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Title: Notes and Queries, Number 199, August 20, 1853 _ A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc
Author: Various
Language: English
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AUGUST 20, 1853 ***
Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
are listed at the end of the text.
* * * * *
{165}
NOTES AND QUERIES:
A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
* * * * *
="When found, make a note of."=--Captain Cuttle.
* * * * *
No. 199.]
SATURDAY, AUGUST 20. 1853.
[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5_d._
CONTENTS.
NOTES:-- Page
Bacon's Essays, by Markby 165
Bishop Burnet, H. Wharton, and Smith 167
Early Philadelphia Directories 168
Shakspeare Correspondence 168
Mottos of the Emperors of Germany, by Joshua G. Fitch 170
Poems by Miss Delaval 171
MINOR NOTES:--The Rights of Women--Green Pots
used for drinking from by Members of the Temple--Quarles
and Pascal--Offer to intending Editors--Head-dress 171
QUERIES:--
MINOR QUERIES:--Fox-hunting--Broderie Anglaise--"The
Convent," an Elegy--Memorial of Newton--Mammon--Derivation of
Wellesley--The Battle of Cruden: a Query for Copenhagen
Correspondents--Ampers and--The Myrtle Bee--Henry Earl of
Wotton--Connexion between the Celtic and Latin Languages--Queen
Anne's Motto--Anonymous Books 172
MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Major André--"The
Fatal Mistake"--Anonymous Plays--High Commission Court 174
REPLIES:--
Rosicrucians 175
Searson's Poems 176
"From the Sublime to the Ridiculous," &c., by Henry H. Breen 177
Passage in the Burial Service, by Geo. A. Trevor and John Booker 177
Patrick's Purgatory, by William Blood 178
Lord William Russell 179
Oaken Tombs, &c. 179
"Could we with ink," &c., by the Rev. Moses Margoliouth, &c. 180
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Washing or not
washing Collodion Pictures after developing, previous
to fixing--Stereoscopic Angles--Sisson's Developing
Solution 181
REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Robert Drury--Real
Signatures _versus_ Pseudo-Names--Lines on the
Institution of the Garter--"Short red, God red," &c.--Martha
Blount--Longevity--Its--Oldham, Bishop of Exeter--Boom--Lord
North--Dutch Pottery--Cranmer's Correspondences--Portable
Altars--Poem attributed to Shelley--Lady Percy, Wife of Hotspur
(Daughter of Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March)--"Up, guards, and
at them!"--Pennycomequick--Captain Booth of Stockport--"Hurrah,"
&c.--Detached Belfry Towers--Blotting-paper--Riddles for
the Post-Office--Mulciber 181
MISCELLANEOUS:--
Notes on Books, &c. 185
Books and Odd Volumes wanted 186
Notices to Correspondents 186
Advertisements 186
* * * * *
Notes.
BACON'S ESSAYS, BY MARKBY.
(_Continued from_ Vol. viii., p. 144.)
Essay XXIX. Of the true Greatness of Kingdoms.--
"The speech of Themistocles."] See Plut. _Them._ 2., _Cimon_, 9.
"Negotiis pares."] An expression of Tacitus. In _Ann._ vi. 39., he says
of Poppæus Sabinus: "Maximis provinciis per quatuor et viginti annos
impositus; nullam ob eximiam artem, sed quod _par negotiis_ neque supra
erat." Again, in _Ann._ xvi. 18. of C. Petronius: "Proconsul Bithyniæ, et
mox consul, vigentem se ac _parem negotiis_ ostendit."
"As Virgil saith, 'It never troubles the wolf how many the sheep be.'"]
Lord Bacon, as Mr. Markby observes, evidently alludes to the following
verses of Eclogue vii.:
"Hic tantum Boreæ curamus frigora, quantum
Aut numerum lupus, aut torrentia flumina ripas."
The meaning is, however, doubtless correctly explained by Heyne: "Ut
numerato pecori parcat." "Quia solam considerat lupus prædam," says
Servius. The sense of the passage is, that after the shepherd has "told
his tale," after he has counted his sheep, the wolf does not care how
much he deranges the reckoning.
For the advice of Parmenio to attack Darius by night, and the refusal of
Alexander to steal the victory, see Arrian, _Exp. Alex._ iii. 10.; Plut.
_Alex._ 31., _Curt._ iv. 13.
"Neither is money the sinews of war, as it is trivially said."] "Nervi
belli, pecunia infinita," Cic. _Phil._ v. 2. Machiavel, like Bacon,
questions the truth of this dictum, _Disc._ ii. 10.
"Solon said well to Crœsus (when in ostentation he showed him his gold),
'Sir, if any other come that hath better iron than you, he will be master
of all this gold.'"] This saying is not in Herodotus, or in Plutarch's
Life of Solon. Query, In what ancient author is it to be found?
"Even as you may see in coppice-woods; if you leave your staddles too
thick, you shall never have clean underwood, but shrubs and bushes."]
The same illustration is used by Lord Bacon, in {166} his _History of
Henry VII._: "Like to coppice-woods, that, if you leave in them staddles
too thick, they will run to bushes and briars, and have little clean
underwood" (vol. iii. p. 236., ed. Montagu). The word _staddle_ means an
uncut tree in a coppice, left to grow. Thus Tusser says, "Leave growing
for staddles the likest and best." See Richardson in v., and Nares'
_Glossary_ in _Staddle_, where other meanings of the word are explained.
"The device of King Henry VII."] See Lord Bacon's _History_, ib. p. 234.
"Nay, it seemeth at this instant they [the Spaniards] are sensible of
this want of natives; as by the Pragmatical Sanction, now published,
appeareth."] To what law does Lord Bacon allude?
"Romulus, after his death (as they report or feign), sent a present to
the Romans, that above all they should intend arms, and then they should
prove the greatest empire of the world."] See Livy, i. 16., where Romulus
is described as giving this message to Proculus Julius. A similar message
is reported in Plut. _Rom._ 28.
"No man can by caretaking (as the Scripture saith) add a cubit to his
stature."] See Matt. vi. 27.
Essay XXX. Of Regimen of Health.--See _Antith._, No. 4. vol. viii. p. 355.
Essay XXXI. Of Suspicion.--See _Antith._, No. 45. vol. viii. p. 377.
Essay XXXII. Of Discourse.--
"I knew two noblemen of the west part of England," &c.] Query, Who are
the noblemen referred to?
Essay XXXIII. Of Plantations.--
"When the world was young it begat more children; but now it is old it
begets fewer."] This idea is taken from the ancients. Thus Lucretius:
"Sed quia finem aliquam pariendi debet habere,
Destitit, ut mulier spatio defessa vetusto."
V. 823-4.
"Consider likewise, what commodities the soil where the plantation is
doth naturally yield, that they may some way help to defray the charge
of the plantation; so it be not, as was said, to the untimely prejudice
of the main business, _as it hath fared with tobacco in Virginia_."] On
the excessive cultivation of tobacco by the early colonists of Virginia,
see Grahame's _History of North America_, vol. i. p. 67. King James's
objection to tobacco is well known.
"But _moil_ not too much underground."] This old word, for _to toil, to
labour_, has now become provincial.
"In _marish_ and unwholesome grounds."] _Marish_ is here used in its
original sense, as the adjective of _mere_. Spenser and Milton use it as
a substantive; whence the word _marsh_.
"It is the guiltiness of blood of many _commiserable_ persons."] No
instance of the word _commiserable_ is cited in the Dictionaries from any
other writer than Bacon.
Essay XXXIV. Of Riches.--See _Antith._, No. 6. vol. viii. p. 356.
"In sudore vultûs alieni."] Gen. iii. 19.
"The fortune in being the first in an invention, or in a privilege,
doth cause sometimes a wonderful overgrowth in riches, _as it was
with the first sugar-man in the Canaries_."] When was the growth of
sugar introduced into the Canaries? To what does Bacon allude? It does
not appear that sugar is now grown in these islands; at least it is
enumerated among their imports, and not among their exports.
Essay XXXV. Of Prophecies.--
"Henry VI. of England said of Henry VII., when he was a lad and gave
him water, 'This is the lad that shall enjoy the crown for which we
strive.'"] Query, Is this speech reported by any earlier writer?
"When I was in France I heard from one Dr. Pena, that the queen-mother,
who was given to curious arts, caused the king her husband's nativity
to be calculated under a false name, and the astrologer gave a judgment
that he should be killed in a duel; at which the queen laughed, thinking
her husband to be above challenges and duels; but he was slain upon a
course at tilt, the splinters of the staff of Montgomery going in at
his beaver."] The king here alluded to is Henri II., who was killed at
a tournament in 1559; his queen was Catherine de Medici. Bacon's visit
to France was in 1576-9 (_Life_, by Montagu, p. xvi.), during the reign
of Henri III., when Catherine of Medici was queen-mother. Query, Is this
prophecy mentioned in any French writer?
"Octogesimus octavus mirabilis annus." Concerning the prophecy which
contained this verse, see Bayle, _Dict._, art. _Stofler_, note E: art.
_Bruschius_, note E.
Essay XXXVII. Of Masques and Triumphs.--
"The colours that show best by candlelight are white, carnation, and a
kind of sea-water green; and _oes_, or spangs, as they are of no great
cost, so they are of most glory." Mr. Markby says that Montagu and Spiers
take the liberty of altering the word _oes_ to _ouches_. Halliwell, in
his _Dictionary_, explains _oes_ to mean _eyes_, citing one manuscript
example. This would agree tolerably with the sense of the passage before
us. _Ouches_ would mean _jewels_.
Essay XXXVIII. Of Nature in Men.--See _Antith._, No. 10. vol. viii. p.
459.
"Optimus ille _animi_ vindex," &c.] "Ille _fuit_ vindex" in Ovid.
{167}
"Like as it was with Æsop's damsel, turned from a cat to a woman."] See
Babrius, Fab. 32.
"Otherwise they may say, 'Multum incola fuit anima mea.'" Whence are
these words borrowed?
Essay XXXIX. Of Custom and Education.--See _Antith._, No. 10. vol. viii.
p. 359.
"Only superstition is now so well advanced, that men of the first blood
are as firm as butchers by occupation, and votary resolution is made
equipollent to custom, even in matter of blood."] This is an allusion to
the Gunpowder Plot.
"The Indian wives strive to be burnt with the corpse of their husbands."]
The practice of suttee is of great antiquity. See Strabo, xv. 1. § 30.
62.; Val. _Max._ ii. 6. 14.
"The lads of Sparta, of ancient time, were wont to be scourged upon the
altar of Diana, without so much as _queching_."] To _queche_ here means
to _squeak_.
"Late learners cannot so well _take the ply_."] To _take the ply_ is
to bend according to the pressure; to be flexible and docile under
instruction.
Essay XL. Of Fortune.--See _Antith._, No. 11. vol. viii. p. 359.
"Serpens, nisi serpentem comederit, non fit draco."] What is the origin
of this saying?
The character of Cato the elder, cited from Livy, is in xxxix. 40.; but
the words are quoted _memoriter_, and do not agree exactly with the
original.
For the anecdote of Timotheus, see "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 493.
Essay XLII. Of Youth and Age.--See _Antith._, No. 3. vol. viii. p. 355.
"Hermogenes the rhetorician, whose books are exceedingly subtle, who
afterwards waxed stupid."] Hermogenes of Tarsus, who lived in the reign
of Marcus Aurelius, wrote some able rhetorical works while he was still
a young man; but at the age of twenty-five fell into a state of mental
imbecility, from which he never recovered.
"Scipio Africanus, of whom Livy saith in elect, 'Ultima primis
cedebant.'"] The allusion is to Ovid, _Heroid._ ix. 23-4.:
"Cœpisti melius quam desinis: ultima primis
Cedunt: dissimiles hic vir et ille puer."
Essay XLIII. Of Beauty.--See _Antith._, No. 2. vol. viii. p. 354.
"A man cannot tell whether Apelles or Albert Durer were the more trifler;
whereof the one would make a personage by geometrical proportions,
the other by taking the best parts out of divers faces to make one
excellent."] With regard to Apelles, Lord Bacon probably alludes to the
story of Zeuxis in Cic. _De Inv._ ii. 1.
"Pulcrorum autumnus pulcher."] Query, What is the source of this
quotation?
Essay XLVI. Of Gardens.--
Many of the names of plants in this Essay require illustration.
_Gennitings_ appear to be broom, from _genista_; _quodlins_ are codlings,
a species of apple; _wardens_ are a species of pear, concerning which
see Hudson's _Domestic Architecture of the Thirteenth Century_, p. 137.
_Bullaces_ are explained by Halliwell to be a small black and tartish
plum, growing wild in some parts of the country.
"My meaning is perceived, that you may have _ver perpetuum_, as the place
affords."] The allusion, probably, is to Virgil, _Georg._ ii. 149.:
"Hic ver assiduum, atque alienis mensibus æstas."
"Little low hedges, round, like _welts_, with some pretty pyramids, I
like well."] A _welt_ was the turned-over edge of a garment.
"Abeunt studia in mores."] From Ovid's Epistle of Sappho to Phaon, _Ep._
xv. 83.
"Let him study the schoolmen, for they are _cymini sectores_."] The word
κυμινοπρίστης is applied in Aristot., _Eth. Nic._ iv. 3., to a miserly
person; one who saves cheeseparings and candle-ends.
Essay LII. Of Ceremonies and Respects.--See _Antith._, No. 34. vol. viii.
p. 371.
"It doth much add to a man's reputation, and is (as Queen Isabella saith)
like perpetual letters commendatory, to have good forms."] Query, Which
Queen Isabella was the author of this saying?
Essay LIII. Of Praise.--See _Antith._, No. 10. vol. viii. p. 358.
"Pessimum genus inimicorum laudantium."] From Tacit. _Agric._ c. 41.,
where the words are: "Pessimum inimicorum genus, laudantes." _Laudantium_
for _laudantes_ in the text of Bacon is an error.
Essay LIV. Of Vain-glory.--See _Antith._, No. 19. vol. viii. p. 364.
Essay LVI. Of Judicature.--
"Judges ought to remember that their office is _jus dicere_, and not _jus
dare_."] Compare Aph. 44. and 46., in the eighth book _De Augmentis_.
L.
* * * * *
BISHOP BURNET, H. WHARTON, AND SMITH.
The following curious piece of literary history is quoted from pp.
145-147. of Smith's _De Re Nummaria_:
"But having thus owned the bishop's generosity, I must next
inform the reader what occasion I have to make some complaint
of hard usage, partly to myself, but infinitely more to Dr.
