by order of King William III.
At the top, on the left side, are Apollo and the nine Muses, at whose
feet sits the God Pan with his unequal reeds, and a little below them
the Goddess Ceres, holding in one hand a wheat sheaf, and with the
other pointing to loaves of bread; at her feet is Flora, surrounded by
her attendants, and holding in her right hand a chaplet of flowers;
near her are the two river Gods Thame and Isis with their urns; and a
large table in the middle, upon which is a quantity of rich plate,
decorated with flowers.
On the ceiling are Jupiter and Juno, with Ganymede riding on Jupiter’s
eagle, and offering the cup. Juno’s peacock is in the front: one of
the Parcæ, with her scissors in her hand, seems to wait for Jove’s
orders to cut the thread of life. These figures are covered with a
fine canopy surrounded with the signs of the zodiac, and by several
zephyrs, with flowers in their hands; and on one side of them is Fame
with her two trumpets.
Beneath is a beautiful figure of Venus riding on a swan, Mars
addressing himself to her as a lover, and Cupid riding on another
swan.
On the right hand are Pluto and Proserpine, Cœlus and Terra, Cybele
crowned with a tower, and others. Neptune and Amphitrite are in the
front, and two attendants are serving them with nectar and fruit.
Bacchus is leaning on a rich ewer, and, being accompanied by his
attendants, places his left hand on the head of Silenus, who sits on
an ass that is fallen down, he seeming to catch at a table, to which
Diana above is pointing. The table is supported by eagles; on one side
of it sits Romulus, the founder of Rome, with a wolf; and on the other
side of it is Hercules leaning on his club. Peace in her right hand
holds a laurel, and in her left a palm over the head of Æneas, who
seems inviting the twelve Cæsars, among whom is Spurina the
soothsayer, to a celestial banquet. Over their heads hovers the genius
of Rome with a flaming sword, the emblem of destruction, and a bridle,
the emblem of government, both in her right hand.
The next is the Emperor Julian writing at a table, while Mercury
dictates to him.
Over the door at the head of the stairs is a funeral pile, done in
stone colour; and under the above paintings are thirty-six panels,
representing trophies of war, and other decorations in the same
colour.
From the stair case we pass into the guard chamber, which is very
large and spacious, it being upwards of sixty feet long, and forty
feet wide. This room contains arms for 5000 men, curiously placed in
various forms. There are here pilasters of pikes and bayonet on each
side sixteen panels that go round the room; with variety of other
ornaments, as muskets in chequer work, stars made of bayonets, swords,
&c.
The next is the King’s first presence chamber, which is hung with rich
old tapestry. The ceiling is vaulted, and from the center hangs a fine
lustre of nineteen branches. Fronting the door are the canopy and
chair of state, which, as well as the stools, are of crimson damask;
on the back part of the canopy are the King’s arms, and round the
vallance, a crown and cypher embroidered in gold.
On the left hand of the entrance, behind the door is a fine picture
about eighteen feet by fifteen, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. King William
III. is in armour on a stately grey horse, trampling on trophies of
war, by which lies a flaming torch. At the top in the clouds Mercury
and Peace support his helmet, decorated with laurel, and a Cupid holds
a scroll. On the bottom part of the picture appear Neptune and his
attendants by the side of a rock, welcoming the hero on shore; and at
a distance is seen a fleet of ships, their sails swelled with the east
wind. In the front ground Plenty with her cornucopia offers him an
olive branch, and Flora presents flowers.
Over the chimney is a whole length of the Marquis of Hamilton, Lord
Steward of the houshold to King Charles I. by Van Somer; and over the
doors are two pieces of architecture, finely executed by Rosso.
The next room, which is called the second presence chamber, is
spacious, and has a vaulted ceiling, from the centre of which hangs a
gilt chandelier of twelve branches. The tapestry is ancient but very
rich, the lights being all gold, and the shadows silk; the subjects
are, Hercules and the Hydra, and Midas with his ass’s ears. The chair
of state and stools are of crimson damask fringed with the same
colour. Over the chimney is a whole length of Christiern IV. King of
Denmark, by Van Somer. This picture, as most of the large ones are, is
decorated round the frame on the outside with festoons of fruit and
flowers, finely carved in high-relief. Over the three doors are pieces
of ruins and landscapes, by Rosso. In this room are also two fine
marble tables, with two pier glasses, and two pair of gilt stands.
The fourth room is very lofty; in the middle hangs a beautiful chased
silver chandelier of sixteen branches. Here is a fine canopy of state,
with the window curtains, chair and stools, of rich crimson damask
laced and fringed with gold. The tapestry, which represents part of
the story of Abraham, is fine; over the chimney is a whole length
picture of Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia, the daughter of King James I.
and over each of the two doors is a Madona, by Domenico Fetti.
In the fifth room is also a chair of state, and stools; the window
curtains are tissue with a silver ground; there are silver sconces
fastened to the tapestry, which is richly woven with gold, but is very
ancient; the subject is Abraham sending his servants to get a wife for
Isaac. Over the chimney piece is an admirable whole length picture of
King Charles I. by Van Dyck; and over the doors are two capital
pictures, the first is David with Goliath’s head, by Fetti; the other
the holy family, by Correggio.
In the King’s state bed chamber is a crimson velvet bed, laced with
gold, having plumes of white feathers on the top. This room, which is
very spacious, is hung round with tapestry representing the history of
Joshua, about which are eight silver sconces chased with the Judgment
of Solomon. The ceiling, which was painted by Verrio, represents
Endymion lying with his head in the lap of Morpheus, and Diana
admiring him as he sleeps. On another part of the ceiling is a fine
figure of Somnus, or Sleep, with his attendants, and in the border are
four landscapes, and four boys with baskets of flowers intermixed with
poppies. Over the doors are two flower pieces, finely painted by
Baptist; and over the chimney is a whole length of the Dutchess of
York, by Van Somer.
In the King’s private bed chamber, the bed is of crimson damask, and
the room hung with fine tapestry, the subject of which is Solbay
fight.
The King’s dressing room, which is about twelve feet long, and six
feet wide, has the ceiling painted by Verrio. Mars is sleeping in
Venus’s lap, while several Cupids steal away his armour, sword and
spear, and others are binding his legs and arms with fetters of roses.
The borders are decorated with jessamin, orange trees in pots, and
several sorts of birds. Over the doors are fine flower pieces, by
Baptist. The room is hung with straw-coloured India damask, and the
chair, stools and screen, are covered with the same.
The King’s writing closet is of a triangular form, and has two
windows. The hangings and stools are of a pea-green India damask. A
glass is here so placed, as to shew all the rooms on that side of the
building in one view. Over each door is a flower piece by Baptist, and
over the chimney a fine picture of a great variety of birds, by
Bougdane. There is here a fine collection of china.
Queen Mary’s closet is hung with needle work, said to be wrought with
her own hand; there are also an easy chair, four others, and a screen,
all said to be the work of that excellent Queen. The work is extremely
neat; the figures are well shadowed, perhaps equal to the best
tapestry, and shew great judgment in drawing. Over the chimney piece
is an old painting, said to be Raphael’s, representing Jupiter’s
throne, by which is the thunder, and his eagle in the clouds.
The Queen’s gallery, which is about seventy feet long, and twenty-five
feet wide, is hung with seven beautiful pieces of tapestry,
representing the history of Alexander the Great, and done after the
famous paintings of Le Brun; they are however not placed according to
chronology, for some of the last actions of Alexander’s life are
placed before those which preceded them. Under that part of the
tapestry which represents the story of Alexander and Diogenes, and
which is placed over the chimney piece, is a very neat bust of a Venus
in alabaster standing upon an oval looking-glass, under which are two
doves billing in basso relievo. Among the other furniture in this
gallery, are two very fine tables of Egyptian marble.
The ceiling of the Queen’s state bed chamber is finely painted by Sir
J. Thorn-hill, who has represented Aurora rising out of the ocean in
her golden chariot, drawn by four white horses. The bed is of crimson
damask; and besides other furniture, the room is adorned with a glass
lustre with silver sockets. Over a large marble chimney piece is a
whole length of King James I. by Van Somer. At his right hand, over
one of the doors, is Queen Anne his consort; on his left, their
daughter the Princess Elizabeth, afterwards Queen of Bohemia; both by
Van Somer. Over the other door is a beautiful whole length of Henry
Prince of Wales, their eldest son, by Van Dyck. In the cornice are
four other portraits, one on each side, viz. his late Majesty K.
George I. his present Majesty King George II. the late Queen Caroline,
and the late Prince of Wales.
The Queen’s drawing room has the ceiling painted by Signor Verrio; in
the middle of which is the late Queen Anne, under the character of
Justice, holding the scales in one hand, and the sword in the other:
she is dressed in a purple robe lined with ermine; and Neptune and
Britannia are holding a crown over her head. The room is hung with
green damask, upon which are placed nine pictures, three on each side
of the room, and three at the end. These were formerly all in one
piece of a great length, as may be very plainly seen from some of the
figures being cut asunder, and placed in different pieces. The whole
is the triumph of Julius Cæsar, and was a long procession of soldiers,
priests, officers of state, &c. at the end of which that Emperor
appears in his triumphal chariot, with Victory holding a laurel crown
over his head. It is painted in water colours upon canvas, by Andrea
Mantegna.
The Queen’s state audience room is hung with rich tapestry,
representing the children of Israel carrying the twelve stones to the
river Jordan, as mentioned in Joshua iv. Here is a fine canopy of
state, and five pictures at full length, the Duke, Dutchess, and
Marchioness of Brunswick their daughter; the Dutchess of Lenox, and
Margaret Queen of Scots, all by Holbein.
The Prince of Wales’s presence chamber is hung with tapestry wrought
with the story of Tobit and Tobias. Here is a canopy of state of green
damask: over one of the doors is Guzman, and over another Gundamor,
two Spanish ambassadors: over the third is Madam Chatillon, the French
Admiral’s lady; and over the chimney, Lewis XIII. of France, with a
walking stick in his hand, and a dog by his side, all by Holbein.
The Prince of Wales’s drawing room is hung with tapestry, representing
Elymas the sorcerer struck with blindness; this is taken from one of
the cartons. Over the chimney piece is the Duke of Wirtemburg: over
one of the doors is a whole length of the wife of Philip II. King of
Spain; and over the other, a whole length of Count Mansfield, General
of the Spaniards in the Low Countries, all by Holbein.
The Prince of Wales’s bed chamber has a bed of green damask, and four
pictures also done by Holbein, viz. over the chimney piece is a whole
length of the Duke of Lunenbourg, great grandfather to his present
Majesty; over one of the doors Philip II. King of Spain; over another,
the consort of Christiern IV. King of Denmark; and over the third, a
whole length of the Prince of Parma, Governor of the Netherlands.
In the private dining room are four pictures of the defeat of the
Spanish Armada, by Vande Velde; and over the chimney a very fine one,
by Van Dyck, of the Lord Effingham Howard, Lord High Admiral of
England.
In the Admiral’s gallery are the pictures of the following celebrated
Admirals, Sir George Rooke, Sir Cloudsley Shovel, Sir John Leake, the
Lord Torrington, Admiral Churchill, Sir Stafford Fairborne, Sir John
Jennings, Sir Thomas Hopson, Admiral Beaumont, Sir Thomas Dilks,
Admiral Bembo, Admiral Whetstone, Admiral Wishart, Admiral Graydon,
Admiral Munden; all painted by Dahl, and Sir Godfrey Kneller.
In the room of Beauties, nine ladies are placed in the following
order: the Lady Peterborough, the Lady Ranelagh, the Lady Middleton,
Miss Pitt, the Duchess of St. Alban’s, Lady Essex, Lady Dorset, Queen
Mary, and the Duchess of Grafton. Q. Mary was painted by Wissing, and
all the rest by Sir Godfrey Kneller.
In the Carton gallery are the celebrated cartons of Raphael Urbino, so
called from their being painted on paper. These are seven pieces of
sacred history, taken from the New Testament, and were at first
designed only as patterns for tapestry. For these admirable pieces
Lewis XIV. is said to have offered 100,000 louis d’ors.
These pictures, which may be properly termed coloured drawings on
paper, as big as the life, are painted with great delicacy and beauty
in water colours. The first is the miraculous draught of fishes, in
which Christ appears in the boat with an air of divine gentleness. A
very ingenious modern author, whose words we shall chiefly follow in
the description of these admirable pieces, observes, that the exotic
birds, the magnificent large fowl placed on the shore in the fore
ground, have a sea wildness in them; and, as their food was fish,
contribute to express the business in hand, which is fishing; and
being thus placed on the shore, prevents the heaviness which that part
would otherwise have had, by breaking the parallel lines that would
have been made by the boat, and the base of the picture.
However in this carton Raphael has made a boat too little to hold the
figures he has placed in it; but had he made it large enough for those
figures, the picture would have been all boat; and to have made his
figures small enough for a vessel of that size, would have rendered
them unsuitable to the rest of the set, and less considerable: there
would have been too much boat, and too little figure.
The second, which is the delivery of the keys, has received some
injury, and is not now what Raphael made it. As this is the appearance
of our Saviour after the resurrection, present authority, late
suffering, humility and majesty, despotic command, and divine love,
are at once visible in his celestial aspect. He is wrapt only in one
large piece of white drapery, his left arm and breast are bare, and
part of his legs naked, which was undoubtedly done to denote his
appearing in his resurrection body, and not as before his crucifixion,
when this dress would have been altogether improper. The figures of
the eleven apostles all express the same passion of admiration, but
discover it differently according to their characters. Peter receives
his master’s orders on his knees, with an admiration mixed with a more
particular attention; the words used on that occasion are expressed by
our Saviour’s pointing to a flock of sheep, and St. Peter’s having
just received two keys. The two next express a more open ecstasy,
though still constrained by their awe of the divine presence. The
beloved disciple has in his countenance wonder drowned in love; and
the last personage, whose back is towards the presence, one would
fancy to be St. Thomas, whose perplexed concern could not be better
drawn, than by this acknowledgment of the difficulty to describe it.
The apostle who stands in profile immediately behind St. John, has a
yellow garment with red sleeves, which connects the figure with St.
Peter and St. John, whose draperies are of the same species of
colours; next is a loose changeable drapery, then another different
yellow with shadows bearing on the purple, all which produce wonderful
harmony.
The third is the miracle of healing the cripple at the Beautiful Gate
of the temple. All the figures are admirably performed; the boys are
done with great judgment, and by being naked make a fine contrast. The
figures are placed at one end near the corner, which varies the side
of the picture, and gives an opportunity to enlarge the building with
a fine portico, the like of which you must imagine must be on the
other side of the main structure, all which together make a noble
piece of architecture.
The fourth is the history of the death of Ananias. Here is the
greatest dignity in the apostles; they are however only a subordinate
group, because the principal action relates to the criminal; thither
the eye is directed by almost all the figures in the picture; what a
horror and reverence is visible in the whole assembly on this
mercenary man’s falling down dead!
The fifth is Elymas the sorcerer struck with blindness. His whole body
from head to foot expresses his being blind. How admirably are terror
and astonishment expressed in the people present? and how variously
according to their several characters? the Proconsul has these
sentiments but as a Roman and a gentleman, the rest in several degrees
and manners. The same sentiments appear in Ananias’s death, together
with those of joy and triumph, which naturally arise in good minds
upon the fight of the divine justice and the victory of truth.
What grace and majesty is seen in the great apostle of the gentiles,
in all his actions, preaching, rending his garments, denouncing
vengeance on the sorcerer! The Proconsul Sergius Paulus has a
greatness and grace superior to his character; and equal to what one
can suppose in Cæsar, Augustus, or Trajan.
The sixth is the sacrifice to Paul and Barnabas by the people of
Lycaonia. The occasion of this is finely told; the man healed of his
lameness, to express his sense of the divine power which appeared in
these apostles, and to shew it to be him, not only a crutch is under
his feet on the ground, but an old man takes up the lappet of his
garment, and looks upon the limb he remembers to have been crippled,
expressing great devotion and amazement; which are sentiments seen in
the other, with a mixture of joy.
The group of the ox and popa are taken from a bass relievo in the
Villa de Medici.
The seventh is St. Paul preaching to the Athenians. The divine orator
is the chief figure; but with what wonderful art are almost all the
different tempers of mankind represented in that elegant audience! one
is eminently distinguished as a believer, holding out his hands in
rapture, and has the second place in the picture; another is wrapped
up in deep suspense; another saying there is some reason in what he
says; another angry and malicious at his destroying some favourite
opinion; others attentive and reasoning on the matter within
themselves, or with one another; while the generality attend, and wait
for the opinion of those who are leading characters in the assembly.
Some are placed before the apostle, some behind, not only as caring
less for the preacher or the doctrine, but to raise the apostolic
character, which would lose something of its dignity, if his maligners
were supposed to be able to look him in the face.
This picture is conducted with the greatest judgment. The attitude of
St. Paul is as fine as possible, pointing out his hands to the statue
of Mercury, alluding to their idolatry; for the men of Lystra would
call him by that name, and worship him as a God presiding over
eloquence. Thus the picture shews the subject of his preaching. The
little drapery thrown over the apostle’s shoulder, and hanging down to
his waist, poises the figure, which otherwise would seem ready to
tumble forwards. The drapery is red and green, the back ground is
expressive of the superstition St. Paul was preaching against, as
above-mentioned. No historian, orator or poet, can possibly give so
great an idea of the eloquent and zealous apostle as this figure does:
for there we see a person, whose face and action no words can
sufficiently describe; but which assure us as much as those can, that
that divine man must speak with good sense and to the purpose.
There were in all twelve of these pieces, two of which are in the
possession of the French King: the King of Sardinia has two of the
others, and one belonged to a gentleman in England, who pledged it for
a sum of money: but when the person who had taken this valuable
deposit found it was to be redeemed, being very unwilling to part with
it, he greatly damaged the drawing; for which the gentleman brought
his action, and it was tried in Westminster hall, where the picture
was produced. The subject was Herod’s cruelty, and indeed, the cruel
malice of the person sued, seemed to flow from a principle perhaps
equally diabolical and inexcusable.
Over the chimney piece in this gallery is a fine bas-relief in white
marble of Venus drawn in her chariot, and attended by several Cupids.
We come next to the Queen’s staircase, where the ceiling is painted by
Vick. Here is King Charles II. and Catharine his Queen, with the Duke
of Buckingham representing Science in the habit of Mercury, while Envy
is struck down by naked boys. There are also other ornaments done by
Mr. Kent.
From the Queen’s stair case, we descend into a new quadrangle, in the
middle of which is a round bason, and four large lamps on pedestals of
iron work; and on the right hand over the windows, are the twelve
labours of Hercules done in fresco.
We shall conclude our account with observing, that the whole palace
consists of three quadrangles. The first and second are Gothic, but in
the latter is a most beautiful colonade of the Ionic order, the
columns in couplets, built by Sir Christopher Wren. Through this, as
was before observed, you pass into the third court or quadrangle, in
which are the royal apartments, which are magnificently built of brick
and stone by King William III. The print shews two sides of these new
buildings. The gardens are not in the present natural stile, but in
that which prevailed some years ago, when mathematical figures were
preferred to natural forms.
HANAPER _Office_, an office in Chancery under the direction of the
Master of the Hanaper, his deputy, the clerk, sometimes called the
Warden of the Hanaper, and the six clerks in Chancery for the time
being, who are comptrollers of the Hanaper. The clerk of the Hanaper
receives all money due for charters, patents, commissions, and writs;
attends the Lord Keeper daily in term time, and at all times of
sealing, with leather bags, in which are put all sealed charters,
patents, and the like; and delivered to the comptroller of the
Hanaper. Mr. Chamberlain supposes, that instead of leather bags the
clerk of the Hanaper formerly carried a hamper, and that from thence
he was called the clerk of the Hamper or Hanaper.
HAND _alley_, 1. High Holborn.* 2. Long alley, Moorfields.* 3. Norfolk
street.* 4. Petticoat lane and Bishopsgate street.* 5. Snow hill.* 6.
Wormwood street.*
HAND AND CROWN _alley_, Cow Cross.*
HAND AND PEN _alley_, Tower hill.*
HAND _court_, 1. Petticoat lane.* 2. Philip lane, London Wall.* 3. Near
the Steel yard, Thames street.*
HAND AND CROWN _court_, 1. Chiswell street.* 2. Gravel lane.* 3. Orchard
street.*
HAND AND HOLYBUSH _court_, St. Clement’s.*
HAND AND PEN _court_, 1. Barbican.* 2. Great Tower hill.* 3. Leadenhall
street.*
HANDCOCK’S _yard_, Brown’s lane, Spitalfields.*
HAND IN HAND _alley_, St. Olave’s street.*
HAND IN HAND FIRE OFFICE, in Angel court, Snow hill, opposite St.
Sepulchre’s church, for insuring only houses, was erected in the year
1696, by about one hundred persons, who entering into a mutual
agreement to insure each other from losses by having their houses
consumed by fire, formed a deed of settlement for that purpose, which
was inrolled in Chancery on the 24th of January 1698, and this deed
being signed by every person desirous of becoming a member, he or she
is by this means admitted into the joint copartnership, and becomes an
equal sharer in the profit and loss, in proportion to his or her
respective insurance.
The conditions of insurance are, two shillings _per cent._ premium,
and ten shillings _per cent._ deposit on brick houses, and double
those sums on timber houses in the cities of London and Westminster,
and within five computed miles from the same, to be paid on insuring
for a term not exceeding seven years.
Houses in the country, beyond five, and so far as twenty computed
miles from the said cities are to pay an additional premium of one
shilling _per cent._ on brick, and double on timber; and beyond twenty
so far as thirty computed miles from the said cities, being the limits
of insurance by this office, an additional premium of two shillings
_per cent._ on brick, and double on timber, the deposit being the same
in all places. Houses with party-walls of brick or stone are to be
accounted brick, and those which have not such party-walls to be
accounted timber houses. Thatched are not to be insured.
Any number of contiguous houses, not exceeding the value of three
hundred pounds, may be insured in one policy.
No more than two thousand pounds can be insured on one house in a
policy: but halls, hospitals, and other large buildings, divided by
brick or stone partitions, may each be insured in several policies.
At the expiration of policies, or whatever time the property in their
houses ceases, all persons may on application to the office, receive
the deposit, together with the dividends of profit made every year
from the premium and interest of money, after the charges of the
office are paid, deducting their proportion of contributions towards
losses, during the time they have been insured.
Hence it plainly appears, that the whole money paid on insuring, both
premium and deposit, is in effect only deposited, to make good losses
by fire and the charges of the office; it being all returned, except
what is applied to those purposes.
Contributions are laid when fires happen, and dividends made every
year by the Directors, which are registered in tables hung up in the
office, to be perused by the members.
All the members or persons insured, have the liberty of examining all
the books and papers of the office, at seasonable hours, gratis.
No person insured is obliged to pay above ten shillings _per cent._
Contribution for brick, and double for timber houses, more than the
money first deposited. This being now upwards of 80,000_l._ valuing
the public securities at _Par_, must all be exhausted by losses
happening almost together, before any call can be made from the
members.
The affairs of the office are managed by twenty-four Directors,
without any salary or reward, who are chosen by balloting for three
years, from amongst, and by the persons insured, in the way of an
annual rotation, eight new ones every year, on the three days
immediately preceding the general meeting in November. They meet at
the office in Angel court on Snow hill, to transact business, every
Tuesday at three in the afternoon.
Every house before it can be insured, must be surveyed by a person
employed by the office, and in case of a loss or damage, is to be put
into the condition it was in before the fire, allowing not more than
three shillings a yard for painting, nor above thirty pounds for any
chimney piece; or else the whole sum insured is to be paid to the
sufferer without any deduction.
Nothing is more evident than that the profits of insurance, which in
the offices insuring for gain are divided on their capital stock, are
here, together with the salaries of the Directors, applied to the
benefit of the insured. The consequence of which is, that this office
having paid above two hundred and fifty thousand pounds for losses;
the charge to the injured from its beginning in the year 1696, has
been at a medium under nine-pence a year for one hundred pounds
insured on brick houses.
The surveyors are to survey houses with all convenient expedition
after directions are left, without any fee or reward.
The clerks give constant attendance at the office, from eight in the
morning to six in the evening. _The proposals delivered by the Office,
October 10, 1758._
This company keep in their service thirty firemen, who are annually
clothed, and have each a badge, on which are two hands joined and a
crown over them.
HAND IN HAND _yard_, Old Horselydown lane.*
HAND _yard_, Thames street.*
HANGING LION _yard_, Nightingale lane, East Smithfield.*
HANGING SWORD _alley_, 1. Quaker street.* 2. Water lane, Fleet street.*
HANGING SWORD _court_, Water lane, Fleet street.*
HANGMAN’S _acre_, King David’s fort, near Bluegate fields.
HANGMAN’S GAINS, St. Catherines. Mr. Strype observes, that the towns of
Calais, Hammes, and Guisnes, being lost in the reign of Queen Mary,
many of the inhabitants fled to England, and wanting habitations, a
part of St. Catharine’s where this lane is now built, was allowed
them, which from the countries whence they came was called Hammes and
Guisnes, which at length by a vulgar corruption was changed to
Hangman’s gains.