H. Wharton, and that after his decease also. The matter of
fact lies in this order. After Ant. Harmer had published his
_Specimen of Errors_ to be found in the Bishop's _History
of the Reformation_, there was a person that frequented the
coffee-house where we met daily at Oxon, and who {168}
afterwards became a prelate in Scotland, that was continually
running down that History for the errors discovered in it,
many of which are not very material, and might in so large a
work have been easily pardoned; and in order to obtain such a
pardon, I acquainted his Lordship with some more considerable
errata to be found in the first volume of _Anglia Sacra_, out
of which I had drawn up as many mistakes as I could possibly
meet with, and had descanted upon them, as far as I was able,
in the same method Ant. Harmer had drawn up his, and without
acquainting the Bishop who was the author, sent them up to his
Lordship with license, if he thought fitting, to print them.
But when the collection was made, I had prefixed a letter
to his Lordship, and next an epistle to the reader. In the
former it was but fitting to compliment his Lordship, but the
latter was altogether as large a commendation of Dr. Wharton's
skill, diligence, and faithfulness in viewing and examining
the records of our English church history. The disgust that
this last gave his Lordship obliged him to stifle the whole
tract; but yet he was pleased to show part of it to many by
way, as I suppose, of excuse or answer for his own mistakes;
but as I take it, after the Doctor's decease, he made it an
occasion of foully bespattering him as a man of no credit, and
all he had writ in that _Specimen_ was fit to go for nothing;
which practice of his lordship, after I came to read both
in the preface and introduction to his third volume, I was
amazed at his injustice both to the living and the dead. For
I had acquainted his Lordship that the faults were none of
Dr. Wharton's own making, who had never seen the MS. itself,
but only some exscript of it, writ by some raw and illiterate
person employed by some of his Oxford friends to send him a
copy of it. I once threatened my Lord Bishop's son that I had
thoughts of publishing this and some other facts the Bishop had
used to avoid the discovery of some other errata communicated
to him by other hands; but I forbore doing so, lest I should
seem ungrateful for kindnesses done and offered to me."
E. H. A.
* * * * *
EARLY PHILADELPHIA DIRECTORIES.
The first Philadelphia Directories were published in the year 1785, when
two appeared: White's and M'Pherson's. The latter is a duodecimo volume
of 164 pages, and contains some things worth making a note of.
Some persons do not seem to have comprehended the object of the inquiries
made of the inhabitants as to their names and occupations; supposing,
perhaps, that they had some connexion with taxation. The answers given by
such are put down in the _Directory_ as the _names_ of the respondents.
Thus:
"'I won't tell you,' 3. Maiden's Lane."
"'I won't tell it,' 15. Sugar Alley."
"'I won't tell you my name,' 160. New Market Street."
"'I won't have it numbered,' 478. Green Street."
"'I won't tell my name,' 185. St. John's Street."
"'I shall not give you my name,' 43. Stamper's Alley."
"'What you please,' 49. Market Street."
In the _errata_ are the following:
"For Cross Woman read Cross Widow."
"For Cox Cats read Cox Cato."
The alphabetical arrangement of a _Directory_ is as great a leveller as
the grave. In the _Directory_ for 1798, after--
"Dennis, Mr., _Taylor_, Pewter Platter Alley."
appears the following:
"Dorleans, Messrs., _Merchants_, near 100. South Fourth Street."
These were Louis Philippe and one of his brothers, who lived at the
north-west corner of Fourth and Princes Streets, in a house still
standing, and now numbered 110.
Talleyrand and Volney lived for some time in Philadelphia; but, not being
house-keepers, their names do not appear in any of the Directories.
UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
* * * * *
SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.
_Shakspeare Readings, No. X._--"_Sheer_" versus "_Warwick-sheer_."--At
page 143. of _Notes and Emendations_, Mr. Collier indulges in the
following reverie:--
"Malone did not know what to make of 'sheer ale,' but supposed
that it meant _sheering_ or reaping ale, for so reaping is
called in Warwickshire. What does it mean? It is spelt _sheere_
in the old copies; and that word begins one line, _Warwick_
having undoubtedly dropped out at the end of the preceding
line.... It was formerly not at all unusual to spell 'shire'
_sheere_; and Sly's 'sheer ale' _thus turns out_ to have been
Warwickshire ale, which Shakspeare celebrated, and of which he
had doubtless often partaken at Mrs. Hacket's. We almost wonder
that, in his local particularity, he did not mention the sign
of her house," &c.
The meaning of _sheer_ ale was _strong_ ale--that which we now call
"entire"--ale unmixed, unreduced, unmitigated--the antithesis of that
"_small_ ale," for a pot of which poor Sly begged so hard, sinking his
demand at last to "a pot o' the _smallest_ ale." If Christopher lived in
our own times, he might, on common occasions, indulge in _small_; but for
great treats he would have Barclay's entire: and, instead of bullying
Dame Hacket about "sealed quarts," he would perhaps, in these educated
days, be writing to _The Times_ under the signature of "A Thirsty Soul."
Sly evidently was rather proud of underlying a score of fourteenpence for
_sheer_ ale.
Let us hear in what sense old Phil. Holland, in _Precepts of Health_,
uses the word:
"And verily water (not that onely wherewith _wine is mingled_,
but also which is drunke betweene whiles, {169} apart by
itselfe) causeth the wine tempered therewith to doe the lesse
harme: in regard whereof, a student ought to use himselfe to
drinke twice or thrice every day a draught of sheere water," &c.
Here "sheere water" is put in apposition to that with which "_wine is
mingled_;" the meaning of _sheer_, therefore, is _integer_: and sheer
milk would be milk before it goes to the pump.
But perhaps it will be objected that sheer, applied to water, as in this
place, may mean clear, bright, free from foulness. Well, then, here is
another example from Fletcher's _Double Marriage_, where Castruccio is
being _tantalised_ after the fashion of the Governor of Barataria:
"_Cast._ (_tastes._) Why, what is this? Why, Doctor!
_Doctor._ Wine and water, sir. 'Tis sovereign for your heat:
you must endure it.
_Villio._ Most excellent to cool your night-piece, sir!
_Doctor._ You're of a high and choleric complexion, and must
have allays.
_Cast._ Shall I have no SHEER WINE then?"
The step from this to sheer ale is not very difficult.
It may be remarked that, at present, we apply several arbitrary
adjectives, in this sense of sheer, to different liquors. Thus, to
spirits we apply "raw," to wines and brandy "neat," to malt drink "stout"
or "strong;" and then we reduce to "half and half," until at length we
come to the very "small," a term which, like other lowly things, seems to
have been permitted to endure from its very weakness.
A. E. B.
Leeds.
"_Clamour your tongues," &c._--
"Clamour your tongues, and not a word more."
_Wint. Tale_, Act IV. Sc. 4.
Notwithstanding the comments upon this word _clamour_, both in the pages
of "N. & Q.," and by the various editors of Shakspeare, I have not yet
seen anything that appears to my mind like a satisfactory elucidation.
Gifford, not being able to make anything of the word, proposed to read
_charm_, which at all events is plausible, though nothing more. Nares
says the word is in use among bell-ringers, though now shortened to
_clam_. Unfortunately the meaning attached to the term by the ringers is
at variance with that of _clamour_ in the text; for to _clam_ the bells
is what we should now call putting them _on sette_ or _setting_ them, and
this is but preparatory to a general crash: still it is possible that the
words may be the same.
MR. ARROWSMITH (Vol. vii., p. 567.) maintains the genuineness of
_clamour_ in preference to _charm_; and, without a word of comment,
quotes two passages from Udall's translation of Erasmus his
_Apothegms_--"oneless hee chaumbreed his tongue," &c.; and again--"did
he refrein or chaumbre the tauntying of his tongue." I confess I cannot
fathom MR. ARROWSMITH'S intention; for the obvious conclusion to be
drawn from these quotations is, that _charm_, and not _clamour_, is an
abbreviation of the older word _chaumbre_.
I am very much inclined to think that the verb in question comes directly
from the A.-S. We find the word _clam_ or _clom_--a bond, that which
holds or retains, a prison; in the latter form the word is frequently
used, and for the use of the former in the same sense Bosworth quotes
Boethius (Rawlinson's ed., Oxon. 1698, p. 152.), which work I am unable
to consult. From these words, then, we have _clommian_, _clæmian_, &c.,
to bind or restrain. It seems not very unlikely that from this original
came Shakspeare's word _clammer_ or _clamour_. I may add that Skinner
explains the word _clum_ by _a note of silence_, quoting "Chaucer in
fab. Molitoris" (I have no copy of Chaucer at this moment within reach);
and in the A.-S. we find _clumian_, to keep close, to press, to mutter,
comprimere, mussitare: all these words probably have the same root.
An instance of the use of the word _clame_ or _clamour_ is to be found
in a work entitled _The Castel of Helthe; gathered and made by Syr
Thomas Elyot, Knight, &c.; printed by Thomas Berthelet_: London, 1539
(black-letter). At p. 52. is the following:
"Nauigation or rowynge nigh to the lande, in a _clame_ water,
is expedient for them that haue dropsies, lepries, palseyes,
called of the vulgar people, takynges, and francies. To be
carried on a rough water, it is a violent exercise," &c.
H. C. K.
---- Rectory, Hereford.
_Shakspeare Suggestions_ (Vol. viii., p. 124.).--Icon asks--"Has any one
suggested 'Most busy, when least I do.' The 'it' seems mere surplusage?"
The same suggestion, nearly _verbatim_, even to the curtailment of
the "it," may be found in this present month's number of _Blackwood's
Magazine_, p. 186.
But ICON will also find the same reading, _with an anterior title of
nearly three years_, together with some good reasons for its adoption, in
"N. & Q.," Vol. ii., p. 338. And he may also consult with advantage an
illustrative quotation in Vol. iii., p. 229.
In the original suggestion in "N. & Q.," there is no _presumption of
surplusage_: the word "it" is understood in relation to _labours_; that
word being taken as _a collective singular_, like _contents_, and other
words of the same construction.
The critic in Blackwood disclaims consulting "N. & Q.;" and it is,
no doubt, a convenient disclaimer. He follows the herd of menstrual
Aristarchi, by hailing, with wondering admiration, the substitution of
_ethics_ for _checks_! And he shows his fitness for the task he has
undertaken, by stating {170} that "Mr. Singer _alone_ had the good taste
to print it (ethics) in his text of 1826."
Mr. Halliwell, however, in a recent pamphlet, states that--
"This _new emendation_ has not only been mentioned in a great
variety of editions, but _has been introduced into the text by
no fewer than five editors_, the first, I believe, in point of
time, being the Rev. J. Rann, who substituted ethics into the
text as early as 1787."
A. E. B.
Leeds.
_Critical Digest._--Your readers have seen no more welcome announcement
than that contained in p. 75. of your present volume, that this project
of a work, bringing into one view the labours of preceding editors and
commentators, is in good hands and likely to be brought to bear. On the
_form_ of such a work it is perhaps premature to offer an observation;
but, to be perfect, it ought to range with that remarkable monument of
a lady's patient industry, Mrs. Cowden Clarke's _Concordance_. On the
_materials_ to be employed, all your readers have such an interest in the
subject as to warrant them in making suggestions; and it will be well to
do so before the plans are fully matured.
It ought, in my opinion, to be more comprehensive than even the largest
scheme suggested by your correspondent; for, in addition to the comments
which may be thought most worthy of insertion in full, or nearly so, it
ought to contain at least a _reference_ to every known comment, in the
slightest degree worthy of notice, in relation to any passage in the
work. To accomplish this would of course be a work of enormous labour,
and the object of the present Note is to suggest, as first step, the
circulation of a list of works intended to be consulted, for the purpose
of inviting additions; not that such a list should encumber the pages
of "N. & Q." but I am much mistaken if you would not afford facilities
for receiving the communications asked for. This course is the more
necessary, inasmuch as, in addition to works written exclusively on the
subject of Shakspeare, there is a vast amount of Shakspearian criticism
spread over works, the titles of which give no indication of the
necessity for consulting them. For instance, upwards of two hundred pages
of Coleridge's _Literary Remains_ are so employed; and though, perhaps,
the work is so well known that it would have found a place in the first
copy of the list I have suggested, it may serve as an illustration of the
sort of information which it would be desirable to invite.
J. F. M.
* * * * *
MOTTOS OF THE EMPERORS OF GERMANY.
I was much interested in the lists given in "N. & Q." last year of the
mottos adopted by serjeants-at-law on arriving at that dignity; and it
then occurred to me, that it would be curious to collect in like manner
a complete list of the sentences, which, as is well known to students
of history, the Emperors of Germany were accustomed to assume at their
coronations. A recent visit to Frankfort has given me an opportunity of
making and sending you such a list. The materials are collected from
inscriptions on a series of imperial portraits which adorn the principal
chamber in the Römer or town hall of that city. The list, if it have no
other interest, will at least serve to remind us that some of the Latin
aphorisms and "wise saws" current among us now, have been doing duty in
the same capacity for centuries:
Conrad I. 911. (Franconia.) _Fortuna cum blanditur fallit._
Henry I. 918. (Saxony.) _Ad vindictam tardus, ad beneficentiam velox._
Otho I. (The Great.) 936. (Saxony.) _Satius est ratione æquitatis mortem
oppetere, quam fugere et inhonesta vivere._
Otho II. 974. (Saxony.) _Cum omnibus pacem; adversus vitia bellum._
Otho III. 983. (Saxony.) _Facile singula rumpuntur jacula; non conjuncta._
Henry II. 1002. (Bavaria.) _Nihil impense ames, ita fiet ut in nullo
contristeris._
Conrad II. 1024. (Franconia.) _Omnium mores, imprimis observato._
[1]Henry III. 1039. (Franconia.) _Qui litem aufert; execrationem in
benedictionem mutat._
Henry IV. 1056. (Franconia.) _Multi multa sciunt, se autem nemo._
Henry V. 1106. (Franconia.) _Miser qui mortem appetit, miserior qui
timet._
Lothaire. 1125. (Saxony.) _Audi alteram partem._
Conrad III. 1137. (Swabia.) _Pauca cum aliis, multa tecum loquere._
Frederick I. (Barbarossa.) 1152. (Swabia.) _Præstat uni probo quam mille
improbis placere._
Henry VI. 1190. (Swabia.) _Qui tacendi non habet artem, nec novit
loquendi._
Philip. 1197. (Swabia.) _Quod male cœptum est, ne pudeat mutasse._
Otho IV. 1208. (Brunswick.) _Strepit anser inter olores._
Frederick II. 1218. (Swabia.) _Complurimum Thriorum, ego strepitum
audiri._
1250-1272. _Grand interregnum._ (See Hallam, _Middle Ages_, ch. v.)