HANGMAN’S GAINS _alley_, St. Catharine’s.
HANNOWAY _street_, Tottenham Court road.†
HANOVER _court_, 1. Grub street. 2. Houndsditch. 3. In the Minories.
HANOVER _square_, so called in compliment to the present royal family,
has Oxford road on the north; Swallow street in the east; Conduit
street on the south; and New Bond street on the west. The area of the
square contains about two acres of ground, in the middle of which is a
garden inclosed with rails; the houses are new built in the modern
taste; they make a grand appearance, and are inhabited by noblemen and
gentlemen of distinguished rank.
The author of the Review of the public buildings remarks, that the
upper end of Great George street towards Hanover square is laid out so
considerably wider than at the other end, that it quite reverses the
perspective, and shews the end of the vista broader than the
beginning; which was calculated to give a noble view of this square
from its entrance, and a better prospect down the street from the
other side, and both way the effects answer the intention. He adds,
that the view down George street, from the upper side of the square,
is one of the most entertaining in this whole city: the sides of the
square, the area in the middle, the breaks of building that form the
entrance of the vista, the vista itself, but above all, the beautiful
projection of the portico of St. George’s church, are all
circumstances that unite in beauty, and render the scene perfect.
HANOVER _street_, 1. Hanover square. 2. Long Acre. 3. Rotherhith Wall.
HANOVER _stairs_, Hanover street, Rotherhith.
HANOVER _yard_, St. Giles’s.
HANSON’S _alley_, St. Giles’s Broad street.†
HARCOURT’S _buildings_, Inner Temple.†
HARDING’S _alley_, Petty France, Westminster.†
HARE _alley_, Shoreditch.*
HARE _court_, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Hare street, Spitalfields.* 3.
Inner Temple.* 4. Little Knightrider’s street.* 5. Petticoat lane.* 6.
Upper Ground.*
HARE COURT _buildings_, Inner Temple.*
HAREFIELD, a village in Middlesex, near the river Coln, between
Rickmansworth and Uxbridge, about twenty miles from London. _Harefield
Place_ is the seat of Sir Roger Newdigate, Bart. Here also George
Cooke, Esq; the present member for the county of Middlesex, has a
handsome seat and park.
HARE _marsh_, Hare street.*
HARE _street_, Brick lane, Spitalfields.*
HARE _yard_, Hoxton.*
HARLEY _street_, as does most of the other streets near it, took its
name from the late Earl of Oxford, the ground landlord, who left it to
his lady. This is a noble new street, extending northward from
Cavendish square where Sir Richard Littleton’s house is at the corner.
HARP _alley_, 1. Grub street.* 2. Little Knightrider’s street.* 3.
Saffron hill.* 4. Shoe lane.*
HARP _court_, Little Knightrider’s street.*
HARP _lane_, Tower street.*
HARP _yard_, Black horse yard, Fleet street.*
HARPER’S _alley_, Fore street, Lambeth.†
HARPER’S _walk_, Fore street, Lambeth.†
HARRIE’S _gun wharf_, Millbank.†
HARRISON’S _court_, Brook street.†
HARRIS’S _court_, Ratcliff Highway.†
HARRIS’S _rents_, Rosemary lane.†
HARROLD’S _court_, Coal yard.†
HARROW _alley_, 1. St. Catharine’s.* 2. Holborn.* 3. Mint street.* 4.
Old Gravel lane.* 5. Old street.* 6. Petticoat lane.* 7. Whitechapel.*
HARROW _corner_, 1. Bennet’s hill.* 2. Deadman’s place.* 3. Fleet lane.*
4. Long lane.*
HARROW _dunghil_, Mint street.*
HARROW _dunghil yard_, Old Horselydown.*
HARROW _yard_, Ropemakers fields.*
HARROW ON THE HILL, is situated in Middlesex, fifteen miles N. W. from
London, on the highest hill in the county, on the summit of which
stands the church, which has a very high spire. This parish is famous
for a free school founded by Mr. John Lyons in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth; and every 4th of August a select number of the scholars,
dressed in the habit of archers, come with their bows, and shoot at a
mark for a silver arrow.
HARTFORD, or HERTFORD, the county town of Hartfordshire, is situated on
the river Lea, twenty-three miles from London, and is a place of great
antiquity. It is said to have been of some note even in the time of
the ancient Britons; here the Saxon Kings frequently kept their
courts, and here King Alfred built a castle, by which he destroyed the
Danish vessels that passed from the Thames up the river Lea. The town
had its first charter granted by Queen Mary, by which it was made a
corporation, and King James I. granted it a new one. The town is
pleasantly situated in a dry and healthful vale, and built in the form
of a Y with a castle in the middle of the two horns. It is governed by
a High Steward, who is generally a nobleman, and by a Mayor, nine
Aldermen, a Recorder, a Town Clerk, a Chamberlain, ten capital
Burgesses, with sixteen Assistants, and two serjeants at mace. Here
were five churches, which are reduced to two. In that of St. Andrew’s
there is not only a seat for the Mayor and Aldermen, but another for
the Governors of Christ Church hospital in London, and a gallery, in
which 200 of the children of that hospital may be accommodated; for
the Governors have erected an handsome house in the town for such
children, as either wanted health, or are too young for that hospital.
Here is also a handsome free school, and three charity schools; but
tho’ the splendor of the town is much diminished, since the north road
from London was turned through Ware, yet the county jail is still kept
here, and the jail delivery in the castle. This town has the honour of
giving the title of Earl to the Duke of Somerset, and of sending two
members to parliament. The chief commodities of its market are wool,
wheat, and malt, and it is said to send 5000 quarters of malt weekly
to London by the river Lea.
Near this town is a seat of the late Governor Harrison, pleasantly
situated on a hill that commands a fine prospect of the country all
around; and its neighbourhood is a seat of the Clarks, which also
enjoys a delightful situation.
HARTINGFORDBURY, a village a little to the west of Hartford, near which
the Earl Cowper has a handsome seat, built by his father, the Lord
Chancellor of that name.
HART _alley_, Grub street, Fore street.*
HART _court_, Little Knightrider’s street.*
HART ROW _street_, without Newgate.*
HART _street_, 1. Bloomsbury. 2. By Bow street, Covent Garden. 3.
Cripplegate. 4. Duke street. 5. Mark lane, Fenchurch street.
HARTSHORN _court_, 1. Golden lane. 2. Moor lane.
HARTSHORN _lane_, in the Strand, lately by Northumberland house, leading
down from the Strand to the water side; but it is now demolished, and
a handsome street building in its room, which, it is said, will be
called Northumberland street, from the present Earl of Northumberland
to whom it belongs.
HARVEY’S _court_, in the Strand.†
HARWAR’S _Almshouse_, in Kingsland road, was founded by Mr. Samuel
Harwar, citizen and draper, in the year 1713, for twelve single men
and women, six of whom are to be put in by the company of Drapers, and
the other six by the parish of St. Leonard, Shoreditch: each of whom
is allowed six shillings a month, and eighteen bushels of coals a
year.
HARWOOD’S _court_, 1. Wellclose square. 2. Well street.
HARWOOD’S _yard_, Holiwell street.*
HASS _park_, Wheeler street.
HASTEWOOD’S _court_, Blue Anchor alley.†
HASTING’S _court_, 1. Ratcliff Highway.† 2. Upper Shadwell.†
HAT AND MITRE _court_, St. John’s street.*
HATBANDMAKERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King
Charles I. in the year 1638. They have a Master, two Wardens, and
twelve Assistants; but have neither livery nor hall.
This fraternity during the wear of rich hatbands, was in a flourishing
condition; but this part of dress having been many years out of
fashion, the trade of making hatbands is almost dwindled to nothing,
so that there are at present but two or three of the company who are
really hatbandmakers. _Maitland._
HATCHET _alley_, 1. Church lane, Whitechapel. 2. East Smithfield. 3.
Little Britain. 4. Little Tower hill.
HATE _street_, Greek street, Soho.
HATFIELD, a town in Hertfordshire, twenty miles from London, was called
Bishops-Hatfield, from its belonging to the Bishops of Ely. Here
Theodore Archbishop of Canterbury held a synod, against the Eutychean
opinions; and here was once a royal palace, from whence both Edward
VI. and Queen Elizabeth were conducted to the throne. The rectory,
which is in the Earl of Salisbury’s gift, is computed at 800_l._ a
year.
The Earl of Salisbury has here a noble seat built by the great Lord
Burleigh, called Hatfield House. The park and gardens, in which is a
vineyard, is watered by the river Lea.
HATFIELD _street_, Goswell street.
HATTON _court_, 1. Saffron hill. 2. Thread-needle street.
HATTON _garden_, Holborn, a broad straight and long street, in which the
houses are pretty lofty; but tho’ they are plain and unadorned on the
outside, yet there being something like regularity in the buildings,
they appear to great advantage; and the street affording a fine vista,
may justly be reckoned among the handsomest within the liberties of
the city. Mr. Strype observes, that here was anciently situated the
mansion house of the Bishop of Ely; adjoining to it was an orchard and
pasture of about forty acres inclosed with a wall, which falling to
the Crown at the death of Bishop Cox, she granted it to the Lord
Chancellor Hatton, and his heirs for ever. Upon which the house was
pulled down, and Hatton Garden, and several other streets erected on
this estate. _Strype’s Stow._
HATTON _wall_, at the end of Hatton garden; probably so called from its
being at the extremity of the wall of the garden in which the street
called Hatton Garden was built. See the preceding article.
HATTON _yard_, Hatton Wall.†
HAVILAND’S _rents_, St. Catharine’s.†
HAUNCH OF VENSION _yard_, Brook street.*
HAWKERS AND PEDLERS _Office_, for granting licences to the hawkers and
pedlers, is kept in Holborn court, Grays Inn. These belong to this
office three commissioners, a comptroller, a cashier, nine riding
surveyors, and a supernumerary riding surveyor, each of whom has a
salary of 100_l._ a year. There are besides a few other officers with
smaller salaries.
HAWS’S _Almshouse_, in Bow lane, Poplar, was founded in the year 1686,
for six poor women, who besides a room have thirty shillings a year
each.
HAY _court_, near Newport market.
HAY _hill_, Dover street.
HAYMARKET, Pall Mall, a pretty long and spacious street, in which there
is the opera house on one side, and a small theatre on the other. It
received its name from there being a market here for hay and straw,
every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday.
HAZELWOOD _court_, Bunhill row.*
HEATHCOCK _court_, in the Strand.*
HEATH’S _Almshouse_, in Almshouse row,* in the Lower street, Islington,
was founded by John Heath, Esq; in the year 1648, for the reception of
ten decayed members of the clothworkers company, who annually receive
from their corporation, who are trustees for this foundation, the sum
6_l._ each. _Maitland._
HEATH’S _rents_, Church lane, Rag Fair.†
HEDDON’S _court_, Swallow street.†
HEDDON’S _street_, Swallow street.†
HEDGE _alley_, Barnaby street.
HEDGE _lane_, Charing Cross, so called from its being formerly inclosed
all along between two hedges. _Maitland._
HEDGERS _court_, St. Thomas’s, Southwark.
HEDLEY, a village in Surry, three miles from Epsom.
_St._ HELEN’S _Church_, situated in a spacious court, on the east side
of Bishopsgate street, called Little St. Helen’s, is thus denominated
from its dedication to St. Helena, the mother of Constantine the
Great. This church escaped the flames in 1666, and is no ill monument
of the taste of the time in which it was erected. It is a Gothic
structure of the lighter kind; and consists of a plain body, with
large windows not too much encumbered with ornaments. It has a tower
wrought with rustic at the corners, and crowned with a turret and dome
in which is a bell.
In this church was formerly a figure of the Trinity, and a high altar
of St. Helena, to which much devotion was paid. The church is now a
vicarage in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s.
In the north isle is the following inscription, on a large handsome
piece of black marble, under which are placed the remains of the wife,
son, and daughter of Mr. Thomas Payne, bookseller.
Silent grave, to thee I trust
These precious piles of lovely dust;
Keep them safely, sacred tomb,
Till a father asks for room.
_Priory of St._ HELEN’S, was a convent of Black Nuns, founded in the
reign of Henry III. by the above church; but was surrendered to the
Crown in the thirteenth year of the reign of Henry VIII. The nuns
hall, and other houses belonging to the priory, have been since
purchased by the leathersellers company, and is their common hall.
HELMET _alley_, Fore street, Cripplegate.*
HELMET _court_, 1. Butcher Row, Temple Bar.* 2. Near Catharine street,
in the Strand.* 3. Fore street, Cripplegate.* 4. London Wall.* 5. In
the Minories.* 6. Thames street.* 7. Wormwood street.*
HELMET _row_, Old street.*
HEMLOCK _court_, Carey street, Lincoln’s Inn fields.
HEMMING’S _row_, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.†
HEMP _yard_, 1. Creechurch lane. 2. Petticoat lane. 3. Seething lane.
HEMPSTED, or HEMEL-HEMPSTED, a town in Hertfordshire, situated about
eight miles to the west of St. Alban’s, is esteemed one of the
greatest markets for wheat in this county, if not in England: it is
kept on Thursday, and 20,0001. a week is often returned in it for meal
only. Eleven mills stand within four miles of the place, which bring a
great trade to it; but by this means the road is so continually torn,
that it is one of the worst turnpike ways round London.
HEN _court_, Golden lane.*
HEN AND CHICKENS _court_, Fleet street.*
HENNAGE _lane_, Duke’s Place.
HENRIETTA _street_, 1. Cavendish square. 2. Covent Garden.
HENRY _street_, Old street.
HEPPER’S _wharf_, near Puddle dock, Thames street.†
HEPWORTH’S _alley_, Dancing Bridge.†
HERALDS _Office_, or the _College of Arms_, is situated upon St.
Bennet’s hill, near Doctors Commons, at the south west end of St.
Paul’s cathedral. This office was destroyed by the dreadful
conflagration in 1666, and rebuilt about three years after. It is a
square, inclosed by regular brick buildings, which are extremely neat
without expensive decorations. The floors are raised above the level
of the ground, and there is an ascent to them by flights of plain
steps. The principal front is in the lower story ornamented with
rustic, upon which are placed four Ionic pilasters, that support an
angular pediment. The sides which are conformable to this have arched
pediments, that are also supported by Ionic pilasters. On the inside
is a large room for keeping the court of honour; a library; with
houses and apartments for the King’s Heralds and Pursuivants.
This corporation consists of thirteen members, viz. three Kings at
arms, six Heralds at arms, and four Pursuivants at arms; who are
nominated by the Earl Marshal of England, as ministers subordinate to
him in the execution of their offices, and hold their places by
patent, during their good behaviour. They are all the King’s servants
in ordinary, and therefore in the vacancy of the office of Earl
Marshal, have been sworn into their offices by the Lord Chamberlain.
Their meetings are termed chapters, which they hold the first Thursday
in every month, or oftener, if necessary, wherein all matters are
determined by a majority of voices of the Kings and Heralds, each King
having two voices.
The Kings are Garter, Clarenceux and Norroy. Garter was instituted by
King Henry V. in the year 1417, for the service of the most noble
order of the Garter: and for the dignity of that order, he was made
Sovereign, within the office of arms, over all the other officers
subject to the crown of England, by the name of _Garter King of Arms
of England_. By the constitution of his office he must be a native of
England, and a gentleman bearing arms. To him belongs the correction
of arms, and all ensigns of arms usurped or borne unjustly; and the
power of granting arms to deserving persons, and supporters to the
nobility and Knights of the Bath. It is likewise his office to go next
before the sword in solemn processions, none interposing, except the
Marshal; to administer the oath to all the officers of arms; to have a
habit like the register of the order; with Baron’s service in the
court, and lodgings in Windsor Castle; he bears his white rod with a
banner of the ensigns of the order thereon before the Sovereign; when
any Lord enters the parliament chamber, it is his post to assign him
his place, according to his dignity and degree; to carry the ensigns
of the order to foreign Princes, and to do, or procure to be done,
what the Sovereign shall enjoin relating to the order; for the
execution of which he has a salary of 100_l._ a year payable at the
Exchequer, and 100_l._ more out of the revenue of the order; besides
his fees.
The others are called Provincial Kings, and their provinces together,
comprise the whole kingdom of England; that of Clarenceux
comprehending all to the south of the river Trent; and that of Norroy,
all to the north of that river: but tho’ these provincials have
existed time immemorial, they were not constituted to these offices by
the titles of Clarenceux and Norroy before Edward III.
Clarenceux is thus named from the Duke of Clarence, the third son of
King Edward III. It is his duty, according to his commission, to visit
his province, to survey the arms of all persons, &c. and to register
their descents, marriages, &c. to marshal the funerals of all persons
in his province not under the direction of Garter; and in his province
to grant arms, with the consent of the Earl Marshal. Before the
institution of Garter he was the principal officer of arms, and in the
vacancy of Garter he executes his office. Besides his fees, he has a
salary from the Exchequer of 40_l._ a year.
The duty and office of Norroy, or North Roy, that is North King, is
the same on the north of the Trent, as that of Clarenceux on the
south.
The Kings of arms were formerly erected by the Sovereign with great
solemnity, upon some high festival; but since the ceremonies used at
the creation of Peers have been laid aside, the Kings of arms have
been created by the Earl Marshal, by virtue of the Sovereign’s
warrant: upon this occasion he takes his oath; wine is poured upon his
head out of a gilt cup, with a cover; his title is pronounced; and he
invested with a tabart of the royal arms, richly embroidered upon
velvet; a collar of SS. with two portcullises of silver gilt; a gold
chain, with a badge of his office, and the Earl Marshal places on his
head the crown of a King of arms, which formerly resembled a ducal
coronet; but since the restoration it has been adorned with leaves
resembling those of the oak, and circumscribed, according to ancient
custom, with the words, MISERERE MEI DEUS SECUNDUM MAGNAM
MISERICORDIAM TUAM. Garter has also a mantle of crimson sattin, as an
officer of the order; with a white rod or scepter with the Sovereign’s
arms on the top, which he bears in the presence of the Sovereign; and
he is sworn in a chapter of the Garter, the Sovereign investing him
with the ensigns of his office.
The Kings of arms are distinguished from each other by their
respective badges, which they may wear at all times, either in a gold
chain or a ribbon, Garter’s being blue and the Provincials purple.
The six Heralds are Windsor, Chester, Lancaster, York, Richmond, and
Somerset, who take place according to seniority in office. They are
created with the same ceremonies as the Kings, taking the oath of an
Herald, and are inverted with a tabart of the royal arms, embroidered
upon sattin, not so rich as the Kings, but better than the
Pursuivants, and a silver collar of SS. They are Esquires by creation,
and have a salary of 26_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ _per annum_, and fees
according to their degree.
The Kings and Heralds are sworn upon a sword as well as the book, to
shew that they are military, as well as civil officers.
The four Pursuivants, who are, Rougecroix, Bluemantle, Rougedragon,
and Portcullis, are also created by the Earl Marshal, when they take
their oath of a Pursuivant, and are invested with a tabart of the
royal arms upon damask. They have a salary of 20_l._ a year, with fees
according to their degree. It is the duty of the Heralds and
Pursuivants, to attend in the public office, one of each class
together, by a monthly rotation.
Besides these particular duties of the several classes, it is the
general duty both of the Kings, Heralds, and Pursuivants, to attend
his Majesty at the house of Peers, and, upon certain high festivals,
to the chapel royal; to make proclamations; to marshal the proceedings
at all public processions; to attend the installation of the Knights
of the Garter, &c.
All these officers have apartments in the college, annexed to their
respective offices. They have likewise a public hall, in which is a
court for the Earl Marshal, where courts of chivalry are occasionally
held, and the officers of arms attend in their tabarts, his Lordship
being present. Their public library contains a large and valuable
collection of original records of the pedigrees and arms of families,
funeral certificates of the nobility and gentry, public ceremonials,
and other branches of heraldry and antiquities; and there have been
few works published, relating to the history and antiquities of this
kingdom, in which the authors have not received some assistance from
this library, where attendance is daily given by two officers for the
public emolument. _Instructions communicated by Stephen Martin Leake,
Esq; Garter King of Arms, to Mr. Maitland._
HERBERT’S _grounds_, Bandyleg Walk.†
HERBERT’S _passage_, Beaufort Buildings.†
HERCULES PILLARS _alley_, Fleet street.*
HERCULES _yard_, Turnmill street.*
HERMITAGE _bridge_, Hermitage dock.
HERMITAGE _court_, Red Maid lane, near the Hermitage.
HERMITAGE, Dock side. There were formerly several hermitages on the
ground on which London now stands.
HERMITAGE _stairs_, Wapping.
HERMITAGE _street_, Wapping.
HERMITAGE _yard_, Parish street.
HERON’S _yard_, Marsham street.†
HERTFORD’S _court_, Fenchurch street.†
HESTON, a village in Middlesex, to the north west of Hounslow.
HEWET’S _court_, in the Strand.†
HEWEY _court_, near Halfmoon street, in the Strand.†
HEYDON _court_, Heydon square.†
HEYDON _passage_, Heydon square.†
HEYDON _square_, on the east side of the Minories.†
HEYDON _yard_, Heydon square.†
HICKMAN’S _court_, Mill street.†
HICK’S _court_, Shoreditch.†
HICKS’S HALL, in St. John’s street, facing West Smithfield, is the
county hall in which the justices of Middlesex hold their sessions.
This is a very plain brick edifice with a portico at the entrance. It
was built by Sir Baptist Hicks, Viscount Campden, who was for some
time a mercer in Cheapside, and died in 1629, and from him it received
its name. _Stow._
HICKS’S _yard_, Angel alley, Little Moorfields.†
HIDE PARK, is in a very fine situation to the west of the new buildings
of London, from which it extends to Kensington; it being encompassed
by a wall, and well stocked with deer. There is a place in it called
the _Ring_, which used formerly to be frequented by people of fashion
in their coaches. Mr. Misson, who published an account of his travels
over England, speaking of this _Ring_, which was then in vogue, says,
“The coaches drive round and round, and when they have turned for some
time round one way, they face about and turn t’other: so rolls the
world.” Here is a bason of water, formed to supply the above-mentioned
new buildings, and a fine serpentine river. There are several good
prospects from it. A magazine for gunpowder has been lately built in
this Park near the Ring.
HIDE PARK _corner_, Piccadilly, by the corner of Hide Park.
HIDE PARK _street_, Hide Park.
HIDE _street_, Bloomsbury.
HIDE’S _court_, 1. King street, Golden square.† 2. Noble street.† 3.
Hide’s rents, Chick lane.†
HIGH HOLBORN, that part of Holborn beyond the bars, and out of the
liberties of the city.
HIGH HOLBORN LIBERTY, which consists of that part without the bars, is
one of the two liberties in the county of Middlesex and hundred of
Osulston, belonging to the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn; though by
its separate government, (exclusive of that of the church) it acts in
all respects as if independent. _Maitland._
HIGH _street_, 1. Aldgate. 2. Coverlead’s fields. 3. St. Giles’s.
HIGH TIMBER _street_, Broken Wharf.
HIGHGATE, a large and populous village in Middlesex, a little above four
miles north of London, is so called from its high situation on the top
of a hill, and a gate erected there above 400 years ago, to receive
toll for the Bishop of London; upon an old miry road from Grays Inn
lane to Barnet, being turned through that Bishop’s park. The church,
which is a very old edifice, is a chapel of ease to Pancras and
Hornsey; and where it stands was formerly an hermitage; near which the
Lord Chief Baron Cholmondeley built and endowed a free school in 1562,
which was enlarged in the year 1570, by Edwin Sandys, Bishop of
London, and a chapel added to it. There are also here several
dissenting meeting houses. On the side next London, the fineness of
the prospect over the city, as far as Shooter’s hill, and below
Greenwich, has occasioned several handsome edifices to be built;
particularly a very fine house erected by the late Sir William
Ashurst. It is remarkable that most of the public houses in Highgate
have a large pair of horns placed over the sign; and that when any of
the country people stop for refreshment, a pair of large horns fixed
to the end of a staff, is brought to them, and they are earnestly
pressed to be sworn. If they consent, a kind of burlesque oath is
administered; that they will never eat brown bread when they can get
white; never kiss the maid when they can kiss the mistress; and
abundance of other things of the same kind, which they repeat after
the person who brings the horns, with one hand fixed upon them. This
ridiculous ceremony is altered according to the sex of the person who
is sworn; who is allowed to add to each article, except I like the
other better; the whole being over, he or she must kiss the horns, and
pay a shilling for the oath, to be spent among the company, to which
he or she belongs.
HIGHGATE _road_, Tottenham court.
HILLIARD’S _court_, Old Gravel lane.†
HILLINGTON, or HILLINGDON, the name of two villages in Middlesex,
situated near each other, at a small distance from Uxbridge, and
distinguished by the epithets Great and Little. The church of Great
Hillington is a vicarage, to which the town of Uxbridge is a hamlet,
and here Meinhardt, late Duke of Schomberg had a seat; and Mr.