Rodolph of Hapsburgh. 1273. _Melius bene imperare quam imperium
ampliare._
{171}
Adolphus. 1291. (Nassau.)
Albert I. 1298. (Austria.) _Fugam victoria nescit._
Henry VII. 1308. (Luxemburg.) _Calicem vitæ dedisti mihi in mortem._[2]
Louis IV. 1314. (Bavaria.)
Charles IV. 1347. (Bohemia.)
Wenceslaus. 1378. (Bohemia.)
Robert. (Count Palatine.) 1400. _Misericordia non causam, sed fortunam
spectat._
Sigismund. 1411. (Luxemburg.) _Mala ultro adsunt._
Albert II. 1438. ([3]Austria, House of Hapsburgh.) _Amicus optimæ vitæ
possessio._
Frederick III. 1440. _Austriæ imperare orbi universo._
Maximilian I. 1493. _Tene mensuram et respice finem._
Charles V. 1519. _Plus ultra._
Ferdinand I. 1558. _Fiat justitia, et pereat mundus._
Maximilian II. 1564. _Deus providebit._
Rodolph II. 1576. _Fulget Cæsaris astrum._
Matthew. 1612. _Concordi lumine major._
Ferdinand II. 1619. _Legitime certantibus._
Ferdinand III. 1637. _Pietate et justitiâ._
Leopold I. 1657. _Consilio et industriâ._
Joseph I. 1705. _Amore et timore._
Charles VI. 1711. _Constantiâ et fortitudine._
Charles VII. 1742.
Francis I. 1745. _Pro Deo et imperio._
Joseph II. 1765. _Virtute et exemplo._
Leopold II. 1790. _Opes regum, corda subditorum._
Francis II. 1792. _Lege et fide._
I have added, by way of rendering the catalogue more complete, the name
of the particular family of German princes, for which each emperor was
selected. A glance at these names furnishes a remarkable illustration of
an observation of Sismondi:
"That the great evil of an elective monarchy, is the continual
struggle on the part of the rulers to make it hereditary."
It is scarcely necessary to remind your readers, that the integrity
of Charlemagne's empire was preserved until the deposition of Charles
the Fat; that France and Germany did not become separate until after
that event; and that Conrad was, therefore, the first of the German
sovereigns, as he was certainly the first elected by the confederate
princes.
JOSHUA G. FITCH.
[Footnote 1: Hallam says, that the imperial prerogative never
reached so high a point as in the reign of this monarch. The
succession to the throne appears to have been regarded as
hereditary; and a very efficient control preserved by the
emperor over the usually insubordinate confederacy.]
[Footnote 2: At the death of Henry, Frederick the son of Albert
disputed Louis's election, alleging that he had a majority
of genuine votes. He assumed the motto, _Beatâ morte nihil
beatius_.]
[Footnote 3: All the succeeding princes were of this family.]
* * * * *
POEMS BY MISS DELAVAL.
If the accompanying songs have not been printed before, they may perhaps
be worth preserving. They were written and set to music by a highly
accomplished lady, the daughter of Edward Hussey Delaval, Esq., the last
of his name and race, sometime Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge;
the cotemporary of Gray and Mason, and well known for his literary and
scientific attainments:
"Where the murm'ring streams meander,
Where the sportive zephyrs play,
Whilst in sylvan shades I wander,
Softly steal the hours away.
I nor splendor crave nor treasure,
Calmer joys my bosom knows;
Smiling days of rural pleasure,
Peaceful nights of soft repose."
* * * * *
"Oh Music, if thou hast a charm,
That may the sense of pain disarm,
Be all thy tender tones address'd
To soothe to peace my Anna's breast,
And bid the magic of thy strain
To still the throb of wakeful pain;
That, rapt in the delightful measure,
Sweet hope again may whisper pleasure,
And seem the notes of spring to hear,
Prelusive to a happier year.
And if thy magic can restore,
The shade of days that smile no more,
And softer, sweeter colors give
To scenes that in remembrance live,
Be to her pensive heart a friend;
And whilst the tender shadows blend,
Recall, ere the brief trace be lost,
Each moment that she priz'd the most."
E. H. A.
* * * * *
Minor Notes.
_The Rights of Women._--Single women, who were freeholders, voted in the
State of New Jersey as late as the year 1800. In a newspaper of that date
is a complimentary editorial to the female voters for having unanimously
supported Mr. John Adams (the defeated candidate) for President of the
United States, in opposition to Mr. Jefferson, who was denounced as
wanting in religion.
UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
_Green Pots used for drinking from by Members of the Temple._--During
the summer of 1849, when the new part of Paper Buildings in the Temple
was being built, the workmen, in making the necessary excavations, dug
up a great number of pots or cups, which are supposed to have been
used for drinking from by the students. I have recently met with the
following letter from Sir {172} Julius Cæsar to Sir W. More, which may
be interesting to some of your readers:
"After my hartie commendac'ons, &c. Whereas in tymes past the
bearer hereof hath had out of the Parke of Farnham, belonging
to the Bishopricke of Winchester, certaine white clay for the
making of grene potts usually drunk in by the gentlemen of the
Temple, and nowe understandinge of some restraint thereof,
and that you (amongst others) are authorized there in divers
respects during the vacancye of the said Bishopricke; my
request, therefore, unto you is, and the rather for that I am
a member of the said house, that you would in favoʳ of us all
p'mytt the bearer hereof to digge and carrie away so muche of
the said claye as by him shalbe thought sufficient for the
furnishinge of the said house wᵗʰ grene potts aforesaid, paying
as he hath heretofore for the same. In accomplishment whereof
myself with the whole societie shall acknowledge oʳselves much
beholden unto you, and shalbe readie to requite you at all
times hereafter wᵗʰ the like pleasure. And so I bid you moste
heartilie farewel.
"Inner Temple, this xixᵗʰ of August, 1591.
"To the right worshipful Sir W'm More, Knight, geve these."
This letter is printed in the _Losely Manuscripts_, p. 311.
B.
Bristol.
_Quarles and Pascal._--In Quarles' _Emblems_, book i. Emblem vi., there
is a passage:
"The world's a seeming paradise, but her own
And man's tormentor;
Appearing fixed, yet but a rolling stone
Without a tenter;
_It is a vast circumference where none_
_Can find a centre._"
And Pascal, in one of his _Pensées_, says:
"Le monde est une sphère infinie, dont le centre est partout,
la circonférence nulle part."
Here we have two propositions, which, whether taken separately, or
opposed to each other, would seem to contain nothing but paradox or
contradiction. And yet I believe they are but different modes of
expressing the same thing.
HENRY H. BREEN.
St. Lucia.
_Offer to intending Editors._--I had hoped that some one would accept
Mr. Crossley's offer of Ware's MS. notes for a new edition of _Foxes and
Firebrands_. I myself will with pleasure contribute a copy of the book to
print from (assuming that it will be properly executed), and also of his
much rarer _Coursing of the Romish Fox_, which should form part of the
volume.
If any one is disposed to edit the works of Dr. John Rogers, the sub-dean
of Wells, I will, with the same pleasure, supply his Address to the
Quakers, of which I possess Mr. Brand's copy, which he has twice marked
as _extra rare_; and Rodd, from whom I purchased it, had never seen
another copy. The entire works might be comprised in two volumes octavo.
It is to be regretted that Mr. Flintoff has not yet published Wallis's
_Sermons on the Trinity_, to accompany his excellent edition of Wallis's
_Letters_, 1840. Would it not be possible to obtain so many names as
would defray the expense of printing?
S. Z. Z. S.
_Head-dress._--The enormous head-dresses worn in the time of Charles I.
gave rise to the following lines:
"Hoc magis est instar tecti quam tegminis; hoc non
Ornare est; hoc est ædificare caput."
CLERICUS (D.)
* * * * *
Minor Queries.
_Fox-hunting._--Can any of your correspondents inform me, when the great
national sport of fox-hunting first came into vogue?
Gervase Markham, whose work on sports, called _Country Contentments, or
the Husbandman's Recreations_, was published in 1654, gives due honour to
stag-hunting, which he describes as "the most princely and royall chase
of all chases." Speaking of hare-hunting, he says, "It is every honest
man's and good man's chase, and which is indeed the freest, readiest, and
most enduring pastime;" but he classes the hunting of the fox and the
badger together, and he describes them as "Chases of a great deal lesse
use or cunning than any of the former, because they are of a much hotter
scent, and as being intituled stinking scents, and not sweet scents."
Although he does admit that this chase may be profitable and pleasant for
the time, insomuch as there are not so many defaults, but a continuing
sport; he concludes, "I will not stand much upon them, because they are
not so much desired as the rest."
R. W. B.
_Broderie Anglaise._--Being a young lady whose love for the fine arts is
properly modified by a reverence for antiquity, I am desirous to know
whether the present fashionable occupation of the "Broderie Anglaise,"
being undoubtedly a revival, is however traceable (as is alleged) to so
remote a period as the days of Elizabeth?
SARAH ANNA.
_"The Convent," an Elegy._--Among the works ascribed to the Abbé François
Arnaud, a member of the French Academy, who died in 1784, there is one
entitled, _Le Couvent, Elégie traduite de l'Anglais_. What is the English
poem here alluded to?
HENRY H. BREEN.
St. Lucia.
_Memorial of Newton._--The subscription now in progress for raising a
statue to Sir Isaac Newton {173} at Grantham, the place of his early
education, recalls to my recollection a memorial of him, about which
I may possibly learn a few particulars from some one of the numerous
readers of "N. & Q."
I remember hearing when a school-boy at the college, Grantham, some
thirty-five years ago, that Newton's name, cut by himself on a stone in
the recess of one of the windows of the school-house, was to be seen
there no long time back; but that the stone, or the portion of it which
contained the name, had been cut out by some mason at a time when the
building was being repaired, and was in the possession of a gentleman
then living in the largest house in Grantham--built, I believe, by
himself. Those of your readers who knew Grantham at the time, will not
need to be told the name of the gentleman to whom I allude. The questions
I would wish to ask are these:
1. Was such a stone to be seen, as described, some forty or fifty years
since?
2. Is it true that it was removed in the way that I have stated?
3. If so, in whose possession is the stone at this present time?
M. A.
_Mammon._--Perhaps some of your readers could refer me to some work
containing information in reference to the following allegation of
Barnes, on Matt. vi. 24.:
"Mammon is a Syriac word, _a name given to an idol worshipped
as the god of riches_. It has the same meaning as Plutus
among the Greeks. It is not known that the Jews even formally
worshipped _this idol_, but they used the word to denote
wealth."
My question relates to the passages in Italics.
B. H. C.
_Derivation of Wellesley._--In a note to the lately published
_Autobiographic Sketches_ of Thomas De Quincey, I find (p. 131.) the
following passage:
"It had been always known that some relationship existed
between the Wellesleys and John Wesley. Their names had in fact
been originally the same; and the Duke of Wellington himself,
in the earlier part of his career, when sitting in the Irish
House of Commons, was always known to the Irish journals as
Captain Wesley. Upon this arose a natural belief, that the
aristocratic branch of the house had improved the name into
Wellesley. But the true process of change had been precisely
the other way. Not Wesley had been expanded into Wellesley,
but inversely, Wellesley had been contracted by household
usage into Wesley. The name must have been _Wellesley_ in its
earliest stage, since it was founded upon a connexion with
Wells Cathedral."
May I ask what this connexion was, and whence the authority for the
statement? Had the illustrious Duke's adoption of his title from another
town in Somersetshire anything to do with it?
J. M.
Cranwells, Bath.
_The Battle of Cruden--A Query for Copenhagen Correspondents._--In the
year 1059, in the reign of Malcolm III., king of Scotland, a battle was
fought on the Links of Cruden, in the county of Aberdeen, between the
Danes and the Scots, in which the Prince Royal, who commanded the Danish
forces, was slain. He was buried on the Danish field, near to which,
according to the custom of the times, King Malcolm "biggit ane kirk."
This church was overblown with sand, and another built farther inland,
which is the present parish church. To the churchyard wall there leans a
black marble gravestone, about 7 ft. × 3 ft. 6 in., which is said to have
been sent from Denmark as a monument for the grave of his royal highness.
The stone has the appearance of considerable antiquity about it, and
appears to have been inlaid with marble, let into it about half an inch;
the marks of the iron brads, and the lead which secured it, are still
visible.
"Tradition says it did from Denmark come,
A monument the king sent for his son."
And it is also stated that, until within the last hundred years, a small
sum of money was annually sent by the Danish government to the minister
of Cruden for keeping the monument in repair. I should be glad to learn
if there are any documents among the royal archives at Copenhagen, which
would invalidate or substantiate the popular tradition.
ABREDONENSIS.
_Ampers and_ (& or & [Transcriber's note: Two different typefaces.]).--I
have heard this symbol called both _ampers and_ and _apussé and_. Which,
if either, is the correct term; and what is its derivation?
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
_The Myrtle Bee._--I should feel much obliged to any reader of "N. &
Q." who would answer the following questions respecting the bird called
the Myrtle Bee; separating carefully at the same time the result of
his _personal experience_ from any _hearsay evidence_ that he may have
collected on the subject. In what places in the British Isles has the
bird been seen? During what months? Is it gregarious, or solitary? What
are its haunts and habits, and on what does it feed? What is its colour,
shape, and size? Its mode of flight? Does any cabinet contain a preserved
specimen, and has any naturalist described or figured it either as a
British or a foreign bird?
W. R. D. SALMON.
Birmingham.
_Henry Earl of Wotton._--Jan van Kerckhove, Lord of Kerkhoven and
Heenvliet, who died at Sassenheim, March 7, 1660, married Catherine
Stanhope, daughter of the Earl of Chesterfield; and had issue Charles
Henry, who in 1659 was chief magistrate of Breda, and was created Earl
{174} of Wotton by the king of England. Could any of your readers favour
me with the date of the above marriage, as also those of the birth of the
father and the son; as well as that of the elevation of the latter to the
peerage of England?--From the _Navorscher_.
A. I.
_Connexion between the Celtic and Latin Languages._--Can any of your
correspondents supply any links of connection between the Celtic and
Latin languages?
M.