Chetwynd has one at Little Hillington.
HILL’S _Almshouse_, in Rochester row, Tothill fields, was erected in the
year 1708, pursuant to the will of Emery Hill, Esq; for the use of six
poor men and their wives, and six poor widows. The former are allowed
7_l._ 4_s._ and a chaldron of coals every year; and the latter 5_l._
and a chaldron of coals _per annum_, and a gown every other year.
The same gentleman erected an almshouse in Petty France, Westminster,
in the year 1677, for the reception of three men and their wives; but
left it to be endowed out of the surplusage of the above almshouse;
however it does not appear that there ever was any surplus.
_Maitland._
HILL’S _rents_, Helmet court, Butcher Row, near Temple Bar.†
HILL’S _wharf_, Wapping Wall.†
HILL’S _yard_, Shoreditch.
HIND _court_, 1. Coleman street, Lothbury. 2. Drury lane. 3. Fleet
street.
HIND’S _alley_, Maiden lane.†
HIND’S _rents_, Maze Pond street.†
HINTON’S _Almshouse_, in Plough alley, Barbican, was erected in the year
1732,pursuant to the will of Alice Hinton, of Hackney, widow, who
bequeathed the sum of 2000_l._ for erecting and endowing an almshouse
for twelve poor widows of the parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate; but
the building was only erected for six, occasioned, it is said, by the
loss of effects at sea, and 700_l._ by African stock. Each widow has,
however, two neat rooms, and the house is endowed with 22_l._ _per
annum_, arising from ground rent. _Maitland._
HITCHCOCK’S _yard_, Newington Causeway.†
HOAR’S _yard_, Bishopsgate street.†
HOBBIN’S _court_, Long lane, Southwark.†
HOBB’S _rents_, Marigold street.†
HOCKENHUIL’S _court_, Black Eagle street, Spitalfields.†
HOCKLEY _in the Hole_, near Clerkenwell.
HODDESDON, a hamlet situated on the river Lea, in the parish of Amswell
and Brocksbourn in Hertfordshire, nineteen miles from London. Queen
Elizabeth granted a grammar school to be kept here, and an almshouse
was founded in the reign of King Henry VI. by Richard Rich, Sheriff of
London. It is a great thoroughfare on the north road, and has a market
on Thursday, and fair eleven days after St. Peter’s.
HODGE’S _rents_, Nightingale lane.†
HOG _alley_, East Smithfield.*
HOG ISLAND, Liquorpond street.
HOG _land_, 1. St. Giles’s Pound.* 2. Norton Falgate.*
HOG _yard_, 1. East Smithfield.* 2. Flemish church yard.* 3. Kent
street.* 4. Liquorpond street. 5. Tothill street.* 6. White’s yard,
Rosemary lane.*
HOLAND’S _court_, Back alley, Wapping.†
HOLAND’S LEGURE, near Green walk.†
HOLAND’S LEGURE _walk_, Green walk.†
HOLAND _street_, 1. Black Friars. 2. Great Wardour street.
HOLBORN, extends from the bottom of Snow hill to Broad St. Giles’s. This
street was anciently a village called Oldborne, built on the bank of a
brook or borne called Olborne, or Holbourn, that sprung up near Middle
row, and flowed down the hill in a clear current, till it fell into
the river of Wells at Holborn bridge. Along this rivulet the village
gradually extended itself west ward, and communicated its name to this
long and spacious street, afterwards built upon the same spot. This
brook now runs the same course along the common sewer. Holborn was
first paved from the bridge to the bars in the year 1535.
HOLBORN _bars_, near the end of Gray’s Inn lane, where the liberties of
the city end on that side.
HOLBORN _bridge_, a bridge erected over Fleet ditch, at the bottom of
Holborn hill, where the river of Wells, also called Turnmill brook,
fell into it.
HOLBORN _court_, the first court in Gray’s Inn, on passing through the
gate out of Holborn.
HOLBORN _hill_, the descent at the east end of Holborn.
HOLBORN _row_, Lincoln’s Inn fields.
HOLDEN, or _Nonsuch court_, Gracechurch street.†
HOLDING _street_, Rotherhith.
HOLE IN THE WALL, Little Russel street.*
HOLE IN THE WALL _yard_, Goddard’s rents.*
HOLFORD _alley_, Drury lane.†
HOLFORD _court_, Fenchurch street.†
HOLFORD’S _walk_, Fore street, Lambeth.†
HOLIDAY’S _court_, 1. Blue Anchor alley.† 2. Narrow Wall.†
HOLIDAY’S _yard_, Creed lane.†
HOLIWELL, a fine spring, now choaked up with soil and a hill of rubbish
called Holiwell Mount, near Shoreditch. This spring, in the times of
popery, was famed for its miraculous virtues, and thence obtained the
name of _Holy_.
A little to the south of this well, but within its precinct, stood an
ancient priory of Benedictine nuns, which after many repairs, was
rebuilt by Sir Thomas Lovel, Knight of the Garter, in the reigns of
Henry VII. and VIII. who also gave to this priory a considerable
benefaction in land, and was here buried in a chapel which he himself
had erected. In commemoration of this benefactor, the following lines
were curiously painted in most of the glass windows:
_All the nunnes in Holiwell,
Pray for the soul of Thomas Lovel._
This priory, at the general suppression of monasteries, was
surrendered to Henry VIII. in the year 1539, and its ruins are still
to be seen in St. John’s court in Holiwell lane: the populace unjustly
consider these as the remains of St. John’s palace, tho’ it does not
appear that ever any royal mansion was in this neighbourhood.
HOLIWELL _court_, 1. Holiwell lane, Shoreditch. 2. St. Catharine’s.
HOLIWELL _lane_, 1. Shoreditch. 2. St. Catharine’s, Tower hill.
HOLIWELL _mount_, Holiwell lane, Shoreditch.
HOLIWELL _row_, Horseshoe alley, Shoreditch.
HOLIWELL _street_, 1. Shoreditch. 2. In the Strand; so called from its
neighbourhood to St. Clement’s well.
HOLLAND HOUSE, a little beyond Kensington, is a fine old large Gothic
structure built of brick, very pleasantly situated on a rising ground,
and is at present the seat of the right Hon. Henry Fox. The celebrated
Mr. Addison, who married the Countess of Warwick, lived in this house.
HOLLES’S _Almshouse_, in Great St. Helen’s, near Bishopsgate street, was
founded by the Lady Holles, relict of Sir William Holles, Lord Mayor
of London, in the year 1539, for six poor men or women, and endowed
with 10_l._ a year, out of which each person was to receive 7_d._ a
week, and the surplus to be laid out in coals for their use.
As an addition to this foundation, Alice Smith of London, widow,
devised lands to the value of 15_l._ a year; which, with the above
mentioned, being greatly increased in their revenues, the company of
Skinners, who are the trustees, have rebuilt the house in a handsome
manner, and augmented the pensions of the poor. _Maitland._
HOLLIS _street_, 1. Clare market.† 2. Oxford street.†
_The_ HOLLOW, near Brick lane.
HOLLOWAY _court_, Nevil’s court, Rosemary lane.
HOLLYBUSH _court_, St. Clement’s, Temple Bar.*
HOLMAN’S _alley_, Bunhill row.†
HOLYWELL. See HOLIWELL.
HOMERTON, a hamlet belonging to Hackney.
HONESTY’S _square_, Chick lane.
HONESTY’S _yard_, St. James’s court, Chick lane.
HONEY _court yard_, Ailesbury street.
HONEY _lane_, Cheapside.
HONEY _lane market_, behind the north side of Cheapside, facing Bow
church. After the fire of London, Honey lane, and other buildings,
were converted into this market, among which was the parish church of
Allhallows Honey lane. It is the smallest market in the city, being
but 193 feet in length from east to west, and 97 from north to south.
In the middle is a market house, which stands on pillars, has rooms
over it, and is crowned with a bell tower. In this market there are
135 standing stalls for butchers covered over, and also several stalls
for fruiterers; the passages into it are inhabited by fishmongers,
poulterers, &c. It is famous for the goodness of the provisions sold
there, with which it is well supplied on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays,
and Saturdays.
HONEYSUCKLE _court_, Grub street, Fore street.*
HOOKER’S _court_, St. Nicholas lane.*
HOOKE’S HOLE _yard_, Upper Ground street.*
HOOP _alley_, 1. Old street.* 2. Portpool lane.*
HOOP _yard_, 1. Little Swan alley.* 2. New Fish street hill.* 3. In the
Strand.*
HOOPER’S _square_, Goodman’s fields.†
HOOPER’S _yard_, 1. Brick lane, Spitalfields.† 2. Tooley street.†
HOP _garden_, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.
HOPKIN’S _rents_, Crown alley, Tooley street.†
HOPKIN’S _row_, near Petty France, Westminster.†
HOPKIN’S _street_, Broad street, Poland street.†
HOPTON’S _Almshouse_, in the parish of Christ Church, Surry, was founded
by Charles Hopton, Esq; for twenty-six poor men, who have been
housekeepers and come to decay, each of whom has an upper and lower
room, with 10_l._ a year paid monthly, and a chaldron of coals. The
building is handsome, neat, and spacious. The founder died in the year
1730, and the poor men were first admitted two years after by the
minister and two churchwardens of that parish, and ten other
gentlemen, who are trustees for the management of this charity.
HOPTON _street_, Berwick street.†
HORN _alley_, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Liquorpond street.* 3. Tower
street, Tower hill.*
HORN _court_, 1. Basing lane.* 2. Beer lane, Tower street, near Tower
hill.* 3. Peter street, Westminster.*
HORN TAVERN _court_, St. Margaret’s lane.*
HORN _yard_, Goodman’s fields.*
HORNCHURCH, a town near Rumford in Essex, was formerly called Horn
Monastery from a large pair of leaden horns; which, according to
tradition, were placed there by a certain King, who disliking its
former name Hore Church, so called from its being built by a whore, in
order to attone for her sins, altered its name by setting up the
horns.
HORNERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King
Charles I. in the year 1638. They are governed by a Master, two
Wardens, and nine Assistants; but have neither livery nor hall.
In the reign of Henry IV. this company was greatly reduced, by the
almost general exportation of horns; when applying to parliament in
the year 1465, it was enacted, that from thenceforward no other horns
should be exported, but such as were refused by the horners of this
city and kingdom, on the penalty of forfeiture: and for the more
effectual execution of this law, the Wardens of the company of Horners
of this city were impowered to search for all such goods and
merchandize, both wrought and unwrought, not only within this city and
20 miles round, but in the fairs of Sturbridge and Ely, and all such
goods as were found bad and unmarketable were to be forfeited.
_Maitland._
HORNSEY, a village in Middlesex, five miles from London. About a mile
nearer this, is a coppice of young trees, called _Hornsey Wood_, at
the entrance of which is a genteel public house, to which great
numbers of persons resort from the city. This house being situated on
the top of a hill, affords a delightful prospect of the neighbouring
country.
HORNS _yard_, 1. Cloth fair, East Smithfield.* 2. Kent street.* 3. Peter
street, Westster. 4. Stony street.* 5. Whitechapel.*
_Master of the_ HORSE. See the article MASTER OF THE HORSE.
HORSE AND GROOM _yard_, Wood street, Westminster.*
HORSE AND TRUMPET _yard_, Poor Jewry lane, Aldgate.
HORSE GUARDS, a noble modern edifice opposite to the Banquetting-house,
Whitehall. It consists of a center and two wings, and has an air of
solidity perfectly agreeable to the nature of the building. It
receives its name from the horse guards, who while the King is at St.
James’s are here on duty, two at a time being constantly mounted and
completely armed, under two handsome slope porches detached from the
building, and erected to shelter them from the weather. This structure
is equally calculated for the use of the foot as well as the horse on
duty.
In the center of this edifice is an arched passage into St. James’s
Park, and the building over this has a pediment, in which are the
King’s arms in bass relief. But this arch, as it is the passage of his
Majesty to and from the house of Peers, should have been more lofty
and noble. At each extreme of this center is a pavilion. But the
cupola, which is not seen in the view represented in the plate of the
Treasury, has but little to recommend it. The middle face of the
cupola presents a dial; and the aperture in the lower part of this,
and on the several stages of the other, are well calculated to break
the plainness, without weakening the building, either in reality or
appearance. The wings are plainer than the center. They each consist
of a fore front, projecting a little, with ornamented windows in the
principal story, and a plain one in the sides. Each has its pediment,
with a circular window in the center: and the whole has a proper air
of strength and plainness.
HORSE _walk_, Windmill hill, Moorfields.
HORSE AND CART _yard_, St. John’s street.
HORSEFERRY _bank_, Millbank, Westminster.
HORSEFERRY _lane_, Fore street, Lambeth.
HORSEFERRY _road_, Tothill fields.
HORSELYDOWN, Tooley street. All the tract called Horselydown, including
the streets, square and lane of the same name, was originally a
grazing ground, whence it was denominated _Horse Down_, which by
corruption was changed to _Horselydown_. _Stow, last edit._
HORSELYDOWN _fair street_, near Free school street.
HORSELYDOWN _Old lane_, Horselydown.
HORSELYDOWN _square_, Shad Thames.
HORSELYDOWN _stairs_, Horselydown.
HORSELYDOWN _street_, St. Olave’s, Southwark.
HORSEMONGER _lane_, near Blackman street.
HORSESHOE _alley_, 1. Anchor street.* 2. Bank side, Southwark.* 3.
Bunhill row.* 4. Fashion street.* 5. Golden lane.* 6. Maiden lane.* 7.
Moorfields.* 8. Petticoat lane. 9. Petty France. 10. Thread-needle
street.* 11. Whitechapel.*
HORSESHOE ALLEY _stairs_, Bank side.*
HORSESHOE _court_, 1. Bridge yard, Tooley street.* 2. Clement’s lane,
near Temple Bar.* 3. Cock lane, West Smithfield.* 4. Fashion street.*
5. Giltspur street, without Newgate.* 6. Old street.* 7. Peter street,
Hicks’s hall.* 8. Seething lane.*
HORSESHOE _passage_, Blowbladder street.*
HORSESHOE _yard_, 1. Brook street.* 2. Old Gravel lane.*
HOSIER _lane_, West Smithfield; so called from its being formerly
inhabited by the hosiers. _Stow._
HOSKIN’S _court_, Hartshorn lane, in the Strand.†
HOSPITAL _passage_, leading from Christ’s hospital into Butcherhall
lane.*
HOSPITAL _walk_, Hoxton.
HOUGHTON _street_, Clare market.†
HOTWATER _alley_, Paris Garden lane.
HOVEL, Hog lane, Norton Falgate.
HOUNDSDITCH, extends from Bishopsgate street without to Aldgate street
within, and runs along the outside of the city wall. Here was formerly
the city moat, which obtained the name of Houndsditch, from the number
of dead dogs flung into it; and this ditch being filled up, the street
built upon it obtained the same name. _Maitland._
HOUNSLOW, a village 12 miles north of London, on the edge of the heath
of the same name, which is equally famous for horse-races and
robberies. There are here a chapel and a charity school. The village
belongs to two parishes, the north side of the street to Hefton, and
the south to Isleworth. In this place was formerly a convent of
mendicant friars, who by their institution were to beg alms for the
ransom of captives taken by the infidels. On its dissolution by King
Henry VIII. that Prince gave it to the Lord Windsor, and it was
afterwards purchased by Mr. Auditor Roan.
HOUSEWIFE _alley_, Old Bethlem.
_Master of the_ HOUSHOLD. See the article MASTER OF THE HOUSHOLD.
HOWARD _street_, Norfolk street. Lord Arundel’s house stood there, and
from thence both Arundel and Norfolk street had their names.
HOWARD’S _alley_, 1. Angel alley.† 2. Back street, Lambeth.† 3.
Clerkenwell close.†
HOWARD’S CAUSEWAY _alley_, Narrow Wall.†
HOWFORD’S _court_, 1. Fenchurch street.† St. Nicholas lane, Lombard
street.†
HOXTON, near Shoreditch. This was for many ages a village, and in the
Conqueror’s Survey is named _Hocheston_: but by the increase of
buildings it has been for some time past joined to this metropolis.
HOXTON _market_, Hoxton.
HOXTON _road_, Hoxton.
HOXTON _square_, Hoxton.
HOYLE’S _court_, Noble street, Foster lane.†
HUBBART’S _rents_, Houndsditch.†
HUBBART’S _yard_, Brown’s lane.†
HUCKER’S _court_, St. Nicholas lane.†
HUDSON’S BAY _Company_. Though the extensive countries to which this
Company trade, were discovered by Sir Sebastian Cabot, in the year
1497, yet this commerce does not seem to have been fully settled till
after the year 1670, at which time King Charles II. by his letters
patent incorporated the adventurers by the title of _The Governor and
Company of the Adventurers of England trading into Hudson’s Bay_, and
granted them and their successors for ever, all the streights, bays,
seas, rivers, lakes, creeks, islands, shores, lands, territories and
places whatsoever, within Hudson’s Streights and Hudson’s Bay.
This Company carry on a considerable trade to the above places by a
joint stock, and have settled several small factories, to which the
natives repair with their rich furs, skins, and other commodities of
the country, which they exchange for those of England.
This corporation is under the direction of a Governor, Deputy
Governor, and seven Assistants, who have a hall which stands backward
in the south side of Fenchurch street. This is a very fine brick
building, adorned with pilasters, architraves, &c. _Maitland._
HUDSON’S _court_, 1. Tower hill.† 2. Vine street, Little Chandos
street.†
HUET’S _court_, in the Strand.†
HUET’S _rents_, Grub street, Fore street.†
HUGGEN _alley_, 1. Wood street, Cheapside. 2. Huggen lane.
HUGGEN _lane_, Thames street.
HUGH’S _court_, Water lane, Black Friars.†
HULBERT’S _Almshouse_, a very handsome building contiguous to St.
Peter’s hospital at Newington Butts. See FISHMONGERS _Almshouse_.
HUMFREY’S _alley_, Shoreditch.†
HUNGERFORD _market_, near the west end of the Strand, and at a small
distance from the Thames. In this place was anciently a large house,
with a garden, the seat of Sir Edward Hungerford, which he converted
into buildings. There is here a good market house, and over it a
French church: but the market house turns to little account,
notwithstanding its convenient situation for the gardeners to land
their greens, &c. at the stairs.
HUNGERFORD _stairs_, Hungerford market.†
HUNGERFORD STAIRS _passage_, Hungerford market.†
HUNGERFORD _street_, in the Strand, leading to the market.†
_Common_ HUNT. See COMMON.
HUNT’S _court_, 1. Castle street, Leicester fields.† 2. Hunt’s street.†
3. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.†
HUNT’S _rents_, Goswell street.†
HUNT’S _street_, Spicer’s street.†
HUNT’S _wharf_, near Thames street.†
HURST’S _gardens_, St. George’s fields.†
HUSBAND’S _street_, 1. Near Berwick street.† 2. By Knave’s acre.†
HUSSEY’S _alley_. Wood street.†
HUTCHINSON’S _wharf_, Milford lane.†
HYDON _square_, near the east end of the Minories.†
HYDON _square court_, Hydon square.†
HYDON _yard_, leading from the Minories to Hydon square.†
[Illustration]
I J.
JACK ADAMS’S _alley_, Saffron hill.
JACK _alley_, Bow lane.
JACKANAPES _row_, Cheapside.
JACKSON’S _alley_, Bow street, Covent garden.†
JACKSON’S _Almshouse_, in College yard, Deadman’s Place, Southwark, was
founded in the year 1685, by Mr. Henry Jackson, for two poor women,
who have each an allowance of 1_s._ 8_d._ per week.
JACKSON’S _court_, 1. Black Friars.† 2. Gravel lane.† 3. White street.†
JACKSON’S _yard_, Gravel lane.†
JACK STRAW’S CASTLE _yard_, Saltpetre Bank.
JACOB’S _alley_, 1. Barnaby street.† 2. Goswell street.† 3. Turnmill
street.†
JACOB’S _court_, 1. Cow Cross.† 2. Peter street, Turnmill street.†
JACOB’S _street_, Mill street, Rotherhith.†
JACOB’S WELL _alley_, 1. Nightingale lane.* 2. Thames street.*
JACOB’S WELL _yard_, Nightingale lane.*
JAMAICA _street_, Rotherhith.
_St._ JAMES’S _Clerkenwell_, situated on the north side of Clerkenwell
Green, is a part of the church of the ancient priory; and is thus
denominated from its dedication to St. James the Minor, Bishop of
Jerusalem. This priory was founded so early as the year 1100, and the
church belonging to it not only served the nuns but the neighbouring
inhabitants. The priory was dissolved by King Henry VIII. in the year
1539, and the church was immediately made parochial. See CLERKENWELL.
The steeple of this edifice being greatly decayed by age, a part of it
fell down in the year 1623, upon which the parish contracted with a
person to rebuild it; but the builder being desirous of getting as
much as possible by the job, raised the new work upon the old
foundation, and carried it on with the utmost expedition; but before
it was entirely finished, it fell down, and destroyed part of the
church, which were both soon after rebuilt, as they are at present.
This church is a very heavy structure, partly Gothic, which was the
original form, and partly Tuscan. The body, though it has not the
least appearance of elegance, is well enlightened, and the steeple
consists of a low heavy tower crowned with a turret.
The church is a curacy in the gift of the parishioners.
_St._ JAMES’S _Duke’s Place_, near Aldgate, is a very old church, it
having escaped the great conflagration in 1666, that was destructive,
to so many others, and still remains in its original form. The body is
well enlightened, and the tower, which is composed of four stages, is
terminated by a very singular kind of turret in the form of a canopy.
This church is a curacy, the patronage of which being in the Lord
Mayor and Commonalty of London, the parish claims a right of exemption
from the Bishop of London’s jurisdiction, in matters ecclesiastical.
The Incumbent receives about 60_l._ a year by tithes, and 13_l._ a
year from the Chamber of London. _Maitland._
_St._ JAMES’S _Garlickhith_, is situated at the east end of Garlic Hill,
and is thus denominated from its dedication to St. James one of the
apostles, and its vicinity to a garlic market anciently held in this
neighbourhood. This church being destroyed by the fire of London, the
foundation of the present edifice was laid in the year 1676, and the
church was finished in 1682. _Stow._
This church, which, as well as both the former, is built of stone, is
well enlightened, and is seventy-five feet in length, and forty-five
in breadth; the roof is forty feet high, and the steeple ninety-eight
feet. The tower is divided into three stages; in the lowest is a very
elegant door, with coupled columns of the Corinthian order: in the
second stage is a pretty large window, and over it the form of a
circular one not opened: over this, in the third story, is another
window larger than any of the former, and the cornice above this
supports a range of open work in the place of battlements, or a
balustrade. From hence rises the turret, which is composed of four
stages, and decorated with columns, scrolls, and other ornaments. The
parts are all regular, and even elegant, but the whole is too massy.
_English Architecture._
This church is a rectory, the patronage of which is in the Bishop of
London. The Rector receives 100_l._ _per annum_, in lieu of tithes.
_St._ JAMES’S _Westminster_, by St. James’s square, is one of the
churches that owes its rise to the increase of buildings and
inhabitants; for the church of St. Martin’s in the Fields being too
small for the inhabitants, and too remote from those in this quarter,
the Earl of St. Alban’s, with other persons of distinction in that
neighbourhood, erected this edifice at the expence of about 7000_l._
It was built in the reign of King Charles II. and tho’ a large fabric,
was considered as a chapel of ease to St. Martin’s; but being
consecrated in 1684, it was dedicated to St. James, in compliment to
the name of the Duke of York, and the next year, when that Prince had
ascended the throne, the district for which it was built, was by act
of parliament separated from St. Martin’s, and made a distinct parish.
The walls are brick, supported by rustic quoins of stone; and the
windows, which are large, are also cased with stone. The tower at the
east end, rises regularly from the ground to a considerable height,
and is crowned with a neat, well constructed spire.
This church is a rectory, in the patronage of the Bishop of London.
_Maitland._ _Stow._ _English Architecture._
JAMES _court_, 1. Berry street, Piccadilly. 2. James street,
Featherstone street. 3. James street, Theobald’s row.
_St._ JAMES’S _Market_, by Market street, is a place of considerable
extent, with a commodious market house in the middle, filled with
butchers shops, &c. The stalls in the market place are for country
butchers, higlers, &c.