_Queen Anne's Motto._--What authority have we for asserting that "Semper
eadem" was Queen Anne's motto, and that it expired with her?
CLERICUS (D.)
_Anonymous Books._--Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." furnish the names
of the authors of either of the following works?
1. The Watch; an Ode, humbly inscribed to the Right Hon. the
Earl of M--f--d. To which is added, the Genius of America to
General Carleton, an Ode. London: J. Bew, 1778. 4to.
2. Fast Sermon, preached at ---- Feb. 10th, 1779, by the
Reverend ---- ----; showing the Tyranny and Oppression of the
British King and Parliament respecting the American Colonies.
Inscribed to the Congress. 8vo. (_Sine loco aut anno._ An
ironical Piece, severe on America.)
3. National Prejudice opposed to the National Interest;
candidly considered in the Detention or Yielding up Gibraltar
and Cape Breton, by the ensuing Treaty of Peace, &c. In a
Letter to Sir John Bernard. London: W. Owen, 1748. 8vo.
4. The Blockheads; or Fortunate Contractor. An Opera, in Two
Acts, as it was performed at New York, &c. Printed at New York.
London: reprinted for G. Kearsley, 1783. 12mo.
5. The Present State of the British Empire in Europe, America,
Asia, and Africa, &c.: London, 1768, 8vo., pp. 486.
Who prepared the chapters on America in this volume?
SERVIENS.
* * * * *
Minor Queries with Answers.
_Major André._--A subscriber having observed the amount of valuable and
recondite information elicited by a happy Query concerning General Wolfe,
hopes to obtain like success in one he now puts forward in regard to the
personal history, &c. of the unfortunate Major John André, who was hung
by the Americans as a spy during their Revolutionary War. Being engaged
upon a biography of Major André, he has already collected considerable
matter; but wishes to leave no stone unturned in his task, and therefore
begs his brethren of "N. & Q." to publish therein any anecdotes or
copies of any letters or documents concerning that gallant but ill-fated
gentleman. A reference to passages occurring in printed books bearing
on this subject, might also well be given; for there is so little known
about Major André, and that little scattered piecemeal in so many and
various localities, that it is hardly possible some of them should not
have escaped this writer's notice.
SERVIENS.
[Smith's _Authentic Narrative of Major André_, 8vo. 1808, has most
probably been consulted by our correspondent. There is a good account
of the Major in vol. ii. of the _Biographical Dictionary_ of the Useful
Knowledge Society, and it is worth consulting for the authorities quoted
at the end of the article. See also the _Encyclopædia Americana_, article
"Benedict Arnold;" the _American Whig Review_, vol. v. p. 381.; _New
England Magazine_, vol. vi. p. 353.; and for a vindication of the captors
of André, the _Analectic Magazine_, vol. x. p. 307. Articles also will be
found respecting him in _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. l. pp. 540. 610.;
vol. li. p. 320.; vol. lii. p. 514. Major André is one of the principal
subjects of _The British Hero in Captivity_, a poem attributed to Mr.
Puddicombe, 4to. 1782.]
"_The Fatal Mistake._"--Can you tell me where the scene of the following
play is laid, and the names of the _dramatis personæ_: _The Fatal
Mistake, a Tragedy_, by Joseph Haynes, 4to., 1696?
The author of this play, who was known by the name of Count Haynes, was
an actor in the theatre at Drury Lane about the time of James II., and
died in 1701. There is an account of his life written by Tom Browne.
GW.
[The title-page of _A Fatal Mistake_ states that it was written by Jos.
Hayns; but according to the _Biog. Dramatica_, it is not certain that
Count Haines was the author. The _dramatis personæ_ are: _Men_, Duke,
Duke of Schawden's ambassador, Rodulphus, Baldwin, Eustace, Ladovick,
Albert, Godfrey, Arnulph, Frederick, Welpho, Conradine, Gozelo, Lewis,
Ferdinando. _Women_, Duchess Gertruedo, Lebassa, Clementia, Idana,
Thierrie, Maria, Lords and Ladies, Masquers, Soldiers.]
_Anonymous Plays._--
1. A Match for a Widow; or, the Frolics of Fancy. A Comic
Opera, in Three Acts, as performed at the Theatre Royal,
Dublin. London: C. Dilly, 1788. 8vo.
2. The Indians; a Tragedy. Performed at the Theatre Royal,
Richmond. London: C. Dilly, 1790. 8vo.
3. André; a Tragedy in Five Acts, as now performing at the
Theatre in New York. To which is added the Cow Chase; a
Satirical Poem, by Major André. With the Proceedings of the
Court Martial, and authentic Documents concerning him. London:
Ogilvy & Son, 1799. 8vo.
SERVIENS.
[_A Match for a Widow_ is by Joseph Atkinson, Treasurer of the Ordnance
in Ireland, the friend and associate of Curran, Moore, and the galaxy of
Irish genius. He died in 1818.
{175}
2. _The Indians_ is by William Richardson, Professor of Humanity in the
University of Glasgow, who died in 1814.
3. _André_ is by William Dunlap, an American dramatist.]
_High Commission Court._--Can any of your readers refer me to works
bearing on the proceedings of the High Commission Court? The sort
of information of which I am in search is not so much on the great
constitutional questions involved in the history of this court, as in
the details of its mode of procedure; as shown either by actual books of
practice, or the history of particular cases brought before it.
J. F. M.
[Some account of the proceedings of the High Commission Court is given
in Reeves's _History of the English Law_, vol. v. pp. 215-218. The
Harleian MS. 7516. also contains Minutes of the Proceedings of the High
Commissioners at Whitehall, July 6, 1616, on the question of Commendums,
the king himself being present. It makes twenty-one leaves.]
* * * * *
Replies.
ROSICRUCIANS.
(Vol. vii., p. 619.; Vol. viii., p. 106.)
We frequently see Queries made in these pages which could be
satisfactorily answered by turning to the commonest books of
reference, such as Brand, Fosbroke, Hone, the various dictionaries and
encyclopædias, and the standard works on the subjects queried. Now it
seems to me that "N. & Q." is not intended for going over old ground, and
thus becoming a literary treadmill; but its mission lies in supplying
information _not easily found_, and in perfecting, as far as possible,
our standard works and books of reference. MR. TAYLOR'S Query affords an
opportunity for this, as the ordinary sources of information are very
deficient as regards the Rosicrucians.
According to some, the name is derived from their supposed founder,
_Christian Rosencreutz_, who died in 1484. And they account for the
fact of the Rosicrucians not being heard of till 1604, by saying that
Rosencreutz bound his disciples by an oath not to promulgate his
doctrines for 120 years after his death. The mystical derivation of the
name is thus given in the _Encyc. Brit._:--
"The denomination evidently appears to be derived from the
science of chemistry. It is not compounded, as many imagine,
of the two words _rosa_ and _crux_, which signify _rose_ and
_cross_, but of the latter of these two words and the Latin
_ros_, which signifies _dew_. Of all natural bodies _dew_ was
deemed the most powerful dissolvent of gold; and the _cross_
in the chemical language is equivalent to _light_, because
the figure of the _cross_ exhibits at the same time the three
letters of which the word _lux_, light, is compounded. Now
_lux_ is called by this sect the seed or menstruum of the red
dragon, or, in other words, gross and corporeal _light_, which,
when properly digested and modified, produces _gold_. Hence
it follows, if this etymology be admitted, that a Rosicrucian
philosopher is one who, by the intervention and assistance
of the _dew_, seeks for light; or, in other words, the
philosopher's stone.
"The true meaning and energy of this denomination did not
escape the penetration and sagacity of Gassendi, as appears
by his _Examen Philos. Fludd_, tom. iii. s. 15. p. 261.; and
it was more fully explained by Renaudot in his _Conférences
Publiques_, tom. iv. p. 87."
The encyclopædist remarks that at first the title commanded some respect,
as it seemed to be borrowed from _the arms of Luther, which were a cross
placed upon a rose_.
The leading doctrines of the Rosicrucians were borrowed from the Eastern
philosophers[4]; the Christian Platonists, schoolmen, and mystics: mixed
up with others derived from writers on natural history, magic, astrology,
and especially alchemy. All these blended together, and served up in a
professional jargon of studied obscurity, formed the doctrinal system of
these strange philosophers. In this system _the doctrine of elemental
spirits_, and the means of communion and alliance with them, and _the
doctrine of signatures_, are the most prominent points.
Let me refer MR. TAYLOR to Michael Meyer's _Themis Aurea, hoc est de
legibus Fraternitatis Roseæ Crucis_, Col. 1615; the works of Jacob
Behmen, Robt. Fludd, John Heydon, Peter Mormius, Eugene Philalethes; the
works of the Rosicrucian Society, containing seventy-one treatises in
different languages; the Catalogue of Hermetic books by the Abbé Lenglet
du Fresnoi, Paris, 1762; Manget's _Biblioth. Chem. Curios._, Col. 1702, 2
vols. folio; and the _Theatrum Chemicum_, Argent. 1662, 6 vols. 8vo.
I must make particular mention of the two most celebrated of the
Rosicrucian works; the first is _La Chiave del Cabinetto_, Col. 1681,
12mo. The author, Joseph Francis Borri, gives a most systematic account
of the doctrine of the Rosic Cross in this interesting little volume. He
was imprisoned for magic and heresy, and died in his prison at Rome in
1695 at the age of seventy years. On this work was founded one still more
remarkable--
"Le Compte de Gabalis, ou Entretiens sur les Sciences Secrètes.
'Quod tanto impendio absconditur etiam solum modo demonstrare,
destruere est.'--_Tertull._ Sur la Copie imprimée à Paris, chez
Claude Barbin.--M.DC.LXXI. 12mo., pp. 150."
{176}
This work, thus published anonymously, was from the pen of the Abbé de
Villars. An English translation was published at London in 1714.
The doctrine of the Rosy Cross entered largely into the literature of the
seventeenth century. This applies especially to the masques of James I.
and Charles I. To the same source Shakspeare owes his _Ariel_, and Milton
much of his _Comus_.
It is strange, but instructive, to observe how variously different
minds make use of the same materials. What greater contrast can we have
than _The Rape of the Lock_ and _Undine_?--the one redolent of the
petit-maître and the Cockney; the other a work _sui generis_, of human
conceptions the most exquisite and spirit-fragrant. Wieland's _Idris and
Zenide_, Bulwer's _Zanoni_, and Mackay's _Salamandrine_, are also based
on Rosicrucian principles. Mention of the Rosicrucians occurs in Izaak
Walton's Angler and Butler's _Hudibras_--see Zachary Grey's note and
authorities referred to by him. See also two interesting papers on the
subject in Chambers's _Edinb. Journal_, ed. 1846, vol. vi. pp. 298. 316.
EIRIONNACH.
July 20, 1853.
P. S.--I may as well notice here a very curious book of Rosicrucian
emblems, as I have it beside me:
"Atalanta Fugiens, hoc est, Emblemata Nova de Secretis
Naturæ Chymica. Accommodata partim oculis et intellectui,
figuris cupro incisis, adjectisque sententiis, Epigrammatis
et notis, partim auribus et recreationi animi plus minus 50
Fugis Musicalibus trium vocum, quarum duæ ad unam simplicem
melodiam distichis canendis peraptam correspondeant, non
absq; singulari jucunditate videnda, legenda, meditanda,
intelligenda, dijudicanda, canenda, et audienda. Authore
Michaele Majero, Imperial. Consistorii Comite, Med. D. Eq. Ex.
etc.: Oppenheimii, ex Typographia Hieronymi Galleri, sumptibus
Joh. Theodori de Bry, MDCXVIII." Small 4to. pp. 211.
The title-page is adorned with emblematical figures. The work contains
a portrait of the author, and fifty emblems executed with much spirit.
Amongst others we have a Salamander in the fire, a green lion, a
hermaphrodite, a dragon, &c. Every right page has a motto, an emblem, and
an epigram under the emblem in Latin. The left page gives the same in
German, with the Latin words set to music. After each emblem we have a
"Discursus."
The following remarks on the title occur in the preface:
"Atalanta Poëtis celebrata est propter fugam, qua omnes procos
in certamine antevertit, ideoque ipsis victis pro Virgine,
præmio Victoriæ proposito, mors obtigit, donec ab Hippomene,
Juvene audaciore et provido, superata et obtenta sit trium
malorum aureorum per Vices inter currendum objectu, quæ dum
illa tolleret, præventa est ab eo, metam jam attingente: Hæc
Atalanta ut fugit, sic una vox musicalis semper fugit ante
aliam et altera insequitur, ut Hippomenes: In tertia tamen
stabiliuntur et firmantur, quæ simplex est et unius valoris,
tanquam malo aureo: Hæc eadem virgo merè chymica est, nempe
Mercurius philosophicus a sulfure aureo in fuga fixatus et
retentus, quem si quis sistere noverit, sponsam, quam ambit,
habebit, sin minus, perditionem suarum rerum est interitum,"
&c.--Page 9.
[Footnote 4: The Jewish speculations on the subject of
elemental spirits and angels (especially those that assumed
corporeal forms, and united themselves with the daughters
of men) were largely drawn on by the Rosicrucians. (See the
famous _Liber Zohar_, Sulzbaci, 1684, fol.; and Philo, _Lib. de
Gigantibus_. See also Hoornbeek, _Lib. pro Convert. Jud._, Lug.
Bat., 1665, 4to.)]
* * * * *
SEARSON'S POEMS.
(Vol. vii., p. 131.)
John Searson was a merchant in Philadelphia in the year 1766. A few days
before seeing the inquiry respecting him, I came across his advertisement
in the _Pennsylvania Gazette_; but not having made a note of the date, I
have since been unable to find it. His stock was of a very miscellaneous
character, as "Bibles and warming pans," "spelling-books and swords,"
figured in it in juxtaposition. He taught school at one time in Basking
Ridge, New Jersey.
A copy of his poem on "Down Hill" is before me; and it is quite as
curious a production as the volume of poems which he afterwards published.
He describes himself in the title-page as "Late Master of the Free School
in Colerain, and formerly of New York, Merchant." The volume was printed
in 1794 by subscription at Colerain.
The work is introduced by "A Poem, being a Cursory View of Belfast Town,"
thus commencing:
"With pleasure I view the Town of Belfast,
Where many dear friends their lots have been cast:
The Buildings are neat, the Town very clean,
And Trade very brisk are here to be seen;
Their Shipping are numerous, as I behold,
And Merchants thrive here in riches, I'm told."