[Illustration:
_S^t. James’s Palace, view’d from Pall Mall._
_S. Wale delin._ _J. Green sc. Oxon._
]
[Illustration:
_The Same from the Park._
_S. Wale delin._ _J. Green sc. Oxon._
]
_St._ JAMES’S _Palace_. On the place where this edifice stands, was
once an hospital dedicated to St. James, originally founded by the
citizens of London for only fourteen maids afflicted with the leprosy,
who were to live a chaste and devout life; but afterwards new
donations increased the extent of the charity, and eight brethren were
added, to minister divine service. This hospital, which is mentioned
in a manuscript of the Cotton library, so early as in the year 1100,
was at length suppressed by King Henry VIII. who allowed the sisters
pensions during the term of their lives, and taking down the edifice
built a palace in its room, which retained the name of the hospital,
and is still standing. In this edifice our Kings have resided ever
since Whitehall was consumed by fire in 1697, and his Majesty usually
resides here during the winter season: but though it is pleasantly
situated on the north side of the Park, and has very convenient, and
not inelegant apartments, it is an irregular brick building, without
having one single beauty on the outside to recommend it, and is at
once the contempt of foreign nations, and the disgrace of our own. In
the front next St. James’s street, there appears little more than an
old gatehouse; and on passing through the gate we enter a little
square court, with a piazza on the west side of it leading to the
grand stair case; the buildings are low, plain, and mean; and there
are two other courts beyond, which have not much of the air of a
palace. The windows however look into a pleasant garden, and command a
view of St. James’s Park, which seem to be the only advantage this
edifice enjoys, above many others devoted to charity. This palace
claims a print, as it is the dwelling of a British Monarch, having
otherwise not the least beauty to recommend it. The print shews both
sides of it.
In other kingdoms the attention of foreigners is first struck with the
magnificent residence of the Sovereign, on which all the decorations
of architecture are lavished without the least regard to expence. The
outside is grand and noble; and the galleries and apartments are
adorned with all the boasted pieces of art, the finest efforts of
genius, and the most rare and precious productions of nature: for the
magnificence of the palace is intended to give an idea of the power
and riches of the kingdom: but if the power, wealth and strength of
the King of England should be judged from this palace, how great would
be the mistake! We are however in no want of a design for an edifice
suitable to the dignity of the British Crown; the celebrated Inigo
Jones drew a draught of such a structure; but the ideas of that
architect were greater than the spirit of the public, and the expence
of building it has hitherto prevented its being begun: but as a taste
for elegance in building gains ground, and new schemes are continually
laid for building magnificent bridges, streets and squares, it is to
be hoped that the erecting of so necessary a structure will not be
much longer neglected: especially if it be considered, that however
great the expence may be, it will cost the nation nothing, for on
these occasions, what is given by the people is paid to the people.
_St._ JAMES’S PARK, was in the reign of Henry VIII. a wild wet field;
but that Prince, on his building St. James’s palace, inclosed it, laid
it out in walks, and collecting the waters together, gave to the new
inclosed ground, and new raised building, the name of St. James. It
was afterwards much enlarged and improved by King Charles II. who
added to it several fields, planted it with rows of lime trees, laid
out the Mall, which is a vista half a mile in length, and formed the
canal, which is an hundred feet broad, and two thousand eight hundred
feet long, with a decoy, and other ponds for water fowl. Succeeding
Kings allowed the people the privilege of walking in it, and King
William III. in 1699 granted the neighbouring inhabitants a passage
into it out of Spring Garden.
It is certain that the Park enjoys a fine situation, and is laid out
with a very agreeable air of negligence. It affords many pleasant
walks, diversified by new scenes, varied by different rural prospects,
and the view of distant structures on the west side.
_St._ JAMES’S _Place_, St. James’s street.
JAMES’S _rents_, Hermitage dock.†
JAMES’S _rope-walk_, 1. Red Maid lane.† 2. North of Bedford row.
_St._ JAMES’S _square_, is very large and beautiful; the area on the
inside is encompassed with iron rails which form an octagon, and in
the center is a fine circular bason of water. On the north side of the
square is St. James’s church, in a very fine situation with respect to
the prospect, and had it been an elegant structure, would have had a
very noble effect. An ingenious author observes, that though this
square appears extremely grand, yet this grandeur does not arise from
the magnificence of the houses; but only from their regularity, the
neatness of the pavement, and the beauty of the bason in the middle:
and that if the houses were built more in taste, and the four sides
exactly correspondent to each other, the effect would be much more
surprising, and the pleasure arising from it more just.
_St._ JAMES’S _street_, Pall Mall.
JAMES _street_, 1. Brook’s street, New Bond street.† 2. Bunhill fields.†
3. Covent garden.† 4. Golden square.† 5. Hare street.† 6. Hay market.†
7. Hoxton.† 8. Long Acre.† 9, Near Theobald’s row.† 10. Petty France,
Westminster.†
JANE _alley_, Blackman street.
JANE SHORE’S _alley_, Shoreditch. See SHOREDITCH.
JANE SHORE’S _yard_, Shoreditch.
JASPER _street_, Aldermanbury.†
IDLESTRY, a village in Hertfordshire, situated on the very edge of
Middlesex, near Brockley hill, by Stanmore, which affords a delightful
prospect across Middlesex over the Thames into Surry.
IDOL or IDLE _lane_, Tower street.
JEFFERIES’S _Almshouse_, a large and handsome building, situated in
Kingsland road. It consists of a spacious front, with two wings, and a
chapel in the center, which has a plain frontispiece, and is crowned
with a well-proportioned turret. It was erected in the year 1713, by
the Ironmongers company, pursuant to the will of Mr. Robert Jefferies,
some time Lord Mayor of this city, for the reception of as many of his
relations as should apply for this charity; and in case there were
none of these, for fifty-six poor members of the company, who, besides
a convenient room and part of a cellar, have each 6_l._ a year and a
gown. _Maitland._
JEFFREY’S _buildings_, Westminster.†
JEFFREY’S _square_, St. Mary Ax.†
JENKIN’S _buildings_, Carey street.†
JENKIN’S _court_, Ropemakers fields.†
JERICHO _yard_, Jerusalem alley.
JERMAIN _court_, Jermain street.†
JERMAIN _street_, Near Piccadilly. This street and court were thus named
from the Lord Jermine, nephew to the Earl of St. Alban’s.
JERUSALEM _alley_, Gracechurch street.
JERUSALEM _court_, 1. St. John’s street, West Smithfield. See _St._
JOHN’S SQUARE. 2. Shad Thames, Horselydown.
JERUSALEM _passage_, Ailesbury street, St. John’s street.
JERUSALEM _row_, Church street, Hackney.
JESUITS _ground_, Savoy.
JEWEL OFFICE, in the Tower, a dark strong stone room, about twenty yards
to the eastward of the grand storehouse or new armoury, in which the
Crown jewels are deposited. It is not certain whether they were always
kept here, though they have been deposited in the Tower from very
ancient times, and we have sufficient proof of their being in that
fortress so early as the reign of King Henry III.
The jewels at this time shewn to all who chuse to give a shilling for
seeing them, or eighteen pence for a company, are:
I. The imperial crown, with which it is pretended that all the Kings
of England have been crowned since Edward the Confessor, in 1042. It
is of gold, enriched with diamonds, rubies, emeralds, saphires and
pearls: the cap within is of purple velvet, lined with white taffety,
turned up with three rows of ermine. They are however mistaken in
shewing this as the ancient imperial diadem of St. Edward; for that,
with the other most ancient regalia of this kingdom, was kept in the
arched room in the cloisters in Westminster Abbey, till the grand
rebellion; when in 1642, Harry Martin, by order of the parliament,
broke open the iron chest in which it was secured, took it thence, and
sold it, together with the robes, sword, and scepter of St. Edward.
However after the restoration, King Charles II. had one made in
imitation of it, which is that now shewn.
II. The golden orb or globe put into the King’s right hand before he
is crowned; and borne in his left with the scepter in his right, upon
his return into Westminster Hall, after he is crowned. It is about six
inches in diameter, edged with pearl, and enriched with precious
stones. On the top is an amethyst, of a violet colour, near an inch
and a half in height, set with a rich cross of gold, adorned with
diamonds, pearls, and precious stones. The whole height of the ball
and cup is eleven inches.
III. The golden scepter, with its cross set upon a large amethyst of
great value, garnished round with table diamonds. The handle of the
scepter is plain; but the pummel is set round with rubies, emeralds,
and small diamonds. The top rises into a _fleur de lis_ of six leaves,
all enriched with precious stones, from whence issues a mound or ball
made of the amethyst already mentioned. The cross is quite covered
with precious stones.
IV. The scepter with the dove, the emblem of peace, perched on the top
of a small Jerusalem cross, finely ornamented with table diamonds and
jewels of great value. This emblem was first used by Edward the
Confessor, as appears by his seal; but the ancient scepter and dove
was sold with the rest of the regalia, and this now in the Tower was
made after the restoration.
V. St. Edward’s staff, four feet seven inches and a half in length,
and three inches three quarters in circumference, all of beaten gold,
which is carried before the King at his coronation.
VI. The rich crown of state worn by his Majesty in parliament; in
which is a large emerald seven inches round; a pearl esteemed the
finest in the world, and a ruby of inestimable value.
VII. The crown belonging to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales.
These two last crowns, when his Majesty goes in state to the
parliament house, are carried by the keeper of the Jewel Office,
attended by the warders, privately in a hackney coach to Whitehall,
where they are delivered to the officers appointed to receive them,
who with some yeomen of the guard carry them to the robing rooms
adjoining to the house of Lords, where his Majesty and the Prince of
Wales put on their robes. The King wears this crown on his head while
he sits upon the throne; but that of the Prince of Wales is placed
before him, to shew that he is not yet come to it. As soon as the King
is disrobed, the two crowns are carried back to the Tower by the
persons who brought them from thence, and again locked up in the jewel
office.
VIII. The late Queen Mary’s crown, globe and scepter, with the diadem
she wore at her coronation with her consort King William III.
IX. An ivory scepter with a dove on the top, made for the late King
James the second’s Queen, whose garniture is gold, and the dove on the
top gold, enamelled with white.
X. The _curtana_, or sword of mercy, which has a blade thirty two
inches long, and near two broad, is without a point, and is borne
naked before the King at his coronation, between the two swords of
justice, spiritual and temporal.
XI. The golden spurs, and the armillas, which are bracelets for the
wrists. These, tho’ very antique, are worn at the coronation.
XII. The _ampulla_ or eagle of gold, finely engraved, which holds the
holy oil the Kings and Queens of England are anointed with; and the
golden spoon that the Bishop pours the oil into. These are two pieces
of great antiquity. The golden eagle, including the pedestal, is about
nine inches high, and the wings expand about seven inches. The whole
weighs about ten ounces. The head of the eagle screws off about the
middle of the neck, which is made hollow, for holding the holy oil;
and when the King is anointed by the Bishop, the oil is poured into
the spoon out of the bird’s bill.
The following legend is told of this eagle. Thomas Becket being in
disgrace at Sens in France, the holy Virgin appeared to him, and gave
him a stone vessel of oil inclosed in a golden eagle, and bid him give
it to William a monk, to carry to Pictavia, and there hide it under a
great stone, in St. Gregory’s church, where it should be found for the
use of pious and prosperous Kings: accordingly Henry III. when Duke of
Lancaster, received it from a holy man in France; and Richard II.
finding it among other jewels, endeavoured to be anointed with it; but
was supplanted by Archibald Arundel, who afterwards anointed Henry IV.
Such is the fabulous history of the _ampulla_.
XIII. A rich salt-seller of state, in form like the square white
tower, and so exquisitely wrought that the workmanship of modern times
is in no degree equal to it. It is of gold, and used only on the
King’s table at the coronation.
XIV. A noble silver font, double gilt, and elegantly wrought, in which
the royal family are christened.
XV. A large silver fountain, presented to King Charles II. by the town
of Plymouth, very curiously wrought; but much inferior in beauty to
the above.
Besides these, which are commonly shewn, there are in the jewel office
all the crown jewels worn by the Prince and Princesses at coronations,
and a vast variety of curious old plate.
This office is governed by a Master, who has 450_l._ a year patent
fees; two yeomen, who have 106_l._ 15_s._ _per annum_ each; a groom,
who has 105_l._ 8_s._ 4_d._ a year, and a clerk.
JEWIN _street_, Aldersgate street.†
JEWS HARP _court_, Angel alley, Bishopsgate street.*
JEWS _row_, Chelsea.
JEYE’S _yard_, Three Colts street, Limehouse.†
INDEPENDENTS, a set of dissenters from the church of England, received
their name from each congregation being entirely independent with
respect to church government. They are Calvinists, and like the
Baptists receive the sacrament in the afternoon; none are admitted to
communion till after having given in a paper containing an account of
their conversion, religious experiences, &c. Their places of worship
within the bills of mortality, are, 1. Berry street, St. Mary Ax. 2.
Boar’s Head yard, Petticoat lane. 3. Brick Hill lane, Thames street.
4. Broad street, near Old Gravel lane. 5. Coachmakers hall, Noble
street. _Antinomian._ 6. Collier’s rents, White street. 7. Court yard,
Barnaby street, Southwark. 8. Crispin street, Spitalfields. 9.
Deadman’s Place, Southwark. 10. Hare court, Aldersgate street. 11.
Jewin street, Aldersgate street. 12. Lower street, Islington, two
meeting houses. 13. Mare street, Hackney. 14. New Broad street,
Moorfields. 15. New court, Carey street. 16. Old Artillery Ground,
Spitalfields. 17. Orchard, Wapping. 18. Paved alley, Lime street. 19.
Pavement row, Moorfields. 20. Pinner’s hall, Broad street, in the
morning, the only Independent congregation that is not Calvinist. 21.
Queen street, Ratcliff. 22. Queen street, Rotherhith. 23. Redcross
street, Barbican. 24. Ropemakers alley, Little Moorfields. 25. St.
Michael’s lane, Canon street. 26. St. Saviour’s Dockhead, Southwark.
27. Staining lane, Maiden lane. 28. Stepney fields. 29. Turner’s hall,
Philpot lane. 30. White Horn yard, Duke’s Place. 31. Zoar street,
Southwark.
INGATSTONE or ENGERSTONE, a town in Essex, twenty-three miles from
London, from which it is a great thoroughfare to Harwich, has many
good inns, and a considerable market on Wednesdays, for live cattle
brought from Suffolk.
Here is the seat of the ancient family of the Petres; to whose
ancestor Sir William, this manor was granted by Henry VIII. at the
dissolution of Barking Abbey, to which it till then belonged. That
gentleman founded eight fellowships at Oxford, called the Petrean
fellowships, and erected and endowed an almshouse here for twenty poor
people. He lies interred under a stately monument in the church, as do
several others of that family.
INGRAM’S _court_, an open well-built place in Fenchurch street, thus
named from Sir Thomas Ingram, who built this small square on the
ground where his own house before stood.
INNER SCOTLAND _yard_, Whitehall.
INNER TEMPLE. See the article TEMPLE.
INNER TEMPLE _lane_, Fleet street.
INNHOLDERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by Henry
VIII. in the year 1515. They are governed by a Master, three Wardens,
and twenty Assistants, and have a livery of an hundred and thirty-nine
members, whose fine upon admission is 10_l._
They have a handsome and convenient hall in Elbow lane.
INNS OF CHANCERY. The colleges of the professors and students of the
municipal and common law, are stiled Inns, an old English word,
formerly used for the houses of noblemen, bishops, and persons of
distinguished rank, and the eight Inns of chancery were probably thus
denominated from there dwelling in them such clerks, as chiefly
studied the forming of writs, which regularly belonged to the
cursitors, who are officers in chancery. These are Lincoln’s Inn, New
Inn, Clement’s Inn, Clifford’s Inn, Staple’s Inn, Lion’s Inn,
Furnival’s Inn, and Barnard’s Inn. These were formerly considered as
preparatory colleges for younger students, many of whom were entered
here, before they were admitted into the Inns of court; but now they
are for the most part taken up by attorneys, sollicitors and clerks,
who have separate chambers, and their diet at a very easy rate in an
hall together, where they are obliged to appear in grave long robes,
and black round knit caps. See the articles CLEMENT’S INN, CLIFFORD’S
INN, LINCOLN’S INN, LION’S INN, &c.
INNS OF COURT, were so named, either from the students, who live in
them, serving the courts of judicature; or, according to Fortescue,
from these colleges anciently receiving none but the sons of noblemen,
and gentlemen of high rank.
The Inns of court, are only four, viz. the two Temples, Lincoln’s Inn,
and Gray’s Inn. See the articles TEMPLE, LINCOLN’S INN, and GRAY’S
INN.
Though these societies are no corporation, and have no judicial power
over their members, they have certain orders among themselves, which
have by consent the force of laws: for small offences, they are only
excommoned, or not allowed to eat at the common table with the rest;
and for greater offences they lose their chambers, and are expelled
the college, after which they are not to be received by any of the
other three Inns of court.
As these societies are not incorporated, they have no lands or
revenues, nor any thing for defraying the charges of the house but
what is paid at admittance, and other dues for their chambers. The
whole company of gentlemen may be divided into four parts, benchers,
utter-barristers, inner-barristers and students.
The benchers are the seniors, who have the government of the whole
house, and out of these are annually chosen a treasurer, who receives,
disburses and accounts for all the money belonging to the house. See
SERJEANTS INN.
There are at present no mootings, or readings in any of the courts of
Chancery. _Chamberlain’s Present State._
It ought not to be omitted, that gentlemen may take chambers in the
Inns of Court or Chancery, without laying themselves under an
obligation to study the law.
A description of the structures and gardens belonging to these Inns we
have given under their respective heads: but it may not be improper
here to add, that strangers are apt to be disgusted at the nastiness
of the walls, and the dirt and filth observable on all the stairs and
public passages leading to the Inns of Court and Chancery: where every
thing seems neglected, and generally out of repair: but on stepping
into the chambers, one is surprised to see so remarkable a contrast;
to observe the utmost neatness reign there, and the most handsome and
commodious rooms, furnished and adorned with great elegance.
Dr. Blackstone in his discourse on the study of the law, gives us the
following curious account of the changes and revolutions in this
study, and of the origin of the several _Inns of Court and Chancery_.
That ancient collection of unwritten maxims and customs, says he,
which is called the common law, however compounded or from whatever
fountains derived, had subsisted immemorially in this kingdom: and,
though somewhat altered and impaired by the violence of the times, had
in a great measure weathered the rude shock of the Norman conquest.
This had endeared it to the people in general, as well because its
decisions were universally known, as because it was found to be
excellently adapted to the genius of the English nation. In the
knowledge of this law consisted great part of the learning of those
dark ages; it was then taught, says Mr. Selden, in the monasteries, in
the universities, and in the families of the principal nobility. The
clergy in particular, as they then engrossed almost every other branch
of learning, so (like their predecessors the British Druids) they were
peculiarly remarkable for their proficiency in the study of the law.
‘But the common law being not committed to writing, but only
handed down by tradition, use, and experience, was not so
heartily relished by the foreign clergy who came over hither
in shoals during the reign of the Conqueror and his two sons,
and were utter strangers to our constitution as well as our
language. And an accident, which soon after happened, had
nearly completed its ruin.’
A copy of Justinian’s Pandects, being newly discovered at Amalfi,
about A.D. 1130, soon brought the civil law into vogue all over the
rest of Europe. It became in a particular manner the favourite of the
Popish clergy; and Theobald, a Norman Abbot, being elected to the see
of Canterbury, A.D. 1138, and extremely addicted to this new study,
brought over with him in his retinue many learned proficients therein;
and among the rest Roger surnamed Vacarius, whom he placed in the
university of Oxford to teach it. The monkish clergy (devoted to the
will of a foreign Primate) received it with eagerness and zeal; but
the laity, who were more interested to preserve the old constitution,
and had already severely felt the effect of many Norman innovations,
continued wedded to the use of the common law.
The clergy, finding it impossible to root out the municipal law,
withdrew by degrees from the temporal courts; and in 1217, they passed
a canon in a national synod, forbidding all ecclesiastics to appear as
advocates _in foro sæculari_[1]; nor did they long continue to act as
judges there, not caring to take the oath of office which was then
found necessary to be administered, that they should in all things
determine according to the law and custom of this realm; though they
still kept possession of the high office of Chancellor, an office then
of little juridical power; and afterwards as its business increased by
degrees, they modelled the process of the court at their own
discretion.
Footnote 1:
Sir H. Spelman conjectures (Glossar 335.) that coifs were introduced
to hide the tonsure of such renegade clerks, as were still tempted
to remain in the secular courts in the quality of advocates or
judges, notwithstanding their prohibition by canon.
But wherever they retired, and wherever their authority extended, they
carried with them the same zeal to introduce the rules of the civil,
in exclusion of the municipal law. This appears in a particular manner
from the spiritual courts of all denominations, from the Chancellor’s
courts in both our universities, and from the high court of Chancery;
in all of which the proceedings are to this day in a course much
conformed to the civil law. And if it be considered, that our
universities began about that period to receive their present form of
scholastic discipline; that they were then, and continued to be till
the time of the reformation, entirely under the influence of the
Popish clergy; this will lead us to perceive the reason, why the study
of the Roman laws was in those days of bigotry[2] pursued with such
alacrity in these seats of learning.
Since the reformation, the principal reason that has hindered the
introduction of this branch of learning, is, that the study of the
common law, being banished from hence in the times of Popery, has
fallen into a quite different channel, and has hitherto been wholly
cultivated in another place.
As the common law was no longer taught, as formerly, in any part of
the kingdom, it perhaps would have been gradually lost and over-run by
the civil, had it not been for the peculiar incident which happened at
a very critical time, of fixing the court of Common Pleas, the grand
tribunal for disputes of property, to be held in one certain spot;
that the seat of ordinary justice might be permanent and notorious to
all the nation. Formerly that, in conjunction with all the other
superior courts, was held before the King’s justiciary of England, in
the _aula regis_, or such of his palaces wherein his royal person
resided, and removed with his houshold from one end of the kingdom to
the other. This was found to occasion great inconvenience to the
suitors; to remedy which it was made an article of the great charter
of liberties, both that of King John and King Henry the Third, that,
“Common Pleas should no longer follow the King’s court, but be held in
some certain place:” in consequence of which they have ever since been
held (a few necessary removals in times of the plague excepted) in the
palace of Westminster only. This brought together the professors of
the municipal law, who before were dispersed about the kingdom, and
formed them into an aggregate body; whereby a society was established
of persons, who (as Spelman observes) addicted themselves wholly to
the study of the laws of the land.
Footnote 2:
There cannot be a stronger instance of the absurd and superstitious
veneration that was paid to these laws, than that the most learned
writers of the times thought they could not form a perfect
character, even of the blessed Virgin, without making her a Civilian
and a Canonist. Which Albertus Magnus, the renowned Dominican Doctor
of the thirteenth century, thus proves in his _Summa de laudibus
Christiferæ Virginis (divinum magis quam humanum opus) qu. 23. §.
5_. “_Item quod jura civilia, & leges, & decreta scivit in summo,
probatur hoc modo: sapientia advocati manifestatur in tribus; unum,
quod obtineat omnia contra judicem justum & sapientem; secundo, quod
contra adversarium astutum & sagacem; tertio, quod in causa
desperata: sed beatissima Virgo, contra judicem sapientissimum,
Dominum; contra adversarium callidissimum, dyabolum; in causa nostra
desperata; sententiam optatam obtinuit._“
They naturally fell into a kind of collegiate order; and, being
excluded from Oxford and Cambridge, established a new university of
their own, by purchasing certain houses (now called the Inns of Court
and Chancery) between the city of Westminster, the place of holding
the King’s courts, and the city of London; for advantage of ready
access to the one, and plenty of provisions in the other.
In this juridical university (for such it is insisted to have been by
Fortescue and Sir Edward Coke) there are two sorts of collegiate
houses; one called Inns of Chancery, in which the younger students of
the law used to be placed, “learning and studying, says Fortescue, the
originals, and as it were, the elements of the law; who, profiting
therein, as they grow to ripeness so are they admitted into the
greater Inns of the same study, called the Inns of Court.” And in
these Inns of both kinds, he goes on to tell us, the knights and
barons, with other grandees and noblemen of the realm, did use to
place their children, though they did not desire to have them
thoroughly learned in the law, or to get their living by its practice;
and that in his time there were about two thousand students at these
several Inns, all of whom he informs us were _filii nobilium_, or
gentlemen born.
But in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, Sir Edward Coke does not reckon
above a thousand students, and the number at present is very
considerably less: ‘Which seems principally owing to these reasons;
first, because the Inns of Chancery being now almost totally filled by
the inferior branch of the profession, they are neither commodious nor
proper for the resort of gentlemen of any rank or figure; so that
there are now very rarely any young students entered at the Inns of
Chancery: secondly, because in the Inns of Court all sorts of regimen
and academical superintendance, either with regard to morals or
studies, are found impracticable, and therefore entirely neglected:
lastly, because persons of birth and fortune, after having finished
their usual courses at the universities, have seldom leisure or
resolution sufficient to enter upon a new scheme of study at a new
place of instruction. Wherefore few gentlemen now resort to the Inns
of Court, but such for whom the knowledge of practice is absolutely
necessary: such, I mean, as are intended for the profession.’
INOCULATION HOSPITAL for the smallpox, in the Lower street, Islington,
beyond the church; in an old building situated backwards, out of the
view of the street. This hospital is under the direction of the
Small-pox hospital, in Cold Bath fields. See the article SMALL-POX
HOSPITAL.
_Clerk of the_ INROLLMENTS OF FINES AND RECOVERIES, an officer under the
three puisne judges of the court of Common Pleas. The inrollments here
filed are by statute valid in law, and are of great use in preventing
law-suits. This office is kept in the Inner Temple.