Here are some farther specimens from this poem:
"I've walk'd alone, and view'd the _Paper Mill_,
Its walk, the eye with pleasure fill.
I've view'd the Mountains that surround BELFAST,
And find they are romantic to the last.
...
The Church of BELFAST is superb and grand,
And to the Town an ornament does stand;
Their Meeting Houses also is so neat,
The congregation large, fine and complete."
The volume contains a dedication to the Rev. Mr. Josiah Marshall, rector
of Maghera, a preface, a table of contents, and "A Prayer previous to the
Poem."
The whole book is so intensely ridiculous that it is difficult to
select. The following are rather chosen for their brevity than for any
pre-eminent absurdity:
"The Earl of Bristol here some time do dwell,
Which after-ages sure of him will tell."
{177}
"Down Hill's so pleasing to the traveller's sight,
And th' marine prospect would your heart delight."
"The rabbit tribe about me run their way,
Their little all to man becomes a prey.
The busy creatures trot about and run;
Some kill them with a net, some with a gun.
Alas! how little do these creatures know
For what they feed their young, so careful go.
The little creatures trot about and sweat,
Yet for the use of man is all they get."
"He closed his eyes on ev'ry earthly thing.
_Angles_ surround his bed: to heaven they bring
The soul, departed from its earthly clay.
He died, he died! and calmly pass'd away,
His children not at home; his widow mourn,
And all his friends, in tears, seem quite forlorn."
Some of the London booksellers ought to reprint this work as a curiosity
of literature. Some of the subscribers took a number of copies, and one
might be procured for the purpose. The country seats of the largest
subscribers are described in the poem.
The book ends with these lines (added by the "devil" of the
printing-office, no doubt):
"The above rural, pathetic, and very sublime performance was
corrected, in every respect, by the author himself."
This is erased with a pen, and these words written below--"Printer's
error."
UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
* * * * *
"FROM THE SUBLIME TO THE RIDICULOUS," ETC.
(Vol. v., p. 100.)
Since my former communication on the use of the phrase "From the sublime
to the ridiculous there is but a step," I have met with some farther
examples of kindred forms of expression, which you may deem worth
inserting in "N. & Q."
Shakspeare has an instance in _Romeo and Juliet_, where he describes
"Love" as--
"A madness most discreet,
A choaking gall, and a preserving sweet."
Quarles has it in his _Emblems_, Book iv. Epigram 2.:--
"Pilgrim, trudge on; what makes thy soul complain?
Crowns thy complaint; the way to rest is pain:
The road to resolution lies by doubt;
The next way home's the farthest way about."
We find it in this couplet in Butler:
"For discords make the sweetest airs,
And curses are a kind of prayers."
Rochester has it in the line--
"An eminent fool must be a man of parts."
It occurs in Junius's remark--
"Your Majesty may learn hereafter how nearly the slave and the
tyrant are allied."
and in the following well-known passage in the same writer:
"He was forced to go through every division, resolution,
composition, and refinement of political chemistry, before
he happily arrived at the _caput mortuum_ of vitriol in your
grace. Flat and insipid in your retired state; but, brought
into action, you become vitriol again. Such are the extremes
of alternate indolence or fury which have governed your whole
administration."
The thought here (be it said in passing) seems to have been adopted from
these lines in Rochester:
"Wit, like tierce claret, when 't begins to pall,
Neglected lies, and 's of no use at all;
But in its full perfection of decay
Turns vinegar, and comes again in play."
But the most beautiful application of this sentiment that I have met
with, occurs in an essay on "The Uses of Adversity," by Mr. Herman
Hooker, an American writer:--
"A pious lady, who had lost her husband, was for a time
inconsolable. She could not think, scarcely could she speak,
of anything but him. Nothing seemed to take her attention but
the three promising children he had left her, singing to her
his presence, his look, his love. But soon these were all
taken ill, and died within a few days of each other; and now
the childless mother was calmed even by the greatness of the
stroke. As the lead that goes quickly down to the ocean's depth
ruffled its surface less than lighter things, so the blow which
was strongest did not so much disturb her calm of mind, but
drove her to its proper trust."
HENRY H. BREEN.
St. Lucia.
* * * * *
PASSAGE IN THE BURIAL SERVICE.
(Vol. iii., p. 78.)
"In the midst of life we are in death."
A writer in the _Parish Choir_ (vol. iii. p. 140.) gives the following
account of this passage. He says:
"The passage in question is found in the _Cantarium Sti.
Galli_, or choir-book of the monks of St. Gall in Switzerland,
published in 1845, with, however, a slight deviation from the
text, as we are accustomed to it.
'_Mediâ Vitâ of St. Notker._
'Mediâ Vitâ in morte sumus: quem quærimus adjutorem, nisi
Te Domine, qui pro peccatis nostris justè irasceris. Ad te
clamaverunt patres nostri, speraverunt, et liberasti eos.
Sancte Deus: ad te clamaverunt patres nostri, clamaverunt et
non sunt confusi. Sancte Fortis, ne despicias nos in tempore
senectutis: cum defecerit virtus nostra, ne derelinquas nos.
Sancte et misericors Salvator amaræ morti ne tradas nos.'
"On consulting the _Thesaurus Hymnologicus_ of Daniel (vol.
ii. p. 329.) I find the following notice. {178} It is called
'Antiphona pro Peccatis,' or 'de Morte;' and the text there
given corresponds nearly with that in our Burial Service.
"Mediâ vitâ in morte sumus:
Quem quærimus adjutorem nisi Te Domine,
Qui pro peccatis nostris justè irasceris:
Sancte Deus, sancte fortis, sancte et misericors Salvator,
Amaræ morti ne tradas nos.
"Rambach says, '"In the midst of life" occurs in MSS. of the
thirteenth century, as an universally common dirge and song
of supplication on all melancholy occasions, and was in this
century regularly sung at Compline on Saturdays. A German
translation was known long before the time of Luther, and was
enlarged by him by the addition of two strophes.' Martene
describes it as forming part of a religious service for New
Year's Eve, composed about the year 1800.
"Hoffmann says that this anthem 'by Notker the Stammerer,
a monk of St. Gall's (an. 912), was an extremely popular
battle-song, through the singing of which, before and during
the fight, friend and foe hoped to conquer. It was also, on
many occasions, used as a kind of incantation song. Therefore
the Synod of Cologne ordered (an. 1316) that no one should sing
the _Mediâ vitâ_ without the leave of his bishop.'
"Daniel adds that it is not, to his knowledge, now used by the
Roman Church in divine worship; but that the admirable hymn of
Luther, 'Mitten wir im Leben sind,' still flourishes amongst
the Protestants of Germany, just as the translation in our
Prayer-Book is popular with us."
GEO. A. TREVOR.
Your correspondent J. G. T. asks whence comes the expression in the
Burial Service, "In the midst of life we are in death?" There are some
lines in Petrarch which express precisely the same idea in nearly the
self-same words; but as the thought is by no means an unlikely one to
occur to two separate and independent authors, we may not go to the
length of charging the seeming plagiarism upon the compilers of our
Prayer-Book. I have mislaid the exact reference[5], but subjoin the lines
themselves:
"Omnia paulatim consumit longior ætas,
_Vivendoque simul morimur_, rapimurque manendo:
Ipse mihi collatus enim, non ille videbor;
Frons alia est, moresque alii, nova mentis imago,
Voxque aliud mutata sonat."
JOHN BOOKER.
Prestwich.
[Footnote 5: Barbato Sulmonensi, epist. i.--ED.]
* * * * *
PATRICK'S PURGATORY.
(Vol. vii., p. 552.)
Dr. Lanigan, in his learned _Ecclesiastical History of Ireland_ (vol.
i. p. 368.), states that the so-called Patrick's Purgatory is situated
at Lough Derg (Donegal). It is never mentioned in any of the lives of
the apostle, nor heard of till the eleventh century, the period at
which the canons regular of St. Augustine first appeared, for it was to
persons of that order, as the story goes, that St. Patrick confided the
care of that cavern of wonders. Now there were no such persons in the
island in which it is situated, nor in that of St. Davoc [Dabeoc?] in
the same lake, until about the beginning of the twelfth century. This
purgatory, or purging place, of Lough Derg, was set up against another
Patrick's purgatory, viz. that of Croagh Patrick, mentioned by Jocelyn,
which, however ill-founded the vulgar opinion concerning it, was less
objectionable. Some writers have said that it got the name of Patrick's
Purgatory from an Abbot Patrick, that lived in the ninth century; but
neither were there canons regular of St. Augustine at that time, nor were
such abridged modes of atoning to the Almighty for the sins of a whole
life then thought of. It was demolished in the year 1497, by order of the
Pope, although it has since been in some manner restored.
The original Patrick's Purgatory then, it would appear, was at Croagh
Patrick, in Mayo, near Westport; speaking of the pilgrimages made to
which, the monk Jocelyn (in his _Life of St. Patrick_, written A.D. 1180,
cap. 172.) says that--
"Some of those who spent a night there stated that they had
been subjected to most fearful torments, which had the effect,
as they supposed, of purging them from their sins, for which
reason also certain of them gave to that place the name of St.
Patrick's Purgatory."
By the authority of the Lords Justices who governed Ireland in 1633,
previously to the appointment of Wentworth, Lough Derg Purgatory was
once more suppressed; but the sort of piety then fostered among the
members of the Roman communion in Ireland could ill afford to resign
without a struggle what was to them a source of so much consolation.
High influence was, therefore, called into action to procure the
reversal of the sentence; and the Roman Catholic Queen of Charles I.
was induced to address to the Lord Deputy of Ireland a letter in which
she requested that he would be pleased "to allow, that the devotions
which the people of that country have ever been wont to pay to a St.
Patrick's place there, may not be abolished." The Lord Deputy declined
acceding to this request, and said in his reply, "I fear, at this time,
when some men's zeal hath run them already, not only beyond their wits,
_but almost forth of their allegiance too_, it might furnish them with
something to say in prejudice and scandal to his majesty's government,
which, for the present indeed, is by all means to be avoided." And adds,
"your Majesty might do passing well to let this devotion rest awhile."
After this second suppression, the devotion has a second time been "in
some manner restored;" and {179} multitudes throng to the place on
the faith of a false tradition, so long since exposed and exploded by
their own authorities. Three hundred and fifty years ago, the Pope,
the representative of the Bishop of Clogher, and the head of the
Franciscans in Donegal, combined their efforts to put down the scandalous
fabrication; but yet it remains to this day an object of cherished
religious veneration--an object of confidence and faith, on which many
a poor soul casts itself to find consolation and repose. And those
multitudes of pilgrims, year after year, assemble there, no influence
which they look to for guidance forbidding them, to do homage to the vain
delusion.
D. W. S. P. will find farther information on this subject in _The
Catholic Layman_ for April last: Curry, Dublin.
WILLIAM BLOOD.
Wicklow.
* * * * *
LORD WILLIAM RUSSELL.
(Vol. viii., p. 100.)
In answer to W. L. M.'s inquiry, "where the virtuous and patriotic
William Lord Russell was buried?" I beg to state that I possess a
pamphlet entitled:
"The whole Tryal and Defence of William Lord Russel, who Dyed
a Martyr to the _Romish_ Fury in the Year 1683, with the
Learned Arguments of the Council on both sides. Together with
his Behaviour and Speech upon the Scaffold: His Character and
Behaviour. London: printed by J. Bradford, at the Bible in
Fetter Lane."
There is no date to it; but from the appearance of the paper, type, a
rude woodcut of the execution, &c., I doubt not that it was printed soon
after the event, or certainly immediately after the Revolution, to meet
the popular wishes to have information on the subject. It consists of
sixteen octavo pages, very closely printed. The opening paragraph says:
"Among the many that suffered in a _Protestant_ cause [all
the _Italics_ used in this communication are those of the
pamphlet], and indeed whose measure seem'd to be the hardest of
all, was this honorable person _William_ Lord _Russel_, who was
generally lamented for his excellent Temper and good Qualities;
being allowed to be one of the most sober and judicious
Noblemen in the Kingdom, which even his Enemies could not deny;
and the Merit and Esteem he bore was more cause of Offence
against him than any Matter that was reap'd up at his Tryal;
all which in effect was merely grounded upon Malice (I mean
_Popish_ Malice) that could not be forgot, from his Lordship's
being one of those earnest sticklers for _Protestant_
Liberty, and even the very foremost that prefer'd the Bill of
Exclusion," &c.
Then follows the trial, headed "July 13, 1683, the _Lord_ Russel _came to
his Tryal at the_ Old Bailey." The indictment is described; the names of
the jury are given; judges and counsel named; the evidence, examinations,
and cross-examinations (by Lord Russel) very interestingly narrated: the
Report concluding, after a short address from Lord Russel, "Then the
Court adjourned till four in the afternoon, and brought him in guilty."
These particulars are followed by "_The last Speech and Carriage of the
Lord_ Russel _upon the Scaffold, &c._" As to the executioner's work, all
other accounts that I have seen state that after "two" strokes the head
was severed from the body. The publication says:
"The Executioner, missing at his first Stroke, though with
that he took away his Life, at two more severed the Head from
the Body.... Mr. Sheriff [continues the account] ordered his
Friends or Servants to take the Body, and dispose of it as they
pleased, being given them by His Majesty's _Favour and Bounty_."
The narrative proceeds:
"His Body was conveyed to _Cheneys_ in _Buckinghamshire_, where
'twas Buried among his Ancestors. There was a great _Storm_,
and many loud _Claps_ of _Thunder_ the Day of his _Martyrdom_.
An _Elegy_ was made on him immediately after his Death, which
seems, by what we have of it, to be writ with some _Spirit_,
and a great deal of Truth and Good-will; only this Fragment
on't could be retriev'd, which yet may not be unwelcome to the
Reader:
'_'Tis done--he's_ Crown'd, _and one bright_ Martyr _more_,
_Black_ Rome, _is charg'd on thy too bulky score._
_All_ like himself, _he mov'd so calm, so free_,
_A general whisper question'd_--Which is he?
_Decked like a_ Lover--_tho' pale Death's his_ Bride,
_He_ came, _and_ saw, _and_ overcame, _and_ dy'd.
_Earth weeps, and all the vainly pitying Crowd_:
_But Heaven his Death in_ Thunder _groan'd aloud.'_"
A "sketch of his character" closes the account. Perhaps W. S. M. may deem
these particulars not wholly uninteresting, but tolerably conclusive,
considering the time of publication, when the fact must have been
notorious.
A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD.
* * * * *
OAKEN TOMBS, ETC.
(Vol. vii., p. 528.)
At Banham, Norfolk, in a recess in the wall of the north aisle of the
church, is an oaken effigy of a knight in armour in a recumbent position.
Blomefield says:
"It is plain that it was made for Sir Hugh Bardolph, Knight,
sometime lord of Gray's Manor, in this town, who died in 1203,
for under his left arm there is a large cinquefoil, which is
the badge of that family," &c.
Since he wrote, however (1739), with a view to the better preservation
of this interesting relic, some spirited churchwarden has caused it to
be {180} well painted and sanded so that it now looks _almost_ as well
as stone. At the same time, the marks by which Blomefield thought to
identify it are necessarily obliterated.
T. B. B. H.
William de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, who was slain at Bayonne in
1296,--his effigy in wood is in St. Edmund's Chapel in Westminster Abbey,
covered with enamelled brass. There is also in Abergavenny Church,
amongst the general wreck of monumental remains there, a cross-legged
effigy in wood, represented in chain mail; which the late Sir Samuel
Meyrick supposed to have been that of William de Valence. It is mentioned
in Coxe's _Monmouthshire_, p. 192.
The effigy of Aymer de Valence referred to in Whitaker ("N. & Q.," Vol.
vii., p. 528.) is not of wood; he evidently refers to that of William de
Valence.
In Gloucester Cathedral there is the wooden monument of a cross-legged
knight attributed to Robert Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of the
Conqueror; but it is probably of a little later period.
THOMAS W. KING (York Herald).
College of Arms.
In the Cathedral of Gloucester, there is a wooden effigy of the
unfortunate Robert Duke of Normandy, eldest son of the Conqueror. It is
so many years since I saw it, that I do not offer any description: but,
if my memory be correct, it has the legs crossed, and (what is curious)
is loose, and can be turned about on the tomb.
A. C. M.
Exeter.
On the south side of the chancel of St. Giles' Church, Durham, is a
wooden effigy in full armour; the head resting on a helmet, and the hands
raised as in prayer. It is supposed to be the tomb of John Heath, who
became possessed of the Hospital of St. Giles Kepyer, and is known to
have been buried in the chancel of St. Giles' Church. He died in 1590. At
the feet of the wooden effigy, are the words "HODIE MICHI." The figure
was restored in colours about ten years ago.
CUTHBERT BEDE, B. A.
* * * * *
"COULD WE WITH INK," &c.
(Vol. viii., p. 127.)
The _bonâ fide_ author of the following lines--
"Could we with ink the ocean fill,
And were the heavens of parchment made,
Were every stalk on earth a quill,
And every man a scribe by trade;
To write the love of God above,
Would drain the ocean dry;
Nor could the scroll contain the whole,
Though stretch'd from sky to sky."
is Rabbi Mayir ben Isaac. The above eight lines are almost a literal
translation of four Chaldee ones, which form part of a beautiful ode on
the attributes of God, not unmixed with a considerable proportion of the
fabulous, which is sung in every synagogue during the service of the
first day of the feast of Pentecost.
May I now be permitted to ask you, or any of your numerous
correspondents, to inform me who was the _bonâ fide_ translator of Rabbi
Mayir ben Isaac's lines? The English lines are often quoted by itinerant
advocates of charity societies as having been found inscribed, according
to some, on the walls of a lunatic asylum, according to others, on the
walls of a prison, as occasion requires; but extempore quotations on
platforms are sometimes vague.
MOSES MARGOLIOUTH.
Wybunbury.
The verses are in Grose's _Olio_ (p. 292.), and are there said to be
written by nearly an idiot, then living (March 16, 1779) at Cirencester.
It happens, however, that long before the supposed idiot was born, one
Geoffrey Chaucer made use of the same idea, and the same expressions,
although applied to a totally different subject, viz. in his "Balade
warnynge men to beware of deceitful women:"--
"In soth to saie though all the yerth so wanne
Wer parchment smoth, white and scribbabell,
And the gret see, that called is th' Ocean,
Were tourned into ynke blackir than sabell,
Eche sticke a pen, eche man a scrivener able,
Not coud thei writin woman's treacherie,
Beware, therefore, the blind eteth many a flie."
Again in the "Remedie of Love," the same lines occur with a few slight
alterations.
In vol. x. of the _Modern Universal History_, p. 430. _note_, I meet with
this sentence:
"He was succeeded by Jochanan; not in right of descent, but
of his extraordinary merits; which the Rabbies, according to
custom, have raised to so surprising a height, that, according
to them, if the whole heavens were paper, all the trees in the
world pens, and all the men writers, they would not suffice to
pen down all his lessons."
In later times, in Miss C. Sinclair's _Hill and Valley_, p. 25., we have:
"If the lake could be transformed into an ink-stand, the
mountains into paper; and if all the birds that hover on high
were to subscribe their wings for quills, it would be still
insufficient to write half the praise and admiration that are
justly due."
C. I. R.
These lines are by Dr. Watts. I cannot just now distinctly recollect
_where_ they are to be found, but I think in Milner's _Life of Watts_.
My recollection of them is that they were impromptu, given at an evening
party.
H. S. S.
{181}
* * * * *
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
_Washing or not washing Collodion Pictures after developing, previous to
fixing._--Since the question has been mooted I have tried both ways, and
have come to the conclusion that there is very little difference in the
resulting appearance of the picture. The hypo. is certainly deteriorated
when no washing is adopted. I think it is best to pour off the first
quantity applied into a cup kept for the purpose; this is discoloured: I
then pour on more clean hypo., and let it remain till the picture clears,
and pour _this_ into another cup or bottle for future use. What was
poured into the first cup may, when a sufficient quantity is obtained,
be filtered, and by adding more of the salt is not useless. I pour on
merely enough at first to wash off the developing fluid, and pour it
off at once. The picture is cleared much sooner if the saturated hypo.
solution is warmed, which I do by plunging the bottle into a pewter pint
pot filled with hot water.
W. M. F.
_Stereoscopic Angles_ (Vol. viii., pp. 109. 157.).--I perfectly
agree with your correspondent MR. T. L. MERRITT (p. 109.) respecting
"stereoscopic angles," having arrived at the same conclusion some months
since, while at Hastings, where I produced stereoscopic pictures by
moving the camera _only two inches_: having in one, _seven_ houses and
_five_ bathing-machines; and in the other, _five_ houses and _eight_
bathing-machines. If I had separated the two pictures more, I should have
had _all bathing-machines_ in one and _all houses_ in the other; which
convinced me that nothing more is required than the width of the two eyes
for all distances, or, slightly to exaggerate it, to three inches, which
will produce a pleasing and natural effect: for it is quite certain that
our eyes do not become wider apart as we recede from an object, and that
the intention is to give a true representation of nature as seen by one
person. Now, most stereoscopic pictures represent nature as it never
could be seen by any one person, from the same point of view; and I feel
confident that all photographers, who condescend to make stereoscopic
pictures, will arrive at the same conclusion before the end of this
season.
If this be correct, all difficulty is removed; for it is always advisable
to take two pictures of the same prospect, in case one should not be
good: and two very indifferent negatives will combine into one very good
positive, when viewed by the stereoscope: thus proving the old saying,
that two negatives make an affirmative.
HENRY WILKINSON.
Brompton.
_Sisson's Developing Solution._--In answer to S. B.'s inquiry, I beg to
say, that I have not tried the above solution as a bath. I have always
poured it on, believing that it was easier to observe the progress of
the picture by that mode. If S. B. will forward me his address, I shall
be happy to enter more minutely into my mode of operating with it than
I can through the medium of "N. & Q." I have received other favourable
testimony as to the value of my developing fluid for glass positives.
While I am writing, will you allow me to ask your photographic
correspondents whether any of them have tried Mr. Müller's paper process
referred to by Mr. Delamotte at p. 145. of his work? It was first
announced in the _Athenæum_ of Nov. 2, 1851. When I first commenced
photography (June, 1852), I tried the process; and from what I did
with it, when I was almost entirely ignorant of the manipulation, I am
inclined to think it a valuable process. The sharpness of the tracery in
my church windows, in a picture I took by the process, is remarkable.
Mr. Delamotte truly says: "This is a most striking discovery, as it
supersedes the necessity of any developing agent after the light has
acted on the paper." Mr. Müller says, that simple washing in water seems
to be sufficient to fix the picture. This is also a striking discovery,
and totally unlike any other very sensitive process that I am acquainted
with; and more striking still, that the process should not have been more
practised.
J. LAWSON SISSON.
Edingthorpe Rectory.
* * * * *
Replies to Minor Queries.
_Robert Drury_ (Vol. v., p. 533.; Vol. vii., p. 485.; vol. viii., p.
104.).--I believe the _Journal_ of Robert Drury to be a genuine book of
travels and adventures, and here is my voucher:
"The best and most authentic account ever given of Madagascar
was published in 1729, by Robert Drury, who being shipwrecked
in the Degrave East Indiaman, on the south side of that island,
in 1702, being then a boy, lived there as a slave fifteen
years, and after his return to England, among those who knew
him (and he was known to many, being a porter at the East India
House), had the character of a downright honest man, without
any appearance of fraud or imposture."--John Duncombe, M. A.,
one of the six preachers in Christ Church, Canterbury, 1773.
Mr. Duncombe quotes several statements from Drury which coincide with
those of the Reverend William Hirst, the astronomer, who touched at
Madagascar, on his voyage to India, in 1759. Ten years afterwards Mr.
Hirst perished in the Aurora, and with him the author of _The Shipwreck_.
BOLTON CORNEY.
_Real Signatures versus Pseudo-Names_ (Vol. vi., p. 310.; Vol. viii.,
p. 94.).--There is no doubt that the straightforwardness of open and
undisguised communications to your excellent miscellany {182} is
desirable; but a few words may be said on behalf of your anonymous
contributors. If the rule were established that every correspondent
should add his name to his communication, many of your friends might,
from motives of delicacy, decline asking a question or hazarding a reply.
By adopting a _nom-de-guerre_, men eminent in their various pursuits can
quietly and unostentatiously ask a question, or contribute information.
If the latter be done with reference to standard works of authority, or
to MSS. preserved in our public depositories, the disclosure of the name
of the contributor adds nothing to the matter contributed, and he may
rejoice that he has been the means of promoting the objects of the "N.
& Q." without the "blushing to find it fame." It should, however, be a
_sine quâ non_ that all original communications, and those of matters of
fact, should be authenticated by a real signature, when no reference can
be given to authorities not accessible to the public; and it is to be
regretted that such authentication has not, in such cases, been generally
afforded.
THOS. WM. KING (York Herald).
_Lines on the Institution of the Garter_ (Vol. viii., p. 53.).--
"Her stocking's security fell from her knee,
Allusions and hints, sneers and whispers went round."
May I put a Query on the idea suggested by these lines--that the
accidental dropping of her garter implied an imputation on the fair fame
of the Countess of Salisbury. Why should this be? That it did imply an
imputation, I judge as well from the vindication of the lady by King
Edward, as also from the proverbial expression used in Scotland, and to
be found in Scott's _Works_, of "casting a leggin girth," as synonymous
with a female "faux pas." I have a conjecture, but should not like to
venture it, without inquiring the general impression as to the origin of
this notion.
A. B. R.
Belmont.
_"Short red, God red," &c._ (Vol. vii., p. 500.).--Sir Walter Scott has
committed an oversight when, in _Tales of a Grandfather_, vol. i. p. 85.,
he mentions a murderer of the Bishop of Caithness to have made use of the
expression, "Schort red, God red, slea ye the bischop." Adam, Bishop of
Caithness, was burnt by the mob near Thurso, in 1222, for oppression in
the exaction of tithes; John, Earl of Orkney and Caithness, was killed in
retaliation by the bishop's party in 1231.
The language spoken at that time on the sea-coast of Caithness must
have been Norse. Sutherland would appear to have been wrested from
the Orkney-Norwegians before that period, and the Celtic tongue and
race gaining on the Norse; but on the sea-coast of Caithness I should
apprehend the Norse continued to be the spoken tongue till a later
period, when it was superseded by the Scottish. The Norwegians in the
end of the ninth century colonised Orkney, and expelled or destroyed the
former inhabitants. The Western Isles were also subjugated by them at
that time, and probably Caithness, or at all events a little later. It
would be desirable to know the race and tongue previously existing in
Caithness, and if these were lost in the Norwegians and Norse, and an
earlier Christianity in Scandinavian Paganism. This may, however, lead
to the unfathomably dark subject of the Picts. Is it known when Norse
ceased to be spoken in Caithness? The story of the burning of the Bishop
of Caithness forms the conclusion of the _Orkneyinga Saga_; and vide
Torfæus, _Orcades_, p. 154., and Dalrymple's _Annals of Scotland_, of
dates 1222 and 1231.
F.
_Martha Blount_ (Vol. vii., pp. 38. 117.).--At "Brandon," the seat of the
Harrisons on the James River, Virginia, is a likeness of Miss Blount by
Sir Godfrey Kneller; and at "Berkeley," also on the James River, and the
residence of another branch of the same family, is one of the Duchess
of Montagu, also by Kneller. Thus much in answer to the Query. But in
this connexion I would mention, that on the James River are many fine
pictures, portraits of worthies famous in English history. At "Shirley"
there is one of Col. Hill, by Vandyke; at Brandon, one of Col. Byrd, by
Vandyke; also Lord Orrery, Duke of Argyle, Lord Albemarle, Lord Egmont,
Sir Robert Walpole, and others, by Kneller.
These pictures are mentioned in chap. ix. of _Travels in North America
during the Years_ 1834-1836, by the Hon. Charles Augustus Murray; a
gentleman who either is, or was, Master of the Queen's Household.
T. BALCH.
Philadelphia.
_Longevity_ (Vol. viii., p. 113.).--As W. W. asserts that there is a
lady living (or was two months ago) in South Carolina, who is _known_
to be 131 years old, he will no doubt be good enough to let the readers
of "N. & Q." _know_ it also. And although W. W. thinks it will not be
necessary to search in "annual or parish registers" to prove the age of
the singular Singleton, yet he must produce documentary evidence of some
sort; unless, indeed, he _knows_ an older person who remembers the birth
of the aged Carolinian.
Having paid the well-known Mr. Barnum a fee to see a negress, whom the
_cute_ showman exhibited as the nurse of the great Washington, I have
fifty cents worth of reasons to subscribe myself
A DOUBTER.