JOAN HARDING’S, near Oakey street, Thames street.
JOCKEY FIELD _row_, Near Gray’s Inn.
JOHN DEVER’S _yard_, Seething lane.†
JOHN’S _alley_, Budge row.
_St._ JOHN’S _alley_, St. Martin’s le Grand.
_St._ JOHN _the Baptist_, a church which stood on the west side of
Dowgate; but being destroyed by the fire of London in 1666, and not
since rebuilt, the parish is annexed to the church of St. Antholin.
_St._ JOHN _the Evangelist_, a church that was seated in Watling street,
at the north east corner of Friday street; but being consumed by the
fire of London, and not rebuilt, the parish is united to that of
Allhallows Bread street.
_St._ JOHN _the Evangelist_, Southwark, like several other churches in
the suburbs, owed its rise to the great increase of buildings and
inhabitants, and is one of the fifty new churches ordered to be built
by act of parliament. It was finished in 1732, and the district of
Horselydown, being separated from St. Olave’s, was by act of
parliament constituted its parish. The sum of 3500_l._ was also
granted by parliament to be laid out in lands, tenements, &c. in fee
simple, and as a farther provision, the church wardens are to pay him
the additional sum of 60_l._ to be raised by fees arising from
burials. _Maitland._
The body of this church is enlightened by two ranges of windows, with
a Venetian in the center; the tower which rises square has a
balustrade on the top, and from thence rises the spire, which is very
properly diminished and well wrought; but the architect having
absurdly resolved to give it some resemblance to a column, has not
only fluted it; but placed on the top an Ionic capital, which last
gives the whole edifice an aukward whimsical appearance.
This church, which is situated near the lower end of Fair street, is
in the gift of the Crown, as well as that of St. Olave’s, from whence
this parish was taken. _Stow._
_St._ JOHN’S _Wapping_, situated on the north side of the street near
the Thames, was built in the year 1617, when the increase of houses in
the parish of St. Mary Whitechapel, rendered such an edifice
necessary. It was dedicated to St. John the Baptist, and as there were
other churches under the patronage of the same saint, it was
distinguished, from its situation, by the name of Wapping. Originally
it was no more than a chapel of ease to St. Mary’s parish; but in
1694, the hamlet of Wapping was constituted a distinct parish; the
inhabitants were impowered to purchase 30_l._ _per annum_ in mortmain,
and as a farther provision for the Rector, he was allowed to receive
all ecclesiastical dues, except tithes, instead of which the Rector
has 130_l._ a year raised upon the inhabitants by an equal pound rate.
_Maitland._
This church, which was built at the expence of 1600_l._ is a very mean
building, it consisting of a plain body, a tower which scarcely
deserves the name, and a spire that might be taken for a lengthened
chimney. _English Architecture._
The advowson of this church is in the principal and scholars of King’s
hall and Brazen Nose college, Oxford.
_St._ JOHN’S _Westminster_. The parish of St. Margaret’s Westminster
being greatly increased in the number of houses and inhabitants, it
was judged necessary to erect one of the fifty new churches within it;
this church being finished, was dedicated to St. John the Evangelist;
a parish was taken out of St. Margaret’s, and the parliament granted
the sum of 2500_l._ to be laid out in the purchase of lands,
tenements, &c. for the maintenance of the Rector: but besides the
profits arising from this purchase, it was also enacted that as a
farther provision for the Rector, the sum of 125_l._ should be
annually raised by an equal pound rate upon the inhabitants.
_Maitland._
This church was finished in the year 1728. The chief aim of the
architect was to give an uncommon, yet elegant outline, and to shew
the orders in their greatest dignity and perfection; and indeed the
outline is so variously broken, that there results a diversity of
light and shadow, which is very uncommon, and very elegant. The
principal objections against the structure are, that it is so much
decorated that it appears encumbered with ornament; and that the
compass being too small for the design, it appears too heavy. In the
front is an elegant portico supported by Doric columns, which order is
continued in pilasters round the building. Above the portico are two
towers crowned with well-proportioned turrets, and adorned with
columns of the Corinthian order, which are supported on pedestals, and
stand free, with corresponding columns behind. _English Architect._
The advowson of this church is in the Dean and Chapter of Westminster:
and to prevent this rectory being held in commendam, all licences and
dispensations for holding it are by act of parliament declared null
and void.
_St._ JOHN ZACHARY’S, a church that was situated at the north west
corner of Maiden lane, Wood street; but being destroyed by the fire of
London in 1666, and not rebuilt, the parish is annexed to that of St.
Anne’s Aldersgate. _Maitland._
JOHN’S _court_, 1. Cable street. 2. Cats hole, Tower ditch. 3. East
Smithfield. 4. Hannoway street. 5. John’s street. 6. Nightingale lane.
_St._ JOHN’S _court_, 1. Addle hill. 2. Cow lane. 3. Great Hart street.
4. Little Hart street, by Covent garden. 5. St. John’s square. 6.
Somerset street, Whitechapel. 7. Stepney.
_St._ JOHN’S _gate_, St. John’s lane; the south gate of the hospital of
St. John of Jerusalem.
JOHN’S _hill_, Ratcliff highway.
_St._ JOHN’S _lane_, vulgarly called St. Joans’s lane, from Hicks’s hall
to St. John’s gate.
_St._ JOHN’S _passage_, St. John’s street, West Smithfield.
_St._ JOHN’S _square_, Clerkenwell. Where the present square is situated
anciently stood the house of St. John of Jerusalem, founded by Jordan
Briset, who for that purpose purchased of the nuns of Clerkenwell ten
acres of land, for which he gave twenty acres in his lordship of
Willinghale in Kent, and erected that hospital on this spot about the
year 1110: but the church belonging to it was not dedicated to St.
John the Baptist till 1185. By the profuse liberality of bigots and
enthusiasts, these Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem soon
attained to that degree of riches and honour, that they not only built
a magnificent structure in this spot, that became the chief seat in
England of those of their order, but their Prior was esteemed the
first Baron in the kingdom, and in state and grandeur vied with the
King. The populace however had an extreme antipathy to these imperious
Knights; and in 1381, the rebels under Jack Straw and Wat Tyler
consumed this stately edifice by fire. However it was rebuilt in a
still more magnificent manner, and thus continued till the year 1541,
when it was suppressed by Henry VIII.
This spacious and stately edifice was soon after converted into a
repository for martial stores, and of the royal hunting equipage; and
to this use it was applied till the year 1550; when Edward Seymour
Duke of Somerset, and protector of the kingdom, caused the church,
with its lofty and beautiful steeple, to be demolished, and the stones
employed in building his magnificent palace of Somerset House in the
Strand. _Camden’s Britannia._
This square, which is an oblong, chiefly consists of two rows of good
houses, at the east end of which is a chapel of ease to the
neighbouring church of St. James Clerkenwell. It is entered by two
gates, which bear evident marks of great antiquity; the largest and
most remarkable of which is that to the south, called St. John’s Gate.
_St._ JOHN’S _street_, 1. Brick lane, Spitalfields. 2. Long ditch. 3.
West Smithfield, near St. John’s square.
JOHN’S _street_, 1. David’s street. 2. Gainsford street. 3. Golden
square. 4. By Mount street, Westminster. 5. Ratcliff highway. 6.
Windmill street.
JOHNSON’S _court_, 1. Charing Cross.† 2. Fleet street.†
JOHNSON’S _street_, Old Gravel lane.†
JOHNSON’S _yard_, Three needle alley, Moorfields.
JOINERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by Queen
Elizabeth in the year 1565. They are governed by a Master, two
Wardens, and twenty-four Assistants, with a livery of 323 members, who
upon their admission pay a fine of 8_l._
They have a convenient hall in Friars lane, Thames street, remarkable
for a curious screen finely carved at the entrance into it. The great
parlour is wainscotted with cedar. _Maitland._
JOINERS _court_, 1. Houndsditch. 2. Jacob street, Mill street.
JOINERS HALL _alley_, Thames street.
JOINERS _street_, Tooley street.
JOLLY _court_, Durham yard, in the Strand.†
JONES’ _court_, Nightingale lane, East Smithfield.†
JONES’ _yard_, 1. Stony lane, Petticoat lane. 2. Little Swan alley.
INIGO JONES, the celebrated architect, several of whose best designs are
described in different parts of this work, has therefore a just claim
to our regard in this place. And we are obliged to the ingenious
authors of the _Biographia Britannica_ for the following particulars
relating to his life and works in general. He was born about the year
1572, in the neighbourhood of St. Paul’s in London, of which city his
father, Mr. Ignatius Jones, was a citizen and clothworker. Nothing
certain being delivered concerning his education, some very different
conjectures have been advanced upon that subject, some having
suggested that his education was liberal, and others that he was bound
apprentice to a joiner, of which latter opinion was Sir Christopher
Wren. But in whatever way he was bred, his natural inclination leading
him to the study of the arts of drawing and designing, he
distinguished himself early by the extraordinary progress he made in
those polite and useful arts, and was particularly taken notice of for
his skill in the practice of landscape painting. These admirable
talents introduced him to the knowledge of William Earl of Pembroke,
who was a great patron of all liberal sciences. His Lordship admiring
Mr. Jones’s genius, took him into his patronage, and sent him abroad
with a handsome allowance, in order to perfect himself, by viewing and
studying the works of the best masters ancient and modern, in Italy
and the politer parts of Europe. Thus supported, he spent many years
in compleating his education; to which end, chusing the city of Venice
for the chief place of his residence, he suffered nothing of real
value or merit any where to escape his industry; and the improvements
he made thereby gave such an eclat to his reputation all over Europe,
that Christian IV. King of Denmark sent for him thence, and appointed
him his Architect-general. He had enjoyed this post some years, when
that Prince, whose sister Anne had married King James I. made a visit
to England in 1606. Mr. Jones took this opportunity of returning home;
and expressing a desire to continue in his native country, the Queen
appointed him her architect; and being not long after taken in the
same character into the service of Prince Henry, he discharged his
trust with so much fidelity, that the King gave him the reversion of
the place of Surveyor-general of his works. After the death of Prince
Henry in 1612, our architect made a second tour to Italy, and
continued some years there, improving himself still further in his
favourite art, till the Surveyor’s place fell to him. He then returned
to England to enrich his country with the fruits of his studies. Soon
after his arrival, the office of works being found several thousand
pounds in debt, he voluntarily gave up his own dues, and prevailed
with the Comptroller and Paymaster to do the like, whereby the whole
arrears were absolutely cleared. In 1620, by the King’s command, he
took an accurate survey of the surprizing group of stones upon
Salisbury-Plain, commonly called Stone-henge, and drew up an account
with his opinion of that famous monument of antiquity, which he
presented to his royal master, and it was printed. In this account,
after much reasoning and a long series of authorities, he concludes at
last that this ancient and stupendous pile must have been originally a
Roman temple, inscribed to _Cœlus_ the senior of the heathen gods, and
built after the Tuscan order, and that it was erected when the Romans
flourished here in peace and prosperity in Britain, and probably
betwixt the time of Agricola’s government and the reign of Constantine
the Great, about 1650 years ago.
On the 16th of November the same year, Mr. Jones was appointed, among
others, a Commissioner for repairing the cathedral of St. Paul’s in
London. Upon the demise of King James, he was continued in his posts
by King Charles I. whose consort also entertained him in the like
station. And he soon after formed that most stately and elegant
pavilion, the Banquetting-house at Whitehall, which was at first
designed for the reception of foreign Ambassadors. The ceiling was
painted some years after with the Felicities of King James’s reign, by
Sir Peter Paul Rubens, and prints from these by Simon Gribelin were
published in 1724. The late Lord Burlington about the year 1740
published _a north west view of the palace designed for Whitehall, by
Inigo Jones_, which is what is called a bird’s eye prospect, or as it
is seen by a bird in flying over it, by which artifice all the parts
are brought distinctly into view; and in this view the pavilion or
banquetting-house appears in its proper place as part of that palace.
Several other designs of Mr. Jones’s were executed in this reign, such
as Surgeon’s hall, the Queen’s chapel at St. James’s palace, and her
Majesty’s new building fronting the gardens at Somerset House in the
Strand; the church and piazza of Covent Garden; the first of which is
universally allowed to be a master-piece of the Tuscan order, the
portico at the west end, majestic in its plainness, and the roof so
happily contrived, by extending itself beyond the wall, as both to
cast a shade, which adds to the solemnity of the sacred edifice, and
at the same time serves to strengthen the wall, by resting thereon its
center of gravity. In the last performance he had in view the piazza
of Leghorn, but has vastly surpassed the original in the beauty and
largeness of his pillars. Our architect also laid out the ground plot
of Lincoln’s Inn fields, and designed the Duke of Ancaster’s house,
which stands on the west side of that noble square, and which is no
inconsiderable instance of the _softness_ and _sweetness_ of his
touches. The royal chapel at Denmark House, the King’s house at
Newmarket, and the Queen’s buildings at Greenwich, were also of his
design. But it does not come within our plan to describe the number or
form a judgment upon the excellence of all his buildings, though views
and descriptions of the principal of them we have given, which may be
seen under their several names, to which we refer.
In 1633 Mr. Jones began the reparation of St. Paul’s cathedral, the
first stone was laid by Dr. Laud then Bishop of London, and the fourth
by Mr. Jones; and, in carrying them on, he added a magnificent portico
at the west end, which excited the envy of all Christendom on his
country, for a piece of architecture not to be parallelled in modern
times. While he was raising these noble monuments of his extraordinary
genius as an architect, he employed his leisure hours in designing
decorations for dramatic entertainments; and there appeared a fine
intermixture of fancy and judgment in his pompous machinery of masques
and interludes, which were the vogue in his time. Several of these
representations are still extant in the works of Chapman, D’Avenant,
Daniel, and particularly Ben Johnson. The subject was chosen by the
Poet, and the speeches and songs were also of his composing; but the
invention of the scenes, ornaments, and dresses of the figures, were
the contrivance of Mr. Jones. By these means he acquired a handsome
fortune. But his loyalty, the effect both of his integrity and
gratitude, exposed him to considerable losses; and he bore a part in
the ruins of his royal master. Upon the opening of the Long Parliament
in November 1640, he was called before the house of Lords, upon a
complaint of the parishioners of St. Gregory’s in London against him,
for damages done to that church; and afterwards, during the
usurpation, he was constrained to pay 400_l._ by way of composition
for his estate, as a malignant. After the death of King Charles I. he
was continued in his post by King Charles II. But grief, in one of his
years, for the fatal calamity of the former, prevented him from doing
the latter any actual service, by cutting him off many years before
the restoration. He died most probably about Midsummer 1652, and was
interred June 26, in the chancel of St. Benet’s church, near St.
Paul’s Wharf, London, where there was a monument erected to his memory
upon the north wall, at some distance from his grave; but it suffered
greatly in the fire of London, Sept. 1666. His age was about
seventy-nine years. Mr. Jones left several manuscripts, which have
been published since his death. With respect to his character, we are
told by Mr. Webb, that his abilities in all human sciences surpassed
most of his age. However that be, ’tis certain he was perfectly well
skilled in the mathematics, and had some insight into the two learned
languages, Greek and Latin, especially the latter, and he had a taste
for poetry. However, these accomplishments were no more than the
decorations and counterpart of his proper character, which was,
indeed, that of an architect, the most eminent in his time.
Accordingly he was then, and is still, generally stiled the _British
Vitruvius_; and it is observable that the art of design, little known
in England before, was brought into use and esteem by him, under the
patronage of King Charles I. and Thomas Earl of Arundel. In short, Mr.
Jones was generally learned, eminent for architecture, a great
geometrician, and, in designing with his pen (as Sir Anthony Vandyke
used to say) not to be equalled by whatever great master in his time,
for the _boldness_, _softness_, _sweetness_, and _sureness_ of his
touches.
IRELAND _yard_, Black Friars.
IRISH _court_, Whitechapel.
IRISH SOCIETY, meeting in the Irish chamber in Guildhall. In order to
convey a clear idea of this society, it is necessary to trace it from
its origin. It must therefore be observed, that in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth, the province of Ulster, in the north of Ireland, had been
greatly depopulated by the suppression of several insurrections in
that part of the kingdom; and in particular, the city of Derry and
town of Colerain were quite ruined.
To prevent such insurrections for the future, it was thought proper to
repeople that part of the country with protestant families; and soon
after the accession of King James I. to the throne of England, that
Prince, considering this as an affair worthy of his attention,
signified his pleasure to some of the Aldermen and Commoners, by means
of several of his Privy Council, upon which a court of Common Council
was called, and a deputation sent over to view the place of the
intended plantation. These deputies being returned, it was agreed in
December 1609, that 15,000_l._ should be expended on the plantation,
and 5000_l._ in the purchase of private interests.
Soon after articles of agreement were entered into between the Lords
of the Privy Council, and a committee chosen by the Lord Mayor and
Commonalty of the city, and it was agreed for the better managing of
the plantation, there should be a company constituted in London, to
consist of a Governor, Deputy Governor, and twenty-four Assistants, to
direct what ought to be done on the part of the city, relating to the
plantation; and in pursuance of this agreement, the King, by his
letters patent, changed the name of Derry to that of Londonderry, and
incorporated the committee nominated by the city, by the name of _The
society of the Governor and Assistants in London of the new plantation
in Ulster within the realm of Ireland_, directing that it should
consist of a Governor, Deputy Governor, and twenty-four Assistants;
whereof the Governor and five of the Assistants were to be Aldermen,
the Recorder for the time being to be an Assistant, and the Deputy
Governor, with the rest of the Assistants, to be Commoners. By this
charter, the King also granted to the society and their successors,
the city, fort and town of Londonderry, the whole island of Derry, and
all the castles, towns, villages and lands in the county of
Londonderry, particularly mentioned in the charter.
The society now immediately set about rebuilding Londonderry and
Colerain, and improving and planting the other parts of the county.
And, in order to reimburse the twelve principal companies, and other
inferior companies that had contributed to the expence of the
plantation, the society divided the whole county of Londonderry into
thirteen parts; the first consisting of the city of Londonderry and
town of Colerain, with some of the adjoining lands, and the fisheries,
was retained by the society in their own possession, to defray the
charge of the general work of the plantation, and the surplus was from
time to time divided among the twelve companies by the society.
The rest of the county being divided into twelve parts, as equal in
value as possible, the twelve companies drew lots for them, and each
company had the part which fell to its share. The society then erected
each lot into a manor, and obtained a charter of the Crown to convey
to each of the companies the lands fallen to it, to hold the same in
perpetuity.
King Charles I. however ordered his Attorney General to prosecute the
society in the Star-chamber, under the pretence that the charter had
been surreptitiously obtained; upon which it was cancelled by a decree
of that court, and the lands seized into the King’s hands: but the
society were reinstated in their possessions by Oliver Cromwell, who
granted the city a new charter; and Charles II. incorporated the
society anew, and the companies have enjoyed their possessions ever
since.
The Governor and Deputy Governor of the society are by this, as well
as the former charters, chosen annually. Twelve of the Assistants go
off every year, and twelve new members are chosen in their stead by
the Common Council, out of each of the twelve principal companies of
the city; who by the appointment of the Governor or Deputy Governor
meet as often as required in the Irish chamber at Guildhall, where
nine of them, the Governor or Deputy Governor being one, make a court.
They have a Secretary and a messenger of their own appointment to
attend them. They have also a Treasurer, who is chosen annually, and
gives security to account with the society for what money he receives.
All by-laws made by the corporation of Londonderry must be confirmed
by the society, before they can be of force. The society has the right
of presentation to the churches of Londonderry and Colerain: they
likewise appoint a general agent in Ireland to correspond with them,
and transact their affairs in that kingdom; and also a receiver to
receive their rents. _Maitland._ In short, the citizens of London have
the privilege of being free of the city of Londonderry.
IRON GATE, Tower wharf.
IRON GATE _stairs_, Iron Gate, Tower wharf.
IRONMONGER _lane_, Cheapside; so called from its being once chiefly
inhabited by those of that trade. _Stow._
IRONMONGER _row_, Old street; so called from the school belonging to
that company.
IRONMONGER ROW SCHOOL, was founded in the year 1727, by Mr. John Fuller,
for the education of twenty boys and upwards, for the support of which
he bequeathed the sum of 1600_l._ to be laid out in a purchase.
_Maitland._
IRONMONGERS, one of the twelve principal companies, was incorporated by
letters patent granted by King Edward IV. in the year 1464. This
corporation is governed by a Master, two Wardens, and the whole
livery, which consists of eighty-four, who are assistants, and whose
fine upon admission is 15_l._
This company has a very great estate, out of which is annually paid,
according to the direction of the several donors, about 1800_l._
Besides these charities, Mr. Thomas Betton, a Turkey merchant, left
this company, in trust, in the year 1724, about 26,000_l._ one moiety
of the profits thereof to be perpetually employed in the redemption of
British captives from Moorish slavery; and the other half to be
equally distributed between the poor of the company, and the several
charity schools within the bills of mortality. _Maitland._
IRONMONGERS _Almshouse_, in Kingsland road. See JEFFERIES’S _Almshouse_.
IRONMONGERS HALL, a very noble modern building in Fenchurch street. This
edifice is entirely fronted with stone, and was erected in the year
1748. The whole lower story is wrought in rustic; the center part of
the building projects a little, and in this are a large arched
entrance, and two windows, with two others on each side. Over this
rustic story rises the superstructure, which has a light rustic at the
corners, to keep up a correspondence with the rest of the building;
the part which projects is here ornamented with four Ionic pilasters
coupled, but with a large inter-columniation. In the middle is a very
noble Venetian window, and over it, a circular one. In each space
between the pilasters, is a smaller window, with an angular pediment;
and over these are also circular ones; but the side parts have arched
windows with square ones over them. The central part is crowned with a
pediment supported by these pilasters, and in its plain is the arms of
the company with handsome decorations in relievo. The rest of the
building is terminated by a balustrade crowned with vases.
ISAAC’S _rents_, Shoe lane.
ISLAND HEAD _lane_, Wapping.
ISLE OF DOGS, a part of Poplar marsh. When our Sovereigns had a palace
at Greenwich, they used it as a hunting seat, and it is said, kept the
kennels for their hounds in this marsh, which lies on the other side
of the river; these hounds frequently making a great noise, the seamen
and others called the place the Isle of Dogs, though it is so far from
being an island, that it can scarcely be called a peninsula. _Stow._
ISLEWORTH or THISTLEWORTH, a village in Middlesex, pleasantly situated
on the Thames opposite to Richmond. Here are two charity schools, and
in its neighbourhood are the seats of several persons of distinction.
ISLINGTON, a large village in Middlesex, on the north side of London, to
which it is almost contiguous. It appears to have been built by the
Saxons, and in the time of William the Conqueror was called Isendon or
Isledon. By the south west side of this village, is a fine reservoir
called New River Head, which consists of a large bason, into which the
New River discharges itself; part of the water is from thence conveyed
by pipes to London, while another part is thrown by an engine through
other pipes up hill to a reservoir, which lies much higher, in order
to supply the highest parts of London.
The church is one of the prebends of St. Paul’s; the old Gothic
structure lately taken down was erected in the year 1503, and stood
till 1751, when it being in a ruinous condition, the inhabitants
applied to parliament for leave to rebuild it, and soon after erected
the present structure, which is a very substantial brick edifice,
though it does not want an air of lightness. The body is well
enlightened, and the angles strengthened and decorated with a plain
rustic. The floor is raised considerably above the level of the church
yard, and the door in the front is adorned with a portico, which
consists of a dome supported by four Doric columns; but both the door
and the portico appear too small for the rest of the building. The
steeple consists of a tower, which rises square to a considerable
height, terminated by a cornice supporting four vases, at the corners.
Upon this part is placed an octangular balustrade, from within which
rises the base of the dome in the same form, supporting Corinthian
columns with their shafts wrought with rustic. Upon these rests the
dome, and from its crown rises the spire, which is terminated by a
ball and its fane. Though the body of the church is very large, the
roof is supported without pillars, and the inside is extremely
commodious, and adorned with an elegant plainness.
This parish is very extensive, and includes Upper and Lower Holloway,
three sides of Newington Green, and part of Kingsland. There are in
Islington two Independent meeting houses, and a charity school founded
in the year 1613, by Dame Alice Owen, for educating thirty children:
this foundation, together with that of a row of almshouses, are under
the care of the Brewers company. There is here also a spring of
chalybeat water in a very pleasant garden, which for some years was
honoured by the constant attendance of the late Princess Amelia and
many persons of quality, who drank the waters: to this place, which is
called New Tunbridge Wells, many people resort, particularly during
the summer, the price of drinking the waters being 3_d._ for each
person. Near this place is a house of entertainment called Sadler’s
Wells, where during the summer season people are amused with balance
masters, walking on the wire, rope dancing, tumbling, and pantomime
entertainments.
ISLINGTON _road_, 1. Goswell street. 2. St. John’s street, West
Smithfield.
JULIAN _court_, Angel alley.