_Its_ (Vol. vii., p. 578.).--B. H. C. is perfectly correct in saying,
that I was mistaken in my quotation from Fairfax's _Tasso_. It only
remains for {183} me to explain how I fell into the error. It was, then,
from using Mr. Knight's edition of the work for though the orthography
was modernised, which I like, I never dreamed of an editor's taking the
liberty of altering the text of his author. I love to be corrected when
wrong, and here express my thanks to B. H. C. I inform him that there is
another passage in Shakspeare with _its_ in it, but not having marked it,
I cannot find it just now: I think it is in _Lear_.
I have said that I like modernised orthography. We have modernised that
of the Bible, and of the dramatists; why then are we so superstitious
with respect to the barbarous system of Spenser? I am convinced that the
_Fairy Queen_, if printed in modern orthography, would find many readers
who are repelled by the uncouth and absurd spelling of the poet, who
wanted to rhyme to the eye as well as to the ear. Let us then have a
"Spenser for the People."
THOS. KEIGHTLEY.
_Oldham, Bishop of Exeter_ (Vol. vii., pp. 14. 164. 189. 271.).--MR.
WALCOTT will be interested to learn, that Bishop Hugh Oldham was _not_ a
native of Oldham, but was born at Crumpsall, in the parish of Manchester;
as appears from Dugdale's _Visitation of Lancashire_, and the "Lancashire
MSS.," vol. xxxi. His brother, Richard Oldham, appointed 22nd Abbot of
St. Werburgh's Abbey, Chester, in 1452, was afterwards elevated to the
bishoprick of Man, and, dying Oct. 13, 1485, was buried at Chester Abbey,
Chester.
T. HUGHES.
Chester.
_Boom_ (Vol. vii., p. 620.).--This word, expressive of the cry of the
bittern, is also used as a _noun_:
"And the loud bittern from his bull-rush home
Gave from the salt-ditch side his bellowing boom."
Crabbe, _The Borough_, xxii.
Ebenezer Elliott is another who uses the word as a _verb_:
"No more with her will hear the bittern boom
At evening's dewy close."
CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
_Lord North_ (Vol. vii., p. 317.).--If C. can procure a copy of Lossing's
_Pictorial Field-book of the American Revolution_, he will find in one of
the volumes a woodcut from an _English_ engraving, presenting to our view
George III. as he appeared at the era of the American Revolution. It may
serve to modify his present opinion as to the king's figure, face, &c.
M. E.
Philadelphia.
_Dutch Pottery_ (Vol. v., p. 343.; Vol. vi. p. 253.).--At Arnhem, about
sixty-five or seventy years ago, there existed a pottery founded by two
Germans: H. Brandeis, and the well-known savant H. von Laun, maker of the
planetarium (orrery) described by Professor van Swinden, and purchased
by the Society _Felix Meritis_ in Amsterdam. The son of Mr. Brandeis has
still at his residence, No. 419. Rapenburgerstraat, several articles
manufactured there: such as plates, &c. What I have seen is much coarser
than the Saxon porcelain, yet much better than our Delft ware. Perhaps
Mr. Van Embden, grandson and successor of Von Laun, could give farther
information.
S. J. MULDER.
P.S.--Allow me to correct some misprints in Vol. vi., p. 253. Dutch
and German names are often cruelly maltreated in English publications.
In this respect "N. & Q." should be an exception. For "L_i_chner" read
L_ei_chner; for "Dorp_h_eschrÿver" read Dorp_b_eschrÿver; for "Bl_a_sse"
read Bl_ü_ss_é_; for "H_e_eren" read H_a_eren; for "Palland_h_" read
Palland; for "Dae_n_b_a_r" read Dae_u_b_e_r.--From the _Navorscher_.
_Cranmer's Correspondences_ (Vol. vii., p. 621.).--Will MR. WALTER be so
good as to preserve in your columns the letter of which Dean Jenkyns has
only given extracts?
Two points are to be distinguished, Cranmer's wish that Calvin should
assist in a general union of the churches protesting against Romish
error--Calvin's offer to assist in settling the Church of England. The
latter was declined; and the reason is demonstrated in Archbp. Laurence's
_Bampton Lectures_.
S. Z. Z. S.
_Portable Altars_ (Vol. viii., p. 101.).--I am not acquainted with any
treatise on the subject of portable altars, from which your correspondent
can obtain more information, than from that which occupies forty-six
pages in the _Decas Dissertationum Historico-Theologicarum_, published,
for the second time, by Jo. Andr. Schmidt, 4to. Helmstad. 1714.
R. G.
_Poem attributed to Shelley_ (Vol. viii., p. 71.).--The ridiculous
extravaganza attributed to Shelley by an American newspaper, was
undoubtedly never written by that gifted genius. It bears throughout
unmistakeable evidence of its transatlantic origin. No person, who had
not actually witnessed that curious vegetable parasite, the _Spanish
moss_ of the southern states of America, hanging down in long, hairy-like
plumes from the branches of a large tree, would have imagined the lines,--
"The downy clouds droop
Like moss upon a tree."
Who, again, could believe that Shelley, an English gentleman and scholar,
could ever, either in writing or conversation, have made use of the
common American vulgarism, "play hell!"
{184}
The question of the authorship of such a production, apart from its being
attributed to Shelley, is, in my humble opinion, a matter of little or no
interest. But as a probable guess, I should say that it carries strong
internal evidence of having been written by that erratic mortal, Edgar
Poe.
W. PINKERTON.
Ham.
_Lady Percy, Wife of Hotspur (Daughter of Edmumd Mortimer, Earl of
March)_ (Vol. viii., p. 104.).--On reference to the volume and page
of Miss Strickland's _Lives of the Queens of England_, cited by your
correspondent G., I find that not only does this lady, by her sweeping
assertion, bastardise the second E. of Northumberland, but, in her
zeal to outsay all that "ancient heralds" ever can have said, she
annihilates, or at least reduces to a myth, the mother of Thomas, eighth
Lord Clifford. This infelicitous statement may have been corrected in
the second edition of the _Lives_, for in "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 42.,
there is a detailed pedigree tracing the descent of Jane Seymour through
Margaret Wentworth, her mother, by an intermarriage with a Wentworth,
and a _granddaughter_ of Hotspur, Lord Percy, (not _daughter_, as Miss
Strickland writes) from the blood-royal of England. My object, however,
in writing this is not farther to point attention to Miss Strickland's
mistake, but to invite discussion to the point where this pedigree may
be possibly faulty. I will not say "all ancient heralds," but some
heralds, at least, of acknowledged reputation, viz. Nicolas, Collins,
and Dugdale[6], have stated that the wife of Sir Philip Wentworth was
a daughter of Roger fifth Lord Clifford. If this be so, in truth there
is an end at once of the Seymour's claim to royal lineage; for it is an
undoubted fact that it was the grandson of Roger fifth Lord, namely,
John, seventh Lord Clifford, K.G., who married Hotspur's only daughter.
C. V.
[Footnote 6: Nicolas, _Scrope and Grosvenor Roll_, ii. 471.;
Collins, _Peerage_, 5th ed., vi. 358.; Dugdale, _Baronage_, i.
341.]
"_Up, guards, and at them!_" (Vol. v., p. 426.; Vol. viii., p.
111.).--Some years ago, about the time that the Wellington statue on the
arch at Hyde Park Corner was erected, I was dining at a table where Wyatt
the artist was present. The conversation turned much upon the statue, and
the exact period at which the great Duke is represented. Wyatt said that
he was represented at that moment when he is supposed to have used the
words: "Up, guards, and at them!" It having been questioned whether he
ever uttered the words, I asked the artist whether, when he was taking
the Duke's portrait, the Duke himself acknowledged using them? To which
he replied, that the Duke said that he did not recollect having uttered
those words and, in fact, that he could not say what expression he did
use on that occasion. The company at dinner seemed much satisfied with
Wyatt's authority on this point.
J. D. GARDNER.
_Pennycomequick_ (Vol. viii., p. 113.).--A similar story to that related
by your correspondent MR. HELE is told of Falmouth. Previously to its
being incorporated as a town by Charles II., it was called _Smithick_,
from a smith's shop, near a _creek_, which extended up the valley. The
old Cornish word _ick_ signifies a "creek;" and as it became a village it
was called "Pennycomequick," which your correspondent H. C. K. clearly
explains. The Welsh and Cornish languages are in close affinity. The
name "Pennycomequick" is evidently a corrupted old Cornish name: see
Pryce's _Archæologia Cornu-Britannica_, v. "Pen," "Coomb," and "Ick,"
the head of the narrow valley, defile or creek. It has been thought by
some to mean "the head of the cuckoo's valley;" and your correspondent's
Welsh derivation seems to countenance such a translation. The cuckoo is
known in Scotland, Wales, and Cornwall as "the _Gawk_ Gwich." MR. HELE,
perhaps, will be amused at the traditional story of the Falmouthians
respecting the origin of Pennycomequick. Before the year 1600, there
were few houses on the site of the present town: a woman, who had been a
servant with an ancestor of the late honourable member for West Cornwall,
Mr. Pindarves, came to reside there, and that gentleman directed her to
brew some good ale, as he should occasionally visit the place with his
friends. On one of his visits he was disappointed, and expressed himself
angry at not finding any ale. It appeared on explanation that a Dutch
vessel came into the harbour the preceding day, and the Dutchmen drained
her supply; she said the _Penny come so quick_, she could not refuse to
sell it.
JAMES CORNISH.
Falmouth.
_Captain Booth of Stockport_ (Vol. viii., p. 102.).--In answer to MR.
HUGHES'S inquiry about this antiquary, I beg to state that he will find
an _Ordinary of Arms_, drawn up by Captain Booth of Stockport, in the
Shepherd Library, Preston, Lancashire. It is one among the numerous
valuable MSS. given by the executors of the late historian of Lancashire,
Ed. Baines, Esq., M.P., to that library. In Lysons' _Magna Britannia_
(volume Cheshire), your correspondent will also find a mention of a John
Booth, Esq., of Twemlow, Cheshire, who was the author of various heraldic
manuscripts. It may, perhaps, be hardly necessary to inform Cheshire
antiquaries that an almost inexhaustible fund of information, on heraldry
and genealogy, is to be found in the manuscripts of Randle Holme,
formerly of Chester, which are {185} now preserved among the Harleian
MSS. in the British Museum.
JAYTEE.
_"Hurrah," &c._ (Vol. viii., p. 20.).--The _clameur de Haro_ still exists
in Jersey, and is the ancient form there of opposing all encroachments
on landed property, and the first step to be taken by which an ejectment
can be finally obtained. It was decided in Pinel and Le Gallais, that the
_clameur de Haro_ does not apply to the opposal of the execution of a
decree of the Royal Court.
It is a remarkable feature in this process, that it is carried on by the
crown; and that the losing party, whether plaintiff or defendant, is
mulcted in a small fine to the king, because the sacred name of _Haro_ is
not to be carelessly invoked with impunity.
See upon the subject of the _clameur_, _Le Geyt sur les Constitutions,
etc. de Jersey_, par Marett, vol. i. p. 294.
M. L.
Lincoln's Inn.
I do not think that the explanation of these words, quoted by MR. BRENT,
is much more probable than that of "Hierosolyma est perdita." In the
first place, if we are to believe Dr. Johnson, _hips_ are not _sloes_,
but the fruit or seed-vessels of the dog-rose or briar, which usually go
by that name, and from which it would be difficult to make any infusion
resembling wine. In the next place, it will be found, on reference to
Ben Jonson's lines "over the door at the entrance into the Apollo" (vol.
vii. p. 295., ed. 1756), of which the distich forms a part, that it is
misquoted. The words are,--
"Hang up all the poor _hop_-drinkers,
Cries old Sym, the king of skinkers;"
the hop or ale-drinkers being contrasted with the votaries of wine, "the
milk of Venus," and "the true Phœbeian liquor." Is it not possible, after
all, that the repetition of, "Hip, hip, hip," is merely intended to mark
the time for the grand exertion of the lungs to be made in enunciating
the final "Hurrah!"?
CHEVERELLS.
_Detached Belfry Towers_ (Vol. vii., p. 333.; Vol. viii., p. 63.).--The
bell-tower at Hackney, mentioned by B. H. C., is that of the old parish
church of St. Augustine. This church was rebuilt in the early part of the
sixteenth century, which is about the time of the present tower; and when
the church was finally taken down in 1798, the tower was forced to be
left standing, because the new parish church of St. John-at-Hackney was
not strong enough to support the peal of eight bells.
H. T. GRIFFITH.
Hull.
_Blotting-paper_ (Vol. viii., p. 104.).--I am disposed to agree with
SPERIEND in thinking Carlyle must be mistaken in saying this substance
was not used in Cromwell's time. The ordinary means for drying writing
was by means of the fine silver sand, now but rarely used for that
purpose; but I have seen pieces of blotting-paper among MSS. of the
time of Charles I., so as to lead me to think it was even then used,
though sparingly. This is only conjecture; but I can, however, establish
its existence at a rather earlier date than 1670. In an "Account of
Stationery supplied to the Receipt of the Exchequer and the Treasury,
1666-1668," occur several entries of "one quire of blotting-paper," "two
quires of blotting," &c. Earlier accounts of the same kind (which may be
at the Rolls House, Chancery Lane) might enable one to fix the date of
its introduction.
J. B-T.
The following occurs in Townesend's _Preparative to Pleading_ (Lond.
12mo. 1675), p. 8.:
"Let the dusting or sanding of presidents in books be avoided,
rather using _fine brown paper to prevent blotting_, if time
of the ink's drying cannot be allowed; for sand takes away the
good colour of the ink, and getting into the backs of books
makes them break their binding."
From this passage it may be inferred, that fine brown paper, to prevent
blotting, was then rather a novelty.
C. H. COOPER.
Cambridge.
_Riddles for the Post-Office_ (Vol. vii., p. 258.).--The following is
an exact copy of the direction of a letter mailed a few years ago by a
German living in Lancaster county, Pa.:
"Tis is fur old Mr. Willy wot brinds de Baber in Lang
Kaster ware ti gal is gist rede him assume as it cums to ti
Pushtufous."
meaning--
"This is for old Mr. Willy, what prints the paper in Lancaster,
where the jail is. Just read him as soon as it comes to the
Post-Office."
Inclosed was an essay _against public schools_.
UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
_Mulciber_ (Vol. iii., p. 102.).--I beg to inform MR. WARDE that in the
printed Key to the _Dispensary_ it is said, "'Tis the opinion of many
that our poet means here Mr. Thomas Foley, a lawyer of notable parts."