_Clerk of the_ JURIES OFFICE, in Hind court, Fleet street. The Clerk of
the juries is an officer of the court of Common Pleas, who makes out
writs called _Habeas Corpora_, and _Distringas Juratorum_, for
appearance of the jury, either in that court, or at the assizes in the
country. This office is executed by a deputy. _Chamb. Pres. State._
JUSTICE HALL, on the north east side of the Old Bailey, stands backwards
in a yard to which there is an entrance through a gateway. Had the
building therefore been a fine one, it could not have been viewed to
advantage; but it is a plain brick edifice, that has nothing to
recommend it. A flight of plain steps lead up into the court room,
which has a gallery at each end for the accommodation of spectators.
The prisoners are brought to this court from Newgate, by a passage
backwards which leads to that prison, and there are two places where
they are kept till called to their trials, the one for the men and the
other for the women. There are also rooms for the grand and petty jury
and other accommodations.
An author, whose opinion we have given on other subjects, condemns
this, and all the other courts of justice in England, as wanting that
grandeur and augustness which might strike offenders and mankind in
general with an awe for the place; and he recommends the form of a
theatre as most proper, the stage for the bench, the pit for the
council, prisoners, &c. and the circle round for the spectators.
Whether this writer’s idea of the form of a court of judicature is
just and well founded, we shall not determine.
It seems however to be wished, that these public edifices had more of
the appearance of grandeur and magnificence, especially in the
metropolis of the kingdom.
This court is held eight times a year by the King’s commission of oyer
and terminer, for the tryal of criminals for crimes committed within
the city of London and county of Middlesex. The Judges are, the Lord
Mayor, the Aldermen past the chair, and the Recorder, who, on all such
occasions, are attended by both the Sheriffs, and by one or more of
the national Judges. The offences in the city are tried by a jury of
citizens, and those committed in the county by one formed of the
housekeepers in the county. The crimes tried in this court are high
and petty treason, murder, felony, forgery, petty larceny, burglary,
cheating, libelling, the using of false weights and measures, &c. the
penalties incurred by which are the loss of life, corporal punishment,
transportation, amerciaments, &c. _Stow_, _Maitland_.
IVY _Bridge_, In the Strand.
IVY BRIDGE _lane_, In the Strand.
IVY BRIDGE _stairs_, Near the Strand.
IVY _lane_, runs from Pater Noster Row into Newgate street. This lane
took its name from the Ivy which grew on the walls of the prebends
houses, formerly situated here. _Stow._
IVY _street_, Dyot street, St. Giles’s.
[Illustration]
K.
_St._ KATHARINE’S. See St. CATHARINE’S.
KEAT _street_, Dean and Flown street, Spitalfields.†
KEBB’S _yard_, In the Minories.†
KEMP’S _court_, Berwick street.†
KEMPTON _court_, Vine street.†
KENNINGTON, a village near Lambeth, in Surry, and one of the eight
precincts of that parish. It has the honour of giving the title of
Earl to the Duke of Cumberland.
KENNINGTON COMMON, a small spot of ground, on the side of the road to
Camberwell, and about a mile and a half from London. Upon this spot is
the gallows for the county of Surry.
KENNINGTON _lane_, Newington Butts.
[Illustration:
_Kensington Palace_
_S. Wale delin._ _B. Green sculp._
]
KENSINGTON, a large and populous village in Middlesex, about two miles
from Hyde Park Corner, part of which, from the palace gate to the
Bell, is in the parish of St. Margaret’s, Westminster. The palace,
which was the seat of the Lord Chancellor Finch, afterwards Earl of
Nottingham, was purchased by King William, who greatly improved it,
and caused a royal road to be made to it, through St. James’s and Hyde
Parks, with lamp posts erected at equal distances on each side. Queen
Mary enlarged the gardens; her sister Queen Anne improved what Mary
had begun, and was so pleased with the place, that she frequently
supped during the summer in the Green house, which is a very beautiful
one: but her late excellent Majesty Queen Caroline completed the
design, by extending the gardens from the great road in Kennington to
Acton; by bringing what is called the Serpentine river into them, and
by taking in some aires out of Hyde Park, on which she caused a mount
to be raised, with a chair upon it, that could be easily turned round,
so as to afford shelter from the wind. This mount is surrounded with a
grove of ever-greens, and commands a fine view over the gardens to the
south and west. In short these gardens, which are three miles and a
half in compass, are kept in great order, and in summer-time, when the
court is not there, are resorted to by great numbers of people. The
palace indeed has none of that grandeur, which ought to appear in the
residence of a British Monarch; its nearness to the town makes it very
convenient, but it is very irregular in point of architecture. However
the royal apartments are grand, and some of the pictures are good.
On passing the base court, you enter through a large portico into a
stone gallery, that leads to the great stair case, which is a very
fine one, and consists of several flights of black marble steps,
adorned with iron balusters finely wrought. The painting here affords
the view of several balconies with groups of figures representing
yeomen of the guard, and spectators, among whom are drawn Mr. Ulrick,
commonly called the young Turk, in the Polonese dress in which he
waited on his late Majesty King George I. Peter, the wild youth, &c.
The stair case is richly decorated and painted by Mr. Kent.
The first room is hung with very fine tapestry, representing the
goddess Diana, hunting and killing the wild boar. Over the chimney is
a picture in a grand taste, representing one of the Graces in the
character of Painting, receiving instructions from Cupid. This piece
is said to be done by Guido Reni. In one corner of the room is a
marble statue of Venus, with an apple in her hand; and in another is
the statue of Bacchus, whose head is finely executed; but the body,
which is inferior to it, seems to be done by another hand.
The second room has its ceiling painted with Minerva, surrounded by
the arts and sciences, by Mr. Kent. Over the chimney is a very fine
piece representing Cupid admiring Psyche, while she is asleep, by
Vandyck. On each side of the room are hung several pictures, as King
Henry VIII. and the Comptroller of his houshold, by Holbein: a three
quarter picture of King Charles I. and another of his Queen, by
Vandyck: the Duke and Duchess of York, by Sir Peter Lely: as also King
William and Queen Mary, when Prince and Princess of Orange, over the
doors, by the same hand.
The third room, which was the late Queen’s apartment, is adorned with
very beautiful tapestry, representing a Dutch winter piece, and the
various diversions peculiar to the natives of Holland, done by Mr.
Vanderbank. Over the chimney is an admirable picture of King Charles
II. King James II. and their sister the Princess of Orange, when
children, by Vandyck.
In the fourth room is the picture of a battle or skirmish between the
Germans and Italians, by Holbein. Another of Danae descending in a
shower of gold, and another of the widow Eliot finely executed by our
countryman Riley.
In the fifth room is a picture of the crucifixion, and another of our
Saviour laid on the cross, both by Titian: of our Saviour calling St.
Matthew from the receipt of customs, by Annibal Caracci; and of his
healing the sick in the temple, by Verrio: a picture of Henry IV. of
France, by Titian: two heads of Queen Mary I. and Queen Elizabeth,
when children, by Holbein: the late Queen Anne, when an infant, by Sir
Peter Lely: and several heads by Raphael.
In the sixth room, or rather gallery, are the pictures of King Henry
VIII. and Queen Katharine of Arragon, both by Holbein: King Philip of
Spain, and Queen Mary, by the same hand: King James I. by Vandyck:
King Charles II. the face by Sir Peter Lely: Queen Elizabeth in a
Chinese dress, drawn when she was a prisoner at Woodstock: King James
II. when Duke of York, and another of his Queen, both by Sir Peter
Lely: King William and Queen Mary in their coronation robes, by Sir
Godfrey Kneller. Sir Godfrey was knighted on his painting these
pictures; King William being doubtless pleased with so fine a picture
of his Queen. The next is Queen Anne, after Sir Godfrey Kneller; and a
picture of Queen Caroline, which is but poorly executed. In this room
is a curious amber cabinet, in a glass case; and at the upper end a
beautiful orrery, likewise in a glass case.
The seventh, which is called the Cupola room, has a star in the
center, and the ceiling all around is adorned with paintings in
mosaic: round the room are placed at proper distances, eight bustos of
ancient poets, and six statues of the heathen gods and goddesses at
full length, gilt. Over the chimney piece is a curious bas-relief in
marble, representing a Roman marriage, with a busto of Cleopatra, by
Mr. Rysbrack.
In the King’s great drawing room, over the chimney, is a very fine
picture of St. Francis adoring the infant Jesus, held in the lap of
the Virgin Mary, Joseph attending, the whole performed by Sir Peter
Paul Rubens. In this room are also the holy family, finely painted by
Paul Veronese: three priests, by Tintoret: a noble picture of St.
Agnes over one of the doors, by Domenichino: St. John Baptist’s head,
Mary Magdalen, and a naked Venus, all by Titian: a Venus in a supine
posture, stealing an arrow out of Cupid’s quiver, with beautiful
ornaments in the high gusto of the Greek antique, representing Love
and the Drama, by Jacobo da Puntormo; upon the original out-lines of
the great Michelangelo Buonarroti: a picture of Villars, Duke of
Buckingham, and his younger brother, when boys, one of the capital
pieces of Vandyck: two large pictures by Guido Reni, one of Venus
dressing by the Graces; the other of Andromeda chained to a rock: our
Saviour in the manger by Bassan; and a picture of part of the holy
family, by Palma the elder.
The ceiling of this room, in which there is such a mixture of sacred
and prophane pieces, is painted with the story of Jupiter and Semele.
In the state chamber, the bed is of crimson damask; and over the
chimney is a picture of our Saviour and St. John Baptist, by Raphael.
In the state dressing room the hangings are all of needle work; a
present from the Queen of Prussia. Here is a picture of Edward VI. by
Holbein; of a young nobleman of Venice, by Tintoret; another young
nobleman of the same place, by Tintoret; and Titian’s lady, painted by
himself.
The Painted gallery is adorned with many admirable pieces. At one end
is King Charles I. on a white horse, with the Duke d’Espernon holding
his helmet; the King is an august and noble figure, with some
dejection in his countenance; the triumphal arch, curtain, and other
parts of the back ground, are finely executed, and so kept, that the
King is the principal figure that strikes the eye; at a little
distance it has more of the life than a picture, and one is almost
ready to get out of the horse’s way, and bow to the King.
Fronting this picture, at the other end of the gallery, is the same
King, with his Queen, and two children, King Charles II. when a child,
and King James II. an infant in the Queen’s lap. The King’s paternal
tenderness is finely expressed, his son standing at his knee: the
Queen’s countenance is expressive of an affectionate obedience to his
Majesty, and a fond care of her child, which she seems to desire the
King to look on. The infant is exquisitely performed; the vacancy of
thought in the face, and the inactivity of the hands, are equal to
life itself at that age. These two admirable pieces were done by
Vandyck.
One of the next capital pictures in this gallery is Esther fainting
before King Ahasuerus, painted by Tintoret. All the figures are finely
drawn and richly dressed in the Venetian manner; for the Venetian
school painted all their historical figures in their own habits,
thinking them more noble and picturesque than any other.
The next piece is the nine muses in concert, finely drawn by the same
master.
Midas preferring Pan to Apollo, is a fine piece, by Andrea Schiavone;
but it is a good deal hurt by time; the figures however are well drawn
and coloured; and the affectation of judgment in Midas is finely
expressed.
The shepherds offering gifts to Christ, St. John in prison, the story
of the woman of Samaria, and John Baptist’s head, are fine pieces, by
Old Palma.
Noah’s flood, by Bassan, is a masterly performance.
Over the chimney is a Madona, by Raphael, which, though a small piece,
gives a very high idea of that great master’s abilities. There is also
in this gallery a Madona by Vandyck, which is exquisitely performed.
The other pictures here are, the birth of Jupiter, a fine piece, by
Giulio Romano; a Cupid whetting his arrow, by Annibal Caracci; and a
Venus and Cupid, by Titian.
KENT _road_, At the upper end of Kent street.
KENT _street_, extends from the end of Long lane, near St. George’s
church, Southwark, to Kent road. It is observable that the principal
business of this street is making of birch brooms, in which the
masters are such great dealers, that in some of their yards several
stacks of brooms may be seen of a considerable extent, and rising as
high as the most lofty houses.
KENT’S _yard_, Angel alley.†
KETTLEBY’S _rents_, at Kennington.†
KETTLE _yard_, Redcross street.
KEW, a town in Surry, situated on the Thames, opposite to Old Brentford.
Here is a chapel of ease, erected at the expence of several of the
nobility and gentry in the neighbourhood, on a piece of ground that
was given for that purpose by the late Queen Anne. Here the late Mr.
Molineux, Secretary to his present Majesty when Prince of Wales, had a
very fine seat on the Green, the gardens of which are said to produce
the best fruit in England. This house belonged to the late Prince of
Wales. Her late Majesty Queen Caroline here purchased Lady Eyre’s
seat, for the Duke of Cumberland, and Sir Thomas Abney’s for the
Princesses Amelia and Caroline.
In the sessions of parliament in 1758, an act passed for building a
bridge cross the Thames opposite to Kew Green; and this act is now
executed, and a bridge is built of eleven arches. The two piers and
their dependent arches on each side next the shore are built of brick
and stone, the intermediate arches, which are seven in number, are
entirely wood. The center arch is fifty feet wide, and the road over
the bridge is thirty feet wide.
KEY _court_, 1. Little St. Thomas Apostles.* 2. St. John street, West
Smithfield.*
KIDDER’S _yard_, Petty France, Westminster.†
KIDNEY _stairs_, Narrow street.
KIFFORD’S _Almshouse_, at Tothill side, Westminster, was founded by Mrs.
Judith Kifford, in the year 1705, for two decayed gentlewomen, each of
whom has one room, and 5_l._ _per annum_.
KILBORN, a village in Middlesex, in the road from London to Edgworth,
and in the parish of Hampstead.
KILHAM’S _wharf_, Millbank.†
KILL _court_, St. John’s street.
KILLIGREW _court_, Scotland yard.†
KING AND QUEEN _stairs_, Rotherhith.*
KING DAVID’S _court_, Whitechapel.*
KING DAVID’S FORT, Near Bluegate fields.*
KING DAVID’S FORT _lane_, King David’s lane.*
KING DAVID’S _lane_, Upper Shadwell.*
KING EDWARD’S _row_, Coverley’s fields.*
KING EDWARD’S _stairs_, Wapping.*
KING EDWARD’S _street_, 1. Tudor street.* 2. Wapping.*
KING HENRY’S _yard_, Nightingale lane, East Smithfield.*
KING JAMES’S _stairs_, Wapping wall.*
KING JOHN’S _court_, 1. Barnaby street.* 2. Holiwell lane.* 3. Limehouse
Corner. 4. Mile-end Green.* 5. Stepney Green.*
KING JOHN’S _court passage_, Barnaby street.*
KING TUDOR’S _street_, Bridewell, Fleet street.
KING’S ARMS _court_, 1. Bankside.* 2. Basinghall street.* 3. King John’s
court, Holiwell street.* 4. Ludgate hill.*
KING’S ARMS _stairs_, College street.*
KING’S ARMS _walk_, Narrow walk.*
KING’S ARMS _yard_, 1. Chick lane.* 2. Coleman street.* 3. Fore street.*
4. Lothbury.* 5. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.* 6. Marybon
street.* 7. Shoreditch.* 8. Whitechapel.* 9. Whitecross street,
Cripplegate.*
KING’S ARMS _inn yard_, Holborn Bridge.*
KING’S BENCH, the highest Court of Common Law in England, is so called,
because the King sometimes sat there in person on an high bench, and
the Judges, to whom the judicature belongs in his absence, on a low
bench at his feet: or because this Court determines pleas between the
Crown and the subject of treasons, felonies, and other pleas, which
properly belong to the King: and also in whatsoever relates to the
loss of life or member of any subject, in which the King is concerned,
as he is a sufferer by the loss of the life or limbs of his subjects.
Here likewise are tried breaches of peace, oppression, and
misgovernment; and this Court corrects the errors of all the Judges
and Justices of England, in their judgments and proceedings, not only
in pleas of the Crown, but in all pleas, real, personal, and mix’d;
except only pleas in the Exchequer. This Court is general, and extends
to all England; and where-ever it is held the law supposes the
Sovereign to be there in person. In this Court there commonly sit four
Judges, the first of which is stiled the Lord Chief Justice of the
King’s Bench; and sometimes the Lord Chief Justice of England; whose
salary is 4000_l._ a year, and the puisne Judges 1500_l._ a year each.
_Chamberlain’s Present State._
The Court of King’s Bench in Westminster Hall, is in the south east
corner.
KING’S BENCH _alley_, 1. Dorset street, Spitalfields. 2. St. Margaret’s
Hill.
KING’S BENCH OFFICE, In the Inner Temple, at the lower end of King’s
Bench walk, next the Thames. Here the records of that Court are kept
to secure them from fire.
KING’S BENCH PRISON, In St. George’s fields, is a place of confinement
for debtors; and for those sentenced by the Court of King’s Bench to
suffer imprisonment, for libels and other misdemeanors; but those who
can purchase the liberties have the benefit of walking through a part
of the Borough, and in St. George’s fields.
This prison is situated in a fine air; but all prospect of the fields,
even from the uppermost windows, is excluded by the height of the
walls with which it is surrounded. It has a neat chapel for the
performance of divine worship, and only one bed in each room; but
these rooms are extremely small; they are all exactly alike, and none
above nine feet in length.
KING’S BENCH _walk_, Inner Temple, from the King’s Bench office kept
there.
KING’S COLLEGE _lane_, Bristol street.
KING’S _court_, 1. Milk street, Cheapside. 2. Nightingale lane, East
Smithfield.
KING’S GATE _street_, High Holborn.
KING’S HEAD _alley_, 1. Broad street, Ratcliff.* 2. Dorset street,
Spitalfields.* 3. In the Maze. 4. Whitechapel.*
KING’S HEAD _court_, 1. Barnaby street.* 2. Beech lane.* 3. In the
Borough.* 4. St. Clement’s.* 5. Cock lane, Shoreditch.* 6. Crispin
street.* 7. Drury lane.* 8. Fetter lane.* 9. Golden lane.* 10. Goswell
street.* 11. Gutter lane.* 12. Hand alley.* 13. Holborn.* 14. Huggen
lane, Thames street.* 15. King street, Cheapside.* 16. Little Carter
lane.* 17. St. Martin’s le Grand. 18. New Fish street.* 19. New Gravel
lane.* 20. Old Gravel lane.* 21. Petticoat lane, Whitechapel.* 22.
Plumtree street.* 23. Pudding lane, Thames street.* 24. Shoe lane,
Fleet street.* 25. Shoreditch.* 26. Southampton buildings.* 27.
Stanhope street.* 28. In the Strand.* 29. Tenter Ground.* 30. Vine
street.* 31. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.* 32. Wood street,
Cheapside.*
KING’S HEAD _yard_, 1. Fore street, Lambeth.* 2. High Holborn.* 3.
Holiwell street.* 4. King street, New Gravel lane.* 5. Leather lane,
Holborn.* 6. Moorfields.* 7. Shoreditch.* 8. Tooley street.* 9.
Wiltshire lane.*
KING’S LIBRARY, was founded by Henry Prince of Wales, the eldest son of
King James I. The printed books in this Library amount to about 10,200
and the manuscripts to about 1800. They were kept in Cotton house,
till that was burnt by the fire in 1731; they however suffered but
little by that fire, and were removed with the Cotton library to the
Old Dormitory at Westminster; since which both these libraries have
been placed with Sir Hans Sloane’s Museum in Montagu house. See the
articles COTTON LIBRARY, and BRITISH MUSEUM.
_Clerk of the_ KING’S SILVER, an officer of the Court of Common Pleas,
to whom every fine or final agreement upon the sale of land is
brought, after it has been with the _Custos Brevium_, who makes an
entry of what money is to be paid for the King’s use. This office,
which is executed by a deputy, is kept in the Inner Temple.
_Chamberlain’s Present State._
KING’S LANGLEY, near Abbots Langley in Hertfordshire, received its name
from a royal palace built here by King Henry III. the ruins of which
are still to be seen. King Richard II. with his Queen, and many of the
nobility kept a Christmas here, and in its monastery he was buried,
though afterwards removed to Westminster by King Henry V. Here was
also born and buried, Edmund of Langley, Duke of York, the son of
Edward III. and many others of that family.
KING’S _rents_, 1. Shad Thames.* 2. Whitecross street.*
KING’S OLD and NEW ROADS to Kensington, Hyde Park.
KING’S _road_, 1. Barnaby street. 2. Gray’s Inn lane.
KING’S _row_, Shad Thames.†
KING’S _square_. See SOHO _square_.
KING’S SQUARE _court_, Dean street, Soho.
KING’S _stairs_, Rotherhith.†
KING _street_. Many of these streets first received their present name,
after the restoration, in honour of King Charles II. or of monarchy in
general. 1. Bartholomew hospital. 2. Brick lane, Spitalfields. 3.
Opposite to Queen street, and leading from Cheapside to Guildhall; so
called by the act of parliament, by which it was first ordered to be
built after the fire of London. 4. Covent Garden. 5. Duke’s Place. 6.
Foul lane, in the Borough. 7. Golden Square. 8. Near Grosvenor square.
9. High Holborn. 10. Hoxton square. 11. St. James’s square. 12. Little
Tower hill. 13. Lowman’s street. 14. In the Mint. 15. Near Monmouth
street. 16. New Gravel lane. 17. Old Greek street, Soho. 18. Old
street square. 19. Oxford street. 20. Piccadilly. 21. Prince’s square.
22. Prince’s street, Soho. 23. Ratcliff Highway. 24. Rosemary lane.
25. Rotherhith wall. 26. Tooley street. 27. Upper Moorfields. 28.
Westminster. 29. Wood’s Close, Compton street.
KING’S _street passage_, Little Tower hill.
KING’S _way_, Gray’s Inn lane.
KING’S WEIGH HOUSE. See WEIGH HOUSE.
KING’S _yard_, 1. Barnaby street. 2. Leather lane, Holborn. 3.
Whitecross street, Cripplegate.
KINGSBURY, at the west end of St. Alban’s in Hertfordshire, is thus
named from the Saxon Kings frequently keeping their court there, till
it was purchased by the monks of the neighbouring abbey.
KINGSLAND, a hamlet of the parish of Islington, lying between Hoxton and
Clapton. Here was anciently an hospital for lepers, which is now
appropriated to the cure of the venereal disease, and is an appendage
to St. Bartholomew’s and St. Thomas’s hospitals. The edifice is a
plain modern brick building, without ornamental decorations; it is
large and proper for the use to which it is applied, and on the end of
it is a dial, which has the following suitable motto, POST VOLUPTATEM
MISERICORDIA; that is, _After pleasure comes pain_. This structure
joins a little old chapel; but it is wisely contrived that the
patients, who are obliged to attend divine service, can neither see
nor be seen by the rest of the audience.
This hospital is called _The Lock_.
KINGSTON UPON THAMES, a Town in Surry, received its name from its having
been the residence of several of our Saxon Kings, some of whom were
crowned on a stage in the market place. It is a populous and
well-built place, and in the reigns of Edward the Second and Third
sent members to parliament. Here is a spacious church with eight
bells, in which are the pictures of the Saxon Kings who were crowned
here, and also that of King John, who gave the inhabitants of this
town their first charter. Here is also a wooden bridge of twenty
arches over the Thames; a free school erected and endowed by Queen
Elizabeth; an almshouse built in 1670 by Aldermen Clive, for six men,
and as many women, and endowed with land to the value of 80_l._ a
year; and a charity school for thirty boys, who are all cloathed. The
summer assizes for this county are generally held here, and there is a
gallery on the top of a hill that overlooks the town. A house called
Hircomb’s Place, in this town, was the seat of the famous Earl of
Warwick, stiled The setter up and puller down of Kings. Besides the
above bridge, there is another of brick over a stream, that flows from
a spring which rises four miles above the town, and within the
distance of a bow shot from its source, forms a brook that drives two
mills. Here is a good market for corn, and the town carries on a
considerable trade.
KINHAVEY’S _court_, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.†
KINNERSLEY’S _yard_, Ratcliff highway.†
KIRBY’S _court_, 1. Foul lane, in the Borough.† 2. Chick lane, West
Smithfield.†
KIRBY’S _wharf_, Lower Shadwell.†
KIRBY’S _yard_, Curtain row, Hog lane, St. Giles’s.†
KIRK’S _yard_, East Smithfield.†
KITTER’S _yard_, White Hart lane.†
KNAVE OF CLUBS _yard_, Old street.*
KNAVES _Acre_, Wardour street.‖
KNIGHTSBRIDGE, the first village from London in the great western road,
is situated in the parishes of St. George’s Hanover square, and St.
Margaret’s Westminster, but has a chapel independent of those
parishes. Near the entrance of this village in the way from London, is
the infirmary for the sick and wounded called St. George’s hospital.
See _St._ GEORGE’S HOSPITAL.
KNIGHT’S _court_, 1. Back side St. Clement’s.† 2. Green walk.†
KNITNEEDLE _street_, Bloomsbury.
KNOCKFERGUS, Near Rosemary lane.
KNOLLEY’S _yard_, Hog lane.†
KNOWLES’S _court_, Little Carter lane.†
KNOWL HOUSE, near Sevenoak in Kent, is the seat of the Duke of Dorset.