T. K.
* * * * *
Miscellaneous.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
Although, like Canning's knife-grinder, we do not care to meddle with
politics, we have one volume on our table belonging to that department of
life which deserves passing mention, we mean Mr. Urquhart's _Progress of
Russia in the West, North, and South, by opening the Sources of Opinion,
and appropriating the {186} Channels of Wealth and Power_, which those
who differ most widely from Mr. Urquhart will probably deem worth
reading at a moment when all eyes are turned towards St. Petersburgh. It
is of course a knowledge of the great interest everywhere felt in the
Russian-Turkish question, which has induced Messrs. Longman to reprint
in their _Traveller's Library_, in a separate form and with additions,
_Turkey and Christendom, an Historical Sketch of the Relations between
the Ottoman Empire and the States of Europe_.
The Rev. R. W. Eyton announces for publication by subscription
_Antiquities of Shropshire_, which is intended to contain such accessible
materials as may serve to illustrate the history of the county during the
first two centuries after the Norman Conquest, though that period is not
proposed as an invariable limit. The preface to the first Number will
give an account of the public authorities which the author has consulted,
as well as of the materials which have been supplied or promised by the
kindness of individuals. Each Number will contain six sheets (96 pages),
and will be accompanied by maps or illustrations referable to the period.
Each fourth Number will include an Index. The first part will be put to
press as soon as 200 Subscribers are obtained, and the number of copies
printed will be limited to those originally subscribed for.
We are again indebted to Mr. Bohn for several valuable additions to our
stores of cheap literature. In his _Standard Library_ he has published
two volumes of _Lectures delivered at Broadmead Chapel, Bristol, by
the late John Foster_. In his _Antiquarian Library_ he has given us
the second volume of _Matthew of Westminster's Flowers of History_,
translated by C. D. Yonge, who has added a short but very useful
Index: while in his _Classical Library_ we have the first volume of
_The Comedies of Aristophanes: a New and Literal Translation from the
revised Text of Dindorf, with Notes and Extracts from the best Metrical
Versions_, by W. J. Hickie. The present volume contains The Acharnians,
Knights, Clouds, Wasps, Peace, and Birds.
* * * * *
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
HOWARD FAMILY, HISTORICAL ANECDOTES OF, by Charles Howard, 1769. 12mo.
TOOKE'S DIVERSIONS OF PURLEY.
NUCES PHILOSOPHICÆ, by E. Johnson.
PARADISE LOST. First Edition.
SHARPE'S (Sir Cuthbert) BISHOPRICK GARLAND. 1834.
LASHLEY'S YORK MISCELLANY. 1734.
DIBDIN'S TYPOGRAPHICAL ANTIQUITIES. 4to. Vol. II.
BAYLEY'S LONDINIANA. Vol. II. 1829.
THE SCRIPTURE DOCTRINE OF THE TRINITY JUSTIFIED. 1774.
PARKHURST ON THE DIVINITY OF OUR SAVIOUR. 1787.
HAWARDEN ON THE TRINITY.
BERRIMAN'S SEASONABLE REVIEW OF WHISTON'S DOXOLOGIES, 1719.
---- SECOND REVIEW. 1719.
BISHOP OF LONDON'S LETTER TO INCUMBENTS ON DOXOLOGIES. 26th Dec. 1718.
BISHOP MARSH'S SPEECH IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS, 7th June, 1822.
---- ADDRESS TO THE SENATE (Cambridge).
---- COMMENCEMENT SERMON. 1813.
REPLY TO ACADEMICUS BY A FRIEND TO DR. KIPLING. 1802.
RYAN'S ANALYSIS OF WARD'S ERRATA. Dubl. 1808.
HAMILTON'S LETTERS ON ROMAN CATHOLIC BIBLE. Dubl. 1826.
DICKEN ON THE MARGINAL RENDERINGS OF THE BIBLE.
STEPHEN'S SERMON ON THE PERSONALITY OF THE HOLY GHOST. 1725. Third
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---- UNION OF NATURES. 1722. Second Edition.
---- ETERNAL GENERATION. 1723. Second Edition.
---- HETERODOX HYPOTHESES. 1724, or Second Edition.
SCOTT'S NOVELS, without the Notes. Constable's Miniature Edition. The
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WEDDELL'S VOYAGE TO THE SOUTH POLE.
SCHLOSSER'S HISTORY OF THE 18TH CENTURY, translated by Davison. Parts
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SOWERBY'S ENGLISH BOTANY, with or without Supplementary Volumes.
DUGDALE'S ENGLAND AND WALES, Vol. VIII. London, L. Tallis.
LINGARD'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Second Edition, 1823, 9th and following
Volumes, in Boards.
LONG'S HISTORY OF JAMAICA.
LIFE OF THE REV. ISAAC MILLES. 1721.
SIR THOMAS HERBERT'S THRENODIA CAROLINA: or, Last Days of Charles I. Old
Edition, and that of 1813 by Nicol.
SIR THOMAS HERBERT'S TRAVELS IN ASIA AND AFRICA. Folio.
LETTERS OF THE HERBERT FAMILY.
BISHOP MORLEY'S VINDICATION. 4to. 1683.
LIFE OF ADMIRAL BLAKE, written by a Gentleman bred in his Family. London.
12mo. With Portrait by Fourdrinier.
OSWALDI CROLLII OPERA. Genevæ, 1635. 12mo.
UNHEARD-OF CURIOSITIES, translated by Chilmead. London, 1650. 12mo.
BEAUMONT'S PSYCHE. Second Edition. Camb. 1702. fol.
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* * * * *
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A CONSTANT READER _is informed that the line_ "Tempora mutantur," &c.,
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VERUS _has misunderstood our Notice. Our object was to ascertain_ where
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J. O.--J. H. _would be obliged if our correspondent_ J. O. ("N. & Q.,"
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* * * * *
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MR. HOFFMAN'S CHRONICLES OF CARTAPHILUS, THE WANDERING JEW. Embracing a
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London: THOMAS BOSWORTH, 215. Regent Street.
* * * * *
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MEMOIRS ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF BRISTOL, AND THE
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London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
* * * * *
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{187}
* * * * *
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"Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."
London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her
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22_s._; 10lb. 33_s._ The 10lb. and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of
Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry & Co., 77. Regent Street, London.
IMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by
spurious imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta,
Arabaca, and others, the public will do well to see that each canister
bears the name BARRY, DU BARRY & CO., 77. Regent Street, London, in full,
_without which none is genuine_.
* * * * *
WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.
_Directors._
H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.
T. Grissell, Esq.
J. Hunt, Esq.
J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
E. Lucas, Esq.
J. Lys Seager, Esq.
J. B. White, Esq.
J. Carter Wood, Esq.
_Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.; T. Grissell,
Esq.
_Physician._--William Rich, Basham, M.D.
_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application
to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed
in the Prospectus.
Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100_l._, with a Share in
three-fourths of the Profits:--
Age _£_ _s._ _d._
17 1 14 4
22 1 18 8
27 2 4 5
32 2 10 8
37 2 18 6
42 3 8 2
ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
Now ready, price 10_s._ 6_d._, Second Edition, with material additions,
INDUSTRIAL, INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT
BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment,
exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies,
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By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance
Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.
* * * * *
PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions
(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at
BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus
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in all its Branches.
Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
⁂ Catalogues may be had on application.
BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
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* * * * *
PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.
OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every
other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, from its capability
of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, its extreme
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Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames,
&c. may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury
Road, Islington.
New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.
* * * * *
HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post.
It contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different
Bedsteads: also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts.
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HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.
* * * * *
UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY; established by Act of Parliament
in 1834.--8. Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London.
HONORARY PRESIDENTS.
Earl of Courtown
Earl Leven and Melville
Earl of Norbury
Earl of Stair
Viscount Falkland
Lord Elphinstone
Lord Belhaven and Stenton
Wm. Campbell, Esq. of Tillichewan.
LONDON BOARD.
_Chairman._--Charles Graham, Esq.
_Deputy-Chairman._--Charles Downes, Esq.
H. Blair Avarne, Esq.
E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., F.S.A., _Resident_.
C. Berwick Curtis, Esq.
William Fairlie, Esq.
D. Q. Henriques, Esq.
J. G. Henriques, Esq.
F. C. Maitland, Esq.
William Railton, Esq.
F. H. Thomson, Esq.
Thomas Thorby, Esq.
MEDICAL OFFICERS.
_Physician._--Arthur H. Hassall, Esq., M.D. 8. Bennett Street, St.
James's.
_Surgeon._--F. H. Thomson, Esq., 48. Berners Street.
The Bonus added to Policies from March 1834, to December 31. 1847, is as
follows:--
Sum Time Sum added to Policy. Sum payable
Assured. Assured. In 1841. In 1848. at Death.
£ £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d.
5000 14 years 683 6 8 787 10 0 6470 16 8
1000 7 years 157 10 0 1157 10 0
500 1 year 11 5 0 511 5 0
EXAMPLE.--At the commencement of the year 1841, a person aged
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which is 24_l._ 1_s._ 8_d._: in 1847 he had paid in premiums
168_l._ 11_s._ 8_d._; but the profits being 2¼ per cent. per
annum on the sum insured (which is 22_l._ 10_s._ per annum
for each 1000_l._) he had 157_l._ 10_s._ added to the Policy,
almost as much as the premiums paid.
The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and only
one-half need be paid for the first five years, when the Insurance is for
Life. Every information will be afforded on application to the Resident
Director.
* * * * *
PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
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Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the
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Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
* * * * *
PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,
Sanford's, and Canson Frères make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.
Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.
Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
Paternoster Row, London.
* * * * *
BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class
X., in Gold and Silver cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all
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Gold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
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Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's
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BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
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{188}
* * * * *
READY FOR THE PRESS.
תּוֹרָה נְבִיאִים וּכְתוּבִים
THE HEBREW OLD TESTAMENT, with CRITICAL, PHILOLOGICAL, HISTORICAL,
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The Author humbly trusts that, with the blessing of God, the work which
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* * * * *
At Press, to be ready shortly, in 2 vols. small 8vo.
DRAMAS OF CALDERON, Tragic, Comic, and Legendary. Translated from the
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Just published, price 5_s._ cloth, lettered; by post, 5_s._ 6_d._
TRAVELS OF AN IRISH GENTLEMAN IN SEARCH OF RELIGION. With Notes and
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Literary Introduction, by JAMES BURKE, Esq.
London: C. DOLMAN, 61. New Bond Street.
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* * * * *
NEW CLASSICAL DICTIONARIES, EDITED BY DR. WM. SMITH,
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DR. WM. SMITH'S DICTIONARY of GREEK and ROMAN ANTIQUITIES. By various
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* * * * *
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THE PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUM. Part IV.
Containing Four Pictures:--
UMBERSLEY PARK. By Alfred Rosling.
PENSHURST CASTLE. By Philip Delamotte.
THE RUINED FARM. By Hugh Owen.
THE VILLAGE ELM. By Joseph Cundall.
Parts I. II. and III. are now reprinted. Part V. will shortly be ready.
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PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES. Part II. By GEORGE SHAW, ESQ., of Queen's College,
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THE PRACTICE OF PHOTOGRAPHY: A Manual for Students and Amateurs. By
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Collodion Process.
⁂ This Manual contains much practical information.
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PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES. By HUGH OWEN, ESQ.
IVY BRIDGE, DEVON.
THE HARVEST FIELD.
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WOODS IN SPRING.
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* * * * *
TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.
(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY,)
Of Saturday, August 13, contains Articles on
Allotment gardens, by Mr. Bailey
Bees
Books, botanical
Botanical Society of Edinburgh
Calceolaria, culture of the, by Mr. Constantine
Calendar, horticultural
---- agricultural
Cannas for bedding
Carnation and Picotee
Society, National
Chelsea Botanic Garden, by Mr. Moore
Clover, Alsyke
Crops, reports of the state of
Cropping, double, by Mr. Ayres
Dahlias, to shade
Draining match, Hertfordshire Entomological Society
Farmers, importance of science to
Farming, Dartmoor
Forest, New
Forests, royal
Fungi, red coloured
Gladioli, from seed
Glendinning's (Mr.) nursery
Guano, to apply, by Mr. Legard
Honey
Lois Weedon cultivation of Swedes and Wheat, by the Rev. S. Smith
Manure, straw as, by Mr. Goodiff
---- adulterated
Passiflora Kermesina
Potato, Lapstone, by Mr. Ayres
Potato disease in Ireland, by Mr. Murphy
Potato sets, dried, by Mr. Goodiff
Poultry shows
Rose, Geant des Batailles
Rye-grass, Italian
Salep, British, to make
Salt and weeds
Schools, industrial
Silkworms
Stock, short-horned
---- Lord Ducie's
Straw as manure, by Mr. Goodiff
Thermometers
Tile machine
Trees, size of, in Kemaon, &c., by Mr. Strachey
Turnips, Lois Weedon culture of
Wall fruit, stoning of
Weeds, to kill
Wheat, Lois Weedon culture of
Yorkshire Agricultural Society
---- Philosophical Society, show of
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition
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and Seed Markets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of
all the transactions of the week_.
ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington
Street, Covent Garden, London.
* * * * *
In a few days will be published, Part IV. of
A CATALOGUE of a particularly Valuable and Interesting Collection
of RARE, CURIOUS, AND USEFUL BOOKS in English History, Topography,
Antiquities, Heraldry, Early English Literature and Black-letter Books,
and Miscellaneous Literature, English and Foreign.
Splendid and Valuable Books of Prints and Illustrated Books, including a
most valuable and extensively Illustrated Pennant's London, 6 vols. fol.;
Clarendon's History of the Rebellion, 4 vols. folio; Evelyn's Memoirs, 5
vols. 4to.; Harte's Life of Gustavus Adolphus the Great, 4 vols. 4to.;
and other similarly Illustrated Books.
Extensive Collections of Engravings and Woodcuts from the infancy of the
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at the Reasonable Prices affixed by
JOSEPH LILLY, 19. King Street, Covent Garden, London.
This valuable and truly interesting Catalogue will be forwarded to any
Gentleman desiring it, on the receipt of Four Postage Stamps, the expense
of pre-paying it.
* * * * *
Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, August
20, 1853.
* * * * *
Corrections made to printed original.
page 178, "that of Croagh Patrick": 'that of Crough Patrick' in original.
*** End of this LibraryBlog Digital Book "Notes and Queries, Number 199, August 20, 1853 _ A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc" ***
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