It is situated in the middle of a park, and is a handsome large stone
fabric. There are some excellent pictures in the apartments.
KORBY’S _yard_, Hand alley, Petticoat lane.†
KREETCH’S _wharf_, Millbank.†
[Illustration]
L.
LABOUR-IN-VAIN _alley_, St. Margaret’s hill.*
LABOUR-IN-VAIN _court_, Old Fish street hill.*
LABOUR-IN-VAIN _hill_, Thames street.*
LABOUR-IN-VAIN _street_, Lower Shadwell.*
LABOUR-IN-VAIN _yard_, Thames street.*
LAD _court_, Moses alley, Willow street.
LAD _lane_, Wood street, Cheapside.
LADDLE _court_, Cut Throat lane, Upper Shadwell.
LAD’S _court_, Gardiner’s lane.†
LADY _alley_, 1. Great St. Anne’s lane. 2. King street, Westminster.
LADY ALLEY _Almshouse_, in King street, Westminster, consists of four
rooms for as many poor women, and is said to have been founded by a
King or Queen of England, with an allowance out of the Exchequer of
1_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ a year each. _Maitland._
LAMB _alley_, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* 2. Blackman street, by St.
George’s church, Southwark.* 3. Goodman’s fields. 4. Monkwell street.†
5. In the Old Change.* 6. Saffron hill.* 7. Sherbourn lane, Lombard
street.* 8. Whitechapel.* 9. St. Giles’s Broadway.†
LAMB _court_, 1. Abchurch lane. 2. Clerkenwell. 3. Lamb alley,
Southwark.
LAMB’S _buildings_, Inner Temple.†
LAMB’S CHAPEL, situated in a court to which it gives its name, at the
north west corner of London wall, was founded in the reign of Edward
I. and dedicated to St. James, when it was distinguished from other
places of religious worship of the same name by the denomination of
_St. James’s Chapel_, or _Hermitage on the wall_; from its being
erected on or near the city wall in Monkwell street. At the
dissolution of religious houses, King Henry VIII. granted this chapel
to William Lamb, a rich clothworker, who bequeathed it, with other
appurtenances, to the company of which he was a member, and from him
it received its present name.
In this chapel the clothworkers company have four sermons preached to
them upon four principal festivals in the year, viz. upon the feast of
the annunciation of the blessed Virgin, March 25; on the feast of St.
John Baptist, June 24; on the feast of St. Michael the Archangel,
Sept. 29; and on that of St. Thomas the Apostle, Dec. 21; upon which
days the Master, Wardens, and Livery of the company, in conformity to
the above Mr. Lamb’s will, go in their gowns to the chapel and hear a
sermon; after which they relieve twelve poor men and as many women, by
giving one shilling to each; and every Michaelmas they give to each a
frize gown, a lockram shift, and a good pair of winter shoes.
LAMB’S CHAPEL _court_, Monkwell street.
LAMB’S CONDUIT, was according to Stow formed by the above-mentioned Mr.
William Lamb, who having drawn together several springs of water to
one head, at a place which is now the end of Red Lion street, in
Holborn, erected a conduit there, and conveyed part of the water
through leaden pipes the space of two thousand yards to Snow hill,
where having rebuilt a ruinous conduit, which had been long disused,
he laid the water into it. The whole expense of this work, which was
finished March 26, 1577, amounted to 1500_l._ These conduits were
built with stone, with a lamb on the top: the former of these little
edifices gave its name to the adjacent fields, on which the Foundling
hospital is built; but obstructing the view of that truly noble
structure, it was taken down some years ago, and the water being
conveyed to the side of the street, a descent is made to the spring
head by a flight of stone steps. That on Snow hill has also been taken
down, and a pump adorned with lamps placed in its room; the advantage
the city receives from the New River water, rendering these
structures, which were formerly of great advantage, entirely useless.
LAMB’S CONDUIT _Mews_, Millman street, Holborn.
LAMB’S CONDUIT _passage_, Red Lion street.†
LAMB’S _court_, Red Lion court.†
LAMB _street_, 1. Crispin street, Spitalfields.† 2. Turnmill street.†
LAMB’S _yard_, 1. Bishopsgate without.† 2. Nightingale lane, East
Smithfield.
LAMBERT _hill_, generally called Lambeth hill, Thames street; was so
called from Lambert the owner thereof. _Maitland._
LAMBERT _street_, Goodman’s fields.†
LAMBERT’S _rents_, Petticoat lane.†
[Illustration:
_Lambeth Palace._
_S. Wale delin._ _J. Fougeron sculp._
]
LAMBETH, a village in Surry, situated on the Thames, between Southwark
and Battersea, and near the south end of London bridge; is
particularly famous for its containing, for several ages, the palace
of the Archbishop of Canterbury. This structure was originally formed
by Baldwin, Archbishop of that see, in the year 1188; who first
intended to have raised a superb structure at Hackington, near this
place; but the Monks, with whom he was at variance, obtained the
Pope’s mandate against it; when, taking down what he had erected, he
removed the bell of the materials to Lambeth, with which he built the
palace, a college and church, having before purchased the ground of
the Bishop and Convent of Rochester, by a fair exchange.
In the year 1250, Boniface, Archbishop of Canterbury, having, by his
arrogance, rendered himself hateful to the citizens of London,
retired, for the security of his person, to this palace; and finding
it in a ruinous condition, within the space of three years rebuilt the
whole north side, the archi-episcopal apartments, the library and
cloisters, the guard-chamber, the chapel, and Lollards tower.
From that time this palace became the residence of the greatest
persons of the church, and was soon enlarged by many additional
buildings: Cardinal Pool built the gate, which, for that time, is a
noble structure. The Lollards tower, which is thus named from a room
in it prepared for the imprisonment of the followers of Wickliff, the
first British reformer, who were called Lollards, was finished by
Chichely, and remains a lasting memorial of his cruelty, and
antichristian spirit. It is a small room, twelve feet broad and nine
long, planked with elm, and there still remain eight rings and
staples, to which Christians were chained, for presuming to differ in
opinion from that prelate. The spacious hall was erected by Juxton,
and the brick edifice between the gate and this hall was begun by
Archbishop Sancroft, and finished by the immortal Tillotson.
From the present structure being thus erected at different periods, it
is not at all surprizing that it has but little appearance of
uniformity; but the edifice, tho’ old, is in most parts strong; the
corners are faced with rustic, and the top surrounded with
battlements; but the principal apartments are well proportioned, and
well enlightened: the Gothic work about it is irregularly disposed,
and it is in itself irregular. Some of the inner rooms are too close
and confined; but there are many others open and pleasant in
themselves, with the advantage of being convenient, and of affording
very agreeable prospects. For as this palace is situated on the bank
of the Thames, it affords a fine view up and down the river, and, from
the higher apartments, a prospect of the country each way.
The palace, with the rows of trees before it, and the church of
Lambeth adjoining, when viewed from the Thames, make a very pretty
picturesque appearance, and this is the view which is here given.
In this palace is a very fine library, founded in the year 1610, by
Archbishop Sancroft, who left by will all his books, for the use of
his successors in the archi-episcopal see of Canterbury. This library
has been greatly increased by the benefactions of the Archbishops
Abbot, Sheldon, and Tennyson, and consists of 617 volumes in
manuscript, and above 14,500 printed books.
The church, which stands by the palace, is a very antique structure,
dedicated to St. Mary. It has a square tower, and both that and the
body of the church are crowned with battlements. In this parish are
eight precincts, denominated the Archbishop’s, the Prince’s, Vauxhall,
Kennington, the Marsh, the Wall, Stockwell, and the Dean’s precinct.
It is remarkable, that at Lambeth Wall is a spot of ground, containing
an acre and nineteen poles, named Pedlar’s acre, which has belonged to
the parish from time immemorial, and is said to have been given by a
pedlar, upon condition that his picture, with that of his dog, be
perpetually preserved in painted glass in one of the windows of the
church; which the parishioners carefully performed in the south east
window of the middle isle. _Maitland._
LAMBETH BUTTS, Lambeth.
LAMBETH MARSH, between Lambeth and Spring Gardens.
LAMBETH _road_, Newington Butts.
LAMBETH _School_, was founded by Richard Laurence, citizen and merchant
of London, in the year 1661, for educating twenty poor children of the
Marsh and Wall liberties of this parish, for which purpose he endowed
it with 35_l._ _per annum_.
LAMBETH _stairs_, Lambeth.
LANCASTER _college_, in the parish of St. Gregory near St. Paul’s, was a
hall founded by King Henry IV. and the executors of John of Gaunt,
Duke of Lancaster; containing lodgings and a common hall for charity
priests to officiate in a chapel, on the north side of the choir of
St. Paul’s cathedral; but it was suppressed, and granted to one Mr.
William Gunter, in the second year of Edward VI. _Maitland._
_Duchy of_ LANCASTER COURT, held at Gray’s Inn. This court owes its
origin to King Henry IV. after his having deposed Richard II. when,
possessing the duchy of Lancaster in right of his mother, he imagined
his claim to it better than that to the throne, and therefore
separated it from the Crown, and erected this court for its use. Here
all matters of law and equity, belonging to the duchy or county
palatine of Lancaster, are tried and determined by the Chancellor, who
is the chief judge, and is assisted by his attorney general, and other
officers. _Maitland._
_Duchy of_ LANCASTER LIBERTY, begins on the outside of Temple Bar, and
extending along the south side of the Strand to the east side of Cecil
street, reaches down it to the Thames, and thence to Essex Buildings,
taking in all the houses to Temple Bar. On the north side it extends
from Temple Bar to where the Maypole stood, and extending down
Holiwell street, commonly called the back of St. Clement’s, passes by
Butcher row, taking in all that range of buildings. Beyond the place
of the Maypole, this liberty begins again by the Fountain tavern in
Catharine street, and reaches from thence into the Strand, as far as
Exeter exchange; then turning up Burleigh street, it runs up within
four houses of the corner of Essex street, and, crossing it, proceeds
into Catharine street, by the Fountain tavern. _Stow, last edit._
LANCASTER _court_, 1. New Bond street. 2. In the Strand.
LANCASTER _yard_, Holiwell street.
LAND OF PROMISE _lane_, Hoxton.
LANDRESS _alley_, Five feet lane.
LANE’S _alley_, St. Giles’s Broadway.†
LANE’S _court_, Cold Bath square, by Cold Bath fields.†
LANGBOURN RIVULET, a brook which formerly took its rise in or near the
east end of Fenchurch street, and ran with a swift current due west,
to Sherbourn lane, at the west end of St. Mary Woolnoth; then dividing
its stream into several rills, ran directly south, and was lost in the
Wall Brook, on Dowgate hill. _Maitland._
LANGBOURN WARD, took its name from the Langbourn, or rivulet
above-mentioned. It is bounded on the north by Aldgate and Lime street
wards; on the west, by Wallbrook ward; on the south, by Candlewick,
Bridge, Billingsgate, and Tower street wards; and on the east, by
Aldgate ward. Its principal streets are great part of Fenchurch
street, and Lombard street, Exchange alley, Birchinlane, &c.
The most remarkable buildings are, the churches of St. Mary Woolnoth,
St. Edmund the King, Allhallows Lombard street, and St. Dionis
Backchurch; the General Post office, Pewterers hall, and the hall
belonging to the Hudson’s Bay company.
This ward is governed by an Alderman, his Deputy, ten Common Council
men, seventeen wardmote inquest men, nine scavengers, fifteen
constables, and a beadle; and the jurors returned by the wardmote
inquest serve in the several courts of Guildhall in the month of
November.
LANGDON’S _rents_, Bett’s street.
LANGLEY PARK, near Langley Green, in Buckinghamshire, belongs to the
Duke of Marlborough. The late Duke began to build a new house of stone
in this park, but one of the wings is yet wanting to compleat the
design, which is more remarkable for its elegance than grandeur.
LANGLEY _street_, 1. Long Acre.† 2. Whitecross street.†
LANG’S _court_, St. Martin’s lane.†
LASSINGBY’S _court_, Conduit court, Long Acre.†
LAST _alley_, 1. Cow Cross, West Smithfield.* 2. Whitechapel.*
LAST AND BALL _court_, London Wall.*
LATIMERS, a hamlet with a chapel of ease to Chesham in Bucks, received
its name from its ancient Lords. In this hamlet lived Sir Edwyn Sands,
whose daughter having four sons and nine daughters by her husband Sir
Thomas Temple, ancestor of the present Earl Temple, lived to see 700
descended from her, and died in 1656. The Lord James Cavendish has
here a seat.
LAVENDER _street_, near Cuckold’s Point.
LAUGHTON’S _rents_, Cinnamon street.†
_St._ LAWRENCE _Jewry_, on the north side of Cateaton street, in Cheap
ward, is thus denominated from its being dedicated to St. Lawrence, a
native of Huesca in the kingdom of Arragon in Spain, who, after having
suffered the most dreadful torments under the Emperor Valerian, was
cruelly broiled alive upon a gridiron, with a slow fire, till he died:
and it received the additional epithet of Jewry, from its situation
among the Jews, who formerly resided in the streets near that church;
to distinguish it from St. Lawrence Poultney, now demolished.
_Maitland._
This church being burnt, with many others, in the dreadful fire of
London in 1666, was rebuilt at the parish expence, with a very
considerable benefaction by Sir John Langham.
It is eighty-one feet long, sixty-eight broad, forty feet high to the
roof, and the steeple 130 feet high. The body is enlightened by two
series of windows, the lower ones large and uniform, and the upper
small. At the east end is a pediment with niches supported by
Corinthian columns. The tower, which is lofty, is terminated by a
balustrade with plain pinnacles, and within this balustrade rises a
kind of lanthorn, which supports the base of the spire.
This church is a vicarage in the gift of the Master and Scholars of
Baliol college in Oxford, and the profits of the Incumbent are much
augmented by the parish of St. Mary Magdalen Milk street being annexed
to it: he receives 120_l._ a year from the parish, and 20_l._ from
Baliol college.
LAWRENCE _lane_, 1. From Cheapside to Cateaton street, near the above
church. 2. High street, St. Giles’s. 3. New street Lambeth.
_St._ LAWRENCE _Poultney_, on the west side of St. Lawrence Poultney’s
lane, was so denominated from the above saint, and Mr. John Poultney,
who founded a college there; but the church being consumed in the
general conflagration in 1666, and not rebuilt, the parish was united
to that of St. Mary Abchurch.
LAWRENCE POULTNEY _hill_, Canon street.†
LAWRENCE POULTNEY _lane_, Canon street.†
LEAD OFFICE, in Ingram’s court, Fenchurch street. This office belongs to
a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King William and
Queen Mary in the year 1692, under the title of _The Governor and
Company for melting down lead with pit and sea coal_. By this patent
they are empowered to raise a joint stock for the effectual carrying
on the business of smelting, or drawing lead from the ore with sea
coal instead of wood.
This corporation is under the direction of a Governor, Deputy
Governor, and twelve Assistants. _Maitland._
LEADENHALL, a very large building of great antiquity in Leadenhall
street, with flat battlements leaded at the top, and a spacious square
in the middle. In this edifice are the warehouse for the selling of
leather, the Colchester baize hall, the meal warehouse, and the wool
hall.
LEADENHALL MARKET, the largest market in the city of London, and perhaps
in Europe, consists of five considerable squares, or courts, the first
of which opens by a large Gothic gate into Leadenhall street. This
court, which is surrounded by the buildings called Leadenhall, is
surrounded with sheds for butchers, tanners, &c. As there is but
little meat sold here except beef, this is called the Beef market.
This square is on Tuesday a market for leather; on Thursdays the
waggons from Colchester, and other parts, come with baize, &c. and the
felmongers with wool; on Fridays it is a market for raw hides, and on
Saturdays for beef.
Behind this market are two others separated by a range of buildings of
a considerable length, with shops and rooms on each side. In both
these are principally sold small meat, as mutton, veal, lamb, and
pork, and some of the shops sell beef. In the easternmost of these
markets is a market house supported on pillars, with vaults
underneath, and rooms above, with a clock and a bell tower, and
underneath are sold various sorts of provision. Beyond these is a very
spacious market for fowl. There is another called the Herb-market,
which has an entrance into Leadenhall street, but this does not
succeed. The passages into the above markets from Lime street and
Gracechurch street, are filled with the dealers in provisions of
various kinds.
LEADENHALL _street_ extends from the end of Cornhill, at the corner of
Gracechurch street, to Aldgate street within.
LEATHER _lane_, Holborn.
LEATHERDRESSERS _yard_, Paul’s Alley.
LEATHERHEAD, or LETHERHEAD, a small town in Surry, situated about four
miles to the S. W. of Epsom. It had formerly a market, which has been
discontinued above an hundred years. Here is a bridge over the river
Mole, which having sunk into the earth near Mickleham, at the foot of
Boxhill, rises again near this town, and runs through Cobham, to the
Thames at Moulsey. ’Tis pleasantly situated on a rising bank by the
side of the river, and in as good a situation for riding or hunting as
most within twenty miles of London, it having a fine, open, dry,
champaign country almost all round it.
LEATHERSELLERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by
Henry VI. in the Year 1442. They are governed by a Prime, and three
Wardens, with twenty-six Assistants, and an hundred and fifty-six
liverymen, who at their admission pay a fine of 20_l._ each.
By a grant of Henry VII. the Wardens of this corporation, or their
deputies, were impowered to have the inspection of sheeps, lambs, and
calves leather throughout the kingdom, in order the more effectually
to prevent frauds in those commodities.
LEATHERSELLERS _hall_ in Little St. Helen’s, was part of the convent of
nuns dedicated to St. Helen, and considering the antiquity of its
building, has some of the best joiners and plaisterers work in the
kingdom. The entrance into the common hall is up a handsome flight of
stone steps from the court yard. The screen is magnificently adorned
with six columns of the Ionic order, enrichments, &c. and the ceiling
enriched with fretwork.
_Boyle’s_ LECTURE. See the article BOYLE’S LECTURE.
LEE’S _Almshouse_, upon the Narrow Wall, Lambeth, was erected by Gerard
Van Lee; and Valentine Van Lee, who was probably his son, gave the
eight poor inhabitants of this house, the sum of 5_l._ _per annum_,
for the term of five hundred Years. _Maitland._
LEE’S _court_, 1. St. Catharine’s lane.† 2. Hockley in the Hole.†
LEE’S _street_, Red Lion square, Holborn.†
LEG _alley_, 1. Barnaby street.* 2. Long Acre.* 3. Shoreditch.* 4.
Tooley street.*
LEG _court_, Peter street, Westminster.*
_St._ LEGER’S _wharf_, Tooley street.†
LEGGET’S _walk_, Upper Ground.†
LEICESTER _fields_, a very handsome square, the inner part of which is
enclosed with iron rails, and adorned with grass plats and gravel
walks, in the center of which is an equestrian statue of his present
majesty gilt. The buildings with which this square is surrounded, are
very good, especially the north side, where is Leicester house, once
the seat of the Earl of Leicester, and now inhabited by her Royal
Highness the Princess Dowager of Wales. This is a large brick
building, neat and commodious, though not magnificent. It has a
spacious court before, and a fine garden behind it; there is here a
good collection of pictures; and from this house the square is
denominated. Next to this edifice is the house of Sir George Savile,
Bart. in which his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales resides at
present.
LEICESTER _street_, 1. By Leicester fields.☐ 2. Liquorpond street. 3.
Warwick street, Haymarket.
LEIGH’S _court_, St. Catharine’s lane.†
LEITH HILL, near Boxhill in Surry, admired for affording one of the
noblest prospects in all Europe, of which Mr. Dennis gives a lively
description in his Letters familiar, moral and critical; we shall
therefore transcribe his words. “In a late journey,” says he, “which I
took into the Wild of Sussex, I passed over an hill which shewed me a
more transporting sight than ever the country had shewn me before,
either in England or Italy. The prospects which in Italy pleased me
most, were that of the Valdarno from the Apennines; that of Rome, and
the Mediterranean from the mountains of Viterbo; of Rome at forty, and
the Mediterranean at fifty miles distance from it; and that of the
Campagne of Rome from Tivoli and Frescati; from which two places you
see every foot of that famous Campagne, even from the bottom of Tivoli
and Frescati to the very foot of the mountain of Viterbo, without any
thing to intercept your sight. But from an hill which I passed in my
late journey into Sussex, I had a prospect more extensive than any of
these, and which surpassed them at once in rural charms, in pomp, and
in magnificence. The hill which I speak of, is called Leith Hill, and
is about five miles southward from Darking, about six from Box Hill,
and near twelve from Epsom. It juts itself out about two miles beyond
that range of hills which terminate the north downs to the south. When
I saw from one of these hills, at about two miles distance that side
of Leith Hill which faces the northern downs, it appeared the
beautifullest prospect I had ever seen: but after we had conquered the
hill itself, I saw a sight that would transport a stoic; a sight that
looked like enchantment and vision. Beneath us lay open to our view
all the wilds of Surry and Sussex, and a great part of that of Kent,
admirably diversified in every part of them with woods, and fields of
corn and pastures, every where adorned with stately rows of trees.
“This beautiful vale is about thirty miles in breadth, and about sixty
in length, and is terminated to the south by the majestic range of the
southern hills, and the sea: and it is no easy matter to decide,
whether these hills, which appear at thirty, forty, fifty miles
distance, with their tops in the sky, seem more aweful and venerable,
or the delicious vale between you and them more inviting. About noon,
in a serene day, you may at thirty miles distance, see the very water
of the sea through a chasm of the mountains. And that which above all
makes it a noble and a wonderful prospect, is, that at the same time
that, at thirty miles distance, you behold the very water of the sea;
at the same time that you behold to the south, the most delicious
rural prospect in the world; at that very time, by a little turn of
your head towards the north, you look full over Box Hill, and see the
country beyond it, between that and London; and, over the very
stomacher of it, see St. Paul’s at twenty-five miles distance, and
London beneath it, and Highgate and Hampstead beyond it.”
LEMON _street_, 1. Goodman’s fields.† 2. Lowman’s Pond row, Southwark.†
LEMONTREE _yard_, Bedfordsbury.*
_St._ LEONARD’S _Eastcheap_, was dedicated to Leonard, a French saint,
and mighty miracle-monger, and stood on the east side of Fish street
hill, near Little Eastcheap; but being destroyed by the fire of London
in 1666, and not rebuilt, the parish is annexed to that of St.
Bennet’s Gracechurch street. _Maitland._
_St._ LEONARD’S _Foster lane_, was dedicated to the above-mentioned
saint, and stood on the west side of Foster lane, Cheapside; but
suffering in the fatal catastrophe of 1666, and not being rebuilt, the
parish is annexed to that of Christ’s Church.
_St._ LEONARD’S _Shoreditch_. There was a church in this place dedicated
to the same saint in very early times, and there are records of a
dispute concerning itz in the reign of Henry II. The last structure,
which was a very mean heavy pile, stood till the year 1735, when the
inhabitants having the year before applied to parliament, it was
pulled down, and the present light and elegant edifice was soon after
erected in its room. _Strype’s edit. of Stow._
To this church there is an ascent by a double flight of plain steps,
which lead to a portico of the angular kind supported by four Doric
columns, and bearing an angular pediment. The body of the edifice is
plain, but well enlightened, and the steeple light, elegant and lofty.
The tower at a proper height has a series of Ionic columns, and on
their entablature are scrolls which support as many Corinthian columns
placed on pedestals, and supporting a dome, from whose crown rises a
series of columns of the Composite order, on whose entablature rests
the spire standing upon four balls, which give it an additional air of
lightness; and on the top, as usual, is a ball and fane.
This church is both a rectory and a vicarage; but the distinct rights
of the Rector and Vicar are said to be not thoroughly ascertained;
however the profits of the vicarage amount to about 350_l._ a year.
LEOPARD _alley_, Saffron hill.*
LEOPARD’S _court_, Baldwin’s Gardens.
LESTER’S _yard_, Bluegate fields.†
LEVERIDGE’S _yard_, Nightingale lane.†
LEWISHAM, a town in Kent, situated on the river Ravensburn, between
Blackheath and Surry. Here are two free schools, of which the
Leathersellers company in London are Governors.
LEWIS’S _yard_, 1. Greenbank, Wapping.† 2. Saffron hill.†
LEYDON _street_, Shadwell market.†
LIDIER’S _court_, Saltpetre bank.†
LIFEGUARD _yard_, Oxford street.
LILLEY’S _alley_, Saffron hill.†
LILLIPOT _lane_, Noble street, Foster lane.†
LIMEHOUSE, was anciently a village above two miles distant from the city
of London, though it is now joined by a continued chain of buildings:
its original name was Limehurst, which has been corrupted to
Limehouse, This, according to Mr. Stow, is a Saxon word signifying a
grove of lime trees, and it was given to this village, on account of
the number of those trees anciently in that neighbourhood.
LIMEHOUSE _bridge_, Limehouse.
LIMEHOUSE _causeway_, Limehouse.
LIMEHOUSE _corner_, Limehouse.
LIMEHOUSE _dock_, Narrow street, Limehouse.
LIMEHOUSE _Fore street_, at the end of Ratcliff Narrow street.
LIMEHOUSE HOLE, Limehouse.
LIMEHOUSE HOLE _stairs_, Limehouse.
LIMEHOUSE HOLE _street_, Limehouse.
LIMEHOUSE _road_, White Horse street.
LIMEKILN _dock_, Limehouse.
LIMEKILN _hill_, Limehouse.
LIMEKILN _yard_, Limehouse.
LIME _street_, extends from Leadenhall street into Fenchurch street, and
is thus called from its being anciently a place where lime was either
made or sold. _Maitland._
LIME STREET _square_, Lime street.
LIME STREET WARD, is very small, and is bounded on the north and east by
Aldgate ward; on the south by Langbourn ward; and on the west, by
Bishopsgate ward. It is observable that there is no church, nor whole
street in this ward, though it runs through several parishes. Its
principal buildings are the East India House, and Leadenhall.
To this ward belong an Alderman and four Common Council men, including
the Deputy, four constables, two scavengers, sixteen wardmote inquest
men, and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the wardmote inquest serve
as jurors in the several courts in Guildhall, in the month of
November.
LIME TREE _court_, Narrow wall, Southwark.‡
LIMPSFIELD, a village near Croydon in Surry, in the Kent road.
LINCOLN’S INN, one of the four Inns of Court, is situated on the west
side of Chancery lane, where formerly stood the houses of the Bishop
of Chichester and of the Black Friars, the latter erected about the
year 1222, and the former about 1226; but both of them coming to Henry
Lacey, Earl of Lincoln, he built in their room a stately mansion for
his city residence. It however afterwards reverted to the bishopric of
Chichester, and was demised by Robert Sherbourn, Bishop of that see,
to Mr. William Syliard, a student there, for a term of years; after
the expiration of which Dr. Richard Sampson, his successor, in the
year 1536 passed the inheritance thereof to the said Syliard and
Eustace his brother; and the latter, in 1579, in consideration of the
sum of 500_l._ conveyed the house and gardens in fee to Richard
Kingsmill and the rest of the benchers.
The charge of admission into this house, including fees, amount to
5_l._ and every student, after studying there seven years, is admitted
to the bar. The members are obliged to be a fortnight in commons every
term, on the penalty of paying 18_s._ in case of absence. _Stow._
_Maitland._
Lincoln’s Inn principally consists of three rows of good buildings,
all taken up by gentlemen of the society. These form three sides of
the square, and here the buildings are all new and uniform, the north
side lying open to the gardens, which are greatly improved with gravel
walks, grass plats, rows of trees, and a very long terrace walk, which
affords a fine prospect of Lincoln’s Inn Fields. In the middle of the
square is a neat fluted Corinthian column in a small bason surrounded
with iron bars. This column supports a handsome sun dial, which has
four sides, and on the corners of the pedestal are four naked boys
spouting water out of Tritons’ shells. This is one of the neatest
squares in town, and tho’ it is imperfect on one side, that very
defect produces a beauty by giving a prospect of the gardens, which
are only separated from it by iron rails, and fill the space to
abundantly more advantage. No area is kept in better order for
cleanliness and beauty by day, or illuminations and decorum by night.
The fountain in the middle is a pretty decoration. The print
represents as much of the square as could be taken in the visual angle
at one view, with the fountain in the middle, as it appears coming
into it from Portugal row. This is one of the most considerable Inns
of Court possessed by the gentlemen of the law. Here is a good hall
and chapel of Gothic architecture. The latter was built by Inigo
Jones, who notwithstanding his skill and reputation in architecture,
could not persuade them to have it in any other stile.
The above gardens, which are extremely pleasant and commodious, are,
like those of Gray’s Inn, laid open for public use; the greatest part
of the west side of the square is taken up with the offices belonging
to the stamp duty. See STAMP OFFICE.
A little behind the north east side of the square is the above chapel,
which was built about the year 1622 or 1623, on pillars, with an
ambulatory or walk underneath, paved with broad stones. This walk,
particularly when illuminated by the lamps, inspires the mind with a
kind of melancholy pleasure, that may be better felt than described.
The outside of the chapel is a good piece of Gothic architecture, and
the windows are painted with the figures at full length of the
principal personages mentioned in the sacred Scriptures. On the twelve
windows on the north side, are Abraham, Moses, Eli, David, and the
prophets Daniel, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Amos, and Zachariah, with
John the Baptist, and St. Paul, and on the south side are the rest of
the Apostles. Under these figures are the arms of a great number of
the gentlemen belonging to this society. The colours in these
paintings being extremely bright and beautiful, it is not at all
surprizing that these pictures on glass should be much admired, though
the designs are in reality but poor, and there is little expression in
the faces.
In the old buildings fronting the garden beyond the square, is the
library, which consists of a good collection of books in several
languages and faculties.
[Illustration:
_S. Wale delin._ _J. Fougeron sculp._
_Lincoln’s Inn._
]
LINCOLN’S INN FIELDS, is universally allowed to be the largest, and one
of the most beautiful squares in London, if not in Europe. It is
encompassed on three sides by houses, and on the east by the wall of
the terrace of Lincoln’s Inn garden. The north side is called Newman’s
row, the west side Arch row, the south side Portugal row, and the east
side Lincoln’s Inn wall. This square was originally laid out by the
masterly hand of Inigo Jones, and it is said that the sides of it are
the exact measure of the great Pyramid of Egypt. It was intended to
have been built all in the same stile; but there were not a sufficient
number of people of taste, to accomplish so great a work. The house
which was late the Duke of Ancaster’s, is built on this model; but
elevated and improved so as to make it more suitable to the quality of
the owner. It has that simple grandeur which characterises all the
designs of the celebrated Inigo Jones. The print here given of it may
serve to convey some idea not only of this particular house, but of
the noble appearance which the whole square would have made had it
been all built after this fine design.
Some of the houses however in this square are grand and noble, but
they are far from having that beauty which arises from uniformity. The
square is now adorned with a fine bason in the middle, well supplied
with water; and with grass plats and gravel walks, encompassed with an
iron pallisade fixed upon a stone plinth, at a proper distance from
the buildings.
LINCOLN’S INN _gate_, on the south side of Lincoln’s Inn square.
LINCOLN’S INN _passage_, on the west side of Lincoln’s Inn square.
LINTON’S _court_, Near New Gravel lane.†
LINTON’S _lane_, Newington Butts.†
LINTON’S _yard_, Milk yard, Shadwell.†
LION AND LAMB _alley_, Golden lane.*
LION’S _court_, Lutener’s Lane.†
LION’S INN, anciently a common Inn, with the sign of the Lion, is one of
the Inns in Chancery, and is situated between Holiwell street and Wych
street. It is a member of the Inner Temple, and is governed by a
Treasurer and twelve Ancients, who with the other members are to be
three weeks in commons in Michaelmas term, and a fortnight in each of
the rest. _Chamberlain’s Present State._ _Maitland._
LION’S INN _court_, Lion’s Inn.*
LION’S _key_, Thames street.†
LION’S _street_, Bloomsbury.†
LION’S _yard_, Whitecross street.†
LIQUORPOND _street_, Leather lane.
LISLE _street_, Prince’s street, Soho.†
LISSHAM _Green_, a pleasant village near Paddington.
LITCHFIELD _street_, Soho.
LITTLE ALMONRY, by the Great Almonry, Westminster; so named from the
alms given there. See the next article.
LITTLE ALMONRY _Almshouse_, situated in the Little Almonry, was founded
by Henry VII. for the accommodation of twelve poor watermen and their
wives, who annually receive of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster
7_l._ 2_s._ 4_d._ each couple, with a purple gown every other year;
and for the burial of a Duke, Marquis, or their Ladies in the Abbey,
1_l._ 6_s._ 6_d._ and for that of an Earl, Baron, or their Ladies,
10_s._ 6_d._
LITTLE _St._ ANDREW’S _street_, Seven Dials.
LITTLE _St._ ANN’S _lane_, 1. Old Pye street. 2. Peter street,
Westminster.
LITTLE ARGYLE _street_, Argyle street, Great Marlborough street.†
LITTLE ARTHUR _street_, Great Arthur street, Goswell street.†
LITTLE ASHENTREE _court_, Water lane.‡
LITTLE AYLIFF _street_, Goodman’s Fields.†
LITTLE BACON _street_, Brick lane.†
LITTLE BAILEY _street_, Little Tower hill.†
LITTLE BANDYLEG _walk_, Queen street.
LITTLE BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE, Little Britain.
LITTLE BEAR _key_, Thames street. See BEAR _key_.
LITTLE BELL _alley_, 1. Coleman street.* 2. Grub street.*
LITTLE BENNET’S _court_, Marygold court.†
LITTLE BLACK HORSE _court_, Aldersgate street.
LITTLE BOOTH _street_, Coverley’s fields.
LITTLE BOSS _alley_, Thames street.
LITTLE BRICK _lane_, Nicol’s street.
LITTLE BRIDGES _street_, Bridges street.†
LITTLE BRITAIN, extends from Aldersgate street to Duck lane. This was
anciently called Britain street, from the Duke of Britany’s palace
situated in it near St. Botolph’s church.
LITTLE BROAD _street_, Broad street, London wall.
LITTLE BROOK’S _street_, Grosvenor square.†
LITTLE BUSH _lane_, Thames street.
LITTLE BUR _street_, Nightingale lane, East Smithfield.†
LITTLE CABLE _street_, 1. Cable street, Rag Fair.† 2. Wellclose square.†
LITTLE CARTER _lane_, Old Change.†
LITTLE CASTLE _street_, Winsley street.*
LITTLE CATHARINE _street_, In the Strand.
LITTLE CHANDOS _street_, St. Martin’s lane.
LITTLE CHAPEL _street_, 1. Great Wardour street. 2. By New Chapel
street, Westminster.
LITTLE CHEAPSIDE, Three Cranes, Thames street.
LITTLE CHEAPSIDE _yard_, Three Crane alley.
LITTLE COCK _alley_, 1. Redcross street, Cripplegate.* 2. Whitecross
street, Cripplegate.*
LITTLE COCK _hill_, Ratcliff.†
LITTLE _court_, 1. Duke’s Place, by Aldgate. 2. St. Mary Overies church
yard.
LITTLE CROW _alley_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
LITTLE CROWDER’S WELL _alley_, Jewin street.
LITTLE CROWN _alley_, Long Alley, Moorfields.*
LITTLE DEAN’S _court_, St. Martin’s le Grand.
LITTLE DEAN’S _yard_, Dean’s Yard, Westminster.
LITTLE DICE _key_, Thames street.
LITTLE DISTAFF _lane_, Old Change.
LITTLE DRURY _lane_, in the Strand.
LITTLE DUKE’S PLACE, or _court_, Leadenhall street.
LITTLE DUNNING’S _alley_, near Bishopsgate street.†
LITTLE EARL _street_, Seven Dials.†
LITTLE EASTCHEAP, Gracechurch street.
LITTLE ELBOW _lane_, 1. In Great Elbow lane, Thames street. 2. Ratcliff.
LITTLE ESSEX _street_, Essex street, in the Strand.
LITTLE FLOWER DE LUCE _court_, Cowcross.*
LITTLE FRIARS _gate_, Fleet street, leading to White Friars.
LITTLE FRIDAY _street_, Friday street, Cheapside.
LITTLE GEORGE _street_, 1. Great George street, Conduit street. 2. Great
George street, Spitalfields.
LITTLE GLOUCESTER _court_, Chequer alley, Whitecross street.
LITTLE GLOUCESTER _street_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.
LITTLE GRAY’S INN _lane_, Gray’s Inn lane, Holborn.
LITTLE GREENWICH, Aldersgate street.
LITTLE GREENWICH _alley_, Aldersgate street.
LITTLE GROSVENOR _street_, Grosvenor square.
LITTLE GUN _alley_, Orchard, Wapping.*
LITTLE HART _street_, near Covent Garden.
LITTLE _St._ HELEN’S, Bishopsgate street. See _St._ HELEN’S.
LITTLE _St._ HELEN’S _Almshouse_, was erected by the Leathersellers
company, pursuant to the will of John Hasilwood, of Waltham, Esq; in
the year 1544, for the reception of four men and three women, who were
allowed by the founder only 8_d._ per week each; but by other
benefactions, and the bounty of the company, they now receive 2_s._
weekly, and six bushels of coals at Christmas. _Maitland._
LITTLE _St._ HELEN’S _court_, Bishopsgate street within.
LITTLE HERMITAGE _street_, Wapping.
LITTLE HOLLIS’S _street_, Hanover square.†
LITTLE HOWARD’S _yard_, Angel alley.†
LITTLE JERMAIN _street_, St. James’s street.
LITTLE JOHN’S _street_, Davis’s street.
LITTLE ISLAND, New Gravel lane.
LITTLE IVY _lane_, Ivy lane.‡
LITTLE KING’S HEAD _court_, near Shoe lane, Fleet street.
LITTLE KING’S _street_, St. James’s street.
LITTLE KIRBY _street_, Hatton garden.†
LITTLE KNIGHTRIDER _street_, Great Knightrider street, by Addle hill.
LITTLE LAMB _alley_, Blackman street.*
LITTLE LAST _alley_, East Smithfield.*
LITTLE LOMBARD _street_, Lombard street, by the Mansion house.
LITTLE LOVE _lane_, Wood street, Cheapside.
LITTLE MADDOX _street_, New Bond street.
LITTLE MARLBOROUGH _street_, Carnaby street.
LITTLE MARSH _yard_, near Wapping.
LITTLE _St._ MARTIN’S _lane_, Charing Cross.
LITTLE MATCH _walk_, Upper Shadwell.
LITTLE MAYPOLE _alley_, St. Margaret’s hill.
LITTLE MAZEPOND _street_, in the Maze.
LITTLE MINORIES, that part of the Minories which is railed in, and is
out of the city liberties. See the article MINORIES.
LITTLE MINORIES _court_, Little Minories.
LITTLE MITCHELL’S _street_, Old street.†
LITTLE MONTAGUE _court_, Little Britain.
LITTLE MONTAGUE _street_, 1. Crispin street, Spitalfields. 2. Pelham
street.
LITTLE MOORFIELDS, Fore street, Moorgate.
LITTLE MOOR _yard_, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.†
LITTLE MOUSE _alley_, East Smithfield.
LITTLE NEW _court_, Lamb alley.
LITTLE NEWPORT _street_, Great Newport lane.
LITTLE NEW _street_, New street, Shoe lane.
LITTLE NEW STREET _hill_, near Shoe lane.
LITTLE NIGHTINGALE _lane_, Burr street.
LITTLE NORTHUMBERLAND _alley_, Crutched Friars.
LITTLE NOTTINGHAM _street_, Dyot street.
LITTLE OLD BAILEY, Great Old Bailey.
LITTLE ORMOND _street_, 1. Southampton row. 2. Red Lion street, Holborn.
LITTLE ORMOND _yard_, Ormond street.
LITTLE PEARL _street_, Lamb street, Spitalfields.*
LITTLE PETER _street_, 1. Little Windmill street. 2. Tufton street.
LITTLE PORTLAND _street_, Portland street.
LITTLE PRESCOT _street_, Goodman’s fields.†
LITTLE PRINCE’S _street_, 1. Near High Holborn. 2. Old Soho.
LITTLE QUEEN _street_, 1. Dean street, Soho. 2. High Holborn. 3. King
street, Rotherhith. 4. Queen street, Wapping. 5. Westminster.
LITTLE RIDER’S _court_, Little Newport street.†
LITTLE RIDER _street_, St. James’s street.†
LITTLE ROPE _walk_, Goswell street.
LITTLE RUSSEL _street_, 1. Bloomsbury. 2. Drury lane.
LITTLE RUTLAND _court_, Addle hill.
LITTLE SANCTUARY, King street, Westminster.
LITTLE SCOTLAND _yard_, Whitehall.
LITTLE SHEER _lane_, Sheer lane, Temple bar.
LITTLE SMITH _street_, Smith street, Marsham street.†
LITTLE SPRING _street_, Spring street, Shadwell.
LITTLE STAR _alley_, Mark lane.*
LITTLE STONE _stairs_, Ratcliff.
LITTLE SUFFOLK _street_, Haymarket.
LITTLE SWALLOW _street_, Swallow street.
LITTLE SWAN _alley_, 1. Coleman street.* 2. Goswell street.* 3. Mount
Mill.* 4. St. John’s street, West Smithfield.* 5. Three colts yard,
London Wall.*
LITTLE SWORDBEARERS _alley_, Chiswell street.
LITTLE _St._ THOMAS APOSTLE’S _lane_, Queen street, Cheapside.
LITTLE THOMPSON’S _rents_, Half Moon alley, Coleman street.†
LITTLE THREE TUN _alley_, Near Whitechapel.*
LITTLE TOWER HILL, At the bottom of the Minories.
LITTLE TOWER _street_, At the west end of Tower street.
LITTLE TRINITY _lane_, In Trinity lane, Bow lane.
LITTLE TURNSTILE _alley_, High Holborn.
LITTLE TWYFORD’S _alley_, St. Ermin’s hill.†
LITTLE VINE _street_, Vine street.*
LITTLE WARDOUR _street_, Tweed street.
LITTLE WARNER _street_, Cold Bath fields.†
LITTLE WARWICK _street_, Cockspur street.
LITTLE WHITE BEAR _court_, Black Friars.*
LITTLE WHITE LION _street_, Seven Dials.*
LITTLE WILD _street_, Great Wild street.†
LITTLE WINCHESTER _street_, London Wall.
LITTLE WINDMILL _street_, Near Cambridge street.
LITTLE WOOD _street_, Cripplegate.
LITTLE YORK _street_, Cock lane, Shoreditch.
LITTLETON _street_, Golden lane.†
LITTON _street_, Golden lane.†
LLOYD’S _court_, 1. Denmark street, Soho.† 2. Hog lane, St. Giles’s.†
LLOYD’S _street_, Prince’s street, Soho.†
LLOYD’S _yard_, Skinner’s street.†
LOCK HOSPITAL, near Hyde Park Corner, for the cure of the venereal
disease. This charitable foundation was established, and is still
supported by the voluntary contributions of gentlemen, who have had
the humanity to consider, that pain and misery, however produced,
entitle frail mortals to relief from their fellow creatures. They
therefore, in imitation of the munificence of the Almighty, who causes
his sun to shine on the evil and the good, afford relief equally to
the innocent and the guilty.
Patients were first received into this hospital on the 31st of January
1747, since which time to the 10th of March 1752, there were
discharged from it 1432; besides those who received benefit from it,
by being out-patients; and the in-patients cured from the 10th of
March 1752, to the 10th of March 1753, amounted to 308; besides
twenty-one cured as out-patients. In that year four died, and at that
last period, there were forty patients in the house, and five
out-patients.
Among the above unhappy objects were several married women, children
and infants, many of whom were admitted by the weekly committee, even
without any other recommendation than their distress, they being
almost naked, pennyless and starving. The virtuous, the humane reader
will be astonished at reading, that at the end of the above period,
among the other miserable objects who found relief, were upwards of
sixty children from two to ten or twelve years old, who became
infected from ways little suspected by the generality of mankind; from
the absurd opinion, imbibed by the lower class, both males and
females, that by communicating this loathsome disease to one that is
sound, they will get rid of it themselves; and from this principle,
which is contradicted by daily experience, the most horrid acts of
barbarity have been frequently committed on poor little infants; and
thus these vile wretches have entailed the most dreadful disease on
these innocent infants, without affording the least relief to
themselves. This the Governors have thought their duty to publish, in
order, as much as possible, to root out from among mankind an opinion
at once so base, so false, and productive of such cruelty.
From the above account of the happy success of this charity, its great
usefulness must appear extremely obvious to every humane well disposed
person: and many such may be induced to contribute to it, when they
are informed that any sum not less than a guinea a year, will be
acceptable.
Every gentleman subscribing 5_l._ a year, or upwards, is a Governor of
this hospital; and whoever gives a benefaction of 50_l._ at one time,
is a Governor for life: but no Governor above two years in arrear, can
have any power or privilege as a Governor, till he has paid his
arrears.
A committee of at least five of the Governors meet every Saturday
morning at ten o’clock, to admit and discharge patients, adjust the
weekly accounts, receive the reports of the visitors, and examine the
affairs of the house.
Two of the contributors are appointed weekly by the committee to
examine every day into the behaviour of the patients and nurses, and
make their report, as it shall appear to them, at the next weekly
board.
The orders of the house are:
I. That no patient is to be admitted but who brings a recommendation
in writing, signed by a Governor, or one of the weekly committee.
II. That all recommendations for the admission of patients are
received every Saturday morning till eleven o’clock.
III. Every patient is obliged to submit to the rules and orders of the
house, or be discharged for irregularity.
IV. No person discharged for irregularity, can ever be received into
the house again, on any recommendation whatsoever.
V. That no Governor have more than one patient in the house at a time;
and that a preference be always given to those who subscribe the
largest sums, so far as the case of the patient will admit.
VI. That no nurse, or any other person belonging to this hospital, do
presume to take any reward whatsoever from any patient, either at
their admission, continuance in the house, or discharge out of it, on
pain of being immediately expelled, by order of the next weekly board.
VII. That no security at the admission of any patient be required for
his burial; but when any patient dies in the hospital, he or she shall
be buried at the expence of the society, unless it be otherwise
desired by the friends of the deceased.
The contributors are desired to send their subscriptions to the
Treasurer at the weekly board, held every Saturday morning in the
hospital; and in order to supply the current expence of the charity,
the subscribers are requested to pay their annual subscriptions in
advance.
There is a poor’s box in the public hall, for the reception of small
sums, or from such as are not willing to have their names inserted in
the list of subscribers.
LOCK HOSPITAL, at the south east corner of Kent street, in Southwark,
was anciently a house for the reception and cure of lepers: but at
present it belongs to St. Bartholomew’s hospital in this city, and
with the Lock at Kingsland, is appropriated to the cure of venereal
patients.
It is a small neat edifice, and has been lately rebuilt. It has a row
of trees before, and a garden behind, with a wall next the street. At
the south end is the chapel, built about an hundred and twenty years
ago.
LOCK HOSPITAL, at Kingsland. See KINGSLAND.
LOCKWOOD’S _yard_, Saffron hill.†
LODISE’S _alley_, Saltpetre Bank.†
LODISE’S _court_, Saltpetre Bank.†
LOGSDOWN _yard_, Middle row, Holborn.
LOLLARDS TOWER, the southernmost of two stone towers which stood at the
west of St. Paul’s cathedral before the fire of London; which being
used as the Bishop of London’s prison for such as were found guilty of
the supposed crime of maintaining opinions contrary to the faith of
the church of Rome, and many of the followers of Wickliff, who were
called Lollards, being here imprisoned, it obtained the name of the
Lollards Tower. Among these persecuted people were Mr. Richard Hunne,
a citizen of London, a person well beloved, and of a fair character,
who in the year 1515 was imprisoned here, under the pretence of having
Wickliff’s bible; tho’ the occasion of his ruin was a dispute he had
with a clerk about a mortuary, which was made the cause of the whole
clergy. This man however submitted to the Bishop’s correction, upon
which he ought to have been enjoined penance and set at liberty; but
he was found hanging in his chamber, with his neck broken; and the
Bishop’s sumner owned that he, with Dr. Horsey the Bishop’s
chancellor, and the bell-ringer, had committed the murder. Upon this
the coroner’s inquest proceeded to trial; but the Bishop began a new
process against the dead body for heresy, and his persecutors not
satisfied with having him murdered, caused the corpse to be burnt in
Smithfield. _Maitland._
LOLLARDS TOWER, at Lambeth. See LAMBETH.
LOMBARD _court_, 1. Seven Dials. 2. West street, Soho.
LOMBARD _street_, 1. On the back of Cornhill, extends from the mansion
house of the Lord Mayor, to Gracechurch street. Lombard street was
anciently, as well as at present, inhabited by bankers, the first of
whom were Italians chiefly from Lombardy, whence the word Lombards
became anciently applied to all bankers, and this street retained the
name of Lombards or Bankers street. _Stow._ 2. In Coverley’s fields.
3. In White Friars. 4. In the Mint, Southwark.
_The End of the_ THIRD VOLUME.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
● Transcriber’s Notes:
○ Some of the illustrations have been moved to be closer to their
descriptions.
○ The decorative line that separates chapters was missing from
chapter “L”. Perhaps because it is the only chapter, after the
first, that begins at the top of a page. The decorative line from
an earlier chapter was used.
○ There is no section for streets and buildings beginning with the
letter “I”. They are mixed in with the “J”s.
○ Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected.
○ Typographical errors were silently corrected.
○ Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only
when a predominant form was found in this book.
○ The use of a carat (^) before one or more letters shows they were
intended to be superscripts, as in S^t Bartholomew or L^{d.}
Egemont.
○ Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).
*** End of this LibraryBlog Digital Book "London and Its Environs Described, vol. 3 (of 6) - Containing an Account of whatever is most remarkable for - Grandeur, Elegance, Curiosity or Use" ***
Copyright 2023 LibraryBlog. All rights reserved.